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Jackson, Paul Taylor. "Gastric emptying studies in childhood." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328147.
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Anvari, Mehran. "Mechanics of gastric emptying and the influence of gastric surgery /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha637.pdf.
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Van, der Velde Peter. "Regulation of gastric emptying and food intake." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ47918.pdf.
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Baker, Simon James. "The equine stomach : intragastic pH & gastric emptying." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363043.
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Treacy, Peter John. "Pyloric motor function in the control of gastric emptying /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdt784.pdf.
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Kelly, Kilian. "Modulation of gastric emptying to improve drug absorption profiles." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415218.
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Vist, Gunn Elisabeth. "Factors affecting the rate of gastric emptying in man." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1992. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU554377.
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The major factors influencing the rate of gastric emptying are volume, energy density and osmolality, and these were studied in a series of experiments. The time course of gastric emptying has been systematically evaluated using a double sampling gastric aspiration technique. Results showed dilute (2&'37) glucose solutions to empty from the stomach at the same rate as water; increasing the glucose concentration to 4&'37 or above delayed the rate of gastric emptying in proporition to the carbohydrate content. Dilute (4&'37 or less) isoenergetic solutions of glucose, glucose polymer and rice powder are emptied at the same rate. A protein hydrolysate solution isoenergetic with a 7&'37 glucose solution was emptied at the same rate as the glucose solution. When concentrated (18.8&'37) isoenergetic solutions of glucose and glucose polymer solutions were compared, the glucose polymer solution was emptied faster than the isoenergetic glucose solution. Isosmotic solutions of glucose and glucose polymer, and of glucose and protein hydrolysate were also compared; the solutions which had the highest energy density were emptied at the slowest rate. It appears that for water and dilute (2&'37) glucose solutions, a rapid rate of emptying can be maintained when the volume in the stomach is maintained high. Concentrated carbohydrate solutions (8.4&'37 or above) result in such strong negative feedback mechanisms that the rate of emptying remains slow although the volume in the stomach is high. In conclusion, although there is an interaction between volume, energy density and osmolality in the regulation of the rate of gastric emptying, energy density is the factor having the greatest effect in regulating the rate of gastric emptying or carbohydrate-containing solutions in man.
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Horner, Katy M. "Gastric emptying, appetite, energy intake and exercise in males." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/65273/1/Katy_Horner_Thesis.pdf.
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The main aim was to expand existing knowledge on the influence of physical activity on gastric emptying and appetite control. Through a series of three complementary research studies interactions between exercise, gastric emptying, appetite and energy intake were investigated in males. Relationships with body composition and energy expenditure were also addressed.
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Fraser, R. J. L. "Relationship between gastric emptying and organisation of antropyloroduodenal pressure waves /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf842.pdf.
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Baxter, J. N. "Gastric and gallbladder emptying : A study of patterns and relationships in normal subjects, duodenal ulcer and post-vagotomy patients." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382014.
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Grybäck, Per. "Development of nuclear medicine methods for gastric and small bowel motility : effects of GLP-1 on gastric emptying /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-393-0/.
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Beard, Glenn Charles. "The effect of carbonated solutions on gastric emptying during prolonged cycling." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722239.
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The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of solute carbonation and carbohydrate (CHO) concentration on gastric emptying during prolonged cycling. Eight highly trained male cyclists completed four two hour cycling bouts during which one of four test solutions were consumed. The test solutions consisted of a carbonated 10 % CHO solution (CK), a non-carbonated 10 % CHO solution (NCK), a carbonated non-CHO solution (CNK), and a noncarbonated non-CHO solution (NCNK). Approximately 150 ml (8.5 ml/kg/hr) of one of the test solutions were consumed every fifteen minutes. The first 105 minutes of each trial was a continuous ride on an electrically braked cycle ergometer at 70 % V02 max. The last fifteen minutes of each trial was a self paced "performance ride" on an isokinetic cycle ergometer. The subjects were instructed to complete as much work (kilojuoles) as possible during the performance ride. Gastric contents were aspirated within five minutes following the performance ride and analyzed to determine the amount of the original test solution emptied.Of the original1273 ml ingested during each trial, the volumes emptied were 993.6 ±78.1, 1064.6 ±75.3, 1097.4 ±94.2, and 1147.2 ±95.9 ml (±SE) for CK, NCK, CNK, NCNK, respectively. The only significant difference was between trials CK and NCNK (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in total work output between any of the trials. However, when the performance data from the CHO trials were pooled and compared to the combined data from the non-CHO trials, total work output was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the CHO group (1185.19 + 21.81, and 1092.85 + 21.52 Kj (+ SE) for the CHO and non-CHO groups, respectively). These data suggest that carbonated or 10 % CHO solutions, independent of one another, may not significantly inhibit gastric emptying. They also suggest that there may be some interaction between carbonation and CHO concentration which caused an additional inhibition of emptying. In addition, the potential for improved performance exists with the consumption of 10 % CHO solutions.Human Performance Laboratory
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Yau, Mo Wah Adora. "Gastric emptying in humans : carbohydrate ingestion, gastrointestinal hormones and genetic variation." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2014. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/578914/.
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The prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise substantially across the world. It is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide and is associated with a large number of comorbidities that present a perpetual burden on healthcare costs. Much of the recent work to understand and address the problem of obesity has focused on the role of gastrointestinal hormones on the regulation of appetite, satiety, and food intake, and how interventions such as physical activity and exercise can affect the secretion of these hormones. However, the gastrointestinal system and the role of gastric emptying are often overlooked. The aim of this thesis was to enhance understanding of the physiology and regulation of gastric emptying and its interactions with carbohydrates. This will help in the development of novel non-pharmacological dietary interventions or foods that can modulate appetite and energy intake. A series of studies on human volunteers are presented in this thesis. Firstly, the gastric emptying rate of different 6% simple sugar solutions (water control, fructose, glucose, sucrose, 50:50 fructose and glucose) and gut hormone responses of circulating acylated ghrelin, active glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and insulin were investigated. Hepatic metabolism and function in response to the different simple sugar solutions were also examined. The time of maximal gastric emptying rate (Tlag) differed significantly between between sucrose and glucose solutions. Differences in insulin and GIP responses between fructose containing solutions and glucose only solutions were also seen. No differences in hepatic metabolism measures or function were observed following the intake of 36 g of the various test sugars. However, lactate production was significantly greater for fructose containing solutions. Following on from these results, the effect of increased dietary fructose intake on gastric emptying rate of glucose and fructose was investigated. Three days supplementation with 120g/d fructose resulted in acceleration of gastric emptying rate of a fructose but not a glucose solution. No significant differences in the circulating concentration of gastrointestinal hormones, but subtle differences in responses over time were suggested which may explain the specific monosaccharide adaptations of gastric emptying. Further work is required to confirm this and to investigate the longevity and reversibility of the gastrointestinal adaptation and the mechanism involved. Lastly, several tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the GLP-1 receptor gene were associated with gastric emptying rate. Further work is required on the regions identified to pinpoint the exact SNP or SNPs responsible.
