Journal articles: 'Gastroinestinal'

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Dainiak, Chris. "Differential Diagnosis in Gastroinestinal Endoscopy." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 38, no. 1 (January 2004): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004836-200401000-00031.

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Nicholson, M. L., and D. P. Fossard. "Lower gastroinestinal bleeding Letter 2." British Journal of Surgery 76, no. 5 (May 1989): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800760539.

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Rainsford, K. D. "Report on the Third International Symposium on Gastroinestinal Cytoprotection." Inflammopharmacology 1, no. 3 (September 1992): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02735373.

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Wu, Roger, and Leonard Baidoo. "Common Presenting Patterns in Patients with Upper Gastroinestinal Crohnʼs Disease." American Journal of Gastroenterology 103 (September 2008): S419. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-200809001-01072.

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Abu-Sbeih, Hamzah, Tenglong Tang, David M. Richards, Pablo Okhuysen, and Yinghong Wang. "1090 – Gastroinestinal Symptoms Observed After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy." Gastroenterology 156, no. 6 (May 2019): S—231—S—232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(19)37375-5.

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Bellutti, Michael, Lucia C. Fry, Klaus MöNkemüLler, Helmut Neumann, and Peter Malfertheiner. "Frequency of Non-Small Bowel Etiologies of Obscure Gastroinestinal Bleeding in Patients Referred for Double Balloon Enteroscopy." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 67, no. 5 (April 2008): AB270—AB271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.03.749.

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ARI, Derya, Çağdaş ERDOĞAN, Mahmut YÜKSEL, Bayram YEŞİL, Dilara TURAN GÖKÇE, Ferhat BACAKSIZ, and Ertuğrul KAYAÇETİN. "Using the Charlson comorbidity index as a prognostic factor of lower gastrointestinal system bleeding: the experience of a tertiary center." Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 5, no. 6 (October 25, 2022): 1752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1178982.

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Introduction: Lesions in the gastroinestinal (GI) tract that are distal to the Treitz ligament are what cause the lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGB) system. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), mortality rates, length of hospital stays, need for intensive care, need for blood products, and surgical rates in patients with acute LGB. Material and Method: Retrospective research was done on patients who had lower GI bleeding and had been seen in our gastroenterology clinic between 2015 and 2021. We looked into the impact of CCI on patients' follow-up after LGB. Results: The mean age of the 210 patients who had lower GI bleeding was 67.70±13.67 years. For all of the patients, the median CCI value was 4.00. (2.00-5.00). While 16 study participants (group 1) passed away, 194 participants (group 2) were released from the hospital. The variance in the median CCI values between the two groups was statistically significant (p>0.001). The results of a multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CCI was a reliable predictor of mortality (p>0.001). Conclusion: It was found that CCI was an accurate predictor of mortality. CCI ought to be regarded as a crucial factor in the treatment of patients who are bleeding from their lower gastrointestinal tract.

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Nusbaum, Moreye. "Gastroinestinal angiography, 3rd edition. By Stewart Reputer, Helen C. Redman and Kyung Jae Cho. 480 pp. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: W. B. saunders Company, 1986. $47.95." Hepatology 7, no. 4 (July 1987): 798–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840070440.

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Dobanovacki, Dusanka, Smiljana Marinkovic, Radoica Jokic, Dragana Zivkovic, Danica Stanic-Canji, and Vladimir Borisev. "Urogenital abnormalities and atresia of the gastrointestinal tract." Medical review 58, no. 5-6 (2005): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0506271d.

