Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gastrointestinal system

Academic literature on the topic 'Gastrointestinal system'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Gastrointestinal system.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Gastrointestinal system"

1

O'Hanlon-Nichols, Theresa. "Gastrointestinal System." American Journal of Nursing 98, no. 4 (April 1998): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199804000-00039.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

&NA;. "Gastrointestinal system." Current Opinion in Critical Care 2, no. 2 (April 1996): B43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00075198-199604000-00015.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

&NA;. "Gastrointestinal system." Current Opinion in Critical Care 2, no. 2 (April 1996): B43—B50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00075198-199604000-00016.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

&NA;. "Gastrointestinal system." Current Opinion in Critical Care 3, no. 2 (April 1997): B50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00075198-199704000-00015.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Pogson, Rachel. "Gastrointestinal system." Journal of Paramedic Practice 12, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2020.12.9.1.

Full text
Abstract:
The clinical examination is an important part of any patient consultation. After the primary survey and taking the patient history, a more in-depth examination is sometimes required to aid making a working diagnosis and help negate other differential diagnoses. The extent of this depends on the stability of the patient and may not be possible in time-critical circumstances. However, clinical examination is an increasing part of paramedic practice owing to the continued expansion of the scope of the paramedic role in both urgent and emergency care. Education on clinical examination concerning each of the main body systems is now an integral part of undergraduate paramedic curricula. This clinical examination series provides a step-by-step overview for each of the main body systems. Continuing professional development (CPD) is an essential requirement for all clinicians to maintain and to demonstrate that they are staying up to date and advancing in their roles. This series gives an overview of each type of examination to support students, newly qualified paramedics and paramedics wishing to use these articles as a CPD development activity and an aide-memoire for clinical practice. This article, which explores the the gastrointestinal system, gives an overview of initial examination considerations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Cheng, Leo K., Gregory O'Grady, Peng Du, John U. Egbuji, John A. Windsor, and Andrew J. Pullan. "Gastrointestinal system." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine 2, no. 1 (January 2010): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

D, Kirkik. "Covid-19 Infection and Gastrointestinal System." Gastroenterology & Hepatology International Journal 7, no. 1 (March 4, 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ghij-16000194.

Full text
Abstract:
A pneumonia outbreak of unknown etiology and pathology spread to the whole world in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and this outbreak is called as COVID-19. COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and it can cause various clinical pictures such as respiratory, enteric, hepatic, nephrotic, and neurological involvement in humans and animals. This outbreak has caused the death of millions of people. Vaccination studies have continued today, and vaccination of all humanity may take a long time. The best prophylactic approach to reduce the severity of such viral diseases is to enhance human host immunity. We will summarize effects of COVID-19 infection on the gastrointestinal system and we will remark the importance of probiotics in this manuscript.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Peate, Ian. "The gastrointestinal system." British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 15, no. 3 (April 2, 2021): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2021.15.3.132.

Full text
Abstract:
The gastrointestinal system is sometimes known as the digestive system or the alimentary canal. It is around 10m in length, travelling the length of the body; it begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. The main function of the digestive system is to convert food from what is eaten into a form that can be used by the cells of the body to enable them to perform their functions. This article offers readers an overview of the structure and function of the gastrointestinal system. Understanding the gastrointestinal system can help to provide care to a range of people in a range of environments, across the life span in a safe and effective way. The article includes a glossary of terms, along with a short quiz that is designed to test understanding and to aid recall.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Whitcomb, David. "The Gastrointestinal System: Gastrointestinal, Nutritional and Hepatobiliary Physiology." Gastroenterology 148, no. 3 (March 2015): 659–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2015.01.022.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Goldsmith, David R., and Greg L. Plosker. "Doxazosin Gastrointestinal Therapeutic System." Drugs 65, no. 14 (2005): 2037–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200565140-00008.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gastrointestinal system"

1

Bennett, Ethelle. "Functional gastrointestinal disorders relations between psychosocial factors, symptoms and sensorimotor disturbance /." Connect to full text, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/410.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)-- University of Sydney, 1999.
Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 21, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Depts. of Psychological Medicine and Medicine. Includes tables. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ababio, Frank James Kweku. "The endocannabinoid system in inflammatory bowel system." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020338.

Full text
Abstract:
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) constitute the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which are disorders of chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract that are associated with significant morbidity and socioeconomic burden. IBD patients with long-standing intestinal inflammation are more prone to developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Until now, none of the existing IBD treatments is able to heal the mucosal ulcerations satisfactorily. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), which comprises of endogenous cannabinoid ligands, their receptors, and metabolic enzymes, has been implicated in gut homeostasis, visceral sensation, inflammation and gastrointestinal motility. Available studies in rodent models of IBD suggest that enhancing the ECS tone may reduce inflammation and improve mucosal integrity. This evidence indicates that the components of the ECS seem well positioned to exert a protective role in IBD and also to offer a great opportunity for therapeutic exploitation. Despite the role of the ECS in the gut, the presence and function of the components of the ECS is not well characterised in human IBD. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the state of the major components of the ECS in human IBD and to establish whether IBD is associated with any changes of the components of the ECS. Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, enzymes for endocannabinoid biosynthesis PLC, “LRAT”, NAPE-PLD and DAGL, and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes FAAH and MAGL were analysed from colonic tissue samples of CD, UC and control patients by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to determine the relative mRNA expression of the above genes. The RT-qPCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of PLC, LRAT, and NAPE-PLD were unchanged in both CD and UC, whiles DAGL mRNA was decreased in UC but was unchanged in CD. The endocannabinoid degradation enzymes, FAAH mRNA expression was also unchanged in CD but decreased in UC, whereas the mRNA expression of MAGL was significantly decreased in both CD and UC. NAPE-PLD/FAAH and DAGL/MAGL ratios, an estimation of the balance of AEA and 2-AG levels, showed that AEA and 2-AG levels could be increased and unchanged, respectively, in IBD. The mRNA expression of CB1 was significantly decreased in CD and UC whilst CB2 mRNA expression was unchanged in both forms of IBD. The study demonstrated that the components of the ECS which were investigated were present in colonic tissues of both IBD patients and healthy individuals, but they appear to be off balance in CD and UC patients. The decreased CB1 receptors in IBD patients could be an important modifier in the disease and could also provide a possible pathoaetiological mechanism linking IBD and CRC. Although these findings look promising, more studies with larger sample size are required to characterise the components of the ECS in human IBD.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Andrews, Jane Mary. "Relationships between motor and sensory function in the proximal gut, appetite, & nutrients in healthy human subjects." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha567.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
Bibliography: leaves 206-251. The motor and sensory interactions between nutrients and proximal gut in humans are not well understood, despite the pivotal importance of these interactions on appetite, absorption and thus, nutrition. In part, this lack of knowledge results from technical difficulties in studying motor function in the human gut. In particular, the inability to continuously measure intraluminal flow with any degree of temporal resolution, has impeded progress in this field. The studies described in this thesis focus on nutrient-gut interactions, and also on the development of novel methodologies aimed at advancing the understanding and interpretation of the relationships between intraluminal pressures and flows.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Stevenson, Diane J. "P2X7, inflammation and gastrointestinal disease." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28897/.

