Academic literature on the topic 'Gauge invariant variational approach'

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Journal articles on the topic "Gauge invariant variational approach"

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SOKOŁOWSKI, LESZEK M. "GENERAL RELATIVITY, GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY AND SPIN–TWO FIELD." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 04, no. 01 (February 2007): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887807001904.

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In my lectures I will deal with three seemingly unrelated problems: i) to what extent is general relativity exceptional among metric gravity theories? ii) is it possible to define gravitational energy density applying field–theory approach to gravity? and iii) can a consistent theory of a gravitationally interacting spin–two field be developed at all? The connecting link to them is the concept of a fundamental classical spin–2 field. A linear spin–2 field introduced as a small perturbation of a Ricci–flat spacetime metric, is gauge invariant while its energy–momentum is gauge dependent. Furthermore, when coupled to gravity, the field reveals insurmountable inconsistencies in the resulting equations of motion. After discussing the inconsistencies of any coupling of the linear spin–2 field to gravity, I exhibit the origin of the fact that a gauge invariant field has the variational metric stress tensor which is gauge dependent. I give a general theorem explaining under what conditions a symmetry of a field Lagrangian becomes also the symmetry of the variational stress tensor. It is a conclusion of the theorem that any attempt to define gravitational energy density in the framework of a field theory of gravity must fail. Finally I make a very brief introduction to basic concepts of how a certain kind of a necessarily nonlinear spin–2 field arises in a natural way from vacuum nonlinear metric gravity theories (Lagrangian being any scalar function of Ricci tensor). This specific spin–2 field consistently interacts gravitationally and the theory of the field is promising.
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Tiwari, S. C. "Axion electrodynamics in the duality perspective." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 40 (December 28, 2015): 1550204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315502041.

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Axion electrodynamics is deduced from the local duality invariant electrodynamics (LDIE) with a new perspective on both formalism and the physical interpretation. First, the delicate issue of duality rotation symmetry in the Maxwell action is critically reviewed and the generalized Maxwell field equations invariant under local duality rotation are derived. In the alternative approach, a generalization is made to Sudbery’s pseudo-vector action such that it is local duality invariant. Variational principle is used to derive the Euler–Lagrange equations of motion. The gauge potential for local duality rotation, termed duroton, under the assumption that it is a gradient of the axion field leads to the dual symmetric axion electrodynamics. The absence of the magnetic monopole in Maxwell equations motivates to impose a natural condition to deduce the standard axion electrodynamics. The present derivation offers the possibility for new physical interpretation of the axions and the monopoles.
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ISLAM, M. M., and S. J. PUGLIA. "ANOMALOUS CHIRAL ACTION FROM THE PATH INTEGRAL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 13, no. 04 (February 10, 1998): 523–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x98000226.

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By generalizing the Fujikawa approach, we show in the path integral formalism: (1) how the infinitesimal variation of the fermion measure can be integrated to obtain the full anomalous chiral action; (2) how the action derived in this way can be identified as the Chern–Simons term in five dimensions, if the anomaly is consistent; (3) how the regularization can be carried out, so as to lead to the consistent anomaly and not to the covariant anomaly. We consider a massless left-handed fermion interacting with a non-Abelian gauge field. The gauge field also interacts with a set of Goldstone bosons, so that a gauge-invariant configuration of the gauge field exists. We use Schwinger's "proper time" representation of the Green's function and the guage-invariant point-splitting technique, and find that the consistency requirement and the point-splitting technique allow both an anomalous and a nonanomalous action. In the end, the nature of the vacuum determines whether we have an anomalous theory or a nonanomalous theory.
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Lipatov, Lev N. "Euler-Lagrange equations for high energy effective actions in QCD and in gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 39 (January 2015): 1560082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194515600824.

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We review the theory of the high energy scattering in QCD and gravity based on effective actions local in rapidities of usual and reggeized particles. The Euler-Lagrange equations are constructed with a variational approach for these actions and by using the invariance under the gauge and general coordinate transformations.
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Lipatov, L. N. "Euler-Lagrange equations for the Gribov reggeon calculus in QCD and in gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 28n29 (October 19, 2016): 1645011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16450111.