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Holmes, Sandra Luberata. "Gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with diabetes." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version (on campus access only), 2007. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2007_002_holmes_index.html.
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Thesis (M.S. )--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2007.Title from title page screen (viewed on April 18, 2008 ). Research advisor: Mona N. Wicks, Ph.D., RN. Document formatted into pages (xi, 109 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-86).
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Robertson, Margaret Denise. "Kinetics of starch digestion and glucose assimilation in normal and colectomized humans." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362476.
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Montfort-Steiger, Veronica. "Carbohydrate intake in adolescent cyclists : habitual intake, endurance performance and gastric emptying." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418779.
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Parr, Nigel John. "The role of small bowel resistance in the regulation of liquid gastric emptying." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235521.
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Mitchell, Joel Beach. "The effect of carbohydrate ingestion on gastric emptying, glycogen metabolism, and exercise performance." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/533877.
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This study was undertaken to examine the effects of ingestion of different concentrations of carbohydrate (CHO) (H20, 6, 12, and 18 g/100ml- WP, CHO-6, CH0-12, and CH0--18, respectively) on gastric emptying, muscle glycogen metabolism, and performance. Ten trained male cyclists performed four trials of 105 min of continuous cycling at 70% of VO2max. In a fifth trial the subjects completed seven 15-min rides at 70% of VO2max with three min rest between each ride. In all five trials the submaximal rides were followed by an all-out, self-paced 15-min "performance" ride on an isokinetic ergometer (Fitron) interfaced with a computer which calculated the total work output. Every 15 min the men consumed approximately 150 ml (8.5 ml/kg/hr) of one of the four test solutions (in the intermittent trial the men consumed the CHO-12 solution). Blood samples were taken every 15 min for glucose and insulin determination. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis at 0 and 105 min in the WP, and the CHO-12 continuous and intermittent trials. Biopsy samples were assayed for glycogen, and sectioned and stained for myosin ATPase and glycogen to determine single fiber depletion patterns. Gastric residue was determined by intubation following the performance ride. The volume of drink emptied in the CHO-12 and CHO-18 trials was significantly less compared to both the WP and CHO-6 trials, and the volume emptied in the CHO-18 trial was less than in the CHO-12. There were no differences in glycogen use between the water and the two CHO-12 trials. Single fiber depletion patterns showed a trend toward a greater depletion of type I fibers but were not influenced by CHO ingestion. Blood glucose was significantly elevated at 105 min in both CHO-12 and the CHO-18 trials compared to the WP trial. CHO oxidation in both CHO-12 and the CHO-18 trials was significantly higher in the performance ride. Work output in both the CHO-12 trials was significantly elevated compared to the WP. These data demonstrate that 12 and 18% CHO solutions retarded gastric emptying, but that adequate CHO was delivered to enable enhanced performance in the CHO-12 trials. The fact that glycogen sparing was not observed suggests that the improved performance may have been due to the maintenance of blood glucose. Single fiber depletion patterns did not explain the performance benefits observed with CHO ingestion.Human Performance Laboratory
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Chaw, Cheng Shu. "The gastric emptying and drug absorption of liquid formulations of 4-aminosalicylic acid." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327130.
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Moxon, Thomas Edward. "Mathematical modelling of gastric emptying and nutrient absorption in the human digestive system." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7857/.
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Mathematical modelling of the digestive system can be achieved by assuming the digestive system is described as a series of ideal reactors. A well formulated model could give an understanding of how food products behave within the body, and offer some predictive possibility allowing the design of functional foods to have tailored nutritional responses. The models developed showed good estimates of the gastric emptying rates and glucose absorption rates for solutions with different viscosities and glucose concentrations, when a feedback mechanism is included. Implementing a population balance for solid breakdown in the stomach allowed for parameters to be linked to meal type. With parameter estimates from experimental gastric emptying of a solid meal being further validated against results for the same food type from different experimental results. The main outcomes of this work are (i) the inclusion of meals viscosity into models, and its effects on the gastric secretion and emptying rate as well as the mass transfer of nutrients in the intestinal lumen, (ii) the inclusion of a feedback mechanism on the rate of gastric emptying, and (iii) the development of a population balance to model solid breakdown within the stomach.
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Mitchell, Catherine Lindsay. "The relationship between motility and gastrointestinal transit of tablets." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244751.
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Symonds, Erin Leigh. "Assessment of gastric emptying in the mouse using the 13C-octanoic acid breath test /." Title page, abstract and introduction only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbs988.pdf.
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Hassan, Bakhita. "Patterns of antro-pyloro-duodenal motility facilitate gastric emptying in healthy pre-term infants /." Title page and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbh353.pdf.
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Jong, Jing-Ming. "Organ volume estimation from magnetic sensor based 3D ultrasound data : application in gastric emptying /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6003.
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Staniforth, David Harold. "A development of some simple measures for assessing gastrointestinal transit in clinical pharmacology with special reference to variability and validity." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267557.
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Vinagre, Adriana Mendes. "Efeito anti-ulcerogenico do extrato de Chlorella vulgaris." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314108.
