Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gaussian linear control systems with feedback'
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Hadad, Zarif M. "Structural properties of linear systems." Thesis, City University London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332557.
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Crews, Mark Conrad. "Robust multivariable feedback design for uncertain linear systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305464.
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Shan, Xu Yi. "Bounded feedback and structural issues in linear multivariable systems." Thesis, City University London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316131.
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Trimboli, Michael Scott. "Generalized Nyquist design for uncertain linear feedback systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.256373.
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Kafai, Ali. "Aspects of feedback and a local approach for linear systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1991. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27824.
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The effect of the implementation of constant output feedback on a general rational transfer function matrix has long been of interest. More recently, interest has been shown in the properness of closed-loop systems when such constant output feedback is applied to a general open-loop G(s) which is given either in terms of a state space realisation or as a matrix fraction description. In the first part of this work the effect of constant output feedback on a general composite system is considered and a simple sufficient condition for properness of such a system is derived.
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Hendeby, Gustaf. "Fundamental Estimation and Detection Limits in Linear Non-Gaussian Systems." Licentiate thesis, Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4886.
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Irving, J. P. "Robust pole assignment via state feedback and its relationship to linear optimal control and output feedback pole assignment." Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252935.
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Syrmos, Vassilis L. "Feedback design techniques in linear system theory : geometric and algebraic approaches." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13348.
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Yang, Bong-Jun. "Adaptive Output Feedback Control of Flexible Systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5248.
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Neural network-based adaptive output feedback approaches that augment a linear control design are described in this thesis, and emphasis is placed on their real-time implementation with flexible systems. Two different control architectures that are robust to parametric uncertainties and unmodelled dynamics are presented. The unmodelled effects can consist of minimum phase internal dynamics of the system together with external disturbance process.
Within this context, adaptive compensation for external disturbances is addressed.
In the first approach, internal model-following control, adaptive elements are designed using feedback inversion. The effect of an actuator limit is treated using control hedging, and the effect of other actuation nonlinearities, such as dead zone and backlash, is mitigated by a disturbance observer-based control design. The
effectiveness of the approach is illustrated through simulation and experimental testing with a three-disk torsional system, which is subjected to control voltage limit and stiction.
While the internal model-following control is limited to minimum phase systems, the second approach, external model-following control, does not involve feedback linearization and can be
applied to non-minimum phase systems. The unstable zero dynamics are assumed to have been modelled in the design of the existing linear controller. The laboratory tests for this method include a three-disk torsional pendulum, an inverted pendulum, and a flexible-base robot manipulator.
The external model-following control architecture is further extended in three ways. The first extension is an approach for control of multivariable nonlinear systems. The second extension is a decentralized adaptive control approach for large-scale interconnected systems. The third extension is to make use of an
adaptive observer to augment a linear observer-based controller. In this extension, augmenting terms for the adaptive observer can be used to achieve adaptation in both the observer and the
controller. Simulations to illustrate these approaches include an inverted pendulum with its cart serially attached to two carts
(one unmodelled), three spring-coupled inverted pendulums, and an inverted pendulum with its initial condition in a range in which a linear controller is destabilizing.
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Allen, Benjamin T. Gravagne Ian A. "Experimental investigation of a time scales linear feedback control theorem." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5116.
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Vaudrey, Michael Allen. "Adaptive Control Methods for Non-Linear Self-Excited Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28884.
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Self-excited systems are open loop unstable plants having a nonlinearity that prevents an exponentially increasing time response. The resulting limit cycle is induced by any slight disturbance that causes the response of the system to grow to the saturation level of the nonlinearity. Because there is no external disturbance, control of these self-excited systems requires that the open loop system dynamics are altered so that any unstable open loop poles are stabilized in the closed loop.
This work examines a variety of adaptive control approaches for controlling a thermoacoustic instability, a physical self-excited system. Initially, a static feedback controller loopshaping design and associated system identification method is presented. This design approach is shown to effectively stabilize an unstable Rijke tube combustor while preventing the creation of additional controller induced instabilities. The loopshaping design method is then used in conjunction with a trained artificial neural network to demonstrate stabilizing control in the presence of changing plant dynamics over a wide variety of operating conditions. However, because the ANN is designed specifically for a single combustor/actuator arrangement, its limited portability is a distinct disadvantage.
Filtered-X least mean squares (LMS) adaptive feedback control approaches are examined when applied to both stable and unstable plants. An identification method for approximating the relevant plant dynamics to be modeled is proposed and shown to effectively stabilize the self-excited system in simulations and experiments. The adaptive feedback controller is further analyzed for robust performance when applied to the stable, disturbance rejection control problem. It is shown that robust stability cannot be guaranteed because arbitrarily small errors in the plant model can generate gradient divergence and unstable feedback loops.
Finally, a time-averaged-gradient (TAG) algorithm is investigated for use in controlling self-excited systems such as the thermoacoustic instability. The TAG algorithm is shown to be very effective in stabilizing the unstable dynamics using a variety of controller parameterizations, without the need for plant estimation information from the system to be controlled.Ph. D.
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Polston, James D. "DECENTRALIZED ADAPTIVE CONTROL FOR UNCERTAIN LINEAR SYSTEMS: TECHNIQUES WITH LOCAL FULL-STATE FEEDBACK OR LOCAL RELATIVE-DEGREE-ONE OUTPUT FEEDBACK." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/24.
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This thesis presents decentralized model reference adaptive control techniques for systems with full-state feedback and systems with output feedback. The controllers are strictly decentralized, that is, each local controller uses feedback from only local subsystems and no information is shared between local controllers.
The full-state feedback decentralized controller is effective for multi-input systems, where the dynamics matrix and control-input matrix are unknown. The decentralized controller achieves asymptotic stabilization and command following in the presence of sinusoidal disturbances with known spectrum. We present a construction technique of the reference-model dynamics such that the decentralized controller is effective for systems with arbitrarily large subsystem interconnections.
The output-feedback decentralized controller is effective for single-input single-output subsystems that are minimum phase and relative degree one. The decentralized controller achieves asymptotic stabilization and disturbance rejection in the presence of an unknown disturbance, which is generated by an unknown Lyapunov-stable linear system.
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Onawola, Oluseyi Olasupo Foster Winfred A. "A feedback linearization approach for panel flutter suppression with piezoelectric actuation." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1404.
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Maya, Gonzalez Martin. "Frequency domain analysis of feedback interconnections of stable systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/frequency-domain-analysis-of-feedback-interconnections-of-stable-systems(c6415a11-3417-48ba-9961-ecef80b08e0e).html.
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The study of non-linear input-output maps can be summarized by three concepts: Gain, Positivity and Dissipativity. However, in order to make efficient use of these theorems it is necessary to use loop transformations and weightings, or so called ”multipliers”.The first problem this thesis studies is the feedback interconnection of a Linear Time Invariant system with a memoryless bounded and monotone non-linearity, or so called Absolute Stability problem, for which the test for stability is equivalent to show the existence of a Zames-Falb multiplier. The main advantage of this approach is that Zames–Falb multipliers can be specialized to recover important tools such as Circle criterion and the Popov criterion. Albeit Zames-Falb multipliers are an efficient way of describing non-linearities in frequency domain, the Fourier transform of the multiplier does not preserve the L1 norm. This problem has been addressed by two paradigms: mathematically complex multipliers with exact L1 norm and multipliers with mathematically tractable frequency domain properties but approximate L1 norm. However, this thesis exposes a third factor that leads to conservative results: causality of Zames-Falb multipliers. This thesis exposes the consequences of narrowing the search Zames-Falb multipliers to causal multipliers, and motivated by this argument, introduces an anticausal complementary method for the causal multiplier synthesis in [1].The second subject of this thesis is the feedback interconnection of two bounded systems. The interconnection of two arbitrary systems has been a well understood problem from the point of view of Dissipativity and Passivity. Nonetheless, frequency domain analysis is largely restricted for passive systems by the need of canonically factorizable multipliers, while Dissipativity mostly exploits constant multipliers. This thesis uses IQC to show the stability of the feedback interconnection of two non-linear systems by introducing an equivalent representation of the IQC Theorem, and then studies formally the conditions that the IQC multipliers need. The result of this analysis is then compared with Passivity and Dissipativity by a series of corollaries.
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Al-Muthairi, Naser F. "Pole-placement with minimum effort for linear multivariable systems." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49916.