Full text
Abstract:
The inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are characterised by spontaneously relapsing and remitting inflammation, associated with increased mucosal levels of the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1)β. IL-1β processing and release is mediated by ATP stimulation of the purine receptor, P2X7. P2X7 is a membrane ion channel highly expressed in immune cells. Signal transduction occurs via rapid cation exchange, plasma membrane depolarisation and increased intracellular calcium. Additionally, prolonged or repeated P2X7 stimulation leads to formation of a non-selective membrane pore permeable to small molecules, and ultimately to cell death. The aim of this project was to investigate the properties of the P2X7 receptor in mononuclear cells, to show that it is associated with IL-1β release in the colon, and that this release can be modified by P2X7 antagonists. Studies of ethidium bromide uptake, a functional assay, showed that P2X7 receptors are present on LPMCs and displayed properties similar to those of PBMCs and THP-1 cells. P2X7 receptor-stimulation released mature IL-1β from LPMCs in a dose-dependent manner that, in IBD patients, matched the severity of their inflammation, and could be markedly reduced by P2X7 antagonists. P2X7 stimulation also results in increased exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outer cell membrane (PS flip), often considered to be a marker of apoptotic cell death. P2X7-stimulated PS flip however is reversible and is not associated with cell death following brief stimulation times. Cell death caused by longer stimulation did not have features of apoptosis, was more evident in monocytes than lymphocytes, with LPMCs being less susceptible than PBMCs and THP-1 cells. These studies have shown that the P2X7 receptor is intimately involved in the release of IL-1β from human colonic mononuclear cells, that the release is greater in cells from IBD tissue and can be markedly inhibited by P2X7 antagonists.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Njuguna, Peter. "Studies on the manipulation of gastrointestinal tract bacteria." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060719.125402/index.html.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Brauns, Seth Clint Aron. "Physiological and non-physiological induction of gastrointestinal differentiation." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015521.

Full text
Abstract:
The human colonic carcinoma cell lines HT-29 and Caco-2 both exhibit structural and functional differentiation under appropriate culture conditions. HT-29 can be induced to differentiate by treatment with short-chain fatty acids or acetoacetate. Caco-2 cells differentiate spontaneously upon contact inhibition. In this study HT-29 cells were treated with 5 mM acetate, propionate, butyrate and acetoacetate (physiological inducers) to assess their effects on the expression of carbonic anhydrase 1, sucrase-isomaltase and alkaline phosphatase which are reported to be markers of gastrointestinal differentiation. The maturation induction observed was compared to that of the spontaneous differentiation observed in Caco-2 cells. Assays were performed over an 18 day period. Results showed a close correlation (p < 0.05) between HT-29 and Caco-2 cell on days 4 and 12. These results indicate that differentiation reported in both cell lines is comparable and can be used as a basis for further comparative studies. In addition, parallel experiments to the above were conducted using a selection of nine rationally designed cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) potential drug entities which were chosen as non-physiological inducers. The results showed that the cyclic dipeptides were able to induce the gastrointestinal phenotype as observed in HT-29 cells treated with physiological inducers. Studies on the effects of energy-related metabolism in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells as induced by physiological and non-physiological inducers indicated that energy metabolism is a significant role player in gastrointestinal differentiation. The results reported show a decrease in ATP concentrations indicating that the cyclic dipeptides, like physiological inducers, affect the energy state of the HT-29 cells and thus may effect the differentiation of these cells. A positive correlation was found between histone phsophorylation and differentiation confirming that histone phsophorylation was partly responsible for the decrease in ATP concentrations. It is suggested that the induction of differentiation in HT- 29 cells could be either due to non-specific transcription of genes by activation of a chromatin switch or specific by the activation of signal transduction pathways based on the flux of ATP through the cells. Differential display RT-PCR is probably the most sensitive method that could be used to validate the suggestion of either a nonspecific transcription of genes or a specific differentiation reported for HT-29 cells.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Karling, Pontus. "The emotional motor system and gastrointestinal symptoms." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1802.