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Orientadores: Edgard Ferro Collares, Alba Regina Monteiro Souza BritoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A úlcera péptica acomete cerca de 10% da população mundial; inseridos dentro dessa porcentagem estão milhares de brasileiros. Essa patologia é causada por um desbalanço entre os mecanismos protetores e agressores da mucosa, e é resultado da associação de diversos fatores agressores endógenos (ácido, pepsina e bile), fatores exógenos predisponentes às condições de vida (estresse, fumo, álcool, uso continuo de drogas antiflamatórias não esteróides, ingestão de determinados alimentos e a presença do Helicobacter pylori) e a predisposição genética. Atualmente, as terapêuticas utilizadas no tratamento das lesões são: antiácidos, anticolinérgicos, antagonistas de receptores H2 para histamina, inibidores da bomba de próton, antibióticos e mais raramente alguns procedimentos cirúrgicos. A aplicação de qualquer esquema terapêutico com emprego de uma ou mais destas drogas ou procedimento cirúrgico pode ocasionar alguns efeitos colaterais e não obrigatoriamente é eficaz. A utilização de plantas medicinais no tratamento de doenças vem se desenvolvendo na última década. Algumas plantas têm atividade antiulcerogênica. Há evidências que a alga Chlorella vulgaris pode modificar a resposta imune celular, tem atividade antitumoral, antimetastática e antiulcerogênica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a atividade antiulcerogênica da alga Chlorella vulgaris em modelos agudos e um modelo crônico de indução de úlceras. Ratos Wistar foram utilizados para determinação do esvaziamento gástrico (EG) e modelos de úlcera induzida por etanol e ácido acético, enquanto camundongos swiss foram utilizados para os modelos de úlcera através de ligadura do piloro e piroxicam. Para avaliar o efeito sobre o esvaziamento gástrico (EG) do extrato de Chlorella vulgaris (ECV) foi utilizada uma refeição de prova (RP) liquida com extrato nas concentrações de 50mg/mL e 100mg/mL do ECV. Para o estudo dos modelos agudos de ligadura do piloro, etanol e piroxicam e do modelo crônico, foram utilizadas as doses de 250, 500 e 1000mg/kg de ECV para a prevenção e o tratamento das lesões. No modelo crônico também foi utilizada a fração acetato obtida do ECV na dose de 5mg/100g e foi dosada a quantidade de fator de crescimento epidermal (EGF) produzido na região da úlcera. O estudo da toxicidade do ECV foi realizado através da medida de ganho de peso dos ratos e peso dos órgãos como rins, pulmões, fígado e coração, visto que os primeiros sinais da toxicidade dada por um extrato é a perda de peso corporal e dos órgãos.O ECV, nas concentrações empregadas, não interferiu no EG quando preparado como uma RP liquida em comparação com o veículo (água). O extrato não alterou nenhum dos parâmetros bioquímicos como pH, quantidade de H+ e peso do suco gástrico, no modelo de ligadura do piloro. O ECV não preveniu a formação de úlceras no modelo de piroxican, mas evitou a formação de lesões causadas por etanol nas doses de 500 e 1000 mg/kg. Esse efeito desapareceu quando o etanol foi empregado duas horas após o pré-tratamento com ECV na dose de 1000 mg/kg. No modelo de úlcera crônica o ECV, nas doses de 500 e 1000 mg/kg, foi capaz de diminuir significativamente as lesões causadas pelo ácido acético, não alterando no entanto, a quantidade de EGF produzida na zona de cicatrização, quando comparados ao controle água. Além disso, o tratamento prolongado com o ECV na dose de 500 mg/kg alterou significativamente a evolução do ganho de peso desses animais. Em conclusão, o ECV, como complemento alimentar, pode ser uma alternativa no tratamento da úlcera péptica gástrica
Abstract: About 10%of the world¿s population suffer from peptic ulcer, within this percentage we find thousands of Brazilians. This pathology is caused by an unbalance between the protection and attack mechanisms of the stomach lining, and is the result of the association of various endogenous attack factors (pepsin, acid, bile), exogenous factors pertaining to life style (stress, smoking, alcohol intake, continuous use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ingestion of certain types of food and the presence of Helicobacter Pylori) and genetic predisposition. Nowadays, the therapeutic methods used for the treatment of the lesions are: Anti-acids, anti-cholinergic, antagonist H2 receptors for histamine, proton bombs; certain surgical procedures are also applied, though much less frequently. Any therapeutic method that involves the use of one or more of the drugs and/or procedures above mentioned may cause some side effects and is not necessarily effective. The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases has been developing over the past decade. Some plants have an anti-ulcer activity. There is evidence that the Chlorella vulgaris algae may modify cellular immune response, and there is also evidence to its anti-tumor, anti-metastasis, anti-ulcer activity. The objective of this present study was to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of the Chlorella vulgaris algae acute models of ulcer induction and also in one chronic model of ulcer induction. Wistar rats were used to determine gastric emptying (GE) and in models of ulcer induced by ethanol and acetic acid, while swiss mice were used for the piloro ligature and piroxicam ulcer induction models. In order to evaluate the effect of the Chlorella vulgaris extract (ECV) on gastric emptying (GE) a liquid proof meal (PM) with the extract in the concentration of 50mg/l and 100mg/l was usedIn the study of the acute piloro ligature, ethanol and piroxicam models, and in the chronic model, dosages of 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg of ECV were used in the prevention and treatment of the lesions. In the chronic model the fraction of acetate obtained from the ECV in the dosage of 5mg/100g was also used, and the amount of epidermal growth factor (EGF) produced in the region of the ulcer was measured. The toxicity study of the ECV was done by measuring the weight gain of the rats and the weight of their organs i.e. kidneys, lungs, liver, and heart, once the first signs of toxicity by an extract are loss of body and organ weight. The ECV, in the concentration used, did not interfere with the GE when prepared as a liquid PM in comparison to the vehicle (water). The extract did not alter any of the biochemical parameters such as pH, amount of H+ and weight of the gastric juice in the piloro ligature model. The ECV did not prevent the formation of ulcer in the piroxicam model, but it prevented the formation of lesions caused by ethanol in the dosage of 500 and 1000mg/kg. This effect disappeared when ethanol was ministered two hours after the pre-treatment with ECV in the dosage of 1000mg/kg. The chronic ulcer induction model the ECV, in the dosage of 500 and 1000mg/kg, was able to significantly lessen the lesions caused by acetic acid, not altering, however, the amount of EGF produced in the scar tissue area when compared to the water control. Furthermore, the long-term treatment with ECV in the dosage of 500mg/kg significantly altered the evolution of weight gain of these animals. In conclusion, the ECV, as a dietary complement, may be an alternative in the treatment of gastric peptic ulcer
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Sales, Kamila Maria Oliveira. "Estado nutricional, sintomas dispÃpticos e nÃveis de grelina em pacientes portadores de doenÃa de Crohn-correlaÃÃo com a atividade da doenÃa." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14116.