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This dissertation is concerned with the problem of the exact pole-placement by minimum control effort using state and output feedback for linear multivariable systems. The novelty of the design lies in obtaining a direct transformation of the system matrices into a modified controllable canonical form. Two realizations are identified, and the algorithms to obtain them are derived. In both cases, the transformation matrix has some degrees of freedom by tuning a scalar or a set of scalars within the matrix. These degrees of freedom are utilized in the solution to reduce further the norm of the state feedback matrix. Then the pole-placement problem is solved by minimizing a certain functional, subject to a set of specified constraints.
A non-canonical form approach to the problem is also proposed, where it was only necessary to transform the input matrix to a special form. The transformation matrix, in this method, has larger degrees of freedom which can be utilized in the solution. Moreover, a new pole-placement method based on the non-canonical approach is derived. The solution, in this method, was made possible by solving the Lyapunov matrix equation.
Finally, an iterative algorithm for pole-placement by output feedback is extended so as to obtain an output feedback matrix with a small norm. The extension has been accomplished by applying the successive pole shifting method. Two schemes for the pole shifting are proposed. The first is to successively shift the poles through straight paths starting from the open loop poles and ending at the desired poles, whereas the second scheme shifts the poles according to a successive change of their characteristic polynomial coefficients.Ph. D.
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Huang, Rui. "OUTPUT FEEDBACK TRACKING CONTROL OF NONLINEAR TIME-VARYING SYSTEMS BY TRAJECTORY LINEARIZATION." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1178906759.
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Lai, Haoyu. "On the design of nonlinear gain scheduled control systems." Ohio : Ohio University, 1998. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1176486900.
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Chao, Chien-Hsiang. "Robust stabilization of linear time-invariant uncertain systems via Lyapunov theory." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53928.
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This dissertation is concerned with the problem of synthesizing a robust stabilizing feedback controller for linear time-invariant systems with constant uncertainties that are not required to satisfy matching conditions. Only the bounds on the uncertainties are required and no statistical property of the uncertainties is assumed.
The systems under consideration are described by linear state equations with uncertainties. I.e. x(t) = A̅(γ)x(t) +B̅(γ)u(t), where A̅(γ) is an n x n matrix and B̅(γ) is an n x m matrix. Lyapunov theory is exploited to establish the conditions for stabilizability of the closed loop system. We consider a Lyapunov function with an uncertain symmetric positive definite matrix P. The uncertain matrix P satisfies the Lyapunov equation ATP + PA + Q = 0, where the matrix A is in companion form and the matrix Q is symmetric and positive definite. In the solution of the Lyapunov equation, m rows of the matrix P are fixed in our approach of designing a robust controller. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions on these fixed m rows of the matrix P such that for given positive definite and symmetric Q the solution of the Lyapunov equation yields a positive definite matrix P and a companion matrix A that is Hurwitz. A discontinuous robust stabilizing controller is given.
Linear controller design is also investigated in this research. Under the same assumptions for the existence of a stabilizing discontinuous controller, we show that a linear robust stabilizing controller always exists.
The dissertation includes three examples to illustrate the design procedures for robust controllers. Example 2 shows that the design procedure may be applied to time-varying nonlinear systems.Ph. D.
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Odelius, Johan. "Generation of probe signal for feedback cancellation systems." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2095.
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A common problem of hearing aids is whistling caused by feedback from the loudspeaker back to the microphone. A method of reducing the negative effects, caused by the feedback, is called feedback cancellation. A variant of feedback cancellation uses a probe signal, which is applied to the speaker of the hearing aid and is used to continuously estimate the feedback. Oticon A/S has suggested a master's thesis with the purpose of designing and evaluating an algorithm generating a probe signal for feedback cancellation systems. The challenge was to find an inaudible probe signal with as much energy as possible.
Two approaches have been investigated for generating a probe signal. In the first approach the psychoacoustic principle of masking was used to estimate how much noise that could be added to a signal without being heard. Psychoacoustic models, including masking, are used in MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group) audio coding and one of these models has been examined in the thesis. In the second approach a standard LPC (Linear Prediction Coding) algorithm was used. In both the MPEG and the LPC approach, warped signal processing has been utilized improving the methods.
A listening test was performed, evaluating the methods generating the probe signal. The purpose of the test was to determine whether the noise, generated using the MPEG and LPC approach, was inaudible. A hearing aid system with feedback cancellation, using the probe signal, was also simulated. The listening test showed that the noise (probe signal) had to be lowered, much more than expected, to be inaudible. As a consequence, shown in the simulations, the feedback cancellation system, using the probe signal, had trouble identifying the feedback of the hearing aid.
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Sereni, Bruno. "Static output feedback control for LPV and uncertain LTI systems /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180732.
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Orientador: Edvaldo AssunçãoResumo: Este trabalho aborda o controle via realimentação estática de saída aplicado à sistemas lineares com parâmetro variante (LPV) e lineares incertos invariantes no tempo (LIT). O projeto de ganhos de realimentação estática de saída apresentado neste trabalho é baseado no método dos dois estágios, o qual consiste em primeiramente obter um ganho de realimentação de estados, e então, utilizar esta informação no segundo estágio para obter-se o ganho de realimentação estática de saída desejado. As soluções para os problemas investigados são apresentadas na forma de desigualdades matriciais lineares (no inglês, linear matrix inequalities, LMIs), obtidas por meio da aplicação do Lema de Finsler. Baseado em resultados anteriores encontrados na literatura, este trabalho propõe uma estratégia de relaxação de forma a obter um método menos conservador para obtenção de ganhos robustos de realimentação estática de saída para sistemas incertos LTI. Na estratégia proposta, as variáveis adicionais do Lema de Finsler são consideradas como dependentes de parâmetro, juntamente com o uso de funções de Lyapunov dependentes de parâmetro (no inglês, parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions, PDLFs). É apresentado um estudo avaliando a eficácia da estratégia proposta em fornecer uma maior região de factibilidade para um dado problema. Os resultados foram utilizados em uma comparação com um método de relaxação baseado apenas no uso de PDLFs. Uma segunda contribuição deste trabalho consiste na proposta de um... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The static output feedback (SOF) control applied to linear parameter-varying (LPV) and uncertain linear time-invariant (LTI) systems are addressed in this work. The approach chosen for the design of SOF gains is based on the two-stage method, which consists in obtaining a state feedback gain at first, and then using that information for deriving the desired SOF gain at the second stage. The solutions for the investigated problems are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), obtained by means of the application of the Finsler's Lemma. Based on previous papers found in literature, this work proposes a relaxation strategy in order to achieve a less conservative method for obtaining robust SOF gains for uncertain LTI systems. In the proposed strategy, the Finsler's Lemma additional variables are considered to be parameter-dependent along with the use of parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions (PDLFs). A study evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in providing a larger feasibility region for a given problem is presented. The results were used in a comparison with a relaxation method based only on PDLFs. Another contribution of this work lies in the proposal of a solution for the control of LPV systems via the design of a gain-scheduled SOF controller. The methods proposed for both control problems were applied on the design of controllers for an active suspension system. In the experiments, it was assumed that only one of its four system's states wer... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Carniato, Leonardo Ataide. "Robust H∞ switched static output feedback control design for linear switched systems subject to actuator saturation /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183007.