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The theory of the high energy scattering in QCD and gravity is based on the reggeization of gluons and gravitons, respectively. We discuss the corresponding effective actions for reggeized particle interactions. The Euler-Lagrange equations in these theories are constructed with a variational approach for the effective actions and by using their invariance under the gauge and general coordinate transformations.
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Cremaschini, Claudio, and Massimo Tessarotto. "Manifest Covariant Hamiltonian Theory of General Relativity." Applied Physics Research 8, no. 2 (March 16, 2016): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v8n2p60.

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The problem of formulating a manifest covariant Hamiltonian theory of General Relativity in the presence of source fields is addressed, by extending the so-called “DeDonder-Weyl” formalism to the treatment of classical fields in curved space-time. The theory is based on a synchronous variational principle for the Einstein equation, formulated in terms of superabundant variables. The technique permits one to determine the continuum covariant Hamiltonian structure associated with the Einstein equation. The corresponding continuum Poisson bracket representation is also determined. The theory relies on first-principles, in the sense that the conclusions are reached in the framework of a non-perturbative covariant approach, which allows one to preserve both the 4-scalar nature of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian densities as well as the gauge invariance property of the theory.
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POPOVA, A. D., and A. N. PETROV. "NONLINEAR QUANTUM MECHANICS WITH NONCLASSICAL GRAVITATIONAL SELF-INTERACTION III: RELATED TOPICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, no. 16 (June 30, 1993): 2709–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x93001089.

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Some problems are considered in the framework of general quantum mechanics with gravitational self-interaction constructed earlier. A number of them were analyzed for the stationary situation. Here, the problem of gauge invariance generated by translations which do not violate the 3 + 1 splitting is studied. The notions of position and momentum operators are extended to the general case. The uncertainty relations are obtained for the uncertainty of the Ricci tensor and for uncertainties of the position and momentum of a particle. The correspondence between the stationary and nonstationary cases is examined at the level of variational principles. At least, the one-particle and two-particle problems in the Newtonian–Schrödingerian limit are considered; the latter problem is compared with the standard two-particle quantum problem to demonstrate the advantage of our approach.
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Castrillón, López, and Masqué Muñoz. "Hamiltonian structure of gauge-invariant variational problems." Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 16, no. 1 (2012): 39–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/atmp.2012.v16.n1.a2.

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Kopeikin, Sergei M., Juan Ramirez, Bahram Mashhoon, and Mikhail V. Sazhin. "Cosmological perturbations: a new gauge-invariant approach." Physics Letters A 292, no. 3 (December 2001): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(01)00777-0.

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FERRARIS, MARCO, MAURO FRANCAVIGLIA, MARCELLA PALESE, and EKKEHART WINTERROTH. "GAUGE-NATURAL NOETHER CURRENTS AND CONNECTION FIELDS." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 08, no. 01 (February 2011): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887811005075.

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We study geometric aspects concerned with symmetries and conserved quantities in gauge-natural invariant variational problems and investigate implications of the existence of a reductive split structure associated with canonical Lagrangian conserved quantities on gauge-natural bundles. In particular, we characterize the existence of covariant conserved quantities in terms of principal Cartan connections on gauge-natural prolongations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gauge invariant variational approach"

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Brown, William Elvis. "The development of non-perturbative methods for supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric quantum field theories." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244546.

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Ebadati, Ehsan [Verfasser], and Hugo [Akademischer Betreuer] Reinhardt. "Variational Hamiltonian Approach to the Quark Sector of QCD in Coulomb Gauge / Ehsan Ebadati ; Betreuer: Hugo Reinhardt." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168729246/34.

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Cheng, Sibo. "Error covariance specification and localization in data assimilation with industrial application Background error covariance iterative updating with invariant observation measures for data assimilation A graph clustering approach to localization for adaptive covariance tuning in data assimilation based on state-observation mapping Error covariance tuning in variational data assimilation: application to an operating hydrological model." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST067.

