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FEWTRELL, L., and A. DELAHUNTY. "The Incidence of Cryptosporidiosis in Comparison with other Gastro-Intestinal Illnesses in Blackpool, Wyre and Fylde." Water and Environment Journal 9, no. 6 (December 1995): 598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1995.tb00972.x.
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Pinikahana, Jaya, Geoff Holloway, and Neville Millen. "The Limits of Medicine and the Social Consequences for Sufferers of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 2 (2002): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02030.
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) appears to be made up of several clusters of illness categories acting alone or in tandem to cause the decline of health through; fatigue/exhaustion, sensitivity/allergies, pain, general muscle and joint pains, cognitive impairment and gastro-intestinal problems. This study investigated how patients interpret, evaluate and respond to the complex and varied symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Data were collected from persons with CFS using a survey (n=90) and an interview (n=45). The researchers investigated how chronic fatigue syndrome is diagnosed by medical practitioners, how the label of CFS is determined and the social consequences for the patient. The results confirm the limited ability of the biomedical paradigm to diagnose adequately and treat effectively 'socially constructed' and medically ambiguous illnesses like CFS. In the absence of a legitimated regime of medical treatment for CFS, a range of often expensive treatments are employed by CFS sufferers, from formal use of pharmaceutical drugs through to 'alternative' therapies, including herbal, vitamin, homeopathic, esoteric meditative techniques, spiritual healing and general counselling are taken in no particular order.
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Saggese, Anella, Loredana Baccigalupi, and Ezio Ricca. "Spore Formers as Beneficial Microbes for Humans and Animals." Applied Microbiology 1, no. 3 (October 29, 2021): 498–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol1030032.
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Microorganisms efficiently colonize the external and internal surfaces of the animal body establishing mutually beneficial interactions and forming site- and individual-specific microbiota. The degradation of complex polysaccharides in the animal gut, the production of useful compounds, protection against pathogenic microorganisms and contribution to the development of an efficient immune system are the main beneficial effects of a balanced microbiota. A dysbiosis, an imbalanced composition of the microbiota, has been associated with a large number of diseases from gastro-intestinal or urogenital disorders to allergies, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases and even to the onset of certain cancers. A growing body of evidence has indicated that probiotic treatments, aimed at maintaining or rebalancing the microbiota, are useful to treat/prevent those illnesses. Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria are the most common microbes used in probiotic preparations; however, other bacteria and yeast cells are also widely used in commercial products. Here we focus on the use of bacterial spore formers as probiotics. Spore formers have been marketed as probiotics for over 50 years and are now extensively used for the treatment of intestinal disorders and as dietary supplements in humans, as growth promoters and competitive exclusion agents in animals.
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Johnson-Fulton, Susannah, and Linda Watson. "Comparing Medicinal Uses of Cochlospermaceae throughout Its Geographic Range with Insights from Molecular Phylogenetics." Diversity 10, no. 4 (November 15, 2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d10040123.
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Species of the Cochlospermaceae, a small mostly pantropical plant family, were evaluated at a continental scale for medicinal uses in traditional medicine. This ethnobotanical information was placed in a phylogenetic framework to make informed predictions in the search for new medicines and bioactive compounds. Medicinal plant-use data were mapped onto a molecular phylogeny based on DNA sequences of nuclear and chloroplast markers. Associations of medicinal uses among closely related species occurring in different geographic regions and among diverse cultures were evaluated. The most common medicinal uses for these species are those used to treat skin ailments, gastro-intestinal problems, malaria, and liver issues. The plant species with the most numerous uses is Cochlospermum tinctorium, which occurs primarily in West Africa. Closely related species being used by cultural groups in different geographic regions to treat the same illnesses suggests the presence of bioactive compounds with potential biomedical value, since they may represent independent discoveries of similar medicinally-active compounds. This leads to the speculation that those closely related species not currently being used to treat these ailments may also contain identical or similar medicinally-active compounds and are worthy of laboratory investigations.
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Kokum, LU, and M. Shahiduzzaman. "The Predisposition Of Deferential Tenderness Of Stag At Pirganj Upazila Of Bangladesh." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 2, no. 09 (September 21, 2020): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue09-28.
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The Predisposition of deferential Tenderness in Paragon of Rampur area was concentrated from January to December 2010. 100 and forty Stags of various ages in various seasons were researched for deferential ailments. The ailment was analyzed by clinical and physical assessments. The excrement were inspected by direct smear strategy following fixation by sedimentation and floatation procedures so as to recognize gastro intestinal parasites. Other end deferential ailments were analyzed based on explicit side effects. The Stags were likewise analyzed for ecto deferential pervasion. The ectoparasites were gathered by hand picking or by utilizing hair brush and analyzed under magnifying instrument for morphological examinations. The outcomes uncovered that the general Predisposition of endodeferential illnesses was 60.71% and ecto deferential Tenderness 15.71%. Grown-ups are more powerless for both ecto and endo deferential pervasion. By and large Predisposition of endodeferential ailments was discovered higher in blustery season and ecto deferential invasion in summer season. The investigation make consideration that the Stags in Pirgonj experiencing various deferential infections and proposes that treatment and control measures ought to be taken to keep the Stag populace out of deferential ailments.
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Risal, A., and H. Tharoor. "A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Drinking Patterns, Alcohol Use and Related Medical Morbidities in a Secondary Versus Tertiary Setting." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 11, no. 2 (May 3, 2015): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12492.
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Background Alcohol Dependence exists in different spectrums at different settings and associated with various medical morbidities, disability and health care utilization costs. Objectives To study the drinking patterns, alcohol use disorders and alcohol related medical morbidities in patients diagnosed with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) and attending out / in-patient psychiatry services at secondary and tertiary care centre. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study was done among the patients diagnosed with ADS attending psychiatry services at District hospital, Udupi and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. Serial sampling was done. Patients having any other psychiatric illnesses were excluded. The two groups were compared in relation to socio-demographic variables, drinking related variables, patterns of drinking and alcohol related medical morbidities identified. Results Significant differences in some socio-demographic parameters among the patients from the two different treatment centers were found with secondary level hospital (N=50) having more illiterate, laborers and below the poverty line population in comparison to the tertiary level hospital (N=75). Maximum frequency of gastro-intestinal morbidities was seen in both the hospital population, irrespective of the patterns of drinking. Conclusion Alcohol use disorders and alcohol related medical morbidities show some variations in their presentations in the different treatment centers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12492 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(2) 2013: 152-157
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Scaglione, Frine Eleonora, Cristina Biolatti, Paola Pregel, Enrica Berio, Francesca Tiziana Cannizzo, Bartolomeo Biolatti, and Enrico Bollo. "A survey on zoo mortality over a 12-year period in Italy." PeerJ 7 (February 6, 2019): e6198. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6198.
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Background The zoo is a unique environment in which to study animals. Zoos have a long history of research into aspects of animal biology, even if this was not the primary purpose for which they were established. The data collected from zoo animals can have a great biological relevance and it can tell us more about what these animals are like outside the captive environment. In order to ensure the health of all captive animals, it is important to perform a post-mortem examination on all the animals that die in captivity. Methods The causes of mortality of two hundred and eighty two mammals which died between 2004 and 2015 in three different Italian zoos (a Biopark, a Safari Park and a private conservation center) have been investigated. Results Post mortem findings have been evaluated reporting the cause of death, zoo type, year and animal category. The animals frequently died from infectious diseases, in particular the causes of death in ruminants were mostly related to gastro-intestinal pathologies. pulmonary diseases were also very common in each of the zoos in the study. Moreover, death was sometimes attributable to traumas, as a result of fighting between conspecifics or during mating. Cases of genetic diseases and malformations have also been registered. Discussion This research was a confirmation of how conservation, histology and pathology are all connected through individual animals. These areas of expertise are extremely important to ensure the survival of rare and endangered species and to learn more about their morphological and physiological conditions. They are also useful to control pathologies, parasites and illnesses that can have a great impact on the species in captivity. Finally, this study underlines the importance of a close collaboration between veterinarians, zoo biologists and pathologists. Necropsy findings can help conservationists to determine how to support wild animal populations.
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Al-Momen, Abdul Kareem M., Abdullah A. AL-Aqeel, Medical Student, Mohammed A. Aseeri, Medical Student, Khaled A. Al-Fawaz, Medical Student, Abdulaziz Al-Molhem, Medical Student, and Rana M. Hasanato. "Vitamin B12 Deficiency In Patients With Normal Blood Count." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 5594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.5594.5594.
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Abstract Background Vitamin B12 (Cobalamine) is essential for protein synthesis, cell proliferation and optimal systemic function, particularly for nervous system and blood. Moderate vitamin B12 deficiency is common even with normal hematological parameters. Diagnosis and treatment are delayed because of non-specific symptoms, normal blood count and lack of awareness. Objectives To find out the prevalence of hidden vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with normal blood count. Materials and Methods We reviewed the results of vitamin B12 tests which were ordered for patients at King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University between 1st of January- 30thof December 2012. Those with low vitamin B12 and normal blood count were contacted and interviewed and were asked for consent to participate in this retrospective study and to answer detailed medical history questions on dietary habits, medical illnesses, gastro-intestinal surgical procedures, and long term medications. Results Out of 3045 patients, there were 415 (155 males and 260 females, aged 36 +/- 18 years) with normal blood count, but low vitamin B12 level, which was between 40-140 pmol/l ( normal 145-637). 350 patients agreed (81 males and 170 females), but complete information was obtained only from 251 patients (71.71%). Symptoms included fatigue, tingling and numbness, impaired short-term memory, insomnia and impaired concentration. Identified causes of Vitamin B12 deficiency were as follows: 65 patients (26%) had partial gastrectomy, 12 (5%) had resection of the terminal ileum, 16 (6%) had gastric atrophy, 18 (7%) had celiac disease, 36 (14%) were vegetarians, 49 (20%) were diabetic on metformin, 47 (19%) were on proton pump inhibitors, and in 8 (3%) the cause could not be identified. Conclusion Vitamin B12 deficiency is common even in patients with normal hematological values. There is a need for continuous awareness program for physicians, dietitians, and general population to identify risk factors, and to implement guidelines for prevention, early detection and treatment of hidden Vitamin B12 deficiency. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Page, Natalie, Vignesh Karthikaisamy, Darren O'Hara, Aaron N. Cranston, Colin R. O'Dowd, Xavier Jacq, Richard Wilkinson, et al. "Abstract LB022: A novel first-in-class USP19 inhibitor for the treatment of cancer-induced muscle atrophy." Cancer Research 83, no. 8_Supplement (April 14, 2023): LB022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-lb022.