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Orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto TeixeiraResumo: Este trabalho dedica-se ao estudo do problema de controle robusto envolvendo custo H∞ para sistemas lineares chaveados no tempo contínuo, sujeitos à saturação no atuador e com incertezas politópicas, considerando leis de chaveamento e controladores chaveados dependentes da saída da planta. Os métodos propostos oferecem novas condições baseadas em Desigualdades Matriciais Lineares (LMIs - do inglês, Linear Matrix Inequalities) para o projeto de controladores chaveados utilizando funções de Lyapunov dependentes de parâmetros. O método é baseado em um resultado recentemente introduzido na literatura para o projeto de controle H∞ de saída o qual evita igualdades matriciais lineares (LMEs - do inglês, Linear Matrix Equalities) e a necessidade de impor restrições nas matrizes de saída do sistema, isto é, as matrizes de saída do sistema podem ser de posto linha incompleto. Com o objetivo de estender estes resultados, a restrição de saturação no atuador é estudada. Análises teóricas e resultados de simulações mostram que os novos procedimentos são menos conservativos quando comparados a métodos publicados recentemente na literatura. No método proposto, as condições são uma classe particular de desigualdades matriciais bilineares (BMIs - do inglês, Bilinear Matrix Inequalities), as quais contêm alguns termos bilineares devido à multiplicação de matrizes por escalares. Estes termos estão relacionados à combinação convexa das matrizes de chaveamento bem como a outros parâmetros escalare... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This thesis is devoted to the study of the robust H∞ control problem of continuous-time switched linear systems subject to actuator saturation with polytopic uncertainties, considering an output-dependent switching law and a switched static output feedback controller. The proposed method offers new sufficient conditions based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for designing the switched controllers using parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions. The method is based on a static output feedback H∞ control design recently presented in the literature that avoids linear matrices equalities (LMEs) and the need to impose any constraints on output system matrices, that is, the output matrices of the system are allowed to be of non-full row rank. In order to extend those results, the actuator saturation constraint is also studied. Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that these new procedures are less conservative than recent methods available in the literature. The conditions of the proposed methods are a particular class of Bilinear Matrix Inequalities (BMIs), which contain some bilinear terms as the product of a matrix and a scalar, related to a suitable convex combination and scalars parameters to provide extra free dimensions in the solution space. The hybrid algorithm Differential Evolution-Linear Matrix Inequality (DE-LMI), is proposed for obtaining feasible solutions of this particular NP-hard problem. Examples show that the proposed methodologies reduce the design ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Maeda, Ken. "Nonlinear control system of inverted pendulum based on input-output linearization." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Benner, Peter, and Jens Saak. "Linear-Quadratic Regulator Design for Optimal Cooling of Steel Profiles." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200601597.
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We present a linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) design for a heat transfer model describing the cooling process of steel profiles in a rolling mill. Primarily we consider a feedback control approach for a linearization of the nonlinear model given there, but we will also present first ideas how to use local (in time) linearizations to treat the nonlinear equation with a regulator approach. Numerical results based on a spatial finite element discretization and a numerical algorithm for solving large-scale algebraic Riccati equations are presented both for the linear and nonlinear models.
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Sigthorsson, David O. "Control-Oriented Modeling and Output Feedback Control of Hypersonic Air-Breathing Vehicles." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228230786.
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Dande, Ketan Kiran. "Eco-Inspired Robustness Analysis of Linear Uncertain Systems Using Elemental Sensitivities." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1331104551.
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Choi, Jinbae. "Closed-Loop Optimal Control of Discrete-Time Multiple Model Linear Systems with Unknown Parameters." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1441178373.
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Houlis, Pantazis Constantine. "A novel parametrized controller reduction technique based on different closed-loop configurations." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0052.
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This Thesis is concerned with the approximation of high order controllers or the controller reduction problem. We firstly consider approximating high-order controllers by low order controllers based on the closed-loop system approximation. By approximating the closed-loop system transfer function, we derive a new parametrized double-sided frequency weighted model reduction problem. The formulas for the input and output weights are derived using three closed-loop system configurations: (i) by placing a controller in cascade with the plant, (ii) by placing a controller in the feedback path, and (iii) by using the linear fractional transformation (LFT) representation. One of the weights will be a function of a free parameter which can be varied in the resultant frequency weighted model reduction problem. We show that by using standard frequency weighted model reduction techniques, the approximation error can be easily reduced by varying the free parameter to give more accurate low order controllers. A method for choosing the free parameter to get optimal results is being suggested. A number of practical examples are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller reduction method. We have then considered the relationships between the closed-loop system con gurations which can be expressed using a classical control block diagram or a modern control block diagram (LFT). Formulas are derived to convert a closed-loop system represented by a classical control block diagram to a closed-loop system represented by a modern control block diagram and vice versa.
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Vieira, Henrique de Souza 1989. "Estabilidade e controle H-infinito por realimentação de estados para sistemas lineares politópicos utilizando desigualdades matriciais com escalares." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259811.
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Orientador: Ricardo Coração de Leão Fontoura de OliveiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Os problemas de estabilização e controle H? robustos por realimentação de estados para sistemas lineares incertos em domínios politópicos são investigados nesta dissertação. São propostas novas técnicas de síntese baseadas em condições LMIs com busca em escalares, abordando de maneira unificada sistemas contínuos e discretos no tempo. A principal novidade da técnica proposta é o uso efetivo de matrizes de Lyapunov polinomiais de grau arbitrário para certificar a estabilidade robusta do sistema em malha fechada. A segunda vantagem da abordagem proposta é que as melhores condições de síntese por realimentação de estados atualmente disponíveis na literatura podem ser reproduzidas por meio de escolhas particulares dos parâmetros escalares. Para o problema de controle H? também é proposto um procedimento iterativo como alternativa à busca dos escalares. Experimentos numéricos ilustram o potencial e a eficácia da técnica proposta
Abstract: The problems of robust stabilization and H? control by state-feedback for uncertain linear systems in polytopic domains are investigated in this dissertation. New synthesis techniques based on LMI conditions with scalar searches, addressing in a unified way continuous and discrete-time systems, are proposed. The main novelty of the proposed method is the effective use of polynomial Lyapunov matrices of arbitrary degree to certify the robust stability of the closed-loop system. The second advantage of the proposed approach is that the best currently available state-feedback synthesis conditions in the literature can be reproduced by particular choices of the scalars. Regarding the H? control problem, an iterative procedure is also proposed as an alternative to the scalar searches. Numerical experiments illustrate the potential and efficacy of the proposed methods
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Gasik, Kevin Richard. "COMPARISON OF LQR AND LQR-MRAC FOR LINEAR TRACTOR-TRAILER MODEL." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2117.
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The United States trucking industry is immense. Employing over three million drivers and traveling to every city in the country. Semi-Trucks travel millions of miles each week and encompass roads that civilians travel on. These vehicles should be safe and allow efficient travel for all. Autonomous vehicles have been discussed in controls for many decades. Now fleets of autonomous vehicles are beginning their integration into society. The ability to create an autonomous system requires domain and system specific knowledge. Approaches to implement a fully autonomous vehicle have been developed using different techniques in control systems such as Kalman Filters, Neural Networks, Model Predictive Control, and Adaptive Control. However some of these control techniques require superb models, immense computing power, and terabytes of storage. One way to circumvent these issues is by the use of an adaptive control scheme. Adaptive control systems allow for an existing control system to self-tune its performance for unknown variables i.e. when an environment changes. In this thesis a LQR error state control system is derived and shown to maintain a magnitude of 15 cm of steady state error from the center-line of the road. In addition a proposed LQR-MRAC controller is used to test the robustness of a lane-keeping control system. The LQR-MRAC controller was able to improve its transient response peak error from the center-line of the road of the tractor and the trailer by 9.47 [cm] and 7.27 [cm]. The LQR-MRAC controller increased tractor steady state error by 0.4 [cm] and decreased trailer steady state error by 1 [cm]. The LQR-MRAC controller was able to outperform modern control techniques and can be used to improve the response of the tractor-trailer system to handle mass changes in its environment.
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Korogui, Rubens Hideo. "Analise de estabilidade e realimentação de estado de sistemas dinamicos politopicos via multiplicadores." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261789.
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Orientador: Jose Claudio GeromelDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Esta dissertação é dedicada ao estudo de métodos de análise e síntese de controladores para sistemas poli tópicos, tendo como ferramentas principais as desigualdades matriciais lineares (LMls) e o emprego de variáveis adicionais, chamadas multiplicadores ou matrizes de escalamento. Desenvolvemos os conceitos relacionados à análise de sistemas dinâmicos empregando multiplicadores, com os quais obtemos condições suficientes de estabilidade e desempenho robustos. Associado a essa perspectiva, introduzimos funções de Lyapunov dependentes de parâmetros para tratar de sistemas politópicos. De posse dos resultados de análise, propomos condições para o projeto de controladores por realimentação de estado, através de uma parametrização convexa. O texto é ilustrado com exemplos e tabelas
Abstract: This thesis is devoted to analysis and controllers design for polytopic systems in the Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMls) and Multipliers framework. We develop concepts related to the analysis of dynamic systems stability in terms of multipliers, so we are able to provide sufficient conditions for robust stability and performance. Moreover, we introduce parameter dependent Lyapunov functions in order to deal with polytopic systems. Based on the analysis results, we propose conditions for state feedback design using a convex parametrization. Throughout the text several examples and tables illustrate the development
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Kratz, Jonathan L. "Robust Control of Uncertain Input-Delayed Sample Data Systems through Optimization of a Robustness Bound." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429149093.