Full text
Abstract:
There is a significant comorbidity between anxiety/depression and functional gastrointestinal syndromes, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia. The pathophysiological link between emotions and the gut is not known. A model of an emotional motor system (EMS) which reacts to interoceptive and exteroceptive stress has been proposed. EMS consists of specific brain structures including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus and mediates their communication to the rest of the body (including the gastrointestinal tract) through the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and by a pain modulation system. The aim of this thesis was to test the EMS model by studying the relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression and IBS-like symptoms in patients with recurrent unipolar depression, in patients with IBS and in a sample of a normal Swedish population. The peripheral limb of EMS (ANS, HPA axis and the pain modulations system) was tested in patients with IBS and control subjects. Spectral heart rate variability was used to investigate ANS function in patients with refractory IBS and in healthy controls. The HPA axis function was tested by a weight adjusted low dose dexamethasone suppression test in control subjects. The influence of catecholamine degradation on pain modulation was tested by analyzing val158met catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) polymorphism in patients with IBS and in control subjects. We found a significant relationship between symptoms of anxiety/depression and IBS-like symptoms in patients with recurrent unipolar depression, in patients with IBS and in a sample of the normal population. Interestingly, patients with recurrent unipolar depression in remission had no more IBS-like symptoms than controls, indicating that the gastrointestinal symptoms may resolve when depression is treated to remission. Patients with IBS have an increased mid-frequency power in rest and in supine position (after tilt test) compared to healthy controls indicating an increased sympathetic ANS drive. The symptoms of diarrhea and early satiety has in the litterature been associated to the stimulation of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) receptors and was also in our study related to HPA axis function tested by a low dose dexamethasone test. Interestingly both hypo- and hyperfunction of the HPA axis was related to these symptoms in control subjects. The val158met COMT polymorphism was associated to IBS-like symptoms. Control subjects with IBS-like symptoms (defined by the upper quartile in total GSRS-IBS score) had a higher frequency of the met/met and a significantly lower frequency of the val/met genotype. Also patients with IBS tended to have a lower frequency of the heterozygous val/met genotype so we conclude that this genotype may be protective against IBS/IBS like symptoms. In addition, the val/val genotype in patients with IBS was associated to diarrhea symptoms. Conclusions: Our results support the model of an emotional motor system in the genesis of functional gastrointestinal symptoms by the finding of the association of IBS-like symptoms and mood disturbances, and by finding alterations in the peripheral limbs of EMS (ANS, HPA axis and catecholamines) in subjects with IBS and IBS-like symptoms.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Crooks, Colin J. "The epidemiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13394/.

Full text
Abstract:
Background There have been many conflicting changes in the prevalence of the risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and therefore it is not clear what the current trends in mortality or incidence are, nor which factors are important in driving these trends. As populations in many countries are ageing with an increasing burden of co-morbidity, this thesis investigates whether the relationship between non gastrointestinal co-morbidity and upper gastrointestinal bleeding might be an explanation for current trends. I hypothesised that non gastrointestinal co-morbidity was responsible for a large proportion of bleeds in the population and the deaths that occur following a bleed. Methodology Large scale routine population based data records were used to assess the current incidence and mortality trends of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in England, as well as more in depth studies of predictors of its occurrence and subsequent mortality. The databases were examined and compared to external sources to assess their representativeness, and methods for defining cases in linked primary and secondary care were developed. The specific questions addressed in the studies were: 1. What are the current trends and variations in occurrence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding? Incidence rates and adjusted incidence rate ratios were calculated by quintiles of socioeconomic status, age group, sex, region, and calendar year. 2. Has there been an improvement in 30 day mortality following upper gastrointestinal bleeding? A nested case control study using Hospital Episodes Statistics from England 1999-2007 examined mortality trends by age, sex, co-morbidity and type of bleed. 3. Does non gastrointestinal co-morbidity predict upper gastrointestinal bleeding? A matched nested case control study used the linked Hospital Episodes Statistics and General Practice Research Database to examine non gastrointestinal co-morbidity as a risk factor adjusted for other known risk factors for bleeding. Sequential population attributable fractions were calculated to estimate what each risk factor contributed to the disease burden. 4. What are the excess causes of death following upper gastrointestinal bleeding? Causes of death by ICD 10 category were extracted following a bleed from the linked Office for National Statistics death register. Crude mortality rates and excess cumulative incidence functions were calculated; the latter adjusted for the competing risks between different causes of death. Results 1. A higher incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was observed in the north of England, but this variation was dwarfed by the variation associated with deprivation. Areas of greater deprivation had 2-3 fold higher rates of hospitalisation for upper gastrointestinal bleeding than areas of less deprivation suggesting that strong modifiable risk factors exist. 2. Over the last decade there was a 20% improvement in 28 day mortality following upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and those admitted with bleeding were increasingly older and had more co-morbidity. 3. A combined measure of non gastrointestinal co-morbidity was a significant independent predictor of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and explained a greater proportion of the burden of bleeding (19%) than any other risk factor in the population, including medications such as aspirin and NSAIDs. 4. More than half the absolute excess risk of death was due to co-morbidity not related to the upper gastrointestinal tract. Conclusions Non gastrointestinal co-morbidity both strongly predicts an event of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and is responsible for a large proportion of the subsequent long term mortality. The magnitude of the association in the population explains both why its incidence had not decreased, and why the improvements in mortality were observed irrespective of endoscopic management or bleed type. Furthermore a bleed can be an indicator for a re-assessment of the severity of co-existing non gastrointestinal morbidity.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Flachsenberger, Wolfgang Arthur. "Studies on the peristaltic reflex /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf571.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Yip, Bon-ham. "Immunoglobulin gene translocations in gastric lymphoma." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37345321.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Gastrointestinal system"

1

J, Naftalin Richard, ed. Gastrointestinal system. London: Arnold, 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Rusheng, Chew, ed. Gastrointestinal system. 4th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2013.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Leung, Po Sing, ed. The Gastrointestinal System. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8771-0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

G, Schultz Stanley, Rauner Brenda B, Wood Jack D, and American Physiological Society (1887- ), eds. The Gastrointestinal system. Bethesda, Md: American Physiological Society, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