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nÃo hÃA perda de peso à uma queixa comum dos pacientes com doenÃa de Crohn, estando a desnutriÃÃo presente em 30-80% dos portadores dos casos. Foi demonstrado que pacientes com doenÃa de Crohn em inatividade apresentam sintomas dispÃpticos relacionados com alteraÃÃo no esvaziamento gÃstrico. No entanto, a correlaÃÃo da atividade da doenÃa com os parÃmetros antropomÃtricos, nutricionais e de saciedade ainda à objeto de investigaÃÃo. Portanto, o objetivo do nosso estudo foi correlacionar a atividade da doenÃa com o estado nutricional, sintomas dispÃpticos, esvaziamento gÃstrico, saciedade e nÃveis de grelina em pacientes com doenÃa de Crohn. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, analÃtico e quantitativo realizado em vinte pacientes com doenÃa de Crohn, classificados segundo um Ãndice de Atividade de DoenÃa de Crohn (Crohnâs Disease Activity Index â CDAI). Os pacientes foram submetidos a uma avaliaÃÃo nutricional, que se fundamentou na utilizaÃÃo de mÃtodos duplamente indiretos (Ãndice de massa corporal, dobra cutÃnea tricipital e circunferÃncia do braÃo). AlÃm disso, nos pacientes foi avaliado o consumo alimentar atravÃs de um recordatÃrio alimentar. Estes foram tambÃm submetidos a uma anÃlise do tempo de esvaziamento gÃstrico por teste respiratÃrio usando o 13C - Ãcido octanÃico ligado a uma refeiÃÃo sÃlida - e responderam a um questionÃrio validado (QuestionÃrio Porto Alegre de Sintomas DispÃpticos) para avaliar os sintomas dispÃpticos. Outro teste realizado foi o teste de saciedade(drinking test), no qual o paciente ingeriu 15 ml de uma bebida lÃquida padrÃo(Nutridrink), e era lhe perguntado o nÃvel de saciedade atravÃs de uma escala analÃgica. Durante o teste respiratÃrio, foram realizadas coletas de amostras de sangue para dosagem de grelina: basal( jejum) e pÃs-prandial. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes: t de Student, exato de Fisher, Mann-Whitney e correlaÃÃo de Spearman. Observou-se que os parÃmetros CDAI e IMC (p=0,0185) e CB (p=0,023) foram inversamente proporcionais, porÃm nÃo houve diferenÃa estatÃstica entre as correlaÃÃes do CDAI com prega cutÃnea tricipital( p=0,0543). Os pacientes nÃo apresentaram correlaÃÃo da atividade da doenÃa com o esvaziamento gÃstrico ( t Â- p=0,2533; t lag-p=0,3079). Entretanto, houve correlaÃÃo significativa do CDAI com todos os sintomas dispÃpticos (p=0,005). NÃo se verificou correlaÃÃo da atividade da doenÃa e o volume de lÃquido suportado. Entretanto, a atividade da doenÃa influenciou os nÃveis de grelina no pÃs-prandial (p=0,04). CONCLUSÃO: A atividade da doenÃa correlaciona-se com o estado nutricional, a presenÃa de sintomas dispÃpticos e nÃveis de grelina de pacientes portadores de doenÃa de Crohn. Entretanto nÃo existe correlaÃÃo com alteraÃÃes no esvaziamento gÃstrico e saciedade sugerindo que outros mecanismos possam estar envolvidos.
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Levin, Fredrik. "Ghrelin action on gastrointestinal functions and appetite in rat and man /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-746-4/.
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Vinagre, Adriana Mendes. "Efeito de derivados fenilpirazolônicos sobre o esvaziamento sobre o esvaziamento gástrico de líquido em ratos." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308860.
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Orientador: Edgard Ferro CollaresTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: O esvaziamento gástrico (EG) é um processo de transferência do conteúdo gástrico para o intestino delgado, resultante da ação de mecanismos inibidores e estimuladores que controlam a atividade motora do estômago, piloro e duodeno. A dipirona, um derivado da fenilpirazolona, por via intravenosa (iv) e intra-cérebro-ventricular (icv), em ratos, retarda o esvaziamento gástrico (EG) de uma refeição líquida (salina). Quando administrada por via iv, o fenômeno foi abolido pela vagotomia sub-diafragmática e lesão eletrolítica do núcleo para-ventricular do hipotálamo. Em observação adicional, foi demonstrado que este efeito foi bloqueado pela injeção icv de baclofen, um agonista de receptores GABAB. O derivado fenilpirazolônico antipirina injetado iv também retarda o EG de líquido e este efeito foi reduzido significativamente pela vagotomia sub-diafragmática e abolido pela injeção icv de baclofen. Adicionalmente, demonstramos que a administração iv de 4-aminoantipirina (um metabólito da dipirona) diminui o EG de líquido em ratos e, da mesma forma que com a antipirina, foi reduzido significativamente pela vagotomia sub-diafragmática e abolido pela injeção icv de baclofen. Em situações em que há alteração no EG, a participação do estômago no processo pode ser inferida através da determinação in vivo do volume e da complacência gástrica, como indicadores do tônus gástrico. O tônus desta região é resultado, em grande parte, da atividade do nervo vago. Demonstramos que, para as condições de estudo as três drogas aumentam a complacência gástrica. O conjunto destes estudos sugere a participação do sistema nervoso central (SNC) e do nervo vago no fenômeno de retardo do EG induzido por estas drogas. Como somente a dipirona induziu o mesmo efeito quando administrada icv e o retardo do EG induzido pelas três drogas iv foi abolido pela vagotomia sub-diafragmática, em continuidade especulamos que o estímulo inibitório do EG, quando da administração por via iv, chegue ao SNC através de vias aferentes. A capsaicina é uma neurotoxina que administrada a ratos recém nascidos resulta em degeneração irreversível da maioria dos neurônios aferentes periféricos com axônios não mielinizados (fibras C) e de uma minoria de fibras escassamente mielinizadas (fibras A?). Constatamos que a administração desta neurotoxina, no período neonatal, a ratos, aboliu o efeito destas três drogas administradas iv, mas não da dipirona icv, sugerindo a participação das vias aferentes no fenômeno e de que o mecanismo (ou mecanismos) envolvido no efeito da administração dipirona no SNC difere daquele quando a droga é administrada iv. Embora os estudos relacionados ao efeito dos derivados fenilpirazolônicos sobre o EG, indicarem a participação do nervo vago no fenômeno, sabe-se que os efeitos do sistema nervoso simpático e parassimpático sobre os sistemas podem ser sinérgicos, exclusivos e até mesmo concomitantes. O sistema nervoso simpático, que tem efeito inibitório sobre o EG, libera norepinefrina nas terminações pós-ganglionares. Foram identificados subtipos de "alfa"- e ß-adrenoceptores em diferentes níveis do trato gastrointestinal que podem ter participação importante no controle da motricidade gástrica. Há evidências que neurônios aferentes e eferentes do nervo vago possuam beta-adrenoceptores, sendo que o subtipo ß2-adrenoceptor parece ser o predominante. Avaliando a participação do sistema adrenérgico no retardo do EG, os resultados do estudo sugerem: 1) que a simpatectomia química ou o pré-tratamento com propranolol (antagonista não seletivo ß-adrenérgico) aboliram o efeito da dipirona e antipirina e reduziram o da 4-aminoantipirina sobre o EG; 2) como pouco provável que retardo do EG induzido por estas drogas ocorra por ativação de "alfa"1-, "alfa"2-, ß1- , ß2- e ß3-adrenoceptores periféricos. Estes últimos resultados aventam a possibilidade que no efeito destas drogas haja envolvimento da ativação de receptores ß1- e/ou ß2-adrenérgicos no SNC e, que o mesmo, não ocorra em grande parte do efeito da 4-aminoantipirina