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Benner, Peter, and Sabine Hein. "Model predictive control based on an LQG design for time-varying linearizations." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-201000221.
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We consider the solution of nonlinear optimal control problems subject to stochastic perturbations with incomplete observations. In particular, we generalize results obtained by Ito and Kunisch in [8] where they consider a receding horizon control (RHC) technique based on linearizing the problem on small intervals. The linear-quadratic optimal control problem for the resulting time-invariant (LTI) problem is then solved using the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) design. Here, we allow linearization about an instationary reference trajectory and thus obtain a linear time-varying (LTV) problem on each time horizon. Additionally, we apply a model predictive control (MPC) scheme which can be seen as a generalization of RHC and we allow covariance matrices of the noise processes not equal to the identity. We illustrate the MPC/LQG approach for a three dimensional reaction-diffusion system. In particular, we discuss the benefits of time-varying linearizations over time-invariant ones.
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Deaecto, Grace Silva 1983. "Sintese de controle para sistemas dinamicos com comutação." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259357.
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Orientador: Jose Claudio GeromelDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, são propostas condições suficientes para a estabilidade assintótica de sistemas lineares, contínuos no tempo, com comutação que asseguram um custo garantido de desempenho. Estas condições dependem da solução de um conjunto de desigualdades de Lyapunov-Metzler, definidas em [Geromel & Colaneri, 2006], que possuem natureza não-convexa, sendo portanto, de difícil solução. Para contornar este problema, apresentamos condições de estabilidade mais conservadoras baseadas em uma subclasse de matrizes de Metzler com elementos iguais na diagonal principal, que podem ser resolvidas através de desigualdades matriciais lineares e busca unidimensional. Os resultados apresentados em [Geromel & Colaneri, 2006], que fornecem condições para a estabilidade de sistemas dinâmicos lineares com comutação, são generalizados para lidar com sistemas mais gerais, a saber, sistemas dinâmicos sujeitos a perturbações impulsivas. A proposta elaborada assegura a estabilidade assintótica inclusive na presença de possíveis modos deslizantes
Abstract: In this work, sufficient conditions are proposed for the study of asymptotic stability of continuous time linear systems with commutation, which assure a guaranteed cost of performance. These conditions depend on the solution of a set of Lyapunov-Metzler inequalities, defined in [Geromel & Colaneri, 2006], which are difficult to solve due to their non-convex nature. However, to circumvent this difficulty, we present more conservative stability conditions based on a subclass of Metzler matrices characterized by having equal elements on the main diagonal. Although these conditions are more conservative, they can be solved by Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMls) and unidimensional search. The analysis done in [Geromel & Colaneri, 2006], which provides the stability conditions for linear dynamic systems with commutation is expanded to cover a more general class of systems with commutation and subject to impulsive disturbances. The conditions presented in this work assure the stability even in the presence of possible sliding modes
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Deaecto, Grace Silva 1983. "Projeto de controladores dinâmicos com comutação = aplicação em sistemas mecânicos e conversores de potência CC-CC." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260901.
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Orientador: José Cláudio GeromelTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Esta tese trata do projeto de controladores dinâmicos H2 ou H? via realimentação de saída para sistemas lineares com comutação contínuos e discretos no tempo. Inicialmente, apresentamos a síntese via realimentação de estado de forma a colocar em evidência as principais dificuldades para a obtenção da solução do problema de projeto mais realista, correspondente ao controle via realimentação dinâmica de saída. As condições obtidas são necessárias e suficientes para a existência de solução com uma estrutura particular para as chamadas desigualdades de Lyapunov ou Riccati-Metzler. Tratamos também da síntese via realimentação de estado de sistemas sujeitos a incertezas limitadas em norma e politópicas. No que diz respeito às incertezas limitadas em norma, as condições são válidas inclusive se as mesmas apresentarem estrutura do tipo linear fracionária (LFT). No caso de incertezas politópicas, as condições podem ser empregadas como uma alternativa para o projeto de controle de sistemas com parâmetros lineares variantes no tempo (LPV). Aplicamos os resultados teóricos para a solução de três problemas de cunho essencialmente práticos, a saber, a regulação da tensão de saída de conversores de potência CCCC, a estimação da aceleração vertical de uma suspensão automotiva e o controle do ângulo de rolamento de uma aeronave
Abstract: This thesis is concerned to the output feedback H2 or H? control design for continuous-time and discrete-time switched linear systems. Initially, we present the state feedback synthesis in order to put in evidence the main difficulties we have to face towards the solution of the more realistic output feedback control design problem. The conditions are necessary and sufficient regarding the existence of a structured solution of the Lypunov or Riccati-Metzler inequalities. We also treat the state feedback synthesis for switched linear systems subject to norm bounded or polytopic uncertainties. In the former case, the conditions hold even if the uncertainty presents the linear fractional structure (LFT), and in the latter one, the conditions can be used as an alternative to the linear parameter varying control (LPV). The theoretical results are applied to three practical problems, namely, the output voltage regulation of DC-DC converters, the vertical stroke estimation in automotive suspensions and aircraft roll angle control
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Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Suzuki, Ricardo Murad. "Controle baseado em linearização por realimentação dos estados aplicado a um servoposicionador pneumático." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25039.
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Servoposicionadores pneumáticos são sistemas com tecnologia limpa, pois utiliza o ar comprimido como fluido de trabalho, leves, baratos e apresentam boa relação entre a capacidade de carga e a potência fornecida. Contudo, eles apresentam não-linearidades inerentes ao sistema pneumático, como efeitos devidos à compressibilidade do ar, ao atrito e vazamentos. Por estes motivos os controladores lineares mostram-se ineficientes para estes sistemas e é necessário utilizar estratégias de controle mais elaboradas, como, por exemplo, controle por redes neurais, controle com estrutura variável, controle adaptativo ou baseado em linearização por realimentação. Neste trabalho, foi estudada a aplicação do método de linearização por realimentação aliada ao método de controle por realimentação de estados e projeto por alocação de pólos ao controle de um servoposicionador pneumático. A estratégia de linearização por realimentação utiliza as estimativas das não-linearidades do modelo pneumático para linearizar o comportamento do servoposicionador pneumático e permitir o uso tanto de controladores lineares como não-lineares. A análise e prova das características de estabilidade completa do sistema em malha fechada com parâmetros conhecidos foi realizada, obtendo-se a garantia da convergência dos erros de seguimento para zero. Também foi realizada a análise de robustez, com a análise do comportamento do sistema frente às incertezas dos parâmetros estimados. Simulações e ensaios experimentais foram realizados para avaliar o comportamento e a eficiência do controlador proposto. Os resultados do controlador mostram-se promissores, com uma redução de aproximadamente 50% no erro de posição no seguimento de trajetória e na parada precisa com relação às técnicas lineares usualmente aplicadas a estes sistemas. Entretanto, no posicionamento percebe-se a influência do atrito, indicando que a sua compensação deve ser considerada em futuros desenvolvimentos.Pneumatic positioning systems are clean, lightweight, cheap and present a good rate between the payload and supply power. However, this system shows a highly non-linear behavior, caused mainly by the compression of the air and the friction force. Linear strategies do not present an efficiently control in this kind of system and an improved design technique of control is needed, as neural network control, adaptive control, variable structure control or feedback linearization. In this work, it is developed the application of a feedback linearization control scheme integrated with the state feedback and pole placement method to a pneumatic positioning system. The feedback linearization strategy uses the non-linearities estimation of the pneumatic model to linearize the pneumatic positioning system and allow the use of linear or non-linear controls technique to control the behavior of the servopositioner. In this work, an analysis of the convergence properties of the closed-loop errors of the system when the proposed controller is employed is provided. It is shown that if the parameters are known than the system presents asymptotic convergence of the tracking errors to zero. The robustness properties analysis of the controller is also presented and the system behavior with the uncertainty parameters is analysed. Simulation and experimental tests were performed to assess the behavior and the efficiency of the feedback linearization control. The result of the proposed control shows to be promising on the reduction of position errors in trajectory tracking and in steadystate behavior. The tests show the presence of a strong influence of the friction force and that the friction comparation in techniques must be studied in futher developments.
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Freire, Junior Vlademir Aparecido. "Controle quantizado h-infinito via realimentação de estados." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1399.