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Abstract Cancer cachexia is a metabolic wasting syndrome characterized by weight loss, anorexia and anemia as a result of tumor burden, and affects up to 80% of advanced cancer patients #1. Cachexia is particularly prevalent in pancreatic, lung, colorectal and gastro-intestinal cancers and can lead to reduced tolerance and responsiveness to chemotherapy, increased treatment-related toxicity and morbidity, and poor overall quality of life. There are currently no approved therapies for cancer cachexia. The development and maintenance of muscle tissue is dependent on the balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation, controlled through various anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways. Dysregulation of these pathways can result in muscle atrophy, which arises in many chronic illnesses. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has a central role in regulating skeletal muscle physiology. Previous work utilizing USP19 knock out mouse models has demonstrated that USP19 plays an important role in muscle wasting and can protect against denervation-induced muscle atrophy #2. We have previously demonstrated that inhibition of USP19 enzymatic activity spares the muscle wasting observed in limb-casted and denervated mouse models of muscle wasting. Here, we report the discovery of a novel, highly potent and selective inhibitor of USP19 (ADC-846) and demonstrate its utility in a cancer-induced muscle atrophy model in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of USP19 by ADC-846 increased lean muscle and fat mass following oral dosing in a Lewis Lung Carcinoma-induced cachexia model and reduced the cachexic index by >60% compared to controls. This data, in combination with our previous work detailing the effect of USP19 inhibition on muscle force and function, provides a much-needed novel pharmacological strategy for therapeutic intervention in muscle wasting conditions. Citation Format: Natalie Page, Vignesh Karthikaisamy, Darren O'Hara, Aaron N. Cranston, Colin R. O'Dowd, Xavier Jacq, Richard Wilkinson, Stephanie Burton, Hayley Gibson, Joana Costa, Daniel Longley, Matthew Helm, Chris McGivern, Steven Shepherd, Christina Bell, Peter Hewitt, Mary McFarland, Hugues Miel, Steven Whitehead, Lauren Proctor, Shane J. Rountree, Mark Wappett, Mauricio Berriel Diaz, Stephan Herzig, Timothy Harrison. A novel first-in-class USP19 inhibitor for the treatment of cancer-induced muscle atrophy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB022.
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Cheng, Siu Mee. "Integrated Health and Social Care In A Woman's Shelter and Multi-Service Agency." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (December 28, 2023): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23484.
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Introduction: Evidence exists demonstrating that integrated health and social care (IHSC) can support enhanced care for highly vulnerable and marginalized population groups. One such group are homeless women. Street Haven (SH) is a multi-service women’s agency that serves homeless women who suffers from the intersection of critical health, social and financial disadvantages living in one of the poorest urban neighbourhoods in Toronto, Canada. SH provides shelter, supported housing, addictions treatment and training support services. Over the past ten years, client acuity has increased the health and social care needs of vulnerable women. The pandemic has exacerbated this. Clients have experienced chronic homelessness which is connected to trauma. They also suffer from mental illness conditions, and chronic diseases including respiratory illnesses, and gastro-intestinal illness, and diabetes. Street Haven has engaged in integrated health and social care (IHSC) to ensure that more comprehensive care can respond to the increasing client care complexity.
Approach: IHSC coordination with community partners have been undertaken in order to address unmet health and social care. Within the SH shelter services, partnerships with primary health care partners, hospital services and community-based crisis and mental health teams have been established. As a result, a primary care physician and psychiatrist can be accessed once weekly on site by clients. Homeless women are then attached to a physician and psychiatrist while accessing SH services. In addition, when clients experience crisis, community-based outreach mental health and crisis teams are dispatched by other organizations to SH locations. The SH addiction treatment residence services also integrate with psychiatry services with a community clinical services agency and with the community crisis team to introduce crisis and psychiatric supports for addiction service clients. Lastly, SH works with community policing to ensure that women who exhibit behaviours stemming from crisis, may have benefit of community policing services that provide SH and client with protection while offering crisis supports at the same time. They help to divert clients from hospital and correctional services.
Results: IHSC enables SH to better meet the needs of its highly complex client base within its premises. Several benefits of the IHSC include the identification of unmet health and social care needs of our clients including psychiatric and mental health needs and management of chronic diseases and medication prescription needs; enhanced client community engagement through the referral and coordination of services with community health and social care partner agencies; minimization of crisis events on SH premise sites; and minimizing utilization of acute car and correctional services. The competencies that are absent in the organization are available due to IHSC.
Lessons Learned: IHSC can act as a lever for women’s shelter and addiction treatment services to provide more comprehensive health and social care services. IHSC is crucial considering the austerity in government program funding in Toronto and Ontario. IHSC is another means to better serve marginalized, homeless and impoverished women to ensure that they have more equitable access to health and social care services especially where there is a gender-bias against women’s services in Toronto.
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Amatya, Bhawana, Paleswan Joshi Lakhey, and Prativa Pandey. "Perforation Peritonitis at High Altitude." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 56, no. 210 (April 30, 2018): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.3488.
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Trekkers going to high altitude can suffer from several ailments both during and after their treks. Gastro-intestinal symptoms including nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are common in high altitude areas of Nepal due to acute mountain sickness or due to a gastro-intestinal illness. Occasionally, complications of common conditions manifest at high altitude and delay in diagnosis could be catastrophic for the patient presenting with these symptoms. We present two rare cases of duodenal and gastric perforations in trekkers who were evacuated from the Everest trekking region. Both of them had to undergo emergency laparotomy and repair of the perforation using modified Graham’s patch in the first case and distal gastrectomy that included the perforated site, followed by two-layer end-to-side gastrojejunostomy and two-layer side-to-side jejunostomy in the second case. Perforation peritonitis at high-altitude, though rare, can be life threatening. Timely evacuation from high altitude, proper diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential
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Tabachnikov, S. I., I. Ya Pinchuk, Ye M. Kharchenko, N. O. Mykhalchuk, A. M. Chepurna, and I. F. Zdoryk. "Criteria for diagnostics and treatment of somatic patients who use psychoactive substances in the practice of family medicine." Archives of psychiatry 25, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37822/2410-7484.2019.25.1.15-21.
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Background. The usage of psychoactive substances (PS) is one of the most urgent among other medical and social problems of nowadays. One of the aspects of menacing nature of this phenomenon is psychological and somatic consequences, so called comorbid conditions, which in the future lead to severe psychosomatic disorders, more significant in young or old age. Contemporary medical reform in Ukraine has reoriented for family doctors general medical care to somatic patients, which, in turn, requires the creation of professional scientific and practical developments to provide them with qualified assistance.
Objective – to develop of the system of diagnostic and medical care for somatic patients who use PS in the practice of family medicine.
Materials and methods. In accordance with the relevant methods (clinical, anamnestic, socio-demographic, psychodiagnostic, clinical-psychopathological and statistical), 220 thematic patients who applied with somatic complaints to the family doctor were examined. All these patients take different kinds of PS.
Results. Characteristic features of the examined patients were such as: prevailing age group was the senior group of people (60%), the youngest was 38%; a large proportion of respondents were educated in dysfunctional families (42%); the families in which the parents use of PS, in the families in which there where systematic conflicts, material and everyday problems, burdened heredity, concomitant somatic diseases (28%), etc. Most of these surveyed began to use PS in the age of teenagers (66%), a significantly smaller number was that one who had begun to use PS in elderly age. The motivation for the usage of surfactant in the younger group was dominated by the negative impact of the micro-environment, at the elder age we diagnostic the subjective deprivation of the patients from difficult social circumstances, improvement of general mental and physical conditions. The complaints of these patients who need a help of family doctors were formed by us in the form of the main profiles of somatic pathology: cardiovascular, pulmonary-respiratory, gastro-intestinal. In the mental plan these patients had depressive, disturbing, asthenic states in different proportions. Most of them who use PS prefer tobacco and alcohol or combined forms (72%), much less patients use PS. The developed system of early diagnostics of comorbid pathology is based on a four-level clinical characteristic of psychosomatic pathology with the appropriate correlation between the type and level of PS which had been used.
Conclusions. The main profiles of somatization in these cases were outlined (48% of patients have the problems with the cardiovascular system, with the digestive tract – 32%, with the pulmonary-respiratory system – 20% of patients), which were combined with mental illnesses. The system of early diagnostics of the usage of psychoactive substances by somatic patients was developed with the help of corresponding AUDIT-tests, a number of parallel psycho-diagnostic methods and laboratory data. On the basis of characteristic features of anamnesis, socio-demographic, clinical psycho-pathological and somatic data, a system of psycho-therapeutic, rehabilitation and psycho-prophylaxis assistance to the patients in the practice of family medicine was developed.