Abstract: Gastric emptying (GE) is the process of transfer of the gastric contents to small intestine, as result of inhibitory and stimulatory mechanisms that control the stomach, pylorus and duodenum motor activity. Dipyrone, a phenylpyrazole derivative, administrated intravenously (iv) and intracerebroventricularly (icv), in rats, slows the gastric emptying (GE) of a liquid meal (saline). When administrated iv, this phenomenon was abolished by sub-diaphragm vagotomy and electrolytic lesion of the hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus. In an additional study, it was demonstrated that this effect was blocked by icv injection of baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist. The phenylpyrazole derivative antipyrine when injected by iv slows the GE of liquid also, and this effect was significantly decreased by sub-diaphragm vagotomy and abolished by bacloflen icv injection. Moreover, we demonstrated that the 4-aminoantipyrine (a dipyrone metabolite) administration iv decrease the GE of liquids in rats and as antipyrine, it was significantly reduced by subdiaphragm vagotomy and abolished by bacloflen icv injection. When happen alterations on GE, the stomach activity in this process can be inferred by in vivo determination of gastric volume and complacency, as indicators of gastric tone. The tone of this region is a result, mostly, of vagus nerve activity. We showed that in our studies conditions, the three drugs increased gastric complacence. Putting these results together we suggested the action of central nervous system (CNS) and vagus nerve in the GE retardation induced by these drugs. Taking into account that only dipyrone induced the same effect when administrated icv and that GE retardation induced by the three drugs was abolished by sub-diaphragm vagotomy, we speculated whether the GE inhibitory stimulus, when the drugs were administrated iv, reach the CNS through afferent pathway. The capsaicin is a neurotoxin which when administrated to new born rats, results in irreversible degeneration of the most part of peripheral afferent neurons with unmyelinated axons (fiber C) and a minority of thinly myelinated fibers (fiber A"sigma"). Our studies showed that the administration of this neurotoxin, during neonatal period, nullify the effect of these three drugs when administrated by iv, but didn't when dipyrone was gave by icv, what suggests the role of afferent pathways in this phenomenon and that the mechanism (or mechanisms) involved in the effect of dipyrone administration on CNS id different when the drug is administrated by iv. Although the studies related to phenylpyrazole derivative effects on the GE indicated the action of vagus nerve on this phenomenon, we know that the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic system on the systems can be synergics, exclusives and to concomitant. The sympathetic nervous system, which has inhibitory effect on the GE, releases norepinephrine in the postganglionic endings. It was identified subtypes of "alfa"- and ß- adrenoreceptors in different sites in gastrointestinal tract that may have important roles in the control of gastric motor. It's evidences that afferent and efferent neurons of vagus nerve have beta-adrenoreceptors and the subtype ß2-adrenoreceptor seems to be the predominant. Evaluating the participation of adrenergic system on the GE retardation, the results of our study suggest: 1) the chemistry sympathectomy or the early treatment with propanolol (ß-adrenergic non selective antagonist) abolished the effect of dipyrone and antipyrine and reduced the effect of 4-aminoantipyrine on the GE; 2) it's almost unlikely that the slow GE induce by these drugs occur by activation of "alfa"1-, "alfa"2-, ß1- , ß2- e ß3- peripherics adrenoreceptors. The last results suggest the possibility that in this drugs effects have involvement of receptor ß1- and/or ß2-adrenergics activation on the CNS and that this don't occur at mostly of 4-aminoantipyrine effect
Doutorado
Doutor em Farmacologia
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Silva, MoisÃs Tolentino Bento da. "A sobrecarga aguda cardÃaca advinda de fÃstula aorto-caval retarda o esvaziamento gÃstrico de lÃquidos em ratos acordados." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2740.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorTendo em vista que o comportamento motor do trato gastrointestinal parece ter intima relaÃÃo com a atividade do sistema cardiovascular, decidimos verificar se a redistribuiÃÃo do volume sanguÃneo atravÃs de fistula aorto-caval com agulhas de calibres (21, 23 ou 26G) afeta a motilidade do trato gastrintestinal em ratos acordados. Ratos machos albinos (230 a 280g) foram divididos em grupos falso-operado (FO) ou com fÃstula designados (F), alÃm disso, tiveram grupos fÃstula+sangria (FS), fÃstula+vagotomia (FV) bem como fÃstula+esplancnotomia (FE), todos estudados com 24 horas apÃs a confecÃÃo da fistula com agulha (21G). Os parÃmetros hemodinÃmicos de pressÃo arterial mÃdia (PAM), freqÃÃncia cardÃaca (FC), e pressÃo venosa central (PVC) foram monitorados continuamente e o dÃbito cardÃaco (DC) determinado por termo-diluiÃÃo. ApÃs os procedimentos cirÃrgicos os ratos FO e os (F) tiveram os parÃmetros hemodinÃmicos e o esvaziamento gÃstrico (EG) estudados nos tempos pÃs-prandial (10, 20 ou 30min.). A PA dos ratos (F) tiveram valores inferiores (p < 0,05) quando comparados aos FO (116,3  3,5 vs 101,3  3,3mmHg). Por outro lado, nos ratos (F) houve aumento (p < 0,05) nos valores da PVC (1,9  0,4 vs 5,8  0,6cmH2O) da FC (365,0  7,0 vs 417,0  7,0bpm) e do DC (119,9  9,6 vs 172  5,3ml/min) quando comparados aos ratos FO. Em relaÃÃo ao FO ocorreu uma retenÃÃo gÃstrica nos ratos (F) nos tempos pÃs-prandial 10, 20 e 30min (45,6 Â3,6 vs 57,5  2,1%; 36,4  2,7 vs 50,5  3,3 % e 33,3  2,7 vs 44,7  3,0 %, respectivamente). Os ratos do grupo (FS), apresentaram valores de (EG) inferiores aos animais (F) (36,5  3,2 vs 50,5  3,3%, p<0,05), mas similares aos FO (36,4  2,7%). Em relaÃÃo à vagotomia (FV), a mesma reverteu o retarde no (EG) induzido pela FÃstula (F) (40,4  2,3 vs 50,5  3,3%), em contrapartida, os ratos submetidos a esplancnotomia (FE) nÃo apresentaram diferenÃas com os (F) (50,5  3,3 e 50,1  1,4%). AlÃm do mais, nÃo foi encontrada participaÃÃo da secreÃÃo Ãcida no retarde do (EG) apÃs fÃstula. Portanto, a sobrecarga cardÃaca advinda de fÃstula arteriovenosa com agulhas de calibre (21, 23 ou 26G) alÃm de promover alteraÃÃes nos parÃmetros hemodinÃmicos, induz retarde no (EG) e interfere no trÃnsito intestinal de lÃquidos em ratos acordados. Tal retarde no (EG) inclusive foi abolido apÃs sangria ou vagotomia subdiafragmÃtica prÃvias, mas nÃo havendo alteraÃÃo apÃs esplancnotomia.