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CAPESO objetivo desta dissertação é propor uma técnica para a síntese via realimentação de estados para sistemas lineares e invariantes no tempo, considerando que os estados realimentados são previamente quantizados. Para tanto, o erro de quantização é inicialmente modelado como um ruído externo. Assim, o problema de obter os ganhos de realimentação de estados, se torna um problema de projetar os ganhos que minimizem a norma H¥ do sistema controlado. Os ganhos de realimentação são calculados pela solução de um conjunto de condições descritas na forma de desigualdades matriciais lineares. A técnica é ilustrada pela aplicação da realimentação de estados quantizada em um servomecanismo.
The main objective of this dissertation is to propose a technique for synthesis by statefeedback for linear time-invariant systems, considering that the states are quantized before the feedback. To tackle such problem, the quantization error is initially modeled as an external noise. Therefore, the problem of getting the state-feedback gains, becomes a problem of designing the gains that minimize the H¥ norm of the system. The state-feedback gains are calculated by solving a set of conditions described in the form of linear matrix inequalities. The technique is illustrated by applying the of feedback of quantized states to a servo-mechanism.
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Wellman, Brandon. "Root Locus Techniques With Nonlinear Gain Parameterization." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/21.
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This thesis presents rules that characterize the root locus for polynomials that are nonlinear in the root-locus parameter k. Classical root locus applies to polynomials that are affine in k. In contrast, this thesis considers polynomials that are quadratic or cubic in k. In particular, we focus on constructing the root locus for linear feedback control systems, where the closed-loop denominator polynomial is quadratic or cubic in k. First, we present quadratic root-locus rules for a controller class that yields a closed-loop denominator polynomial that is quadratic in k. Next, we develop cubic root-locus rules for a controller class that yields a closed-loop denominator polynomial that is cubic in k. Finally, we extend the quadratic root-locus rules to accommodate a larger class of controllers. We also provide controller design examples to demonstrate the quadratic and cubic root locus. For example, we show that the triple integrator can be high-gain stabilized using a controller that yields a closed-loop denominator polynomial that is quadratic in k. Similarly, we show that the quadruple integrator can be high-gain stabilized using a controller that yields a closed-loop denominator polynomial that is cubic in k.
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Shankar, H. N. "Adaptive Control Of A General Class Of Finite Dimensional Stable LTI Systems." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/225.
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We consider the problem of Adaptive Control of finite-dimensional, stable, Linear Time Invariant (LTI) plants. Amongst such plants, the subclass regarding which an upper bound on the order is not known or which are known to be nonminimum phase (zeros in the unstable region) pose formidable problems in their own right. On one hand, if an upper bound on the order of the plant is not known, adaptive control usually involves some form of order estimation. On the other hand, when the plant is allowed to be either minimum phase or nonminimum phase, the adaptive control problem, as is well-known, becomes considerably-less tractable.
In this study, the class of unknown plants considered is such that no information is available on the upper bound of the plant order and, further, the plant may be either minimum phase or nonminimum phase. Albeit known to be stable, such plants throw myriads of challenges in the context of adaptive control.
Adaptive control involving such plants has been addressed [79] in a Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) framework. There, the inputs and outputs of the unknown plant are the only quantities available by measurement in terms of which any form of modeling of the unknown plant may be made. Inputs to the reference model have been taken from certain restricted classes of bounded signals. In particular, the three classes of inputs considered are piecewise continuous bounded functions which asymptotically approach
• a nonzero constant,
• a sinusoid, and
• a sinusoid with a nonzero shift.
Moreover, the control law is such that adaptation is carried out at specific instants separated by progressively larger intervals of time. The schemes there have been proved to be e-optimal in the sense of a suitably formulated optimality criterion.
If, however, the reference model inputs be extended to the class of piecewise continuous bounded functions, that would compound the complexity of the adaptive control problem. Only one attempt [78] in adaptive control in such a setting has come to our notice. The problem there has been tackled by an application of the theory of Pade Approximations to time moments of an LTI system. Based on a time moments estimation procedure, a simple adaptive scheme for Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) systems with only a cascade compensator has been reported.
The first chapter is essentially meant to ensure that the problem we seek to address in the field of adaptive control indeed has scope for research. Having defined Adaptive Control, we selectively scan through the literature on LTI systems, with focus on MRAC. We look out in particular for studies involving plants of which not much is known regarding their order and systems which are possibly nonminimum phase. We found no evidence to assert that the problem of adaptive control of stable LTI systems, not necessarily minimum phase and of unknown upper bound on the order, was explored enough, save two attempts involving
SISO systems. Taking absence of evidence (of in-depth study) for evidence of absence, we make a case for the problem and formally state it. We preview the thesis.
We set two targets before us in Chapter 2. The first is to review one of the existing procedures attacking the problem we intend to address. Since the approach is based on the notion of time moments of an LTI system, and as we are to employ Pade Approximations as a tool, we uncover these concepts to the limited extent of our requirement. The adaptive procedure, Plant Command Modifier Scheme (PCMS) [78], for SISO plants is reported in some detail. It stands supported on an algorithm specially designed to estimate the time moments of an LTI system given no more than its input and output. Model following there has been sought to be achieved by matching the first few time moments of the reference model by the corresponding ones of the overall compensated plant. The plant time moment estimates have been taken to represent the unknown plant. The second of the goals is to analyze PCMS critically so that it may serve as a forerunner to our work. We conclude the chapter after accomplishing these goals.
In Chapter 3, we devise a time moment estimator for SISO systems from a perspective which is conceptually equivalent to, yet functionally different from, that appropriated in [78]. It is a recipe to obtain estimates of time moments of a system by computing time moment estimates of system input and output signals measured up to current time. Pade approximations come by handy for this purpose. The lacunae exposed by a critical examination of PCMS in Chapter 2 guide us to progressively refine the estimator. Infirmities in the control part of PCMS too have come to light on our probing into it. A few of these will be fixed by way of fabricating two exclusively cascade compensators. We encounter some more issues, traceable to the estimator, which need redressal. Instead of directly fine-tuning the estimator itself, as is the norm, we propose the idea of 'estimating' the lopsidedness of the estimator by using it on the fully known reference model. This will enable us to effect corrections and obtain admissible estimates. Next, we explore the possibility of incorporating feedback compensation in addition to the existing cascade compensation. With output error minimization in mind, we come up with three schemes in this category. In the process, we anticipate the risk of instability due to feedback and handle it by means of an instability preventer with an inbuilt instability detector. Extensive simulations with minimum and rionminimum phase unknown plants employing the various schemes proposed are presented. A systematic study of simulation results reveals a dyad of hierarchies of progressively enhanced overall performance. One is in the sequence of the proposed schemes and the other in going for matching more and more moments. Based on our experiments we pick one of the feedback schemes as the best.
Chapter 4 is conceived of as a bridge between SISO and multivariable systems. A transition from SISO to Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) adaptive control is not a proposition confined to the mathematics of dimension-enhancement. A descent from the MIMO to the SISO case is expected to be relatively simple, though. So to transit as smoothly and gracefully as possible, some issues have to be placed in perspective before exploring multivariable systems. We succinctly debate on the efforts in pursuit of the exact vis-a-vis the accurate, and their implications. We then set some notations and formulate certain results which serve to unify and simplify the development in the subsequent three chapters. We list a few standard results from matrix theory which are to be of frequent use in handling multivariable systems.
We derive control laws for Single-Input Multi-Output (SIMO) systems in Chapter 5. Expectedly, SIMO systems display traits of observability and uncontrollability. Results of
illustrative simulations are furnished.
In Chapter 6, we formulate control laws for Multi-Input Single-Output (MISO) systems. Characteristics of unobservability and controllability stand out there. We present case studies. Before actually setting foot onto MIMO systems, we venture to conjecture on what to expect there.
We work out all the cascade and feedback adaptive schemes for square and nonsquare MIMO systems in Chapter 7. We show that MIMO laws when projected to MISO, SIMO and SISO cases agree with the corresponding laws in the respective cases. Thus the generality of our treatment of MIMO systems over other multivariable and scalar systems is established. We report simulations of instances depicting satisfactory performance and highlight the limitations of the schemes in tackling the family of plants of unknown upper bound on the order and possibly nonminimum phase. This forms the culmination of our exercise which took off from the reported work involving SISO systems [78].