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Introduction. The goal of the study was to investigate the frequency of urogenital congenital abnormalities among atresias of the digestive system and analyze fetal maldevelopment. The study also deals with gastrointestinal and urogenital embryology. Material and methods. This retrospektive study analyzed the clinical status of 55 new-borns admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Clinic in Novi Sad due to atresia of the gastrointestinal tract during 1995-2003. All atresias were classified at primordial gut levels (foregut, midgut and hindgut). The incidence of associated abnormalities, especially urogenital, was analyzed. Diagnostic procedures included standard methods: clinical investigation, ultrasound, native and contrast medium radiography, etc. Results. Results showed that urogenital anomalies were present in 21 (38.18%) newborns with gastrointestinal atresia. Foregut atresia was diagnosed in 14 newborns and it was associated with urogenital congenital anomalies in 9 (64.28%) newborns. Midgut atresias were found in 15 patients and in 4 (22.22%) they were associated with urogenital anomalies. Hindgut atresias were established in 23 and in 8 (34.78%) cases they were associated with urogenital anomalies. Discussion and conclusions. It was confirmed that foregut atresias are commonly accompanied by associated abnormalities. That is why the fourth gestational week is important when both gastroinestinal and urogenital systems are developed. When midgut differentiates into its own derivates, the frequency of congenital anomalies decreases for a short period, and then increases again during foregut development (seventh and eighth gestational weeks). There were no information on environmental teratogenic factors in maternal history. These abnormalities may be explained by complex urorectal development and separation of two systems. .

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Goenka, Mahesh K., Shivaraj Afzalpurkar, Uday C. Ghoshal, Nalini Guda, and Nageshwar Reddy. "Impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in India: a cross-sectional study." Endoscopy International Open 08, no. 07 (June 18, 2020): E974—E979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1181-8391.

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Abstract Background and study aims Gastrointestinal endoscopy, being an aerosol-generating procedure, has the potential to transmit Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the current pandemic. Adequate knowledge is the key to prevention. A survey, perhaps the first, was conducted among Indian endoscopists to assess the impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 on gastroinestinal endoscopy practice in the country. Methods From April 24 to 28, 2020, an electronic survey (using Google Form) was conducted with 23 questions (single or multiple answers) on: (1) endoscopy practice before the pandemic; (2) knowledge about COVID-19; and (3) its impact on endoscopy practice. Results Responses were received from 375 of 1205 (31.1 %) endoscopists. Most (35.7 %) were young (31–40 years), practicing in corporate multi-speciality hospitals (44.6 %) or independent practice set-up (17.7 %) in metropolitan cities (55.6 %) and urban areas (42.3 %). In most units (75.4 %), fewer than 10 % of procedures performed are endoscopies, as compared to before the pandemic. A reduction in volume of endoscopy related to restriction of the routine procedures by the latest guideline was reported by 86.9 % of respondents. Most are using N95 masks (74.7 %) and/or complete personal protective equipment (PPE, 49.2 %) during endoscopic procedures. Only 18.3 % of respondents had access to negative pressure rooms either within (5.4 %) or outside (12.9 %) the usual endoscopy suite. Conclusion Endoscopy units in India are performing fewer than 10 % of their usual volumes due to current restrictions. Resources to follow current international guidelines, including use of negative pressure rooms and PPE, are limited. Alternate measures are needed to keep up the services.

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Tessema, Mulusew Yemiru, Zewdu Birhanu Wubneh, and Assefa Belay Asrie. "Laxative Activities of 80% Methanolic Extract of the Leaves of Grewia ferruginea Hochst Ex A Rich in Mice." Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine 25 (January 1, 2020): 2515690X2092692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515690x20926922.

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Background. There are numerous medicinal plants including the leaves of Grewia ferruginea used as traditional medicine for the treatment of constipation. This study was conducted to evaluate the laxative activity of the leaves of G ferruginea. Methods. The laxative activity of the leaves of G ferruginea was tested using 3 models: laxative activity, gastrointestinal motility, and gastrointestinal secretion tests. The effect of the plant extract on mean number of feces, fecal water content, ratio of intestinal distance traveled by the charcoal meal and intestinal fluid accumulation were evaluated and analyzed. Results. Significant increase was observed in the mean weight of wet fecal matter at 200 (1.00 ± 0.03 g, P < .05) and 400 mg/kg (1.01 ± 0.02 g, P < .01), relative to loperamide constipated negative control group. Similarly, percent fecal water content was significantly improved in extract treated groups at 100 mg/kg (52.10% ± 2.04%, P < .05), 200 mg/kg (54.02% ± 2.15%, P < .01), and 400 mg/kg (54.25% ± 2.50%, P < .01) compared with the negative control group. The gastroinestinal transit ratio was also significantly increased with 200 mg/kg ( P < .01) and 400 mg/kg ( P < .001) of the extract relative to the constipated negative control. The crude extract showed significant increase in intestinal fluid accumulation at 200 mg/kg (0.48 ± 0.07 g, P < .05) and 400 mg/kg (0.51 ± 0.08 g, P < .01) compared with the negative control. Conclusion. The results of the present study indicated that 80% methanol extract of the leaves of G ferruginea possessed significant laxative activity. As such, this study corroborates the traditional claim of using G ferruginea in the treatment of constipation.