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Les méthodes d’assimilation de données et plus particulièrement les méthodes variationnelles sont mises à profit dans le domaine industriel pour deux grands types d’applications que sont la reconstruction de champ physique et le recalage de paramètres. Une des difficultés de mise en œuvre des algorithmes d’assimilation est que la structure de matrices de covariance d’erreurs, surtout celle d’ébauche, n’est souvent pas ou mal connue. Dans cette thèse, on s’intéresse à la spécification et la localisation de matrices de covariance dans des systèmes multivariés et multidimensionels, et dans un cadre industriel. Dans un premier temps, on cherche à adapter/améliorer notre connaissance sur les covariances d’analyse à l’aide d’un processus itératif. Dans ce but nous avons développé deux nouvelles méthodes itératives pour la construction de matrices de covariance d’erreur d’ébauche. L’efficacité de ces méthodes est montrée numériquement en expériences jumelles avec des erreurs indépendantes ou relatives aux états vrais. On propose ensuite un nouveau concept de localisation pour le diagnostic et l’amélioration des covariances des erreurs. Au lieu de s’appuyer sur une distance spatiale, cette localisation est établie exclusivement à partir de liens entre les variables d’état et les observations. Finalement, on applique une combinaison de ces nouvelles approches et de méthodes plus classiques existantes, pour un modèle hydrologique multivarié développé à EDF. L’assimilation de données est mise en œuvre pour corriger la quantité de précipitation observée afin d’obtenir une meilleure prévision du débit d’une rivière en un point donné
Data assimilation techniques are widely applied in industrial problems of field reconstruction or parameter identification. The error covariance matrices, especially the background matrix in data assimilation are often difficult to specify. In this thesis, we are interested in the specification and localization of covariance matrices in multivariate and multidimensional systems in an industrial context. We propose to improve the covariance specification by iterative processes. Hence, we developed two new iterative methods for background matrix recognition. The power of these methods is demonstrated numerically in twin experiments with independent errors or relative to true states. We then propose a new concept of localization and applied it for error covariance tuning. Instead of relying on spatial distance, this localization is established purely on links between state variables and observations. Finally, we apply these new approaches, together with other classical methods for comparison, to a multivariate hydrological model. Variational assimilation is implemented to correct the observed precipitation in order to obtain a better river flow forecast
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Books on the topic "Gauge invariant variational approach"

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Mercati, Flavio. Best Matching: Technical Details. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789475.003.0005.

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The best matching procedure described in Chapter 4 is equivalent to the introduction of a principal fibre bundle in configuration space. Essentially one introduces a one-dimensional gauge connection on the time axis, which is a representation of the Euclidean group of rotations and translations (or, possibly, the similarity group which includes dilatations). To accommodate temporal relationalism, the variational principle needs to be invariant under reparametrizations. The simplest way to realize this in point–particle mechanics is to use Jacobi’s reformulation of Mapertuis’ principle. The chapter concludes with the relational reformulation of the Newtonian N-body problem (and its scale-invariant variant).
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Sorrentino, Alfonso. The Hamilton-Jacobi Equation and Weak KAM Theory. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691164502.003.0005.

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This chapter describes another interesting approach to the study of invariant sets provided by the so-called weak KAM theory, developed by Albert Fathi. This approach can be considered as the functional analytic counterpart of the variational methods discussed in the previous chapters. The starting point is the relation between KAM tori (or more generally, invariant Lagrangian graphs) and classical solutions and subsolutions of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. It introduces the notion of weak (non-classical) solutions of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation and a special class of subsolutions (critical subsolutions). In particular, it highlights their relation to Aubry–Mather theory.
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Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Superfluidity and Superconductivity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0013.