In view that the behaviour of gastrointestinal tract seems to have intimate relationship with the activity of the cardiovascular system, we decided to verify whether the redistribution of blood volume through fistula aorto-caval with sizes of needles (21, 23 or 26G) affect the motility of the gastrointestinal tract in rats awaked. Male albino rats (230 to 280g) were divided into groups false-operated (FO) or designated with fistula (F), moreover, had groups fistula + bleeding (FS), fistula + vagotomy (FV) and fistula + esplancnotomy (FE), all with studied 24 hours after preparation of the fistula with needle (21G). Hemodynamic parameters of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP) were monitored continuously and cardiac output (CO) determined by term-dilution. After the surgical procedures the rats FO and (F) had the hemodynamic parameters and gastric emptying (GE) studied in the time post-prandial (10, 20 or 30min.). The MAP of rats (F) had lower values (p <0.05) when compared to FO (116.3 Â 3.5 vs. 101.3 Â 3.3 mmHg). Moreover, in rats (F) increased (p <0.05) the values of CVP when compared to rats FO (1.9 Â 0.4 vs 5.8 Â 0.6 cmH2O), HR (365.0 Â 7.0 vs 417.0 Â 7.0 bpm) and the CO (119.9 Â 9.6 vs 172 Â 5.3 ml / min). In relation the rats the FO was a gastric retention increased in (F) in the time post-prandial 10, 20 and 30min (45.6 Â 3.6 vs 57.5 Â 2.1%; 36.4 Â 2.7 vs 50.5 Â 3.3% and 33.3 Â 2.7 vs 44.7 Â 3.0%, respectively). The rats of the group (FS), showed values of (GE) lower than the animals (F) (36.5 Â 3.2 vs 50.5 Â 3.3%, p <0.05) but similar to FO ( 36.4 Â 2.7%). The vagotomy (FV), it reversed the delay in the (GE) induced by fistula (F) (40.4 Â 2.3 vs 50.5 Â 3.3%), in contrast, the rats undergoing esplancnotomy (FE) showed no differences in comparation with the (F) (50.5 Â 3.3 and 50.1 Â 1.4%). Moreover, was not found involvement of acid secretion in the delays of the (GE) after fistula. Therefore, the overload heart arisen from arteriovenous fistula with needles, size (21, 23 or 26G) to promote changes in hemodynamic parameters, leads decreases the (GE) and interfere in the intestinal transit of liquids in rats awaked. This delay in the (GE) was also abolished after bleeding or prior the subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, but no change after esplancnotomy.
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Adams, Bruce Keith. "The use of scintigraphy to study gastric emptying, motility and small intestinal transit in patients who have ingested a selection of common poisons." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27036.
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Poisoning is common and carries considerable morbidity and mortality. Two to three patients are admitted to the Emergency Unit at Groote Schuur Hospital every day with drug overdose. As absorption occurs in the small intestine the rates at which ingested poisons pass into and through the small bowel are important factors in determining the amount of poison potentially available for absorption. Although the effects of pharmacological doses of many drugs on gastric emptying and motility are known, information on the effects of higher doses is limited. I investigated patients who took overdoses of certain commonly used drugs to determine their effects on gastric emptying and motility and small intestinal transit. The study was divided into two parts. One hundred and four patients were studied in Part 1. These patients took overdoses of tricyclic antidepressants (n = 31), carbamazepine (n = 15), phenytoin (n = 12), paracetamol (n = 29) and opioid-paracetamol mixtures (n = 17). They received standard hospital management of which sorbitol was not a part. Part 2 consisted of sixty-one patients who had sorbitol added to their treatment. These patients had taken overdoses of the tricyclic antidepressants (n = 15), carbamazepine (n = 7), phenytoin (n = 8), paracetamol (n = 13) and opioid-paracetamol mixtures (n = 18). The effects of sorbitol on gastric emptying and small intestinal transit were evaluated. A third study-the paracetamol control test was done on 5 healthy volunteers. Each subject was studied twice; the first time after taking 1 G of paracetamol and the second time after no drug ingestion.
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Mano, Fumika. "Japanese broth promotes gastric emptying and those who intake miso soup frequently have less epigastric symptoms." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/236611.
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Soulsby, Clare Teresa. "Real time measurement of gastric emptying during nasogastric infusion of enteral feed in critically ill patients." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445246.
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Smedh, Ulrika. "Role of corticotropin-releasing factor, somatostatin and leptin in vagal nerve function and control of gastric emptying /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3269-7/.
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Walldén, Jakob. "The influence of opioids on gastric function : experimental and clinical studies." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1762.