1939-, Fromm David, ed. Gastrointestinal surgery. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

1942-, Johnson Leonard R., ed. Gastrointestinal physiology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

D, Halpert Robert. Gastrointestinal radiology. 2nd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

I, Mackie R., White Bryan A. 1954-, and Isaacson Richard E. 1947-, eds. Gastrointestinal microbiology. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

S, Davison J., ed. Gastrointestinal secretion. London: Wright, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Chandrasoma, Para. Gastrointestinal pathology. Stamford, Conn: Appleton & Lange, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Gastrointestinal system"

1

Nagaratnam, Nages, Kujan Nagaratnam, and Gary Cheuk. "Gastrointestinal System." In Diseases in the Elderly, 53–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25787-7_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Klingensmith, William C. "Gastrointestinal System." In The Mathematics and Biology of the Biodistribution of Radiopharmaceuticals - A Clinical Perspective, 187–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26704-3_15.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Berry, Colin L., and Jean W. Keeling. "Gastrointestinal System." In Paediatric Pathology, 195–255. London: Springer London, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3337-7_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Caon, Martin. "Gastrointestinal System." In Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology, 195–225. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75599-1_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Caon, Martin. "Gastrointestinal System." In Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology, 243–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47314-3_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Scudamore, Cheryl L. "Gastrointestinal system." In A Practical Guide to the Histology of the Mouse, 43–61. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118789568.ch3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Stollfuss, Jens, and Paul Hellerhoff. "Gastrointestinal System." In Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 825–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44037-7_28.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Bungay, Helen, and Dipanjali Mondal. "Gastrointestinal System." In Pitfalls in Diagnostic Radiology, 401–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44169-5_16.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Munsterman, Amelia. "Gastrointestinal system." In Nutritional Management of Equine Diseases and Special Cases, 9–50. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119191926.ch3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Hodgson, Shirley V., William D. Foulkes, Charis Eng, and Eamonn R. Maher. "Gastrointestinal System." In A Practical Guide to Human Cancer Genetics, 47–87. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2375-0_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Gastrointestinal system"

1

Lee, Q. J., W. P. Park, D. Lim, D. G. Woo, C. Y. Ko, D. H. Lee, Y. H. Lee, H. S. Kim, H. R. Yoon, and T. M. Shin. "Ultrasonic System for Diagnosis of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Development, Verification and Clinical Trials." In ASME 2007 2nd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2007-38030.

Full text
Abstract:
The number of people who are suffering from Functional gastrointestinal disorders is increasing. There are, however, rare diagnostic methods for the functional gastrointestinal disorders because functional disorders show no evidence of organic and physical causes [1, 2]. Recently our research group identified that the gastrointestinal tract well in the patients with the functional gastrointestinal disorders is more rigid than healthy people. we noticed it with palpating the abdominal regions overlaying the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore we developed a system to detect the rigid organs with ultrasonic technique, which can quantify the characteristic above related to the rigidity of the gastrointestinal tract well.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Mabotuwana, T. D. S., L. K. Cheng, N. P. Smith, and A. J. Pullan. "Modeling Blood Flow in the Gastrointestinal System." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260192.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Mabotuwana, T. D. S., L. K. Cheng, N. P. Smith, and A. J. Pullan. "Modeling Blood Flow in the Gastrointestinal System." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4397777.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Bhuvaneswari, P. T. V., S. Nilamani, S. Praveen Kumar, and G. Prudvi Rajeswar. "Design of Diagnostic System for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders." In 2012 4th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cicn.2012.92.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Nadeau, Valerie, Miles J. Padgett, Jacqueline Hewett, Wilson Sibbett, Khaled Hamdan, Sami Mohammed, Iain Tait, and Alfred Cushieri. "Compact endoscopic fluorescence detection system for gastrointestinal cancers." In BiOS 2001 The International Symposium on Biomedical Optics, edited by Thomas J. Dougherty. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.424440.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Riegler, Michael, Konstantin Pogorelov, Jonas Markussen, Mathias Lux, Håkon Kvale Stensland, Thomas de Lange, Carsten Griwodz, et al. "Computer aided disease detection system for gastrointestinal examinations." In MMSys'16: Multimedia Systems Conference 2016. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2910017.2910629.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Low, S. C., S. W. Tang, Z. M. Thant, L. Phee, K. Y. Ho, and S. C. Chung. "Master-Slave Robotic System for Therapeutic Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.259233.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Low, S. C., S. W. Tang, Z. M. Thant, L. Phee, K. Y. Ho, and S. C. Chung. "Master-Slave Robotic System for Therapeutic Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4398289.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Pogorelov, Konstantin, Sigrun Losada Eskeland, Thomas de Lange, Carsten Griwodz, Kristin Ranheim Randel, Håkon Kvale Stensland, Duc-Tien Dang-Nguyen, et al. "A Holistic Multimedia System for Gastrointestinal Tract Disease Detection." In MMSys'17: Multimedia Systems Conference 2017. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3083187.3083189.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Fujii, Masashi, and Katsuya Kondo. "Development of Operation Recording System of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Procedures." In 2022 IEEE 4th Global Conference on Life Sciences and Technologies (LifeTech). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lifetech53646.2022.9754960.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Gastrointestinal system"

1

Yu, Miao, Hong Yu, and Jianrong Li. Effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine enema in the recovery of gastrointestinal function in the abdominal surgical treatment of digestive system diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.6.0039.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ni, Jiachun, Qiong Jiang, Gang Mao, Yi Yang, Qin Wei, Changcheng Hou, Xiangdong Yang, Wenbin Fan, and Zengjin Cai. The effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for constipation associated with Parkinson’s disease: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0091.