Up to the end of the 7th chapter, we are in pursuit of solutions for the problem as general as in §1.4. For SISO systems, with input restrictions, the problem has been addressed in [79]. The laws proposed there carry out adaptation only at certain discrete instants; with respect to a suitably chosen cost, the final laws are proved to be e>optimal. In Chapter 8, aided by initial suboptimal control laws, we finally devise two algorithms with continuous-time adaptation and prove their optimality. Simulations with minimum and nonminimum phase plants reveal the effectiveness of the various laws, besides throwing light on the bootstrapping and auto-rectifying features of the algorithms.
In the tail-piece, we summarize the work and wind up matters reserved for later deliberation. As we critically review the present work, we decant the take-home message. A short note on applications followed by some loud thinking as a spin-off of this report will take us to finis.
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Korogui, Rubens Hideo. "Filtragem robusta, modelos com atraso e certificação de desempenho : aplicação em sistemas eletricos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260897.
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Orientador: Jose Claudio GeromelTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Uma das temáticas abordadas neste trabalho é o problema de filtragem robusta em norma H2 para sistemas lineares a tempo contínuo e a tempo discreto. Consideramos que os sistemas estão sujeitos a incertezas paramétricas inicialmente do tipo politópicas e, em seguida, do tipo que admite representação linear fracionária. Calculamos limitantes inferior e superior para a norma H2 do erro de estimação, resolvendo-se problemas minimax, escrevendo-os em formato de desigualdades matriciais lineares LMI. Dessa maneira calculamos um intervalo de otimalidade que permite certificar o desempenho do filtro robusto projetado. Em seguida, aplicamos a metodologia proposta em problemas de estimação envolvendo um motor de indução trifásico e uma linha de transmissão com derivação. O presente trabalho também apresenta o que chamamos de sistema linear de comparação, cuja proposta é servir como alternativa para estudar sistemas com atraso. Utilizando a substituição de Rekasius construímos um sistema linear invariante no tempo que permite obter informações sobre a estabilidade e o cálculo de norma H8 para sistemas desta classe. Em vista da formulação através de matrizes de representação de estado é possível estender sem maiores dificuldades os resultados para o projeto de controladores via realimentação de estado e de filtros para sistemas com atraso.
Abstract: One of the themes considered in this work is the robust H2 filtering design problem for linear time invariant continuous and discrete time systems. We assume that the systems are subject to parametric uncertainty, initially of the polytopic type and later as linear fractional transformation parametric uncertainties. We calculate lower and upper bounds to the H2 squared norm of the estimation error by means of the equilibrium solution of a minimax problem, that can be formulated in a linear matrix inequality framework. Under this approach we provide an optimality gap that allows us to certify the performance of the designed robust filter. Afterwards, we apply the proposed methodology to estimation problems involving a three-phase induction motor and a transmission line with a stub. This work also considers what we call a linear comparison system, whose goal is to serve as an alternative to study time-delay systems. Using the Rekasius substitution we construct a linear time invariant system that allows us to get information about stability and H8 norm of this class of systems. Based on this approach in terms of state space matrices it is possible to extend the results to state feedback design and filtering design without any further assumptions.
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Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Hadjikypris, Melios. "Supervisory control scheme for FACTS and HVDC based damping of inter-area power oscillations in hybrid AC-DC power systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/supervisory-control-scheme-for-facts-and-hvdc-based-damping-of-interarea-power-oscillations-in-hybrid-acdc-power-systems(cc03b44a-97f9-44ec-839f-5dcbcf2801f1).html.
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Modern interconnected power systems are becoming highly complex and sophisticated, while increasing energy penetrations through congested inter-tie lines causing the operating point approaching stability margins. This as a result, exposes the overall system to potential low frequency power oscillation phenomena following disturbances. This in turn can lead to cascading events and blackouts. Recent approaches to counteract this phenomenon are based on utilization of wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) and power electronics based devices, such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) and HVDC links for advanced power oscillation damping provision. The rise of hybrid AC-DC power systems is therefore sought as a viable solution in overcoming this challenge and securing wide-area stability. If multiple FACTS devices and HVDC links are integrated in a scheme with no supervising control actions considered amongst them, the overall system response might not be optimal. Each device might attempt to individually damp power oscillations ignoring the control status of the rest. This introduces an increasing chance of destabilizing interactions taking place between them, leading to under-utilized performance, increased costs and system wide-area stability deterioration. This research investigates the development of a novel supervisory control scheme that optimally coordinates a parallel operation of multiple FACTS devices and an HVDC link distributed across a power system. The control system is based on Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) modern optimal control theory. The proposed new control scheme provides coordinating control signals to WAMS based FACTS devices and HVDC link, to optimally and coherently counteract inter-area modes of low frequency power oscillations inherent in the system. The thesis makes a thorough review of the existing and well-established improved stability practises a power system benefits from through the implementation of a single FACTS device or HVDC link, and compares the case –and hence raises the issue–when all active components are integrated simultaneously and uncoordinatedly. System identification approaches are also in the core of this research, serving as means of reaching a linear state space model representative of the non-linear power system, which is a pre-requisite for LQG control design methodology.
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Xiong, Zhijie. "Radio Frequency Low Noise and High Q Integrated Filters in Digital CMOS Processes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5043.
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Radio Frequency Low Noise and High Q
Integrated Filters in Digital CMOS Processes
Zhijie Xiong
149 pages
Directed by Dr. Phillip E. Allen
Presented in this work is a novel design technique for CMOS integration of RF high Q integrated filters using positive feedback and current mode approach. Two circuits are designed in this work: a 100MHz low-noise and high Q bandpass filter suited for an FM radio front-end, and a 2.4GHz low-noise and high-Q bandpass filter suited for a Bluetooth front-end. Current-mode approach and positive feedback design techniques are successfully used in the design of both circuits. Both circuits are fabricated through a 0.18um CMOS process provided by National Semiconductor Corp.
The 100MHz circuit achieves 3.15uV RF sensitivity with 26dB SNR, and the total current consumption is 12mA. The center frequency of the filter is tunable from 80MHz to 110MHz, and the Q value is tunable from 0.5 to 28.9. 1 dB compression point is measured as -34.0dBm, combined with noise measurement results, a dynamic range of 54.1 dB results. Silicon area of the core circuit is 0.4 square millimeters.
The center frequency of the 2.4GHz circuit is tunable from 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz, and the Q value is tunable from 20 to 120. The 1 dB compression dynamic range of the circuit is 50dB. Integrated spiral inductors are developed for this design. Patterned ground shields are laid out to reduce inductor loss through substrate, especially eddy current loss when the circuit is fabricated on epi wafers. Accumulation mode MOS varactors are designed to tune the frequency response. Silicon area of the core circuit is 1 square millimeter.
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Glenn, Russell David. "A reduced order controller design method based on the Youla parameterization of all stabilizing controllers." Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1174396903.
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Piccirillo, Vinícius. "Dinâmica não linear e controle de um sistema vibratório modelado com memória de forma e, excitado por fontes de energia do tipo ideal e não ideal /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136707.
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Orientador: José Manoel BalthazarBanca: Bento Rodrigues de Pontes Junior
Banca: Vicente Lopes Júnior
Resumo: Este trabalho consiste de três partes, na primeira fez - se o estudo da dinâmica de um oscilador com um grau de liberdade, em que uma massa é conectada a um elemento com memória de forma e um amortecedor, onde o sistema é excitado harmonicamente (sistema ideal). Uma solução analítica para o movimento estacionário do sistema é obtida através da análise de técnicas de perturbações, onde foi utilizado o método das múltiplas escalas. Por intermédio desta solução observa - se fenômenos não lineares através das curvas de resposta em freqüência. Além disso, obtém - se condições de estabilidade para o sistema e condições para a existência de bifurcação do tipo sela - nó. Na segunda parte apresenta - se o estudo do comportamento dinâmico não linear de um oscilador com memória de forma, excitado por uma fonte não ideal - um motor elétrico de corrente contínua, desbalanceado e com potência limitada. Toma - se, um problema cujo modelo matemático representa um sistema simplificado (com característica do motor no regime estacionário). Adota - se a formulação Lagrangeana para gerar as equações de movimento. Os resultados são obtidos através de integrações numéricas das equações de movimento sendo possíveis obter oscilações regulares e irregulares (caóticos), os quais dependem da escolha dos parâmetros do sistema. A solução analítica é obtida utilizando - se o método da média, onde é possível observar fenômenos intrínsecos a sistemas não ideais tais como dependência da freqüência de excitação com relação à amplitude de oscilação da coordenada de movimento do sistema (Efeito Sommerfeld). A terceira parte é dedicada à aplicação de uma técnica de controle linear ótimo para a supressão do movimento caótico tanto do sistema ideal quanto do sistema não ideal, via simulações numéricas.