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Dauphin, Stephanie, Steven Van Wolputte, Leontien Jansen, Tine De Burghgraeve, Frank Buntinx, and Marjan van den Akker. "Using Liminality and Subjunctivity to Better Understand How Patients With Cancer Experience Uncertainty Throughout Their Illness Trajectory." Qualitative Health Research 30, no. 3 (October 16, 2019): 356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732319880542.
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Uncertainty is a central theme in the illness experiences of older cancer patients throughout their illness trajectory. Mishel’s popular theory on uncertainty during illness approaches uncertainty as an outcome and is characterized by the patient’s inability to find meaning in illness events. This study used the concepts of liminality and subjunctivity to explore uncertainty throughout the illness trajectory of cancer patients. We interviewed 18 older (age range = 57–92 years) patients with breast cancer or gastro-intestinal cancer 3 to 4 years post diagnosis. Our analysis is based on the QUAGOL guide that draws on elements of grounded theory such as constant comparison. We found that liminality and subjunctivity provide a useful frame for understanding uncertainty with a specific focus on its productive potential and meaning making. Health care professionals should be open to acquiring a complete picture of patients’ diverse and dynamic experiences of uncertainty in the different stages of their illness trajectory.
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Kumar, T. Muthu, Raj Kamal, Joy Bazroy, Prahan Kumar, and (Brig ). Zile Singh. "Prevalence of Gastro Intestinal symptoms and its determinants among rural population of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu,India." Journal of Comprehensive Health 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v06i01.009.
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Background: Water is the most common yet the most precious resource on earth without which there would be no life on earth .The most predominant water borne disease is diarrhoea of which 88% is attributed to unsafe water supply, inadequate sanitation and hygiene. Diarrhoea causes 4% of deaths worldwide. Objective: To measure the prevalence of Gastro Intestinal (GI) problems and its determinants in rural area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. Materials and methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in the rural area of Chunampet, Kancheepuram district. The study area includes ten villages, out of which 2 villages were selected. The study was conducted on January 2014. Sample size was calculated as 1200. Data was collected using questionnaire containing details on socio demographic profile, drinking water, and details of family members with Gastro intestinal symptoms. Results & Conclusion: During the last 3 months, 11.8% (58) of the houses had GI problems. 55.7% households use pipe water for drinking purpose, 64.4% household members don’t consume chlorinated water, 59.3% household members don’t consume boiled water and 68.7% households don’t have proper latrine facility. The study showed that the reported GI problems were high among the houses who consume water which is neither boiled nor chlorinated and don’t wash their hands before eating ,which were the most likely risk factors for acquiring GI illness.
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Harrison, C., C. Quigley, E. Kaczmarski, and E. Devlin. "An outbreak of gastro-intestinal illness caused by eggs containing Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4." Journal of Infection 24, no. 2 (March 1992): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-4453(92)93032-l.
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Galway, L. P., D. M. Allen, M. W. Parkes, L. Li, and T. K. Takaro. "Hydroclimatic variables and acute gastro-intestinal illness in British Columbia, Canada: A time series analysis." Water Resources Research 51, no. 2 (February 2015): 885–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015519.
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Saurabh Pandhare and Mujahid B. Khan. "COVID – 19: A pandemic disease and its relation to Pranavahasrotas (Respiratory system) - A review." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (November 27, 2020): 1298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3623.
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COVID-19 is an infectious pandemic disease caused by the virus called as SARS-CoV-2. It is the pathogens that primarily target the respiratory system of human beings. The most common symptoms at the beginning of COVID-19 illness are, cough, fever, muscle pain, diarrhoea, headache, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome occurs in severe cases. The idea of Srotas, in all different appropriate meaning, is still related in the current situation and might give different visions if revisited. Hridaya (Heart) and Mahasrotas(Gastro-intestinal tract) and are the origins of Pranavahasrotas (respiratory system). In the view of the current review, the introductory classical text of Ayurveda like Charak Samhita and compilation textbooks, research publication and internet sources are also reviewed to explore the relation of Pranavaha srotas and COVID-19 disease. In the diseases of Pranavaha srotas, similar symptoms are found as it is in connection with an organ like heart, lungs, brain and Gastro-intestinal tract. The treatment protocols for diseases of Pranvahahasrotas includes general Snehan Karma(Oleation) and Swedan Karma (Sudation) therapies, Vamana(emesis), Dhumapana (medicated smoking) therapy, Rasayan therapy(Rejuvenation Therapy), treatment of Jwar(fever) and classical formulations like Kantakari ghrita, Shrungyadi Churna, Talisadi churna, Vasa Avaleha, Kanakasava, Shwasakuthar Rasa, Mahalaxmivilas rasa etc. recommended. So current review will be useful for research on treatment protocol mentioned for the management of diseases of Pranavaha srotas given COVID-19 and also as a reference for additional safety and efficacy studies; pharmaceutical manufacturing as well as standardization of classical formulations stated for the treating diseases of Pranavaha srotas.
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YADAV, SHALINI, SAURAV YADAV, ASHUTOSH KUMAR, and AMAR MISHRA. "Floating Drug Delivery System an Aid to Enhance Dissolution Profile of Gastric." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i6.5153.
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With the GRDDS, the dose shape remains controllably in the stomach after oral administration, so that the medication may be continually delivered to its absorption receptors in the intestinal tract. The medicine is delivering in a controlled and extended way. Gastro-retentive dose in the stomach area may last for another few hours and substantially lengthen the gastric residence period of the medicines. While the bulk density in the system for the supply of floating medicines (FDDS) exceeds the gastric fluids, it remains for an extended duration in the stomach without altering the rate of decomposition. The medication distributes gradually as the system floats on the stomach juice. As a consequence, stomach residency takes longer and plasma concentrations are well monitored. The therapy of peptic ulcer illness might be beneficial for local activity in the upper portion of the intestine, i.e., a longer stomach residency. In addition, medicines rapidly absorbed in the GI tract will increase bioavailability through delayed stomach release. The regulated gastric retention of solid dose forms can also be accomplished by the simultaneous administration of pharmacological agents, or by sedimentation, flotation processes, muco-adhesion, expansion, changed shape systems, by delaying the stomach emptying.
Keywords: Gastro-retentive drug delivery system, Floating drug delivery system, Muco-adhesion, Bioavailability.
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Cioroba, Teodora, Corina Gica, Radu Botezatu, Mihaela Demetrian, Nicolae Gica, Gheorghe Peltecu, Anca Marina Ciobanu, Brindusa Ana Cimpoca-Raptis, and Anca Maria Panaitescu. "Coxsackie virus B infection and pregnancy." Romanian Journal of Infectious Diseases 24, S (November 30, 2021): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2021.s.14.
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Frequently, enteroviral infection with Coxsackie virus B (CV-B) goes unnoticed, without or only with mild symptoms. The infection is well known for the gastro-intestinal transmission, but recently, the severe forms of neonate’s infection, suggested that vertical transmission should not be neglected and moreover the fetal consequences should be studied. This review relates the most important findings regarding infection with CV-B during pregnancy, most of the information being based on murine studies. It seems that CV-B infection is associated with high rate of abortion and could also impair fertility. Regarding long term effects, CV-B might cause autoimmune diseases, congenital heart defects and neurologic disorders. Severe acute disease in new-born is generally acquired from a symptomatic mother that develop a febrile illness during the last week of pregnancy.
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Galway, Lindsay P., Diana M. Allen, Margot W. Parkes, and Tim K. Takaro. "Seasonal variation of acute gastro-intestinal illness by hydroclimatic regime and drinking water source: a retrospective population-based study." Journal of Water and Health 12, no. 1 (October 28, 2013): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.105.
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Acute gastro-intestinal illness (AGI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and an important public health problem. Despite the fact that AGI is currently responsible for a huge burden of disease throughout the world, important knowledge gaps exist in terms of its epidemiology. Specifically, an understanding of seasonality and those factors driving seasonal variation remain elusive. This paper aims to assess variation in the incidence of AGI in British Columbia (BC), Canada over an 11-year study period. We assessed variation in AGI dynamics in general, and disaggregated by hydroclimatic regime and drinking water source. We used several different visual and statistical techniques to describe and characterize seasonal and annual patterns in AGI incidence over time. Our results consistently illustrate marked seasonal patterns; seasonality remains when the dataset is disaggregated by hydroclimatic regime and drinking water source; however, differences in the magnitude and timing of the peaks and troughs are noted. We conclude that systematic descriptions of infectious illness dynamics over time is a valuable tool for informing disease prevention strategies and generating hypotheses to guide future research in an era of global environmental change.
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Murphy, Rachel, Belinda Harris, and Katharine Wakelin. "Riding a rollercoaster in a hurricane – researching my own chronic illness." Qualitative Research Journal 22, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-09-2021-0092.
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PurposeThis article outlines the experience of conducting Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis research into the chronic illness of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, an incurable condition of the gastro-intestinal tract which results in numerous physically and psychologically symptoms that are difficult to live with, by a researcher who shares the same condition. It considers the complex nature of researcher positioning from a nuanced, relational rather than binary insider/outsider position (Berger, 2015; Hayfield and Huxley, 2015). Additionally, the importance of reflexivity when conducting such personal, reciprocal qualitative research is brought to life, illustrating how such reflexivity deepens the relationship to the research, increases understanding of the interpretations and in turn its validity adds to the trustworthiness of both the endeavour and the written account (Etherington, 2007; Oakley, 2016).Design/methodology/approachConducting research into a medical condition that the researcher also experiences brings its own particular challenges (Hofmann and Barker, 2017). When the chosen methodology is Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, with its in-depth, relational nature, those challenges intensify (Smith, 2009).FindingsUsing researcher journal extracts, the lived experience of researching whilst experiencing a chronic illness is explored. This includes the psychological impact of experiencing deep empathy for others living with IBD, managing the impact of increased disease knowledge, researching through fatigue and experiencing the claustrophobia of living with and researching one's own condition.Originality/valueFinally, tactics for surviving such research are provided in a bid to enable researchers and supervisors embarking on similar projects, to successfully manage the research rollercoaster ride even when it's in the middle of a Hurricane.