Full text
Abstract:
Review question / Objective: Is acupuncture a safe and effective therapy for constipation associated with Parkinson’s disease? Our aim is to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for constipation associated with PD and give guidance to future research direction. Condition being studied: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent degenerative disease of nervous system characterized mainly by static tremor, bradykinesia, myotonia, postural gait disorders and other non-motor symptoms. According to variations on race, ethnicity, age and sex, the incidence of PD ranges from 8 to 20.5 per 100, 000 individuals annually. One global research shows that there were 6.1 million individuals suffer from PD in 2016 and will be 12 million patients around the world. According to several outcomes of case-control studies, the prevalence of constipation in PD varies from 28% to 61%. Constipation, as a common gastrointestinal disease which refers to the clinical presentation of reduced spontaneous complete bowel movement, dyschezia, feeling of incomplete defecation and outlet obstruction, is demonstrated to antedate the motor symptom and it's severity is related to the progression of PD. Acupuncture has been proved to act on the pathogenesis of constipation associated with PD. The proposed systematic review we're about to present is the first advanced evidence-based medical evidence in this area.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

WANG, MIN, Sheng Chen, Changqing Zhong, Tao Zhang, Yongxing Xu, Hongyuan Guo, Xiaoying Wang, Shuai Zhang, Yan Chen, and Lianyong Li. Diagnosis using artificial intelligence based on the endocytoscopic observation of the gastrointestinal tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis. InPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0096.

Full text
Abstract:
Review question / Objective: With the development of endoscopic techniques, several diagnostic endoscopy methods are available for the diagnosis of malignant lesions, including magnified pigmented endoscopy and narrow band imaging (NBI).The main goal of endoscopy is to achieve the real-time diagnostic evaluation of the tissue, allowing an accurate assessment comparable to histopathological diagnosis based on structural and cellular heterogeneity to significantly improve the diagnostic rate for cancerous tissues. Endocytoscopy (ECS) is based on ultrahigh magnification endoscopy and has been applied to endoscopy to achieve microscopic observation of gastrointestinal (GI) cells through tissue staining, thus allowing the differentiation of cancerous and noncancerous tissues in real time.To date, ECS observation has been applied to the diagnosis of oesophageal, gastric and colorectal tumours and has shown high sensitivity and specificity.Despite the highly accurate diagnostic capability of this method, the interpretation of the results is highly dependent on the operator's skill level, and it is difficult to train all endoscopists to master all methods quickly. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnostic systems have been widely recognized for their high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of GI tumours under general endoscopy. Few studies have explored on ECS for endoscopic tumour identification, and even fewer have explored ECS-based AI in the endoscopic identification of GI tumours, all of which have reached different conclusions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the value of ECS-based AI in detecting GI tumour to provide evidence for its clinical application.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Mizrach, Amos, Sydney L. Spahr, Ephraim Maltz, Michael R. Murphy, Zeev Schmilovitch, Jan E. Novakofski, Uri M. Peiper, et al. Ultrasonic Body Condition Measurements for Computerized Dairy Management Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568109.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The body condition (BC) score is recognized in the dairy industry as an essential tool for managing the energy reserves of the dairy cow, which is essential for sustaining optimal and efficient production over several lactations. The current use of BC scoring depends on the accuracy of subjective visual estimates, and this limits its kusefulness as a management aid in the dairy industry. A measuring tool that would frequently provide objective data on the cow's body reserves would be a major contribution to efficient dairy herd management. Ultrasonic sensors have the potential to be developed into an efficient BC measuring device, and the experimental use of such sensors for subcutaneous fat thickness (SDFT) estimates, as an indication for BC in beef cattle, supports this assumption. The purposes of this project were: 1. To compare visual BC scoring and ultrasonic fat thickness with on-line automated body weight (BW) measurements as monitors of nutritional adequacy of dairy cows at various stages of lactation. 2. To determine the effects of variation in digestive fill in early and late lactation on the accuracy of body weight measurements in lactating cows. 3. To modify an existing ultrasonic system and develop a specialized, low-cost sensor for repeatable determination of body condition scores by users with minimal training and skill. 4. To develop a standard for the assignment of body condition scores based on ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness. The procedure to execute these objectives involved: 1. Frequent measurement of BW, milk yield (MY), BC (visually scored) and subdermal fat thickness ultrasonically measured of dairy cows, and data analysis on average and individual basis. 2. Testing and selection of an appropriate special-purpose sensor, finding an optimum body location for working an ultrasonic measurement, prcessing the signals obtained, and correlating the resulting measurements with performance responses in lactating cows. Linking the ultrasonic signals to BC scores, and developing a BC scoring data acquisition system are the first steps towards fulfilling the necessary requirements for incorporating this device into an existing dairy herd management system, in order to provide the industry with a powerful managment tool. From the results obtained we could conclude that: 1. BC does not correlate with BW changes during all stages of lactation, although in general terms it does. These results were confirmed by individual cow BW and BC data obtained during the course of lactation, that were supported by individual objective ultrasonic measurement of SDFT. 2. BW changes reflect energy metabolism reliably ony after peak milk yield; early in lactation, a decrease in BW expresses mobilization of body reserves only qualitatively, and not quantitatively. 3. Gastrointestinal content increases throughout the whole period during which dry matter intake (DMI) increases. The drastic increase very early in lactation prevents the use of BW changes as a basis for quantitative estimatio of energy meatabolism; at this stage of lactation, konly a BC score or any other direct measurements willl provide a quantitative estimate of energy metabolism. 4. Ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness can be used to quantify changes that correlate with the actual condition of the cow, as assessed by performance and the traditional way of scoring. 5. To find the best site on the cow's body at which to obtain responses to BC and its changes in the course of lactation, additional sites have to be examined. From the present study, it seems that the sites between ribs 12 and 13 have the potential for this purpose. 6. The use of templates made it easier to repeat measurements at a desired site and spot. However, the convenient easy-to-handle way to standardize the measurement, described in this study, koffers scope for improvement. 7. The RF peak values of the A-mode are better indicators of the location of fat layer borders than image analysis, from the point of view of future commercial development. 8. The distances between the RF peaks of the A-mode can be automatically measured by suitable software, for future commercial development. 9. Proper analysis of daily body weight and milk yield data can provide the necessary information on body condition changes during lactation, until a direct BC measurement device is developed. 10. In any case, at least one visual BC assessment has to be done, preferably immediately after calving, for calibration purposes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Jones, Sara, Rebecca Ellis, Susan Dvorak, Abbie Dolling, Tara McNamara, Daisy Bradford, Amy Brown, et al. Exploring the safety of at home powdered formula preparation. Food Standards Agency, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.zhk828.