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Efter operation och anestesi får patienter ofta en negativ påverkan på magsäck och tarmar. Illamående och kräkningar är ett stort problem och många har svårt att komma igång med intag av föda och normal tarmfunktion då magsäcken och tarmarna ”står stilla”. Flera faktorer bidrar- bl.a. smärtan, det kirurgiska traumat och de läkemedel vi ger i samband med anestesin. Av de senare är opioider, d.v.s morfin och morfinliknande läkemedel, starkt bidragande. I detta avhandlings- arbete har opioiders effekter på magsäckens motilitet studerats. Med ett absorptionstest (paracetamolmetoden) studerades hos frivilliga hur opioiden remifentanil påverkar magsäckstömning och om kroppspositionen har betydelse för tömningshastigheten ut i tarmen. Remifentanil fördröjde magsäcks-tömningen och under pågående opioid behandling hade kroppspositionen ingen större betydelse, vilket det däremot hade under kontrollförsöken. Med samma metod jämförde vi hos patienter två anestesimetoder och studerade magsäcks-tömning direkt efter en operation. Ingen skillnad kunde påvisas mellan en opioidbaserad och en opioidfri anestesi, men inom respektive grupp var det en stor variation i magsäckstömning mellan individerna. Med en barostat studerades tonus i övre delen av magsäcken. Hos hälften av de frivilliga orsakade remifentanil en ökning av tonus och hos den andra hälften en minskning av tonus. Vidare undersöktes hos en grupp patienter opioiden fentanyls påverkan på den elektriska aktiviteten i magsäcken. Med en elekroga-strograf (EGG) registrerades de långsamma elektriska vågor som koordinerar muskelrörelserna i magsäcken. Hos hälften av de undersökta påverkades aktiviteten av fentanyl med en sänkt vågfrekvens eller upphörande av vågor, medan aktiviteten var opåverkad hos den övriga hälften. För att finna en förklaring till variationen gjordes genetiska analyser av genen för opioidreceptorn hos de undersökta i barostat och EGG studierna. Variationer i genomet, s.k. polymorfism, var inte associerad till utfallen i studierna. Studierna har visat på att opioider har en uttalad effekt på magsäckens motilitet och att den varierar kraftigt mellan individer. Polymorfism i genen för opioid- receptorn förklarade inte skillnaden mellan individer. Direkt efter operation bidrar sannolikt andra faktorer än anestesimetod till det variabla utfallet i magsäckstömning.After anesthesia and/or surgical procedures, gastrointestinal motility is commonly impaired. The causes are multifactorial, with surgical trauma, pain and perioperative drugs playing a major role. This thesis explores opioid effects on gastric motility in healthy volunteers and patients undergoing surgery. Gastric emptying was studied by an absorption test (paracetamol method), and in healthy volunteers a remifentanil infusion delayed gastric emptying. Body position altered emptying during the control situations, but not during the remifentanil infusion. Further, two anesthetic methods were compared and no differences were found in immediate postoperative gastric emptying between a remifentanil/propofol based intravenous anesthesia and an opioid free inhalational anesthesia, although the interindividual variability was high. Proximal gastric tone was studied using a gastric barostat. An infusion of remifentanil caused two patterns of reaction regarding gastric tone, with half of the subjects increasing and half decreasing in gastric tone. Gastric myoelectrical activity was evaluated with electrogastrography (EGG), and a bolus dose of fentanyl caused a decrease in frequency of the gastric slow waves or disrupted this activity. However, the activity was unaffected in half of the investigated subjects. Analysis of polymorphisms (A118G and G691C) in the µ-opioid receptor gene was performed to find an explanation for the great interindividual variations seen in the barostat and EGG studies, but no association could be found. These studies have shown that opioids have pronounced effects on gastric motility with variable individual responses that are difficult to predict. Polymorphisms in the µ-opioid receptor gene could not explain the variations. Postoperatively, other factors might contribute more than opioids to the impairment in gastric motility.
ISSN 1652-4063
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Kechagias, Stergios. "Clinical pharmacokinetics of small doses of ethanol : role of gastric emptying and other influences in the upper gastrointestinal tract /." Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/med682s.pdf.
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Xavier, Marcia Arruda Fajardo. "Avaliação cintilográfica do esvaziamento gástrico e do trânsito intestinal após cirurgia bariátrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17137/tde-03032014-141407/.
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o esvaziamento gástrico e o trânsito intestinal em 31 pacientes (sendo 10 controle e 21 com vômitos) após cirurgia bariátrica de DGYR e a relação das alterações destas duas variáveis entre si e com quadro sintomático e ainda tentar definir o tempo de esvaziamento gástrico desejável. O esvaziamento gástrico e o trânsito gastrintestinal foram avaliados mediante cintilografia, segundo técnicas padronizadas e previamente empregadas em outros estudos. A análise das imagens obtidas e armazenadas foi feita mediante o delineamento de regiões de interesse (ROI, da expressão, em Lingua Inglesa, region of interest) correspondendo ao coto gástrico, para a quantificação do esvaziamento gástrico, e para este segmento e também para as porções proximal e distal do intestino delgado e para a região ileocecal, para o trânsito gastrintestinal. A mesma região de interesse foi utilizada para as contagens de todas as imagens consecutivas, para a mesma projeção e para o mesmo paciente. Para a determinação do esvaziamento gástrico, a atividade em cada momento do estudo foi expressa pela média geométrica das contagens das imagens anteriores e posteriores, para correção do efeito da eventual movimentação intragástrica das partículas do radiotraçador (30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos após ingerir a refeição). Foi feita também correção adicional das contagens para compensar o declínio físico do 99m Tecnécio. Ambas as correções foram feitas automaticamente pelo equipamento. As contagens corrigidas permitiram a construção, para cada sujeito do estudo, da correspondente curva de esvaziamento gástrico, expressa como porcentuais de retenção intragástrica do radiotraçador ingerido, em cada um dos momentos de aquisição das imagens. Foi considerado como tempo inicial o momento em que se deu o término da ingestão da refeição contendo o radioisótopo, que corresponderia idealmente a um estado caracterizado por retenção intragástrica alimentar de todo o ingerido (100%). Após a realização da cintilografia, as imagens permaneceram armazenadas num sistema computadorizado acoplado à gama câmara e, no momento da análise, foram então definidas manualmente as ROI correspondentes ao estômago, ao jejuno, ao íleo e à região ileocecal. Em todos os casos, atentou-se para que as áreas destas ROI fossem semelhantes, o que foi feito levando-se em conta o número de pixels englobado por cada uma das regiões. Foi feita uma subdivisão do grupo com sintomas em 2 subgrupos: 8 pacientes com quadro de vômitos e exames de imagem alterados (EDA e seriografia) e 11 pacientes com quadro de vômitos e exames de imagem normais.O teste de Mann-Whitney bicaudal foi utilizado para comparações entre os dois grupos e entre os dois subgrupos. Os resultados foram apresentados como mediana e percentis, com significância de p < 0,05. Para a verificação das correlações entre esvaziamento gástrico e trânsito intestinal foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, com