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Chhetri*, Bimal, Eleni Galanis, Sunny Mak, Marc Zubel, Michael Otterstatter, Robert Balshaw, Jordan Brubacher, et al. "Association between Extreme Precipitation, Drinking Water and Acute Gastro Intestinal Illness in the Fraser Health Authority, British Columbia, Canada, 2000-2012." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2014, no. 1 (October 20, 2014): 2212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2014.o-212.
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Holtzhausen, L., C. Smit, G. Joubert, and K. Von Hagen. "Injury and illness profiles during the 2014 South African Ironman triathlon." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 30, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2018/v30i1a1509.
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Background: There is a need for ongoing scrutiny of injury and illness profiles of ultra-distance athletes. This study aimed to record the medical history, illness and injuries of athletes receiving medical attention during the 2014 Ironman South Africa (IMSA) triathlon, and to investigate the temporal presentation of medical encounters.
Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. All athletes who required medical attention at the main medical tent and all of the medical posts or mobile units along the route were included in this study A total of 2 331 athletes started the race. Data included age, gender, time and stage of the race when medical attention was required, pre-race medical history and medication use, illness and injuries treated, special investigations performed, and weather conditions.
Results: Overall, 179 athletes (7.7%) required medical attention. The incidence of medical encounters was 7.8%. A significantly higher percentage of younger participants encountered medical problems (P = 0.04). Most patient encounters (80.1%) occurred after the race. The median duration of treatment was 26 minutes. Medication was used by 35.1% of patients during the race. The most common medical encounters were exertion-related (71.2%), gastro-intestinal (16.4%), dermatological (11.9%), musculoskeletal (9.6%) and cardiorespiratory conditions (2.4%).
Conclusion: Medical encounters occurred more frequently in later stages of the race. Most medical conditions were exertion-related. Potential higher risk may be associated with medication use, recent illness, and in younger participants. Temporal stacking of medical personnel, planning of resources according to expected conditions, preventative measures for high-risk behaviour, and on-going data collection with comparable methodology are recommended.
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Islam, Mirza Md Ziaul, Md Kamruzzam, BH Nazma Yasmeen, Nasreen Begum, and AFM Ashik Imran. "Evaluation of Chronic Cough in Children: A Prospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital." Northern International Medical College Journal 9, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 264–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/nimcj.v9i1.35925.
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Background : Chronic cough is a common complaint in children which causes distress, and affects the quality of life of parents and children. While cough may be seen as a common condition of childhood without serious consequences, ignoring a cough that may be the sole presenting symptom of an underlying illness can lead to delayed diagnosis and progression to a chronic respiratory morbidity.Objective : To evaluate the specific diagnosis and prognosis of chronic cough in children.Methods : A prospective study was done on children with chronic cough (history of cough>8 weeks) referred to Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, a tertiary hospital.Children aged 2 to 8 years with chronic cough referred by the general physicians, pediatricians and other peripheral hospitals were the study subjects. Exclusion criteria were children with immune-deficiency,congenital anomalies of lung,congenital heart disease, gastro-intestinal disorders (e.g. gastro-esophageal reflux, peptic ulcer disease), in born error of metabolism (e.g. cystic fibrosis) and other chronic conditions (e.g. gross neurodevelopmental delay). The evaluation of chronic cough was based on simple principles: careful history-taking concerning the characteristics of the cough, full clinical examination to look for any associated symptoms and relevant investigations done. Underlying diagnoses and outcomes were ascertained after follow-up for a period of six months and treatment was given as per the management protocol of the hospital.Results : The most common final diagnosis was allergic rhinitis (31%), followed by asthma (28.6%), rhinitis coexisting with asthma (23.8%), post viral cough (16.6). Cough resolved in 54.8%, partially improved in 40.5% and persisted in 4.7% of patients.Conclusion : Allergic rhinitis with or without co-existing asthma was the commonest cause of chronic cough in children referred to this hospital.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.9(1) July 2017: 264-266
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Pandiyan, Rajesh, Sumathi C. Samiappan, Abimanyu Sugumaran, and Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar. "Stomach-affecting intestinal parasites as a precursor model of Pheretima posthuma treated with anthelmintic drug from Dodonaea viscosa Linn." Green Processing and Synthesis 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 492–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2022-0029.
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Abstract The preponderance of helminth contagions is constrained to tropical regions and can cause massive vulnerability to malnutrition, anemia, pneumonia, and eosinophilia. Many human parasitic diseases cause severe illness in endemic populations. The helminths transmitting through the gastro-intestinal tract may develop resistance to anthelmintic drugs. The phytotherapy, anthelmintic, and antimicrobial efficacy of Dodonaea viscosa leaf solvent extracts were examined. Phytochemical screening was carried out by ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The anthelmintic activity was performed against a South Indian earth worm as a model by measuring the paralytic time. The antibacterial activity was performed against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus, which stimulate the stomach helminths. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of chemical compounds from the UV spectrum, and alkenes and aromatic compounds were confirmed by FTIR. Higher concentrations of the D. viscosa extract showed a rapid paralytic effect with a rapid death rate and histopathology. The zone-of-inhibition study indicated the potent antibacterial activity of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of D. viscosa against different bacterial species. The current research revealed that D. viscosa has significant anthelmintic and antibacterial activities and it can be used for further elucidation and characterization.
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Obeidat, Adham, and Sandeep Randhawa. "Gastrointestinal complications in critical care patients and effects of mechanical ventilation on the gastrointestinal tract." Journal of Mechanical Ventilation 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53097/jmv.10017.
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Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) especially those who require mechanical ventilation are at increased risk for developing gastrointestinal (GI) complications such as bleeding, infection, and motility dysfunction. It is estimated that the prevalence of GI complications in those patients is approximately 50-80% and lots of those go undiagnosed. Complications can affect different parts of the GI system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas. Effects might include dysmotility, diarrhea, inflammation, infection, direct mucosal injuries, ulcerations, and bleeding, and it can be associated with high mortality rates. Moreover, it is believed that the GI tract has a significant contribution in the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in critically ill patients. Mechanical ventilation either alone or in association with other critical illness may have a multitude of effects on almost all the organs of the gastro-intestinal tract. Attention of those interaction and side effects can improve outcomes and potentially mortality. In this review, we describe the mechanisms proposed for mechanical ventilation induced GI complications and different GI complications which can affect the critically ill patient. Keywords: PEEP, Prone position, Dysmotility, GERD, GI bleeding, Ileus, Aspiration, Acalculous cholecystitis
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Ratcliffe, Denise, Andrew MacLeod, and Tom Sensky. "Anxiety in Patients Who Have Had a Myocardial Infarction: The Maintaining Role of Perceived Physical Sensations and Causal Attributions." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 34, no. 2 (February 17, 2006): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465806002773.
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This study investigated whether anxiety in patients who have had a myocardial infarction is maintained through similar processes to those proposed in the cognitive models of panic disorder (Clark, 1986) and health anxiety (Warwick and Salkovskis, 1990). Anxious (n = 22) and non-anxious (n = 29) patients, who all had an MI 3–12 months before testing, participated. The groups were compared on self-report measures of risk perception, bodily vigilance, illness perceptions the type of causal attributions (somatic, normalizing and psychological) generated for congruent and incongruent types of anxiety-related bodily sensations (cardiac, respiratory, gastro-intestinal and cognitive dyscontrol). Anxious, compared to non-anxious, MI participants perceived themselves to be at higher risk of a further MI, had higher levels of bodily vigilance and more negative emotional and cognitive representations of their MI. Anxious participants generated significantly more somatic attributions and fewer normalizing attributions, than non-anxious participants for cardiac sensations. There was also a trend for anxious participants to generate this pattern of attributions for respiratory items. The study provides evidence that the models of health anxiety (Warwick and Salkovskis, 1990) and panic disorder (Clark, 1986) are useful in understanding persistent anxiety following an MI.
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Grilc, Eva, Ivanka Gale, Aleš Veršič, Tina Žagar, and Maja Sočan. "Drinking Water Quality and the Geospatial Distribution of Notified Gastro-Intestinal Infections / Kvaliteta Pitne Vode in Geoprostorska Porazdelitev Prijavljenih Črevesnih Okužb." Slovenian Journal of Public Health 54, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjph-2015-0028.
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Abstract Introduction. Even brief episodes of fecal contamination of drinking water can lead directly to illness in the consumers. In water-borne outbreaks, the connection between poor microbial water quality and disease can be quickly identified. The impact of non-compliant drinking water samples due to E. coli taken for regular monitoring on the incidence of notified acute gastrointestinal infections has not yet been studied. Methods. The objective of this study was to analyse the geographical distribution of notified acute gastrointestinal infections (AGI) in Slovenia in 2010, with hotspot identification. The second aim of the study was to correlate the fecal contamination of water supply system on the settlement level with the distribution of notified AGI cases. Spatial analysis using geo-information technology and other methods were used. Results. Hot spots with the highest proportion of notified AGI cases were mainly identified in areas with small supply zones. The risk for getting AGI was drinking water contaminated with E. coli from supply zones with 50-1000 users: RR was 1.25 and significantly greater than one (p-value less than 0.001). Conclusion. This study showed the correlation between the frequency of notified AGI cases and noncompliant results in drinking water monitoring.