Full text
Abstract:
Infant formula is a breastmilk substitute fed to babies when mums are unable or do not want to breastfeed. In the UK, almost three quarters of babies will have consumed infant formula by six weeks of age, and almost all will have by six months (McAndrew et al., 2012). Formula fed babies are at greater risk of gastrointestinal infections than breastfed babies because breastfeeding is protective against infections as it helps babies’ immune systems develop, and because bottles of formula are at risk of bacterial contamination. Bacterial contamination is thought to occur in two ways; first, powdered infant formula (PIF) is not sterile and can contain harmful bacteria, including Salmonella and Cronobacter if not prepared properly (Crawley, Westland & Sibson, 2022), and second, bottles and teats are vulnerable to contamination during preparation (Redmond et al., 2009; Cho et al., 2019). It is estimated that in the UK over 3,000 babies end up in hospital each year, and a further 10,000 are reviewed by GPs, due to gastrointestinal infections which may be attributed to formula feeding (Renfrew et al., 2012). NHS (2019) guidance states that PIF must be mixed with water at a temperature of 70o Celsius (oC) or greater, to kill any bacteria which may be present in the PIF. The use of boiled water from a kettle cooled to at least 70oC is recommended, which is then mixed with the PIF before allowing it to cool further before feeding. This should be repeated every time a bottle is needed to ensure the formula is safe. Bacteria can survive and multiply in formula, even if it is stored in a fridge. NHS guidance also contains steps to minimise contamination of baby feeding equipment, including washing hands, disinfecting preparation surfaces, and washing and sterilising all baby feeding equipment. However, research shows many parents do not carry out all these steps, and a third of parents do not feel confident about preparing PIF (Brown, Jones and Evans, 2020). Furthermore, there has been an increase in UK parents using formula preparation machines and their efficacy has not yet been sufficiently investigated.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Dong, Yi, LiJia Liu, Jianing Liu, Tianqi Liao, Jieru Zhou, and Huaien Bu. Incidences of Adverse Reactions in BNT162b2: A Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0043.

Full text
Abstract:
Review question / Objective: This study searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase Electronics, and other databases to collect healthy adults aged 16 and older, subjects with no previous history of COVID-19 infection, A randomized controlled trial of Pfizer's vaccine BNT162b2 versus placebo. Using RevMan5.4 software, meta-analysis was conducted to compare the effects of injection of BNT162b2 and placebo on the incidence of adverse reactions in healthy adults over 16 years of age. Main indexes include total incidence of adverse reactions, the incidence of local adverse reactions at the injection site (including red hot accessories), the incidence of systemic adverse reactions, including fever, headache, rash, urticaria, joint pain, muscle pain, gastrointestinal tract reaction, fatigue, cough, etc.), death rate, so as to provide a reference for clinical practice. Information sources: The following electronic databases will be searched from January 2020 to November 2021: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase Electronics. In addition, reference lists of the included studies were manually searched to identify additional relevant studies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Lamont, Susan J., E. Dan Heller, and Avigdor Cahaner. Prediction of Immunocompetence and Resistance to Disease by Using Molecular Markers of the Major Histocompatibility Complex. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568780.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
This project utilized two live-animal populations in an integrated research program to identify molecular markers for immune response and disease resistance. The populations each had their foundation from meat-type commercial breeder chicken lines of their respective countries. Investigations effectively used unique availability of resources in each country to study commercial-type environments in Israel and line-crosses with diverse inbred lines in the US. Two bacterial systems were investigated to cover both respiratory and gastrointestinal, and primary and secondary, infections. Individual experimental groups of animals were evaluated for combinations of vaccine antibody levels, response to pathogen challenge, growth parameters, genetic background and molecular markers. The positive association of antibody level with resistance to disease was confirmed. Effectiveness of genetic selection for vaccine antibody response level was demonstrated. Molecular markers, both inside and outside the MHC region, were associated with antibody response and resistance to disease. Markers were shown to have a generalized effect, by association with multiple traits of immune response and disease resistance. The impact of genetic background on marker effect was shown to be important. The overall results demonstrate the effectiveness of selection on vaccine antibody response and the potential of molecular marker-assisted selection to improve efficiency of production of meat-type chickens by reducing genetic susceptibility to disease.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Yahav, Shlomo, John McMurtry, and Isaac Plavnik. Thermotolerance Acquisition in Broiler Chickens by Temperature Conditioning Early in Life. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7580676.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The research on thermotolerance acquisition in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life was focused on the following objectives: a. To determine the optimal timing and temperature for inducing the thermotolerance, conditioning processes and to define its duration during the first week of life in the broiler chick. b. To investigate the response of skeletal muscle tissue and the gastrointestinal tract to thermal conditioning. This objective was added during the research, to understand the mechanisms related to compensatory growth. c. To evaluate the effect of early thermo conditioning on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during 3 phases: (1) conditioning, (2) compensatory growth, (3) heat challenge. d. To investigate how induction of improved thermotolerance impacts on metabolic fuel and the hormones regulating growth and metabolism. Recent decades have seen significant development in the genetic selection of the meat-type fowl (i.e., broiler chickens); leading to rapid growth and increased feed efficiency, providing the poultry industry with heavy chickens in relatively short growth periods. Such development necessitates parallel increases in the size of visceral systems such as the cardiovascular and the respiratory ones. However, inferior development of such major systems has led to a relatively low capability to balance energy expenditure under extreme conditions. Thus, acute exposure of chickens to extreme conditions (i.e., heat spells) has resulted in major economic losses. Birds are homeotherms, and as such, they are able to maintain their body temperature within a narrow range. To sustain thermal tolerance and avoid the deleterious consequences of thermal stresses, a direct response is elicited: the rapid thermal shock response - thermal conditioning. This technique of temperature conditioning takes advantage of the immaturity of the temperature regulation mechanism in young chicks during their first week of life. Development of this mechanism involves sympathetic neural activity, integration of thermal infom1ation in the hypothalamus, and buildup of the body-to-brain temperature difference, so that the potential for thermotolerance can be incorporated into the developing thermoregulation mechanisms. Thermal conditioning is a unique management tool, which most likely involves hypothalamic them1oregulatory threshold changes that enable chickens, within certain limits, to cope with acute exposure to unexpected hot spells. Short-tem1 exposure to heat stress during the first week of life (37.5+1°C; 70-80% rh; for 24 h at 3 days of age) resulted in growth retardation followed immediately by compensatory growth" which resulted in complete compensation for the loss of weight gain, so that the conditioned chickens achieved higher body weight than that of the controls at 42 days of age. The compensatory growth was partially explained by its dramatic positive effect on the proliferation of muscle satellite cells which are necessary for further muscle hypertrophy. By its significant effect of the morphology and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract during and after using thermal conditioning. The significant effect of thermal conditioning on the chicken thermoregulation was found to be associated with a reduction in heat production and evaporative heat loss, and with an increase in sensible heat loss. It was further accompanied by changes in hormones regulating growth and metabolism These physiological responses may result from possible alterations in PO/AH gene expression patterns (14-3-3e), suggesting a more efficient mechanism to cope with heat stress. Understanding the physiological mechanisms behind thermal conditioning step us forward to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the PO/AH response, and response of other major organs. The thermal conditioning technique is used now in many countries including Israel, South Korea, Australia, France" Ecuador, China and some places in the USA. The improvement in growth perfom1ance (50-190 g/chicken) and thermotolerance as a result of postnatal thermal conditioning, may initiate a dramatic improvement in the economy of broiler's production.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Parsons, Helen M. Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer260.