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Chapter 13 addresses Bose condensation in superfluids (and superconductors), which involves the field operator ψ‎ having a c-number component (<ψ(x,t)>≠0), challenging number conservation. The nonlinear Gross-Pitaevskii equation is derived for this condensate wave function<ψ>=ψ−ψ˜, facilitating identification of the coherence length and the core region of vortex motion. The noncondensate Green’s function G˜1(1,1′)=−i<(ψ˜(1)ψ˜+(1′))+> and the nonvanishing anomalous correlation function F˜∗(2,1′)=−i<(ψ˜+(2)ψ˜+(1′))+> describe the dynamics and elementary excitations of the non-condensate states and are discussed in conjunction with Landau’s criterion for viscosity. Associated concepts of off-diagonal long-range order and the interpretation of <ψ> as a superfluid order parameter are also introduced. Anderson’s Bose-condensed state, as a phase-coherent wave packet superposition of number states, resolves issues of number conservation. Superconductivity involves bound Cooper pairs of electrons capable of Bose condensation and superfluid behavior. Correspondingly, the two-particle Green’s function has a term involving a product of anomalous bound-Cooper-pair condensate wave functions of the type F(1,2)=−i<(ψ(1)ψ(2))+>≠0, such that G2(1,2;1′,2′)=F(1,2)F+(1′,2′)+G˜2(1,2;1′,2′). Here, G˜2 describes the dynamics/excitations of the non-superfluid-condensate states, while nonvanishing F,F+ represent a phase-coherent wave packet superposition of Cooper-pair number states and off-diagonal long range order. Employing this form of G2 in the G1-equation couples the condensed state with the non-condensate excitations. Taken jointly with the dynamical equation for F(1,2), this leads to the Gorkov equations, encompassing the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) energy gap, critical temperature, and Bogoliubov-de Gennes eigenfunction Bogoliubons. Superconductor thermodynamics and critical magnetic field are discussed. For a weak magnetic field, the Gorkov-equations lead to Ginzburg–Landau theory and a nonlinear Schrödinger-like equation for the pair wave function and the associated supercurrent, along with identification of the Cooper pair density. Furthermore, Chapter 13 addresses the apparent lack of gauge invariance of London theory with an elegant variational analysis involving re-gauging the potentials, yielding a manifestly gauge invariant generalization of the London equation. Consistency with the equation of continuity implies the existence of Anderson’s acoustic normal mode, which is supplanted by the plasmon for Coulomb interaction. Type II superconductors and the penetration (and interaction) of quantized magnetic flux lines are also discussed. Finally, Chapter 13 addresses Josephson tunneling between superconductors.
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Book chapters on the topic "Gauge invariant variational approach"

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Haberzettl, H., C. Bennhold, T. Mart, and T. Feuster. "Kaon Photoproduction with Form Factors in a Gauge-invariant Approach." In Few-Body Problems in Physics ’98, 515–18. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6798-4_102.

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Ellis, G. F. R. "The Covariant and Gauge Invariant Approach to Perturbations in Cosmology." In Current Topics in Astrofundamental Physics: The Early Universe, 1–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0095-3_1.

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Ashtekar, Abhay, Jerzy Lewandowski, Donald Marolf, José Mourāo, and Thomas Thiemann. "A manifestly gauge-invariant approach to quantum theories of gauge fields." In Geometry of Constrained Dynamical Systems, 60–86. Cambridge University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511895722.009.

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Salmon, Rick. "Hamiltonian Fluid Dynamics." In Lectures on Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195108088.003.0010.

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In this final chapter, we return to the subject of the first: the fundamental principles of fluid mechanics. In chapter 1, we derived the equations of fluid motion from Hamilton’s principle of stationary action, emphasizing its logical simplicity and the resulting close correspondence between mechanics and thermodynamics. Now we explore the Hamiltonian approach more fully, discovering its other advantages. The most important of these advantages arise from the correspondence between the symmetry properties of the Lagrangian and the conservation laws of the resulting dynamical equations. Therefore, we begin with a very brief introduction to symmetry and conservation laws. Noether’s theorem applies to the equations that arise from variational principles like Hamilton’s principle. According to Noether’s theorem : If a variational principle is invariant to a continuous transformation of its dependent and independent variables, then the equations arising from the variational principle possess a divergence-form conservation law. The invariance property is also called a symmetry property. Thus Noether’s theorem connects symmetry properties and conservation laws. We shall neither state nor prove the general form of Noether’s theorem; to do so would require a lengthy digression on continuous groups. Instead we illustrate the connection between symmetry and conservation laws with a series of increasingly complex and important examples. These examples convey the flavor of the general theory. Our first example is very simple. Consider a body of mass m moving in one dimension. The body is attached to the end of a spring with spring-constant K. Let x(t) be the displacement of the body from its location when the spring is unstretched.
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Conference papers on the topic "Gauge invariant variational approach"

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Palese, M., E. Winterroth, Piotr Kielanowski, S. Twareque Ali, Anatol Odzijewicz, Martin Schlichenmaier, and Theodore Voronov. "Invariant Variational Problems and Cartan Connections on Gauge-Natural Bundles." In XXVIII WORKSHOP ON GEOMETRICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3275588.