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Sepehri, Gholamreza, and Manzumeh-Shamsi Meimandi. "Pattern of Drug Prescription and Utilization among Bam Residents during the First Six Months after the 2003 Bam Earthquake." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 21, no. 6 (December 2006): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00004106.

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AbstractIntroduction:It is important to identify what kinds of drugs are required by disaster-affected populations so that appropriate donations are allocated. On 26 December 2003, an earthquake with an amplitude of 6.3 on the Richter scale struck southeastern Iran, decimating the city of Bam. In this study, the most frequently utilized and prescribed drugs for Bam outpatients during the first six months after the Bam Earthquake were investigated.Methods:In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, the data were collected randomly from 3,000 prescriptions of Bam outpatients who were examined by general practitioners from Emergency Medical Assistance Teams in 12 healthcare centers during the first six months after the Bam Earthquake. The data were analyzed for: (1) patient sex; (2) number of drugs/prescriptions; (3) drug category; (4) drug name (generic or brand); (5) route of administration; (6) percent of visits where the most frequent drug categories were prescribed; and (7) the 25 most frequently prescribed drugs, using World Health Organization (WHO) indicators of drug use in health facilities.Results:Male patients represented 47.4% and females 52.6% of the total number of outpatients. The mean number of drugs/prescriptions was 3.5 per outpatient. Oral administration was the most frequent method of administration (81.7%), followed by injections (10.9%). Respiratory drugs were the most frequently used drugs (14.2%), followed by analgesics/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) (11.3%), antibacterials (11.2%), gastroinestinal (GI) drugs (9.6%), and central nervous system drugs (7%). Penicillins (6.8%), cold preparations (8%), and systemic anti-acids (ranitidine and omeprazole) were among the 25 most frequently used drugs by outpatients and inhabitants of Bam during the first six months after the Bam Earthquake.Conclusion:Respiratory, analgesic, antibacterial, gastrointestinal, and psychiatric medications were among the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals after the catastrophic Bam Earthquake.The results of this study may help to predict the needs of patients during future disasters and prevent unnecessary donations of medicine.

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Varadhachary, Gauri R., Siddharth Karanth, John D. Hainsworth, Huamin Wang, Heather R. Carlson, Renato Lenzi, James L. Abbruzzese, Martin N. Raber, and Frank A. Greco. "Patients with carcinoma of unknown primary and “colon cancer profile”: Clinicopathologic features and survival data." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 4130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.4130.

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4130 Background: We have previously proposed a “colon cancer profile” (CCP-CUP) favorable subset. CCP-CUP is ~ 8% of all CUP with features resembling lower gastroinestional cancers. Distinguishing this entity from other CUP pts is of significance given the progress in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, emerging data suggests a high level of agreement between histology+IHC and tissue of origin profiling for CCP-CUP. Methods: The retrospective cohort includes 74 pts from MD Anderson (50) and Sarah Cannon (24) Cancer Centers from 2004 -2010. Pts with CDX2+ tumors and pathology suggesting a "GI profile" were chosen. All pts met the definition of CUP and most had a negative colonoscopy. Results: 2 cohorts were created - Cohort 1 (34 pts), labeled “consistent with lower GI profile” [CDX2+, CK20+, CK7-] and Cohort 2 (40 pts), labeled “probable lower GI profile” [CDX2+, irrespective of CK7/CK20 status]. Most pts had a good PS; 58% women, median age 59 yrs; 20 (27%) pts had ascites on presentation and the predominant sites of metastases included liver (30%), carcinomatosis (50%), and nodes (51%). 53 pts received first line CRC regimens (FOLFOX or FOLFIRI based), 15 pts received gemcitabine or taxane based and 3 ‘other’ regimens. OS was 37 mo (C.I 22- 52). 6 of these were "outliers" (Stage 4 NED or indolent pathology). Excluding these, cohorts 1 and 2 had 32 and 36 pts - their OS were 37 and 21 mo respectively. There was no difference in OS of pts with or without ascites on presentation. Kras data was available for 17; 12 were Kras mutant. On multivariate analysis, the factors found to negatively influence survival were age, PS (of 2) and 3 or more sites of disease. Conclusions: Survival of IHC defined CCP-CUP pts (which may include colorectal, appendiceal and small bowel profile) exceeds historical control and illustrates a new "favorable" subset. IHC is not without its limitations – nonetheless, pts with CDX2 + tumors and CUP should undergo evaluation for GI cancers and likely best served with an armamentarium of drugs used for CRC. Since carcinomatosis and liver mets are predominant sites, all patients with abdominal CUP should undergo optimal IHC (CDX-2, CK7, and CK20) testing to rule out a CCP-CUP.