Full text
Abstract:
Objective. To understand the evidence base for nutrition interventions delivered prior to or during cancer treatment for preventing and treating negative cancer and cancer treatment–related outcomes among individuals with or at risk for malnutrition. The primary purpose was to inform the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pathways to Prevention workshop Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes, held July 26–28, 2022. Data sources. We searched Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify studies from 2000 through July 2022. We conducted grey literature searches to identify additional resources relevant to the associated costs or value (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) of nutrition interventions. Review methods. The review was guided by a set of Key Questions established by the NIH planning committee for the Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes workshop. We searched for studies that evaluated a broad range of nutrition interventions (e.g., dietary supplements, nutrition support, nutrition counseling) for preventing and treating negative outcomes of cancer and cancer-related treatment. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with enrollment ≥50 participants. We extracted basic study information from all eligible studies, then grouped studies by broad intervention and cancer types. We provide a detailed evidence map for all included studies, but conducted risk of bias and additional qualitative descriptions of outcomes for only those intervention and cancer types with a larger volume of literature. Results. We identified 9,798 unique references, with 206 studies from 219 publications reporting RCTs of nutrition interventions to potentially improve negative outcomes of cancer and cancer-related treatment. Two decades of randomized trial evidence on nutrition interventions for adults prior to and/or during cancer treatment primarily focused on dietary supplements, nutrition support (including oral nutrition supplements), and the route or timing of nutrition interventions for gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers in the inpatient setting. Most studies evaluated changes in body weight/composition, adverse events, length of hospital stay, and quality of life. Few studies were conducted within the U.S. setting. Among intervention and cancer types with a high volume of literature (n=114), which predominantly included studies in dietary supplements and nutrition support in gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers, 11 percent (n=12) were rated as low risk of bias (higher quality), 40 percent (n=46) medium risk of bias, and 49 percent (n=56) high risk of bias (lower quality). Low and medium risk-of-bias studies reported mixed results on the effect of nutrition interventions across cancer and treatment-related outcomes. Although the evidence map shows a large volume of studies evaluating nutrition interventions and outcomes, these studies showed high heterogeneity across study populations, interventions, and outcomes (measure definitions, timing of measurements), even within nutrition intervention categories; as a result, we could not aggregate results. While studies enrolled individuals from multiple cancer types, treatments, and stages, across the lifespan, with varying degrees of muscle wasting, and in those with a range of comorbid conditions, no eligible studies specifically evaluated whether the effects of nutrition interventions on preventing negative outcomes varied across these characteristics. Among studies included in our Key Questions, we found that few (4%, n=8) published cost or value (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) information related to the intervention. In our grey literature search of additional studies examining cost or value of nutrition interventions, we found few studies that conducted cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analyses; among those that did, we found the studies were conducted in non-U.S. health systems and demonstrated mixed results on the value of nutrition interventions. Conclusions. Although overall RCT evidence focused on a wide range of nutrition interventions, studies were concentrated in use of dietary supplements, nutrition support, and the route or timing of nutrition interventions within gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers in inpatient settings. Among interventions with the highest volume of literature, the majority of studies were rated as high risk of bias. Our findings point to the need for rigorous new research to bolster the evidence base. Specifically, the field needs a more detailed future evaluation of a subset of nutrition interventions contained in this evidence map that focuses on priorities most relevant to specific stakeholders (e.g., oncologists, patients, dietitians, researchers, policymakers). Further, studies should be specifically designed to evaluate the main outcomes of interest for clinical practice. Future research would also benefit from creation of standardized taxonomies for interventions and outcomes as well as more rigorous design and reporting of nutrition interventions. As mentioned, heterogeneity of populations, interventions, comparators, and outcomes precluded aggregation. Currently, the quality and heterogeneity of the studies limit translation of findings into clinical practice or guidelines. In order to inform development of these guidelines, coordinated efforts are required to develop detailed conceptual frameworks for mechanisms of nutrition interventions most relevant to clinical care providers and patients. Such frameworks would help inform priorities for future research as well as guide practice and policy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Newman-Toker, David E., Susan M. Peterson, Shervin Badihian, Ahmed Hassoon, Najlla Nassery, Donna Parizadeh, Lisa M. Wilson, et al. Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer258.