Abstract: This work concerns of three parts, in the first we will make the study of the dynamical of a single - degree of freedom oscillator, which consist of a mass connected to a shape memory element and a dashpot, where the system harmonically excited (ideal source). An analytical solution for the system stationary oscillations is obtained by perturbations method, where was used the method of multiple scales. Due to this solution one can observe nonlinear phenomena trough of frequency - response curves. Besides, conditions for the system stability and the existence of saddle - node bifurcations are also obtained. In the second part show the computational and analytical study of the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the SMA oscillator, excited by a non ideal source - an unbalanced direct current electric motor of limited power. A problem whose mathematical model represents a simplified system (the characteristic of the motor in stationary state). It adopts the Lagrange formularization to deducing the equations of motion. Regular and irregular (chaotic) behaviors depend of the physical parameters and can be observed when a numerical integration is performed. The analytical solution is obtained using the averaging method, where due to this solution on can observe typical non-ideal phenomena like the amplitude motion dependency to the frequency of the excitation (Sommerfeld effect). The third part is dedicated to the application and performance of the linear feedback control for the suppressing of the chaotic motion of an ideal and non ideal system, theses systems are numerical studied.
Mestre
44
Rodrigues, Luis Antonio 1987. "Análise e síntese de sistemas LPV polinomiais homogêneos usando funções de Lyapunov dependentes de sucessivos instantes de tempo." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/262919.
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Orientador: Juan Francisco Camino dos SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: O presente trabalho investiga os problemas de estabilidade assintótica e desempenho H'INFINITO' de sistemas lineares a parâmetros variantes discretos no tempo. São fornecidas condições suficientes para análise de estabilidade, análise de desempenho H'INFINITO' e síntese de controladores estáticos de realimentação de saída robustos e por ganho escalonado. Além disso, é proposto um método de parametrização polinomial homogênea de sistemas LPV afins. Assume-se que a matriz do sistema tem dependência polinomial homogênea de grau arbitrário sobre os parâmetros que variam dentro de um politopo com conhecidos limitantes sobre suas taxas de variação. As propriedades geométricas do domínio politópico são exploradas para se obter um conjunto finito de desigualdades matriciais lineares que levam em consideração os limitantes sobre as taxas de variação dos parâmetros. As condições LMIs são obtidas usando uma função de Lyapunov quadrática nos estados com dependência polinomial homogênea dos parâmetros variantes em instantes sucessivos de tempo. As condições fornecidas são aplicadas no modelo LPV de um sistema vibroacústico. Comparações com resultados numéricos encontrados na literatura mostram os benefícios das técnicas propostas
Abstract: This work investigates stability and H'INFINITE' performance of discrete-time linear parameter varying systems. Sufficient conditions for stability analysis, H'INFINITE' performance analysis and synthesis of both robust and gain-scheduled static output feedback controller are provided. It is assumed that the system matrices have a homogeneous polynomial dependence of arbitrary degree on the time-varying parameters. Thus, a homogeneous-polynomially parametrization method for affine LPV systems is proposed. The parameters are assumed to vary inside a polytope and to have known bounds on their rates of variation. The geometric properties of the polytopic domain are exploited to derive a finite set of LMIs that take into account the bounds on the rates of variation of the scheduling parameters. The LMI conditions are obtained using a quadratic in the state Lyapunov function with a homogeneous polynomial dependence on the scheduling parameters at successive instants of time. The proposed techniques are applied to an LPV model of a vibroacoustic setup. Comparisons with numerical results found in literature show the benefits of the proposed approach
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
45
Canahuire, Cabello Ruth Vanessa 1983. "Projeto de controladores H-infinito de ordem reduzida e compensação de saturação em estruturas flexíveis." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265939.
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Orientador: Alberto Luiz SerpaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: A síntese de controle H-infinito de estruturas flexíveis pode levar à obtenção de controladores de alta ordem. Estes controladores podem apresentar dificuldades para a implementação prática acarretando atrasos de resposta no sistema. Para evitar esse problema, este trabalho apresenta duas sínteses de controladores H-infinito de ordem reduzida por realimentação de saída. Para este propósito, são formulados dois problemas de otimização para a obtenção de controladores de ordem reduzida considerando que as matrizes de estado do controlador estão na forma canônica controlável e canônica modal. As duas sínteses propostas estão baseadas na minimização da norma H-infinito garantindo a estabilidade do sistema em malha fechada. Outro problema considerado neste trabalho são os efeitos de saturação dos atuadores sobre o sistema controlado. A saturação, quando presente no sistema, pode levar a uma perda de desempenho e as vezes à instabilidade da planta. Para tratar o problema de saturação é proposto um problema de otimização baseado no projeto de compensadores anti-windup. A abordagem proposta usa a síntese do problema H-infinito para minimizar diretamente os efeitos do sinal de saturação sobre o sinal de desempenho. Finalmente, as formulações são verificadas no controle ativo de vibração sobre um modelo teórico e em uma bancada experimental com uma viga de alumínio engastada-livre. Os métodos mostraram ter bom desempenho garantindo a estabilidade do sistema em malha fechada. Os problemas de otimização são resolvidos usando algoritmos genéticos e alguns aspectos numéricos são discutidos
Abstract: The H-infinity controller synthesis for flexible structures leads to full-order controllers. This can represent difficulties for practical controller implementation arising delay in the system response. To avoid this difficulty, this work presents two reduced order H-infinity controllers synthesis based on output feedback. For this goal, it is formulated two optimization problem to obtain a reduced order controller in its state-space controllable canonical form and state-space modal canonical form. The two proposed synthesis are based on the minimization of the H-infinity norm ensuring the stability of the closed loop system. Another problem considered in this work is related to the effects of saturation of the actuators on the controlled system. The saturation in the system can lead to a performance loss and occasionally to the instability of the plant. An optimization problem based on anti-windup compensator design is proposed to treat this problem. The proposed approach uses the H-infinity controller synthesis to minimize directly the saturation effects on the performance signal. Finally, the formulations are verified in the active control of vibration of a theoretical model and a cantilever aluminium beam is used on an experimental bench. The methods proposed presented good performance in terms of the stability of the closed loop system. The optimization problems are solved using genetic algorithms and some numerical aspects are discussed
Doutorado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Doutora em Engenharia Mecânica
46
Kim, Yootai. "Control of physics-based fluid animation using a velocity-matching method." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1149087881.
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47
Piccirillo, Vinícius [UNESP]. "Dinâmica não linear e controle de um sistema vibratório modelado com memória de forma e, excitado por fontes de energia do tipo ideal e não ideal." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136707.
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000545779.pdf: 2757359 bytes, checksum: 9bbcad089c80aaed637169a9fce58845 (MD5)Este trabalho consiste de três partes, na primeira fez - se o estudo da dinâmica de um oscilador com um grau de liberdade, em que uma massa é conectada a um elemento com memória de forma e um amortecedor, onde o sistema é excitado harmonicamente (sistema ideal). Uma solução analítica para o movimento estacionário do sistema é obtida através da análise de técnicas de perturbações, onde foi utilizado o método das múltiplas escalas. Por intermédio desta solução observa - se fenômenos não lineares através das curvas de resposta em freqüência. Além disso, obtém - se condições de estabilidade para o sistema e condições para a existência de bifurcação do tipo sela - nó. Na segunda parte apresenta - se o estudo do comportamento dinâmico não linear de um oscilador com memória de forma, excitado por uma fonte não ideal - um motor elétrico de corrente contínua, desbalanceado e com potência limitada. Toma - se, um problema cujo modelo matemático representa um sistema simplificado (com característica do motor no regime estacionário). Adota - se a formulação Lagrangeana para gerar as equações de movimento. Os resultados são obtidos através de integrações numéricas das equações de movimento sendo possíveis obter oscilações regulares e irregulares (caóticos), os quais dependem da escolha dos parâmetros do sistema. A solução analítica é obtida utilizando - se o método da média, onde é possível observar fenômenos intrínsecos a sistemas não ideais tais como dependência da freqüência de excitação com relação à amplitude de oscilação da coordenada de movimento do sistema (Efeito Sommerfeld). A terceira parte é dedicada à aplicação de uma técnica de controle linear ótimo para a supressão do movimento caótico tanto do sistema ideal quanto do sistema não ideal, via simulações numéricas.