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"Gastroinestinal Pathology, Abstract 254–262, Symposium." Pathology - Research and Practice 197, no. 5 (January 2001): 350–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0344-0338-00096.

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Leben, Lara, and Miran Brvar. "Zastrupitev z guarano: prikaz dveh primerov." Slovenian Medical Journal 87, no. 5-6 (June 19, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.6016/zdravvestn.2724.

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Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a South American plant that contains twice more caffeine compared to coffee beans, and has a stimulatory effect. Thus guarana preparations in the form of capsules, tablets, powders, teas, syrups and energy drinks contain a lot of caffeine, which can rapidly cause poisoning even when only slightly overdosed.Caffeine poisoning may result in irritability, insomnia, anxiety, restlessness, muscle twitching, nausea or vomiting, rapid heart beat or cardiac arrhythmias, high blood pressure, sweating, diuresis and gastroinestinal disturbance.This report presents two cases of guarana overdose with the common caffeine poisoning symptoms and signs. Guarana in therapeutic doses can exacerbate underlying cardiac disease (especially cardiac arrhythmias, coronary heart disease, heart failure) and diabetes. Furthermore, children, pregnant and nursing women should avoid guarana as well.Treatment of guarana poisoning is symptomatic, mainly with benzodiazepines and by fluid and electrolyte substitution.

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Misbert, Emily, Michael Hughes, Joshua Burke, Claire Schofield, and Alistair Young. "EP.FRI.753 Investigating the use of a novel pre-hospital triage tool for acute abdominal surgical emergencies – a two-phase single centre cohort study." British Journal of Surgery 108, Supplement_7 (October 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjs/znab312.115.

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Abstract Aims Despite recent improvements, delay to theatre in emergency laparotomy(EL) continues to be associated with increased mortality in the UK. This study aimed to assess if patients requiring urgent surgical intervention for acute abdominal surgical pathology could be identified in the pre-hospital setting. Methods A two-phase, single-centre, cohort study was performed. Phase 1 retrospectively investigated patients who underwent emergency laparotomy between 01/01/2019-31/12/2019 at Leeds Teaching Hospital Trust (LTHT) through the NELA database. Phase 2 prospectively assessed NEWS2 for all patients presenting to LTHT Surgical Admissions Unit with abdominal pain between 01/01/2020-31/01/2020. Results Phase 1: 45 patients were coded through NELA and confirmed through operation note as undergoing EL for gastrointestinal perforation. 66%(n = 30) were assessed by the ambulance service and 80%(n = 24) had a NEWS2 of 3 or greater. Phase 2: 319 patients were assessed in SAU/ED resus of which 69 were initially treated by the ambulance service. 30%(n = 21) of these patients had an initial NEWS2 of 3 or above. The sensitivity of a NEWS2 score of >/3 in predicting the need for immediate surgical intervention including EL was 95%(95%CI, 74-99) and specificity was 95%(95%CI, 83-99) with a PPV of 86%(95%CI 67-95) and NPV of 98%(95%CI, 87-99). Conclusion A NEWS2 score of >/3 predicts the need for emergency surgical intervention including laparotomy for gastroinestinal perforation with reasonable sensitivity in this cohort. A pre-hospital triage tool for patients presenting with abdominal pain could utilise NEWS2 as an adjunct to decision-making in an acute abdominal pathway.

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Borg, T. F., K. M. Labib, and G. M. Darwish. "A Comparative Study between Lactoferrin versus ferrous sulfate in iron-deficiency during pregnancy." QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 113, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa056.006.

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Abstract Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the condition in which there is decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. It is caused by insufficient dietary intake and absorption of iron, or iron loss from bleeding. Bleeding can be from a range of sources such as the intestinal, uterine or urinary tract. Aim of the Work to compare the efficacy and the safety of lactoferrin versus ferrous sulphate for the treatment of iron deficiency pregnant women. Patients and Methods This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 98 women selected from pregnant women attending the antenatal outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University Maternity hospital. All patients were divided into two groups; the first group included 49 pregnant women who received lactoferrin (Pravotin100 mg sachets, Hygint pharmaceuticals, Egypt) twice daily orally for 30 days which was dissolved in 1/4 glass of water before meals by 15 minutes. The second group included 49 pregnant women who received 520 mg of dried ferrous sulphate tablets (Feosol tablets, Meda pharmaceuticals, Egypt) once daily orally for 30 days on empty stomach but may be taken with meals to avoid stomach upset. Results Total increase in HB after 1month with lactoferrin was higher compared to ferrous sulfate (-13.572 gdl)(p < 0.001). Gastroinestinal adverse events occurred more frequently with ferrous sulfate than the lactoferrin group (p < 0.001).The number of women requesting change the drug was higher in the ferrous sulfate group(p < 0.001). Conclusion Oral lactoferrin was better tolerated and more acceptable with higher increase in mean hemoglobin when compared to oral iron therapy over one month treatment. Oral lactoferrin can be used as a good substitute to oral iron therapy in iron deficiency during pregnancy.

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Casu, Sara, Mario Graziano Usai, Tiziana Sechi, Sotero L. Salaris, Sabrina Miari, Giuliana Mulas, Claudia Tamponi, Antonio Varcasia, Antonio Scala, and Antonello Carta. "Association analysis and functional annotation of imputed sequence data within genomic regions influencing resistance to gastro-intestinal parasites detected by an LDLA approach in a nucleus flock of Sarda dairy sheep." Genetics Selection Evolution 54, no. 1 (January 3, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12711-021-00690-7.

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Abstract Background Gastroinestinal nematodes (GIN) are one of the major health problem in grazing sheep. Although genetic variability of the resistance to GIN has been documented, traditional selection is hampered by the difficulty of recording phenotypes, usually fecal egg count (FEC). To identify causative mutations or markers in linkage disequilibrium (LD) to be used for selection, the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FEC based on linkage disequilibrium-linkage analysis (LDLA) was performed on 4097 ewes (from 181 sires) all genotyped with the OvineSNP50 Beadchip. Identified QTL regions (QTLR) were imputed from whole-genome sequences of 56 target animals of the population. An association analysis and a functional annotation of imputed polymorphisms in the identified QTLR were performed to pinpoint functional variants with potential impact on candidate genes identified from ontological classification or differentially expressed in previous studies. Results After clustering close significant locations, ten QTLR were defined on nine Ovis aries chromosomes (OAR) by LDLA. The ratio between the ANOVA estimators of the QTL variance and the total phenotypic variance ranged from 0.0087 to 0.0176. QTL on OAR4, 12, 19, and 20 were the most significant. The combination of association analysis and functional annotation of sequence data did not highlight any putative causative mutations. None of the most significant SNPs showed a functional effect on genes’ transcript. However, in the most significant QTLR, we identified genes that contained polymorphisms with a high or moderate impact, were differentially expressed in previous studies, contributed to enrich the most represented GO process (regulation of immune system process, defense response). Among these, the most likely candidate genes were: TNFRSF1B and SELE on OAR12, IL5RA on OAR19, IL17A, IL17F, TRIM26, TRIM38, TNFRSF21, LOC101118999, VEGFA, and TNF on OAR20. Conclusions This study performed on a large experimental population provides a list of candidate genes and polymorphisms which could be used in further validation studies. The expected advancements in the quality of the annotation of the ovine genome and the use of experimental designs based on sequence data and phenotypes from multiple breeds that show different LD extents and gametic phases may help to identify causative mutations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gastroinestinal'

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