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Quagliariello, Vincenzo, Annamaria Bonelli, Antonietta Caronna, Gabriele Conforti, Martina Iovine, Andreina Carbone, Massimiliano Berretta, Gerardo Botti, and Nicola Maurea. "SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cardioncology: From Cardiometabolic Risk Factors to Outcomes in Cancer Patients." Cancers 12, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 3316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113316.
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The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible viral illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has been defined by the World Health Organization as a pandemic, considering its remarkable transmission speed worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and TMPRSS2, which is a serine protease both expressed in lungs, the gastro-intestinal tract, and cardiac myocytes. Patients with COVID-19 experienced adverse cardiac events (hypertension, venous thromboembolism, arrhythmia, myocardial injury, fulminant myocarditis), and patients with previous cardiovascular disease have a higher risk of death. Cancer patients are extremely vulnerable with a high risk of viral infection and more negative prognosis than healthy people, and the magnitude of effects depends on the type of cancer, recent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery and other concomitant comorbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome). Patients with active cancer or those treated with cardiotoxic therapies may have heart damages exacerbated by SARS-CoV-2 infection than non-cancer patients. We highlight the cardiovascular side effects of COVID-19 focusing on the main outcomes in cancer patients in updated perspective and retrospective studies. We focus on the main cardio-metabolic risk factors in non-cancer and cancer patients and provide recommendations aimed to reduce cardiovascular events, morbidity, and mortality.
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M. Alhunif M.D, Bayan, Alasmari M.D, and Huda F. Abbag M.D. "ACUTE LIVER FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19 IN A 2-YEAR-OLD BOY." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 01 (January 31, 2024): 862–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18195.
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Almost 2 years after the first cases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were reported, we are still learning about it till today. We are now more familiar with SARS-CoV-2 and its role in causing COVID-19 and that the effects of the disease is mostly a respiratory illness (1).The gastro-intestinal/hepatic systems are the next most commonly affected after the respiratory system (2). Symptoms typically include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abnormal liver enzymes (2). Acute liver failure secondary to covid-19 is rare and usually occurs later in the course of the disease (2). Some studies have demonstrated that SARS-CoV or MERS caused liver injuries with elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin levels, although these changes were mild (4). Studies of COVID-19 infection have shown the incidence of liver injury to be between 14.8 to 53%, mainly presentingwith abnormal alanine transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST)(4).However alkaline phosphatase remains in the normal range in both mild and severe cases. Liver injury is significantly higher in patients with severe COVID-19.The effects of COVID-19 and it sequelae in children is still not widely reported. We describe a unique case of acute liver failure in a 2 year old boy most likely due to COVID-19in Saudi Arabia.
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Chhetri, Bimal K., Tim K. Takaro, Robert Balshaw, Michael Otterstatter, Sunny Mak, Marcus Lem, Marc Zubel, et al. "Associations between extreme precipitation and acute gastro-intestinal illness due to cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in an urban Canadian drinking water system (1997–2009)." Journal of Water and Health 15, no. 6 (September 2, 2017): 898–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.100.
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Abstract Drinking water related infections are expected to increase in the future due to climate change. Understanding the current links between these infections and environmental factors is vital to understand and reduce the future burden of illness. We investigated the relationship between weekly reported cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis (n = 7,422), extreme precipitation (>90th percentile), drinking water turbidity, and preceding dry periods in a drinking water system located in greater Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (1997–2009) using distributed lag non-linear Poisson regression models adjusted for seasonality, secular trend, and the effect of holidays on reporting. We found a significant increase in cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis 4–6 weeks after extreme precipitation. The effect was greater following a dry period. Similarly, extreme precipitation led to significantly increased turbidity only after prolonged dry periods. Our results suggest that the risk of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis increases with extreme precipitation, and that the effects are more pronounced after a prolonged dry period. Given that extreme precipitation events are expected to increase with climate change, it is important to further understand the risks from these events, develop planning tools, and build resilience to these future risks.
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Chhetri, Bimal, Eleni Galanis, Sunny Mak, Michael Otterstatter, Robert Balshaw, Sarah Henderson, Marc Zubel, et al. "Extreme Precipitation, Drinking Water And Acute Gastro Intestinal Illness In A Canadian Surface Drinking Water System: Putative Links And Future Impact Of Climate Change." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2015, no. 1 (August 20, 2015): 2570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2015.2015-2570.
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Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, Aqsa Safdar, Muhammad Hammad Butt, Muhammad Salman, Sumbal Nosheen, Zia Ul Mustafa, Faiz Ullah Khan, and Yusra Habib Khan. "Atypical Complications during the Course of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review." Medicina 60, no. 1 (January 15, 2024): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60010164.
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COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease, but numerous studies have indicated the involvement of various organ systems during the course of illness. We conducted a comprehensive review of atypical complications of COVID-19 with their incidence range (IR) and their impact on hospitalization and mortality rates. We identified 97 studies, including 55 research articles and 42 case studies. We reviewed four major body organ systems for various types of atypical complications: (i) Gastro-intestinal (GI) and hepatobiliary system, e.g., bowel ischemia/infarction (IR: 1.49–83.87%), GI bleeding/hemorrhage (IR: 0.47–10.6%), hepatic ischemia (IR: 1.0–7.4%); (ii) Neurological system, e.g., acute ischemic stroke/cerebral venous sinus thrombosis/cerebral hemorrhage (IR: 0.5–90.9%), anosmia (IR: 4.9–79.6%), dysgeusia (IR: 2.8–83.38%), encephalopathy/encephalitis with or without fever and hypoxia (IR: 0.19–35.2%); (iii) Renal system, e.g., acute kidney injury (AKI)/acute renal failure (IR: 0.5–68.8%); (iv) Cardiovascular system, e.g., acute cardiac injury/non-coronary myocardial injury (IR: 7.2–55.56%), arrhythmia/ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (IR: 5.9–16.7%), and coagulopathy/venous thromboembolism (IR: 19–34.4%). This review encourages and informs healthcare practitioners to keenly monitor COVID-19 survivors for these atypical complications in all major organ systems and not only treat the respiratory symptoms of patients. Post-COVID effects should be monitored, and follow-up of patients should be performed on a regular basis to check for long-term complications.
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Millar, Keith, Adrian W. Bowman, William Battersby, and Richard R. Welbury. "The health of nine Royal Naval Arctic crews, 1848 to 1854: implications for the lost Franklin Expedition." Polar Record 52, no. 4 (April 6, 2016): 423–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247416000176.
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ABSTRACTMedical factors including tuberculosis, scurvy, lead poisoning and botulism have been proposed to explain the high death rate prior to desertion of the ships on Sir John Franklin's expedition of 1845–1848 but their role remains unclear because the surgeons’Sick bookswhich recorded illness on board have eluded discovery. In their absence, this study examines theSick booksof Royal Naval search squadrons sent in search of Franklin, and which encountered similar conditions to his ships, to consider whether their morbidity and mortality might reflect that of the missing expedition. TheSick booksof HMSAssistance, Enterprise, Intrepid, Investigator, PioneerandResoluteyielded 1,480 cases that were coded for statistical analysis. On the basis of the squadrons’ patterns of illness it was concluded that Franklin's crews would have suffered common respiratory and gastro-intestinal disorders, injuries and exposure and that deaths might have occurred from respiratory, cardiovascular and tubercular conditions. Scurvy occurred commonly and it was shown that the method of preparing ‘antiscorbutic’ lemon juice for the search squadrons and Franklin's ships would have reduced its capacity to prevent the disease but there were no grounds to conclude that scurvy was significant at the time of deserting the ships. There was no clear evidence of lead poisoning despite the relatively high level of lead exposure that was inevitable on ships at that time. There was no significant difference between the deaths of non-officer ranks on Franklin's ships and several of the search ships. The greater number of deaths of Franklin's officers was proposed to be more probably a result of non-medical factors such as accidents and injuries sustained while hunting and during exploration.
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Nijman, Ruud G. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child health." Journal of Laboratory Medicine 45, no. 6 (October 12, 2021): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labmed-2021-0128.
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Abstract Most Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in children are mild or asymptomatic. Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children is infrequent. An estimated 0.3–1.3% of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted to hospital, and of these 13–23% needed critical care. SARS-CoV-2 related deaths were very rare in children, estimated at 2 per million. The vast majority of admitted children had one of shortness of breath, fever, and cough, but atypical symptoms are more common in children. Cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) have been linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cardinal symptoms include prolonged fever, clinical signs of inflammation, gastro-intestinal symptoms, and cardiac dysfunction. Twenty two to 80% of patients with MIS-C needed critical care; mortality of MIS-C is around 2%. Six to 24% of children with MIS-C had coronary artery dilatation or cardiac aneurysms. Equipoise still exists between first-line treatment with immunoglobulins and steroids. Outcomes for children with MIS-C are generally very good in those recognised early and started on appropriate treatment. Vaccination schemes for children are rapidly expanding, with the benefits of preventing severe COVID-19 disease and MIS-C and reducing community transmission outweighing the risks of adverse events of, amongst others, myocarditis temporally related to COVID-19 vaccination in children and young adults. The imposed social distancing measures reduced the overall number of children with acute illness or injury presenting to urgent and emergency care facilities worldwide. No clear signal was seen that large numbers of children had a delayed presentation to emergency care departments with a serious illness. The social distancing measures negatively impacted the mental health of children.
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Chandran, Kailash, and Sam Christy Mammen. "Effect of early enteral feeding on recovery profile in mild acute pancreatitis." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20202414.
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Background: Acute pancreatitis is a pestilent disease with severity ranging from mild and self-limiting to a rapidly progressive illness leading to multi organ failure. Mild acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas with minimal remote organ involvement. Since the disturbance in the homeostasis is minimal, the treatment aims at supporting the native reparative processes of the body. One of the main supportive mechanisms is adequate nutritional supplementation. Gut barrier damage in the early phase of acute pancreatitis accounts for the bacterial translocation, initiation of sepsis, infected pancreatic necrosis and SIRS. Aim of the study was to determine the feasibility, advantages and disadvantages of early enteral nutrition in mild acute pancreatitis.Methods: 40 patients taken consecutively from units which start enteral feeds before 48 hours (study group) were compared against 40 patients taken consecutively from units where patients will be kept fasting for 48 hours (control group) to determine whether early enteral feeding is better in determining the recovery in terms of duration of hospital stay, reduction in abdominal symptoms and use of analgesics.Results: There was significant reduction in the duration of hospital stay (p=0.011), intensity and duration of abdominal pain, need for analgesics, and risk of oral food intolerance in the study group.Conclusions: Patients with mild acute pancreatitis can safely be started on early enteral feeds. It reduces gastro intestinal adverse effects, abdominal pain and need for analgesics and improves oral food tolerance causing shorter hospital stay.
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Morton, Alison M. "Symposium 6: Young people, artificial nutrition and transitional care The nutritional challenges of the young adult with cystic fibrosis: transition." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 68, no. 4 (August 24, 2009): 430–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665109990176.
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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex multisystem disorder affecting mainly the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. Intestinal malabsorption occurs in approximately 90% of patients. In the past, malnutrition was an inevitable consequence of disease progression, leading to poor growth, impaired respiratory muscle function, decreased exercise tolerance and immunological impairment. A positive association between body weight and height and survival has been widely reported. The energy requirements of patients with CF vary widely and generally increase with age and disease severity. For many young adults requirements will be 120–150% of the age-related estimated average requirement. To meet these energy needs patients are encouraged to eat a high-fat high-energy diet with appropriate pancreatic enzyme supplements. Many patients are unable to achieve an adequate intake as a result of a variety of factors including chronic poor appetite, infection-related anorexia, gastro-oesophageal reflux and abdominal pain. Oral energy supplements and enteral tube feeding are widely used. Nutritional support has been shown to improve nutritional status and stabilise or slow the rate of decline in lung function. With such emphasis on nutritional intake and nutritional status throughout life, poor adherence to therapies and issues relating to body image are emerging. The median survival of patients with CF is increasing. CF is now considered a life-limiting disease of adulthood rather than a terminal childhood illness. With increased longevity new challenges are emerging that include the transition of young adults with CF to adult services, CF-related diabetes, disordered eating, osteoporosis, liver disease and transplantation.
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Lefebvre, Kathi A., Betsy Jean Yakes, Elizabeth Frame, Preston Kendrick, Sara Shum, Nina Isoherranen, Bridget E. Ferriss, et al. "Discovery of a Potential Human Serum Biomarker for Chronic Seafood Toxin Exposure Using an SPR Biosensor." Toxins 11, no. 5 (May 23, 2019): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11050293.
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Domoic acid (DA)-producing harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been present at unprecedented geographic extent and duration in recent years causing an increase in contamination of seafood by this common environmental neurotoxin. The toxin is responsible for the neurotoxic illness, amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), that is characterized by gastro-intestinal distress, seizures, memory loss, and death. Established seafood safety regulatory limits of 20 μg DA/g shellfish have been relatively successful at protecting human seafood consumers from short-term high-level exposures and episodes of acute ASP. Significant concerns, however, remain regarding the potential impact of repetitive low-level or chronic DA exposure for which there are no protections. Here, we report the novel discovery of a DA-specific antibody in the serum of chronically-exposed tribal shellfish harvesters from a region where DA is commonly detected at low levels in razor clams year-round. The toxin was also detected in tribal shellfish consumers’ urine samples confirming systemic DA exposure via consumption of legally-harvested razor clams. The presence of a DA-specific antibody in the serum of human shellfish consumers confirms long-term chronic DA exposure and may be useful as a diagnostic biomarker in a clinical setting. Adverse effects of chronic low-level DA exposure have been previously documented in laboratory animal studies and tribal razor clam consumers, underscoring the potential clinical impact of such a diagnostic biomarker for protecting human health. The discovery of this type of antibody response to chronic DA exposure has broader implications for other environmental neurotoxins of concern.
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Ojo, F. T., O. A. Idowu, K. O. Ademolu, and J. O. Olukunle. "In vivo anthelmintic potentials of Gongronema latifolium and Picralima nitida against gastrointestinal parasite (Heligmosomoides bakeri)." Helminthologia 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0033.
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Summary Gastrointestinal parasites which are responsible for soil-transmitted helminthiases cause illness globally. The control of helminthiasis depends on mass distribution of anthelmintics which has been reported for its resistance, toxicity and low efficacy. In this study, anthelmintic potentials of Gongronema latifolium and Picralima nitida which have wide application in traditional medicine were determined in vivo using Heligmosomoides bakeri a naturally occurring gastro-intestinal parasite of rodents that is closely related to highly prevalent human nematode parasites. Extracts of P. nitida at 500 mg/kg had higher (p< 0.05) chemosuppression (92.45 %) than extracts of G. latifolium (65.82 %) and was highly comparable to albendazole (92.61 %). As the dose of the extracts increased from 300 to 500 mg/kg body weight, chemosuppression of 84.91 % and 92.45 % (P. nitida) and 43.54 % and 65.82 % (G. latifolium) respectively were produced. The extract of P. nitida gave deparasitization rates (p<0.05) of 72.60 % and 77.16 % at 300g/kg and 500mg/kg of body weight respectively. The glucose level and protein content reduced (p<0.05) in mice treated with extract of P. nitida when compared with extract of G. latifolium and untreated mice. Phytochemical screening revealed that P. nitida and G. latifolium contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and polyphenols. Acute toxicity studies showed that Gongronema latifolium and Picralima nitida have no apparent toxic effect in mice even at the dose of 5000 mg/kg. Extracts of P. nitida and G. latifolium have anthelmintic properties that are dose-dependent, and this could offer potential lead for the development of safe, effective and affordable anthelmintics.
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Sultan, Asfia, Afaf Shuaib, Meher Rizvi, Fatima Khan, Rama Chaudhry, and Chandan Kumar Thakur. "Scrub Typhus: An Emerging Etiology among Undiagnosed Febrile Cases in Western Part of Uttar Pradesh, India." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 16, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.16.1.60.
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Scrub typhus is a re-emerging zoonotic rickettsial disease and is prevalent in many parts of India. Scrub typhus in Uttar Pradesh is virtually unknown but has shown emergence in recent reports. In this context, a prospective study was planned to analyze the prevalence and clinic-epidemiological parameters of scrub typhus in febrile patients present in JNMC hospital. Patients of >15 years with undiagnosed acute febrile illness of more than 5 days with or without acute respiratory failure and acute renal failure (ARF) were included in the study. Clinical profile was recorded through predesigned proforma. Blood samples were collected and serological tests were performed. PCR was performed on whole blood samples of positive patients. Total 414 patients, who were negative for other common febrile etiologies, i.e.: malaria, dengue, enteric fever were included in the study. Out of 414 patients, 112 (27%) were found positive for scrub typhus by ELISA and micro-immunofluorescence (MIF). PCR was negative in all cases. Slight male predominance (52.6%) was observed. Significant number of positive cases 90(80.3%) were between 18-46 years of age (P value <0.05). Majority of cases appeared during winter season Respiratory involvement was significant in positive cases (P value <0.05). Among the gastro-intestinal symptoms, diarrhea and vomiting were also significant (P value <0.005). All the patients responded to the treatment. No complications and mortality was observed. Scrub typhus should be considered in undiagnosed febrile patients coming from rural and agricultural background with respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Serology is reliable in the diagnosis of scrub typhus as molecular testing is costly, labor intensive and not helpful.
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Twisk, Frank. "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) or What? An Operational Definition." Diagnostics 8, no. 3 (September 8, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics8030064.
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Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), identified as a new clinical entity with distinctive features in 1956, was originally considered as a neuromuscular disease. In 1988 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention introduced the ill-defined concept of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). As predicted, CFS, unjustly considered to be a synonym for ME, pushed ME to the background. To develop effective therapies for of ME and CFS, it is essential to investigate patients with ME specifically. For that reason, an operational definition of ME is indispensable. This article proposes an operational definition based on the most recent formal definitions and symptoms observed in ME. ME is a multi-systemic illness, which (1) often has a sudden onset, in most cases a respiratory and/or gastro-intestinal infection, but a gradual or more dramatic onset is also possible; (2) has an epidemic and an endemic form; (3) has an unique clinical pattern deviating from other post-viral states; (4) is distinguished by muscle fatigability/prolonged muscle weakness after trivial exertion; (5) is accompanied by symptoms relating to neurological disturbance, especially of cognitive, autonomic, and sensory functions; (6) can be accompanied by symptoms associated with cardiac and other systems; (7) is characterized by fluctuation of symptoms (within and between “episodes”); (8) has a prolonged relapsing course; and (9) has a tendency to become chronic. In conclusion, a discriminative definition for ME contains four mandatory elements: (1) muscle fatigability/post-exertional muscle weakness lasting for days; (2) operational criteria for “neurological disturbance, especially of cognitive, autonomic and sensory functions”; (3) fluctuation of symptoms; and (4) a prolonged relapsing course. This tentative definition of ME justifies the qualification “neuromuscular disease”.