Full text
Abstract:
Objectives. Diagnostic errors are a known patient safety concern across all clinical settings, including the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review to determine the most frequent diseases and clinical presentations associated with diagnostic errors (and resulting harms) in the ED, measure error and harm frequency, as well as assess causal factors. Methods. We searched PubMed®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), and Embase® from January 2000 through September 2021. We included research studies and targeted grey literature reporting diagnostic errors or misdiagnosis-related harms in EDs in the United States or other developed countries with ED care deemed comparable by a technical expert panel. We applied standard definitions for diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis-related harms (adverse events), and serious harms (permanent disability or death). Preventability was determined by original study authors or differences in harms across groups. Two reviewers independently screened search results for eligibility; serially extracted data regarding common diseases, error/harm rates, and causes/risk factors; and independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. We synthesized results for each question and extrapolated U.S. estimates. We present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) or plausible range (PR) bounds, as appropriate. Results. We identified 19,127 citations and included 279 studies. The top 15 clinical conditions associated with serious misdiagnosis-related harms (accounting for 68% [95% CI 66 to 71] of serious harms) were (1) stroke, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) aortic aneurysm and dissection, (4) spinal cord compression and injury, (5) venous thromboembolism, (6/7 – tie) meningitis and encephalitis, (6/7 – tie) sepsis, (8) lung cancer, (9) traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, (10) arterial thromboembolism, (11) spinal and intracranial abscess, (12) cardiac arrhythmia, (13) pneumonia, (14) gastrointestinal perforation and rupture, and (15) intestinal obstruction. Average disease-specific error rates ranged from 1.5 percent (myocardial infarction) to 56 percent (spinal abscess), with additional variation by clinical presentation (e.g., missed stroke average 17%, but 4% for weakness and 40% for dizziness/vertigo). There was also wide, superimposed variation by hospital (e.g., missed myocardial infarction 0% to 29% across hospitals within a single study). An estimated 5.7 percent (95% CI 4.4 to 7.1) of all ED visits had at least one diagnostic error. Estimated preventable adverse event rates were as follows: any harm severity (2.0%, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), any serious harms (0.3%, PR 0.1 to 0.7), and deaths (0.2%, PR 0.1 to 0.4). While most disease-specific error rates derived from mainly U.S.-based studies, overall error and harm rates were derived from three prospective studies conducted outside the United States (in Canada, Spain, and Switzerland, with combined n=1,758). If overall rates are generalizable to all U.S. ED visits (130 million, 95% CI 116 to 144), this would translate to 7.4 million (PR 5.1 to 10.2) ED diagnostic errors annually; 2.6 million (PR 1.1 to 5.2) diagnostic adverse events with preventable harms; and 371,000 (PR 142,000 to 909,000) serious misdiagnosis-related harms, including more than 100,000 permanent, high-severity disabilities and 250,000 deaths. Although errors were often multifactorial, 89 percent (95% CI 88 to 90) of diagnostic error malpractice claims involved failures of clinical decision-making or judgment, regardless of the underlying disease present. Key process failures were errors in diagnostic assessment, test ordering, and test interpretation. Most often these were attributed to inadequate knowledge, skills, or reasoning, particularly in “atypical” or otherwise subtle case presentations. Limitations included use of malpractice claims and incident reports for distribution of diseases leading to serious harms, reliance on a small number of non-U.S. studies for overall (disease-agnostic) diagnostic error and harm rates, and methodologic variability across studies in measuring disease-specific rates, determining preventability, and assessing causal factors. Conclusions. Although estimated ED error rates are low (and comparable to those found in other clinical settings), the number of patients potentially impacted is large. Not all diagnostic errors or harms are preventable, but wide variability in diagnostic error rates across diseases, symptoms, and hospitals suggests improvement is possible. With 130 million U.S. ED visits, estimated rates for diagnostic error (5.7%), misdiagnosis-related harms (2.0%), and serious misdiagnosis-related harms (0.3%) could translate to more than 7 million errors, 2.5 million harms, and 350,000 patients suffering potentially preventable permanent disability or death. Over two-thirds of serious harms are attributable to just 15 diseases and linked to cognitive errors, particularly in cases with “atypical” manifestations. Scalable solutions to enhance bedside diagnostic processes are needed, and these should target the most commonly misdiagnosed clinical presentations of key diseases causing serious harms. New studies should confirm overall rates are representative of current U.S.-based ED practice and focus on identified evidence gaps (errors among common diseases with lower-severity harms, pediatric ED errors and harms, dynamic systems factors such as overcrowding, and false positives). Policy changes to consider based on this review include: (1) standardizing measurement and research results reporting to maximize comparability of measures of diagnostic error and misdiagnosis-related harms; (2) creating a National Diagnostic Performance Dashboard to track performance; and (3) using multiple policy levers (e.g., research funding, public accountability, payment reforms) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of solutions to address this critically important patient safety concern.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Gastrointestinal system' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography