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1
Stevano, Joseph A. Air pumps at U.S. gas stations: An investigation into factors associated with gauge accuracy. [Washington, D.C.]: National Center for Statistics and Analysis, Research and Development, 2002.
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Stevano, Joseph A. Air pumps at U.S. gas stations: An investigation into factors associated with gauge accuracy. [Washington, D.C.]: National Center for Statistics and Analysis, Research and Development, 2002.
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3
Leslie, Lynn D. Alaska Over-The-Horizon Backscatter Radar System: Climate factors analysis : a search for a gauge of bird collision potential. Anchorage, Alaska: University of Alaska, Arctic Environmental Information and Data Center, 1988.
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Skinner, John V. Model-B sediment-concentration gage: Factors influencing its readings and a formula for correcting its errors. St. Paul, Minn: U.S. Army Engineer District, 1989.
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5
Broadberry, Stephen N., Claire Giordano, and Francesco Zollino. Productivity. Edited by Gianni Toniolo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199936694.013.0007.
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Italy's economic growth over its 150 years of unified history did not occur at a steady pace, nor was it balanced across sectors. Relying on an entirely new input (labor and capital) database, this chapter evaluates the different labor productivity growth trends within the Italian economy's sectors, as well as the contribution of structural change to productivity growth. Italy's performance is then set in an international context: a comparison of sectoral labor productivity growth rates and levels within a selected sample of countries (United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Japan, India) allows us to better time, quantify, and gauge the causes of Italy's catching-up process and subsequent more recent slowdown. Finally, the paper analyzes the proximate sources of Italy's growth, relative to the other countries, in a standard growth accounting framework, in an attempt also to disentangle the contribution of both total factor productivity growth and capital deepening to the country's labor productivity dynamics.
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Stevano, Joseph A. Air Pumps at U.s. Gas Stations: An Investigation into Factors Associated With Gauge Accuracy. Diane Pub Co, 2002.
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7
Mercati, Flavio. Relativity Without Relativity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789475.003.0007.
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This chapter describes the program, dubbed ‘Relativity without Relativity’, of deriving all the fundamental accepted facts at the basis of modern field theory from relational principles. A best-matching action based on Jacobi’s principle is in fact sufficient to derive the universality of the light cone (Special Relativity), the correct form of Maxwell’s action and its gauge invariance, as well as the Yang–Mills theory. Faraday is credited with the introduction of the concept of field in physics. He found it extremely useful, in particular for the description of magnetic phenomena, to use the concept of lines of force (1830s).
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Barthelmes, Jens, and Isabella Sudano. Cardiovascular response to mental stress. Edited by Guido Grassi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0027.
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Mental stress, intrinsically subjective, lacks clear operationalization by any universally accepted gauge in routine clinical practice. There is not even an accepted single conceptualization of mental stress as opposed to the classic risk factors measured by, for example, resting blood pressure or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among others. Yet, the link between psychosocial stress and cardiovascular events is a century-old intuition substantiated by many studies. Likely, mental stress affects cardiovascular health over the whole course of at-risk-stage up to cardiovascular events. This chapter discusses the major pathophysiologic effects of mental stress on cardiovascular pathogenesis.
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Warner, Rebecca. Attracting the Family Market. Edited by Robert Gordon and Olaf Jubin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988747.013.26.
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The musical aimed at the family market is an important part of the landscape of the British musical. This paper seeks to explore some of the key characteristics that can make a musical appeal to a hybrid, cross-generational audience. By employing Tony Graham’s five-step gauge for considering the suitability of particular works for capturing a child’s interest as a framework, the essay explores the musicals Honk!, Mary Poppins, Matilda, and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory as case studies. Special attention is paid to ideas of imagination, transcendence, and the use of a universal topic to appeal to the family market.
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O’Neal, M. Angela. Ringing in the Ears and Pain in the Head. Edited by Angela O’Neal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190609917.003.0015.
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The case illustrates the classic clinical features of a low-pressure headache. The pathophysiology results from the loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This causes sagging of the brain, stretching of the bridging veins, and venodilatation. The clinical history is of a headache that is worse in the upright position and remits when the patient is supine. Due to the connection of the perilymphatic fluid and CSF, postural tinnitus is a frequent symptom. Risk factors for low-pressure headache include those that are patient-specific: female sex, low body mass index, prior history of a low-pressure headache, and an underlying headache disorder. Operator-specific factors that decrease the risk of a postdural puncture headache (PDPH) include greater operator experience and the use of a smaller-gauge, non-cutting lumbar puncture needle. The best treatment for low-pressure headache is a blood patch with resolution in over 90% of low-pressure headaches.
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Mercati, Flavio. Hamiltonian Formulation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789475.003.0006.
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The Hamiltonian formulation of relational particle dynamics unveils its equivalence with modern gauge theory, which admits exactly the same canonical formulation. Both are constrained Hamiltonian systems with nonhonolomic constraints, for which Dirac’s analysis, made popular by his lectures, is necessary. Dirac’s analysis is briefly summarized in this chapter for readers unfamiliar with it. The Hamiltonian formulation of the kind of systems we’re interested in is nontrivial. In fact the standard formulation fails to be predictive, precisely because of the relational nature of our dynamics.
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Walter, James. “No Loans for Ladies”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783848.003.0003.
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The government of Australian prime minister Julia Gillard (2010–2013) presented attributes conventionally thought to be conducive to the acquisition of political capital—delivery on policy commitments, effective coalition building, competence in government, courage in adversity, approval and loyalty from those most closely engaged with her—but it never gained traction in the quest for electoral capital. What, exactly, was behind this denial of credit? This chapter discusses numerous propositions offered to explain Gillard’s failure in the context of debates about political capital to gauge how “elusive capital” might be explained. Analyzing a paradoxical case underlines the need for caution and nuance. The chapter concludes that standardized registers of leadership attributes/capacities must be carefully related to exogenous factors (country-specific scenarios and the issues of context, political culture, and historical timing they manifest) in attempts to operationalize leadership capital measures.
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Lee, Bandy X., and Grace Lee. Cultural Issues in Geriatric Forensic Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374656.003.0029.
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Cultural competence is an essential skill for the geriatric forensic psychiatrist. Much of psychiatry and the law is “culture-bound,” favoring individual-centered analyses over consideration of social and cultural context. While this has worked reasonably well for relatively homogeneous, dominant cultures within Western (i.e., North American or European) societies, it is growing less viable as populations grow more pluralistic with widely variable means of organizing the world and their place in it. Furthermore, not only does culture shape meaning and significance for the individual, it determines the causes, manifestations, and final course of many major psychiatric disorders. Therefore, in order properly to assess a person’s state of mind in competency or criminal responsibility cases, to evaluate the likelihood of restorability, to explain mitigating factors, or to gauge the appropriateness of treatment programs, cultural considerations must come into play. This chapter discusses the elements of cultural competence and its practice, through case vignettes, and how this can translate into choice and resilience for the client, especially the elderly individual.
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Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. The classical scalar field. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0027.
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This chapter explains some of the properties of scalar fields, which are paradigmatic in relativistic field theory. It also shows how a complex scalar field can confer an effective mass to a ‘gauge’ field. The chapter first provides the Klein–Gordon equation derived from the Euler–Lagrange equations outlined in the previous chapter. It then illustrates the Fourier transform of a free field, before embarking on further discussions on complex fields, charge, and symmetry breaking. Finally, this chapter considers that the fact that global symmetry breaking leads to the appearance of a massless, and therefore long-range, scalar field is problematic because such a field is not observed experimentally. It thus takes a look at the BEH mechanism (named after its inventors, Robert Brout, François Englert, and Peter Higgs), which can make it ‘disappear’.
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Jerven, Morten. Economic Growth. Edited by John Parker and Richard Reid. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199572472.013.0022.
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The study of long-term growth in Africa has recently been invigorated by the work of economists. To date, this literature has been motivated by explaining a divergence of income and has focused on finding persistent factors that can explain a chronic failure of growth in Africa. This chapter reviews some periods of economic growth in the past two centuries, and suggests that there must be more to learn from studying these periods of economic change and accumulation, particularly because they were accompanied by significant changes in institutions, or how the economy and the society was organized. The African economic history literature does emphasize dynamism—as opposed to persistence, and diversity in outcomes across time and space—in contrast to the average stagnation that has prompted the economic literature. In sum, there is more to learn from studying the history of economic growth in the African past than can be gauged from a search for a root cause of African economic underdevelopment.
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Paech, Michael J., and Patchareya Nivatpumin. Postdural puncture headache. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0027.
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Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) may follow either deliberate or unintentional (accidental) penetration of the interdigitating meninges, the dura and arachnoid mater. It is one of the most common and clinically important complications of regional anaesthesia and analgesia in the obstetric population. The headache develops as a consequence of cerebrospinal fluid loss, low intracranial pressure and cerebrovascular changes in the upright position and can prove debilitating. The diagnosis is clinical, making thorough assessment and regular review all the more important, to revise treatment plans, exclude rare serious pathology such as subdural haematoma, and avoid misdiagnosis. This chapter reviews the pathophysiology, incidence, risk factors (needle, technical and patient related), features, natural history, diagnosis, and management of PDPH. High level evidence supports prevention by using small gauge, non-cutting spinal needles, but other preventative strategies against either unintentional dural puncture or PDPH are poorly supported. The absent or poor efficacy of measures such as bed rest, hydration, cerebral vasoconstrictor therapy, epidural or intrathecal saline injection, intrathecal catheter placement or prophylactic epidural blood patch, is noted. Validation of better evidence supporting epidural morphine or intravenous cosyntropin is required. Symptomatic treatment of PDPH is also unreliable. Very limited evidence that requires substantiation supports a modest benefit from caffeine, gabapentinoids or intravenous hydrocortisone. The intervention of epidural blood patch is highly likely to relieve post-spinal PDPH, but only completely resolves epidural needle-induced PDPH in 30–50% of cases. Much detail about EBP remains undetermined, but delayed intervention and injection of approximately 20 mL of autologous blood appear appropriate.
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Luedtke, Adam. Public Opinion in Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Migration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.284.
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Ethnicity, nationalism, and migration are popular topics in many academic disciplines, but research on public opinion in these areas has suffered from a lack of good data, disciplinary fragmentation, and a dearth of studies that engage one another. This is evident in the case of public opinion survey research undertaken in the world’s hotspots of ethnic conflict. As a result, ethnic conflict scholars have had to rely on proxy measures or indirect studies to test “opinion” towards ethnicity and nationalism in the developing world. In the developed world, however, there is more to work with in terms of opinion measurements. A prominent example is the European Union’s “Eurobarometer” surveys, which gauge attachment to and identification with “Europe” and the individual nation. Research on national identity and ethnic conflict has often been the starting point for theories of public opinion regarding immigration. A common finding is that there is a weak connection (if any) between opinion and policy on the immigration issue. Several areas need to be addressed as far as research is concerned. For example, the picture of xenophobic hostility in rich countries must be understood in a context of general changes in word migration patterns, with some emerging economies also experiencing high levels of immigration, and concurrent anti-immigrant public opinion. Two shortcomings of the literature also deserve closer attention: a focus on developing-to-developed country migration; and a lack of analyses that combine push and pull factors, to measure their relative causal weight in terms of bilateral immigration flows.
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Wenzel, Andrea. Community-Centered Journalism. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043307.001.0001.
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In A Case for Community-Centered Journalism: Solutions, Engagement, Trust, Andrea Wenzel maps out a process model for building trust—not just in journalism, but between different sectors of communities. She details how, in many communities, residents gauge trust in news not only based on factors like accuracy and credibility, but also based on how these are intertwined with the perceived motives of news media, and whether outlets are seen to represent communities respectfully. For this reason, Wenzel contends that more local journalism alone is not enough. Rather, she argues that a different kind of local journalism is needed—a community-centered journalism that is solutions-oriented and that engages and shares power with community stakeholders. Through a series of case studies across the U.S., in urban, suburban, and rural communities, Wenzel uses a communication infrastructure theory framework to explore how local journalism interventions attempt to strengthen relationships between residents, community organizations, and local media. She examines the boundary challenges to dominant journalistic practices and norms that arise from place-based interventions to build relationships of trust. Mindful of dynamics of race, class, place, and power, Wenzel recommends a process that is portable – rather than scalable -- that centers on community stakeholders, and is shaped as much by local assets as by needs. She argues that if they shift away from a model that puts journalists at the center and marginalized communities on the periphery, engaged journalism and solutions journalism have the potential to strengthen not just journalism, but the communication health of communities.
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Ramsaran, Dave, and Linden F. Lewis. Caribbean Masala. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496818041.001.0001.
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In 1833, the abolition of slavery in the British Empire led to the import of exploited South Asian indentured workers in the Caribbean under extreme oppression. This book concentrates on the Indian descendants' processes of mixing, assimilating, and adapting while trying desperately to hold on to that which marks a group of people as distinct. In some ways, the lived experience of the Indian community in Guyana and Trinidad represents a cultural contradiction of belonging and non-belonging. In other parts of the Caribbean, people of Indian descent seem so absorbed by the more dominant African culture and through intermarriage that Indo-Caribbean heritage seems less central. The book lays out a context within which to develop a broader view of Indians in Guyana and Trinidad, a numerical majority in both countries. They address issues of race and ethnicity but move beyond these familiar aspects to track such factors as ritual, gender, family, and daily life. The book gauges not only an unrelenting process of assimilative creolization on these descendants of India, but also the resilience of this culture in the face of modernization and globalization.