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Joshi, Prakash, Bishnu Rath Giri, Najala Khatun, Bina Prajapati, and Subhana Thapa Karki. "An audit of Pediatrics Inpatients in General Pediatrics Department of Tertiary Care Children’s Hospital." Nepal Medical Journal 2, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37080/nmj.41.
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Introduction: In Nepal currently there are very few reports about disease spectrum in pediatric inpatients. This study was conducted to determine the pattern of morbidity among pediatric inpatients aiming that the result thus obtained will help in proposing strategies for future healthcare planning and resource allocation.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at Kanti Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017, after taking ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee (Ref. no:14/075-076) of the hospital. Data on age, sex, diagnosis, date of admission and discharge was extracted from hospital record of 5,128 admitted children. Data were entered into MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS 16. The results were expressed as number, proportion and median.
Results: Out of 5,128 admitted patients 3,240 (63.18%) were male and 1,888 (36.81%) female. Children between 1 to 60 months were 3,225 (62.89%) of which infant constitute 1617 (50.13%). The leading causes of hospitalization were pneumonia, sepsis, enteric fever, bronchiolitis, congenital heart diseases and nephrotic syndrome constituting 898 (17.51%), 658 (12.83%), 274 (5.34%), 268 (5.22%), 227 (4.42%) and 221 (4.30%) of total admission respectively. System-wise, respiratory tract infection 1,308 (25.50%) was most common followed by ‘Other infectious diseases’ 1069 (20.85%), nephrology 607 (11.83%), gastro-intestinal tract 592 (11.54%), neurology 487 (9.49%), hematology 281 (5.47%) and cardiac system 278 (5.42%).
Conclusions: Majority of the children affected were under-five, residing outside the capital city. Respiratory infection and other infectious diseases were major cause of childhood morbidity. Programs like Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) needs to be strengthened, in resource poor country like ours.
Keywords: Inpatients; morbidity; neonate.
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Afzal, Saira, Mustehsan Bashir, Muhammad Arif Khan, Javaria Tehzeeb, Anum Manzoor, Aaila Sajid Dar, Muhammad Umair, et al. "RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL SUPPORT DURING PREGNANCY WITH THE RISK OF NON-SYNDROMIC ORAL CLEFTS: A CASE � CONTROL STUDY." Annals of King Edward Medical University 21, no. 4 (January 8, 2016): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v21i4.769.
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AbstractOral clefts are divided into cleft lip, cleft palate and cleft lip along with cleft palate. Cleft palate is defined as an inability of palatal shelves to approximate and close during the first months of embryogenic period thus leaving an opening in the roof of the mouth and forming communication between the nasal and oral cavities.Objective:To determine the relationship of risk of oral clefts with parental health and social support.Study Design: Case Control Study.Study Setting and Duration:Various hospitals in Lahore and 3 month duration.Materials and Methods:A Case Control Study was conducted. A total of 100 subjects (50 cases, 50 controls) were included. Sampling was done by purposive method. Data was collected with the help of Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire and Social Support Questionnaire after taking their informed consent. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0. Mean and standard deviation were used to describe quantitative variables like age. Test of significance were applied.Results:56% of cases were females and 44% were males. Mean age of mothers was 27 and fathers was 31. Most mothers were uneducated (36%) while most fathers were educated till matric (34%). Income of most parents was in the range of 10,000-20,000 PKR (44%). 24% of controls were females and 76% were males. The associations of oral cleft was found significant with parental respiratory, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, musculoskeletal, skin-related, genitourinary health, easy fatigability, health habits, anxiety, anger, paternal nervous system health, sensitivity, and mater-nal frequency of illness, depression and feeling of inadequacy (p < 0.05). Maternal social support catego-ries indicated that cases were less supported than con-trols: number of persons available and level of satisfaction (p < 0.05).Conclusion:Oral clefts have a multi-factorial etio-logy. Hence, an effective preventive program should take into account parental health and social support factors.Key Words:Non-syndromic Oral Clefts, Parental Health, Social Support.
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Swanson-Mungerson, Michelle Anne, Ryan Incrocci, Vijay Subramaniam, Kinga Radowska, Mary Hall, Philip Williams, and Alejandro Mayer. "Oscillatoria sp. LPS activates human monocytes in a manner that is distinct from E. coli LPS." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 117.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.117.8.
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Abstract Within the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) reside monocyte/macrophages that sample products from normal flora and pathogens. After consumption of the pathogen cyanobacteria, toxins and lipopopolysaccharide (LPS) from this bacterium can induce fever, gastro-intestinal illness, and even death. The toxicity of one species of cyanobacteria, Oscillatoria sp. (Osc-sp.), is not well understood. Previous studies from our laboratories demonstrate that Osc-sp. LPS activates murine B cells, but to a lesser extent than E. coli LPS, due to a decrease in NF-kB and a loss of IRF-3 activation. Since ingestion of Osc-sp. exposes resident GALT monocyte/macrophages to the LPS of Osc-sp., we tested the effects of this cyanobacteria’s LPS on human monocytes. Due to our previous findings we hypothesized that Osc-sp. LPS would activate human monocytes, but may change the predominant functions and cytokines produced in comparison to E. coli LPS. Therefore, we purified monocytes from purchased human buffy coats and activated the cells in the absence or presence of Osc-sp. LPS or E. coli LPS. Our data indicate that Osc-sp. LPS activates monocytes to proliferate and upregulate markers important for T cell activation to a lesser extent that E. coli LPS. In contrast, Osc-sp. LPS was able to induce greater phagocytosis of FITC-Dextran and produce a different cytokine environment when compared to E. coli LPS. These findings indicate that Osc-sp. may be more effective in activating certain functions of human monocytes than E. coli LPS, in contrast to its effects on murine B cells. As cyanobacteria, such as Osc-sp., continue to contaminate our fresh water sources, our understanding of the toxic effects of these bacteria on humans and animals will be critical.
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Nam, B. "Clinical Characteristics in Panic Disorder Patients in Emergency Department." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S682—S683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1428.
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IntroductionPanic disorder is a widespread mental illness associated with the use of high levels of emergency care. However, the clinical characteristics of patients with panic disorder in the emergency department are not known.ObjectivesThis study was designed to investigate datas related to panic attack and treatment in emergency room of panic disorder patients who visited emergency room for panic attack.MethodsA retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted on 92 patients with panic disorder who visited Chungju Konkuk university hospital emergency department due to panic attack and had bodily symptoms from 1st January 2010 to 31th December 2019. In addition to demographic characteristics and comorbid disorders, triggering stressors and alcohol consumption were corrected as pre-panic attack datas, bodily symptoms at the time of panic attack were corrected as datas during attack, electrocardiogram trial, consultation with psychiatrist, admission and information of used psychotropic drugs were corrected as post-attack data. Depending on size of data, Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used. Collected data was analyzed using R 4.03.ResultsCardiovascular disease was accompanied by 5.4% and depressive disorder was the most common coexisting mental disorder. Among triggering stressors, economic problem/work-related stress was significantly higher in men than women (x2=4.322, p<0.005). The most common physical symptom during attack was circulatory (65.2%), followed by respiratory (57.6%), numbness-paralysis (33.7%), dizziness (19.6%), gastro-intestinal (14.1%) and autonomic symptom (12.0%). Electrocardiogram was taken at higher rate when patients complained circulatory symptom (x2=8.46, p<0.005). The psychotropic drug most commonly used in emergency room was lorazepam, used in 92.1%.ConclusionsThe most common bodily symptom during panic attack was circulatory symptom and the most common triggering stressor in men was economic problem/work-related stress. The most commonly used psychotropic for panic attack was lorazepam.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Mine, Sohtaro, Shotaro Hagiwara, Amane Tagashira, Toru Igari, and Akiyoshi Miwa. "Exposure to Novel Agents Contribute to Extramedullary Spread of Multiple Myeloma Cells and Altered Expression of Adhesion Molecules: A Clinicopathologic Study of 91 Consecutive Autopsy Cases." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1832.1832.
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Abstract Abstract 1832 Background Recent development of novel agents such as bortezomib, lenalidomide, and thalidomide improved the remission rate and survival of multiple myeloma. However, the end stage of myeloma is still uncontrollable. The extramedullary disease (EMD) progression of myeloma was frequently observed in heavily treated patients, whereas few data exist about its incidence and predictive factors. It is well known that adhesion molecules play a role in disease progression and drug resistance. We investigated factors associated with the EMD progression based on the autopsy cases. In addition, the effect of the exposure to novel agents on the expression of adhesion molecules on myeloma cells was analyzed. Methods We reviewed autopsy reports and medical records of 91 multiple myeloma cases between 1979 and 2012 at the National Medical Center for Global Health and Medicine in Tokyo, Japan. The sites of myeloma cell invasion, infection, hemorrhage and renal complications were studied gross and microscopically. Patient profile, duration of illness, type of monoclonal gammopathy, clinical stage and history of treatment were studied. Durie & Salmon's criteria was used for diagnosis and staging. Factors associated with EMD were statistically analyzed using Student's t-test and the chi-square test. NCAM, VCAM, ICAM, and LFA-1 immunostaining in the bone marrow was performed. Results In 91 autopsy cases, 62.6% was male. Mean age and the duration of illness was 63.0 (38–85) years old and 40.6 months (1–156). Eighteen patients (19.8%), 23 (25.3%), and 15 (16.4%) were treated with novel agents, SCT and both respectively. EMD progression of myeloma cells was observed in 65 patients (71.4%). Frequent sites of EMD were spleen (48.9%), liver (37.8%), kidney (31.1%), lymph nodes (28.6%), lung (25.6%), pancreas (20.0%), and gastro-intestinal tract (18.9%). The incidence of EMD was significantly higher in patients treated with novel agents than in patients without novel agents (94.4% vs. 65.8%, p=0.016). The risk factors of EMD were novel agents, longer duration of illness, and adverse cytogenetic abnormalities. In the cases with novel agents, the expression of NCAM was significantly low (11.1% vs. 57.4%, p=0.049) compared to the cases without novel agents. However, the expression of VCAM was significantly higher in the cases with novel agents than the cases without novel agents (40.0% vs. 0%, p=0.01). Conclusion Multi-organ involvement of myeloma is not rare in autopsy cases of the disease. Exposure to novel agents may contribute to extramedullary spread of myeloma cells and altered expression of adhesion molecules. Further study on other adhesion molecules is needed. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Zaman, Shahana, Muhammad Abdur Rahim, Mehruba Alam Ananna, Ishrat Jahan, Tufayel Ahmed Chowdhury, Sarwar Iqbal, Khwaja Nazim Uddin, and Zafar Ahmed Latif. "Risk factors for acute kidney injury among patients with chikungunya: a multi-center experience from the 2017 chikungunya outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh." BIRDEM Medical Journal 9, no. 3 (September 11, 2019): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v9i3.43079.
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Background: Chikungunya is an emerging viral infection in Bangladesh. This self-limiting febrile illness may have acute life-threating features including cardiomyopathy and encephalitis. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is less well described complication of chikungunya. This study was designed to evaluate risk factors for AKI among patients with chikungunya virus infection.
Methods: This case-control study was done in 3 different centers in Dhaka, Bangladesh from July to October 2017. Adult patients (>18 years) with confirmed diagnosis of chikungunya were included in this study. AKI was diagnosed as per Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. Patients suffering from chikungunya complicated by AKI were cases and those without AKI were controls.
Results: Total patients were 107 (male 61) with a mean age of 35.6 (range 19-84) years. Common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (DM) (20.6%), hypertension (17.8%) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (12.1%). Common presentations included fever (86.9%) or recent history of fever (13.1%), joint pain (88.8%), rash (23.4%), pruritus (15.9%), gastro-intestinal (GI) features like diarrhea and/or vomiting (28%), lymphadenopathy (12.1%), gum swelling/oral ulcer (4.1%) and oedema (8.4%). Fourteen (13.1%) patients required hospitalization. Eleven (10.3%) cases were complicated by AKI. Among the risk factors for AKI, comorbidities like DM (OR 28.73, 95% CI 5.57-148.10, p 0.0001) and CKD (OR 31.0, 95% CI 2.94-326.7, p <0.0001), GI features (OR 16.07, 95% CI 3.22-80.14, p 0.0007), requirement of hospitalization (OR 23.10, 95% CI 2.37-226.31, p <0.0001) and use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) (OR 6.65, 95% CI 1.77-24.98, p 0.005) were significant.
Conclusions: One-tenth of adult patients suffering from chikungunya were complicated by AKI in this study. DM, CKD, diarrhea and/or vomiting, hospitalization and use of ACEIs/ARBs appeared as significant risk factors for AKI.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 193-196
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Islam, A. T. M. Rafiqul, Mahadiy Hasan, Tahidul Islam, Ashikur Rahman, Shawon Mitra, and Subroto K. Das. "Ethnobotany of Medicinal Plants Used by Rakhine Indigenous Communities in Patuakhali and Barguna District of Southern Bangladesh." Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine 25 (January 1, 2020): 2515690X2097158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515690x20971586.
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An extensive study has been made to identify, document, and investigate the ethnomedicinal plants used by Rakhine ethnic minorities in Patuakhali and Barguna District of southern Bangladesh for the term of April 2018 to June 2019. In this article, we have focused on the Rakhine population trends, management concerns, and some actions for conserving the Rakhine population diversity in the study area. In this study, we have identified the locations where Rakhine population lives in Patuakhali and Barguna districts. A total of 86 plant species belonging to 71 genera and 43 families were reported to be used for treating more than 57 various physical ailments under 14 illness categories from the study area. For each of the species, the botanic name, common name, Rakhine name, family, habit, parts used and traditional medicinal uses of the plant species have been presented. The maximum numbers of ethnomedicinal plant species were utilized to treat gastrointestinal complaints (43) taken after by the treatment of dermatological issues (36). The highly cited (75.60%) plant species were found to be Ananas comosus and Aegle marmelos used for gastro-intestinal (Stomach pain, indigestion, and dysentery) digestive disorders and subsequently followed by Colocasia esculenta (70.73%) used for cut, bleeding and wound healing. The results of this study have shown that Rakhine indigenous communities still depend on conventional plant-based medication to remedy various diseases and therapeutic purposes in the study area. Our findings have also shown that despite there have adequate phytodiversity in the natural habitat of the study area but the number of Rakhine population has been declining significantly day-by-day. As an ultimate result, we have lost the plant-based traditional medicinal knowledge of Rakhine indigenous communities in Bangladesh. As a rich source of traditional knowledge and cultural diversity, it calls for urgent initiatives to conserve the cultural heritage of the Rakhine community as well as the diversity of Rakhine ethnic group.
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Akram, Arifa, Lubana Akram, Uzzal Kumar Ghosh, MF Abiduzzaman, and Shaidur Rahman. "Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Dengue Fever among Children: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 17, no. 2 (December 10, 2023): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v17i2.69294.
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Background: Dengue fever is an arboviral illness spread by mosquitoes and is now a major public health issue on a global scale. Unfortunately, only few studies have documented unusual clinical characteristics of dengue among children. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the gastro intestinal manifestations of dengue infected children during 2019 dengue outbreak in Dhaka city. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Virology at National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh among confirmed cases of dengue fever (Children aged less than 12 years) admitted in the pediatric ward of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Kurmitola General Hospital, Sir Sallimullah Medical College Hospital, Dr M R Khan Sishu Hospital and BSMMU in Dhaka from June 2019 to November 2019 for period of six months. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire via face-to-face interview from guardian of the children. The investigation profile was collected from their hospital records. Results: Out of confirmed 200 pediatric dengue patients, children with dengue had an average age of 9.8±2.7 years with a slight female predominance. The majority (36.5%) of the children belonged to the age group of 5 to 9 years. Among 200 patients, 42 patients diagnosed as severe Dengue according to WHO classification. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common associated feature, including mostly Nausea/vomiting (81.0%), abdominal pain (61.0%), ascites (29.0%), hepatomegaly (19.0%), diarrhoea (13.0%) and others. Elevation of transaminases was found in 40.0% of the children. About 30% of the patients had platelet count more than or equal to 50000 and hematocrit more than 40 was observed in 12% patients. Atypical manifestations such as acalculous cholecystitis, acute fulminant hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, parotitis, AKI and paralytic ileus were noted in small number of patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, fever with vomiting and abdominal pain are common presentations of dengue fever. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, July 2023;17(2):66-70
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Rahman, Shahana Akhter, Kamrul Laila, Mujammel Haque, Mohammed Mahbubul Islam, Manik Kumar Talukder, and Mohammad Imnul Islam. "COVID-19 Related Multi System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Scenario from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 49, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62417.
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Background: An association of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) with SARS-CoV-2 infection is now a well-established serious phenomenon and been increasingly reported from different countries. Objectives: The present study documents the presentation, management and immediate outcome of MIS-C patients from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh. Study design: This was a retrospective study. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of pediatrics, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It included all the eligible MIS-C patients diagnosed during the study period (August 2020 to February 2022). Sixty cases fulfilled the diagnostic criteria and they had been included in the study. Data were collected using a predesigned and pre-tested questionnare from hospital records and also by interviewing the patients/parents over telephone when required. Results: Mean age of the children was 6.8year with F: M ratio of 1.2:1. All the sixty cases presented with fever associated with gastro-intestinal complications in 68% followed by other symptoms. Fifty two cases (87%) had known contacts. Laboratory evidence ofSARS-CoV-2 infection was present in 55% cases having positive serology or RT-PCR. Twelve patients (20%) had pre-existing co- morbidities. Majority of patients (48%) presented with Kawasaki Disease (KD) like illness. Mean neutrophil count, ESR, CRP, ferritin, LDH and D-dimer were higher and mean platelet and lymphocyte count were lower in this series. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) level was raised in all theseventeen (28%) patients, who were tested. Sixteen patients (27%) had chest X-ray abnormalities and ten of them had HRCT involvement. Fifteen (25%) patients had abnormalities in abdominal ultrasonogram. Coronary artery dilatation and ventricular dysfunction was present in seventeen (28%) and thirteen (22%) of MIS-C cases. IVIG and intravenous steroid was used in forty one (68%) and thirty nine (65%) children. Aspirin was given to twenty eight (47%) cases. Inotropic support was needed in 17% cases. Antibiotics were prescribed to all the patients. Fifty seven percent and 37% children were discharged without and with complications respectively. Mechanical ventilation was required in 6.6 % children who had pre-existing co-morbidities and all of them expired. Conclusion: Forty eight percent of MIS-C cases presented with KD like illness. Mortality was 6.6% and all the cases had preexisting comorbidities. MIS-C is a pediatric emergency and is of a great concern especially in children with pre-existing co-morbidities. Early diagnosis and referral to tertiary center for optimum management is essential. Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 22-31