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Reinhardt, H., D. Campagnari, and M. Quandt. "Variational approach to QCD in Coulomb gauge." In CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON THERMOPHYSICS 2019 (CEST). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5114154.

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HABERZETTL, H., K. NAKAYAMA, and S. KREWALD. "GAUGE-INVARIANT APPROACH TO MESON PHOTOPRODUCTION INCLUDING THE FINAL-STATE INTERACTION." In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812773333_0006.

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Ślęczka, Marcin, and Adam Bechler. "Interaction of atomic systems with strong and short pulses: a new type of gauge invariant approach." In 18th Czech-Polish-Slovak Optical Conference on Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics, edited by Jan Peřina, Libor Nozka, Miroslav Hrabovský, Dagmar Senderáková, Waclaw Urbańczyk, and Ondrej Haderka. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2009811.

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KONDO, KEI-ICHI. "A GAUGE-INVARIANT MECHANISM FOR QUARK CONFINEMENT AND A NEW APPROACH TO THE MASS GAP PROBLEM." In Proceedings of the 2006 International Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812790750_0009.

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Perreira, N. Duke. "Utilizing the Effort/Motion Approach in the Simulation of Interconnected Rigid Body Systems." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dac-3850.

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Abstract The effort/motion approach has been developed for use in designing, simulating and controlling multibody systems. Some aspects of each of these topics are discussed here. In the effort/motion formulation two sets of equations based on the orthogonal projections of a dimensional gauge invariant form of Newton’s Second Law occur. The projections are onto the normal and tangent directions of a dimensional gauge invariant constraint surface. The paper shows how these equations are obtained for a particular linkage with redundant effort and motion actuation. Two alternative Runga-Kutta based approaches for numerical simulation of the effort/motion equations are developed and applied in simulating the motion and determining the effort generated in the example linkage under various conditions. Oscillation about equilibrium positions, solutions with constant motion and with constant effort are given as examples of the approach.
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Liu, Xiaofeng, Bo Hu, Linghao Jin, Xu Han, Fangxu Xing, Jinsong Ouyang, Jun Lu, Georges El Fakhri, and Jonghye Woo. "Domain Generalization under Conditional and Label Shifts via Variational Bayesian Inference." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/122.

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In this work, we propose a domain generalization (DG) approach to learn on several labeled source domains and transfer knowledge to a target domain that is inaccessible in training. Considering the inherent conditional and label shifts, we would expect the alignment of p(x|y) and p(y). However, the widely used domain invariant feature learning (IFL) methods relies on aligning the marginal concept shift w.r.t. p(x), which rests on an unrealistic assumption that p(y) is invariant across domains. We thereby propose a novel variational Bayesian inference framework to enforce the conditional distribution alignment w.r.t. p(x|y) via the prior distribution matching in a latent space, which also takes the marginal label shift w.r.t. p(y) into consideration with the posterior alignment. Extensive experiments on various benchmarks demonstrate that our framework is robust to the label shift and the cross-domain accuracy is significantly improved, thereby achieving superior performance over the conventional IFL counterparts.
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Park, Frank C. "A Geometric Framework for Optimal Surface Design." In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0171.

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Abstract We present a Riemannian geometric framework for variational approaches to geometric design. Optimal surface design is regarded as a special case of the more general problem of finding a minimum distortion mapping between Riemannian manifolds. This geometric approach emphasizes the coordinate-invariant aspects of the problem, and engineering constraints are naturally embedded by selecting a suitable metric in the physical space. In this context we also present an engineering application of the theory of harmonic maps.
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