This work concerns of three parts, in the first we will make the study of the dynamical of a single - degree of freedom oscillator, which consist of a mass connected to a shape memory element and a dashpot, where the system harmonically excited (ideal source). An analytical solution for the system stationary oscillations is obtained by perturbations method, where was used the method of multiple scales. Due to this solution one can observe nonlinear phenomena trough of frequency - response curves. Besides, conditions for the system stability and the existence of saddle - node bifurcations are also obtained. In the second part show the computational and analytical study of the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the SMA oscillator, excited by a non ideal source - an unbalanced direct current electric motor of limited power. A problem whose mathematical model represents a simplified system (the characteristic of the motor in stationary state). It adopts the Lagrange formularization to deducing the equations of motion. Regular and irregular (chaotic) behaviors depend of the physical parameters and can be observed when a numerical integration is performed. The analytical solution is obtained using the averaging method, where due to this solution on can observe typical non-ideal phenomena like the amplitude motion dependency to the frequency of the excitation (Sommerfeld effect). The third part is dedicated to the application and performance of the linear feedback control for the suppressing of the chaotic motion of an ideal and non ideal system, theses systems are numerical studied.
48
Todorov, Marcos Garcia. "Controle H-infinito de sistemas lineares com infinitos saltos Markovianos via realimentação de saída." Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, 2007. http://www.lncc.br/tdmc/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=116.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho trata do problema de controle H-infinito
de uma classe de sistemas lineares com saltos Markovianos
(MJLS) a tempo contínuo, onde a cadeia de Markov toma
valores em um conjunto infinito enumerável. Um bounded real
lemma (que chamamos JBRL) é desenvolvido, estabelecendo que a factibilidade de um conjunto infinito de desigualdades
matriciais lineares (LMIs) interconectadas é necessária e
suficiente para que um dado sistema seja estocasticamente
estável (SS) e atenda a um desempenho H-infinito prescrito.
O problema H-infinito estudado consiste na atenuação do
efeito que perturbações estocásticas de energia finita causam
na saída de um sistema, no pior caso. Neste problema,
conhecido na literatura como "disturbance attenuation" (DA),
assumimos ainda que o controlador somente tem acesso ao
processo de saltos e a uma saída do sistema. Os controladores de interesse devem garantir que tanto a estabilidade (SS) quanto um desempenho H-infinito sejam observados no sistema em malha fechada - donde as condições impostas pelo JBRL são determinantes para a existência de soluções. Um importante aspecto dessa nova abordagem é que ferramentas tão fundamentais quanto o Complemento de Schur ou o Lema da Projeção, p.ex., não podem mais ser usados para manipular os conjuntos de
LMIs infinitamente acopladas - tal dificuldade é contornada
pela introdução de versões estendidas desses resultados, no
início do trabalho. Um dos principais resultados deste trabalho
caracteriza a existência de soluções através de dois problemas LMI complementares, um dos quais torna possível o design computacional de controladores. Por fim, são apresentados algoritmos para a construção prática de controladores, ótimos ou sub-ótimos, dando origem a um conjunto de ferramentas que, especialmente no caso em que a cadeia de Markov é finita, podem ser implementadas computacionalmente de maneira imediata. Mesmo no caso finito, os resultados da tese são mais fortes do que aqueles atualmente encontrados na literatura.
49
Hoang, Trong bien. "Switched observers and input-delay compensation for anti-lock brake systems." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994114.
Full textAbstract:
Many control algorithms for ABS systems have been proposed in the literature since the introduction of this equipment by Bosch in 1978. In general, one can divide these control algorithms into two different types: those based on a regulation logic with wheel acceleration thresholds that are used by most commercial ABS systems; and those based on wheel slip control that are preferred in the large majority of academic algorithms. Each approach has its pros and cons [Shida 2010]. Oversimplifying, one can say that the strength of the first ones is their robustness; while that of the latter ones their short braking distances (on dry grounds) and their absence of limit cycles. At the midpoint of this industry/academy dichotomy, based on the concept of extended braking stiffness (XBS), a quite different class of ABS control strategies has been proposed by several researchers (see, e.g., [Sugai 1999] and [Ono 2003]). This concept combines the advantages from both the industrial and academic approaches. Nevertheless, since the slope of the tyre characteristic is not directly measurable, it introduces the question of real-time XBS estimation. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the study of this estimation problem and to a generalization of the proposed technique to a larger class of systems. From the technological point of view, the design of ABS control systems is highly dependent on the ABS system characteristics and actuator performance. Current ABS control algorithms on passenger cars, for instance the Bosch ABS algorithm, are based on heuristics that are deeply associated to the hydraulic nature of the actuator. An interesting observation is that they seem to work properly only in the presence of a specific delay coming from the hydraulic actuation [Gerard 2012]. For brake systems that have different delays compared to those of hydraulic actuators, like electric in-wheel motors (with a smaller delay) or pneumatic trailer brakes (with a bigger delay), they might be no longer suitable [Miller 2013]. Therefore, adapting standard ABS algorithms to other advanced actuators becomes an imperative goal in the automobile industry. This goal can be reached by the compensation of the delays induced by actuators. The second part of this thesis is focused on this issue, and to the generalization of the proposed technique to a particular class of nonlinear systems. Throughout this thesis, we employ two different linearization techniques: the linearization of the error dynamics in the construction of model-based observers [Krener 1983] and the linearization based on restricted state feedback [Brockett 1979]. The former is one of the simplest ways to build an observer for dynamical systems with output and to analyze its convergence. The main idea is to transform the original nonlinear system via a coordinate change to a special form that admits an observer with a linear error dynamics and thus the observer gains can be easily computed to ensure the observer convergence. The latter is a classical method to control nonlinear systems by converting them into a controllable linear state equation via the cancellation of their nonlinearities. It is worth mentioning that existing results for observer design by error linearization in the literature are only applied to the case of regular time scalings ([Guay 2002] and [Respondek 2004]). The thesis shows how to extend them to the case of singular time scalings. Besides, the thesis combines the classical state feedback linearization with a new method for the input delay compensation to resolve the output tracking problem for restricted feedback linearizable systems with input delays.
50
Bortolin, Daiane Cristina. "Reguladores robustos recursivos para sistemas lineares sujeitos a saltos Markovianos com matrizes de transição incertas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18153/tde-03092018-084228/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tese aborda o problema de regulação para sistemas lineares sujeitos a saltos Markovianos de tempo discreto com matrizes de transição incertas. Considera-se que as incertezas são limitadas em norma e os estados da cadeia de Markov podem não ser completamente observados pelo controlador. No cenário com observação completa dos estados, a solução é deduzida com base em um funcional quadrático dado em termos das probabilidades de transição incertas. Enquanto que no cenário sem observação, a solução é obtida por meio da reformulação do sistema Markoviano como um sistema determinístico, independente da cadeia de Markov. Três modelos são propostos para essa reformulação: um modelo é baseado no primeiro momento do sistema Markoviano, o segundo é obtido a partir da medida de Dirac e resulta em um sistema aumentado, e o terceiro fornece um sistema aumentado singular. Os reguladores recursivos robustos são projetados a partir de critérios de custo quadrático, dados em termos de problemas de otimização restritos. A solução é derivada da técnica de mínimos quadrados regularizados robustos e apresentada em uma estrutura matricial. A recursividade é estabelecida por equações de Riccati, que se assemelham às soluções dos reguladores clássicos, para essa classe de sistemas, quando não estão sujeitos a incertezas.This thesis deals with regulation problem for discrete-time Markovian jump linear systems with uncertain transition matrix. The uncertainties are assumed to be normbounded type. The states of the Markov chain can not be completely observed by the controller. In the scenario with complete observation of the states, the solution is deduced based on a quadratic functional given in terms of uncertain transition probabilities. While in the scenario without observation, the solution is obtained from reformulation of the Markovian system as a deterministic system, independent of the Markov chain. Three models are proposed for the reformulation process: a model is based on the first moment of the Markovian system, the second is obtained from Dirac measure which results in an augmented system, and the third provides a singular augmented system. Recursive robust regulators are designed from quadratic cost criteria given in terms of constrained optimization problems. The solution is derived from the robust regularized least-square approach, whose framework is given in terms of a matrix structure. The recursiveness is established by Riccati equations which resemble the solutions of standard regulators for this class of systems, when they are not subject to uncertainties.