significância de p < 0,05: não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos nos diversos tempos estudados (30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos) com relação ao esvaziamento gástrico. Também não houve diferença significativa com relação ao trânsito intestinal de acordo com o centro geométrico nos tempos 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos. Entretanto, houve diferença significativa entre os dois subgrupos extraídos do grupo com sintomas em todos os tempos do esvaziamento gástrico e nos tempos 0, 30, 60 e 90 minutos do trânsito intestinal (centro geométrico). Não houve diferença significativa entre os subgrupos no tempo 120 e na progressão do centro geométrico. Descritores: esvaziamento gástrico, trânsito intestinal, DGYR.The objective of the present study was to assess gastric emptying and intestinal transit in 31 patients (10 controls and 21 with vomiting as a symptom) after bariatric surgery by RYGB and the relation of the alterations of these two variables between them and with the signs and symptoms, and also to try to define the desirable time of gastric emptying. Gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit were evaluated by scintigraphy according to standardized techniques previously employed in other studies. The images obtained and stored were analyzed by delineating the regions of interest (ROI) corresponding to the gastric stump for the quantitation of gastric emptying and also for the proximal and distal portions of the small bowel and for the ileocecal region, for the gastrointestinal transit. The same ROI was used to count all the consecutive images for the same projection and for the same patient. For the determination of gastric emptying, the activity at each time point in the study was expressed as the geometric mean of the counts of the anterior and posterior images, for the correction of the effect of eventual intragastric movement of the radiotracer particles (30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after meal ingestion). The counts were also additionally corrected to compensate for the physical decline of 99m Technetium. Both corrections were automatically made by the equipment. The corrected counts permitted the construction for each subject of the corresponding gastric emptying curve, expressed as percentage of intragastric retention of the ingested radiotracer at each time of image acquisition. The initial time was considered to be the moment when the ingestion of the meal containing the radioisotope occurred, which would ideally correspond to a state characterized by intragastric retention of all the food ingested (100%). After scintigraphy, the images were stored in a computerized system coupled to the gamma camera and, at the time of analysis, the ROI corresponding to the stomach, jejunum, ileum and ileocecal region were defined manually. In all cases, an attempt was made for these ROI to be similar, by taking into account the number of pixels included in each region. The group with symptoms was divided into 2 subgroups: 8 patients with vomiting and altered imaging exams (UDE and seriography) and 11 patients with vomiting and normal imaging exams. The two-tailed Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the two groups and the two subgroups. Data are reported as median and interquartile range, with significance set at p < 0.05. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlations between gastric emptying and intestinal transit, with significance set at p < 0.05. There was no significant difference between the two groups at the various time points studied (30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) regarding gastric emptying. Also, there was no significant difference regarding intestinal transit according to the geometric center at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. However, there was a significant difference between the two subgroups extracted from the group with symptoms at all times of gastric emptying and at times 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes of intestinal transit (geometric center). There was no significant difference between subgroups at 120 minutes or in the progression of the geometric center.
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Seyhan, Kadir. "Gastric emptying, food consumption and ecological impact of whiting, Merlangius merlangus (L.) in the eastern Irish Sea marine ecosystem." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://e.bangor.ac.uk/4295/.
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Gastric emptying of Sprattus sprattus and Arenicola spp. (gastric lavage) and formulated pellets (X-Ray studies) was investigated in a range of sizes of whiting, Merlangius merlangus fed different meal sizes at different temperatures. Emptying of indigestible solids, barium sulphate spheroids and ballotini were also studied. Additionally stomach contents of whiting sampled from Red Wharf Bay, Eastern Anglesey, UK. were analysed to determine diet composition, diel feeding periodicity and feeding strategy of whiting. Daily and total annual intake of main prey taxa, sprat, sandeel and crab, were estimated. Finally feeding behaviour of whiting in captivity was monitored. With respect to the studies conducted under laboratory conditions, it was found that gastric emptying is best described by a linear function. The results indicated significant changes in gastric emptying rates with both prey type and size. The seasonal change in temperature did not yield a significant change in gastric emptying rate. Increase in diet surface area also did not alter the gastric emptying rate significantly. The results have also shown that in continuously- feeding whiting gastric emptying is affected by the second meal such that the arrival of the second meal is accompanied by rapid emptying of a small fraction of the first meal. Despite difficulties encountered with individual variation among whiting of similar size held under similar conditions, gastric emptying times (GET) for both natural food and formulated pellets can be adequately predicted by the equations: GET = 126.47 W -0.111 g 0.26 e -0.068T for the natural food, GET = 6.6 e -0.09T + 2.48 W0.566 e -0.044T for the formulated pellets; where W is the fish weight (g), S is the meal size (g) and T is the temperature (°C) suggesting that a similar meal size of formulated pellet is emptied faster than natural food, Sprattus sprattus. This was interpreted as evidence that natural diets may reflect a combination of 2 factors (a) the relative size of stimulation to the stomach (% distension) and (b) the existence of protective, fibrous skin which resists digestion. Barium sulphate spheroids of diameter 1 mm (ca 20 per g food) and ballotini of diameter 0.029- 0.049 mm (60-100 per 1.58g) were selectively retained by the whiting stomach, suggesting that these indigestible materials can not be used in gastric emptying studies in whiting. Under laboratory conditions with continuous food availability, medium size whiting (155.25±27.98 g) consumed 5.29 g sprat corresponding to 3.41 %bw (approximately 3 sprat, 1.88g each) at 14 °C. The return of appetite after a single meal was found to follow the gastric emptying curve closely. However if food is not offered directly, but made available through demand feeding, the whiting feed rhythmically (every 21 hours), under these conditions it was estimated that feeding activity returns when the stomach is 40 % full. It wa§ found that, in the wild, whiting prefer fish (Sprattus sprattus and Ammodytes spp. ) and crustaceans and only turn to the polychaetes as a third option, even when they are readily available, when preferred food is scarce. The availability of prey was found to be the main criterion in whiting feeding strategy. In March fish were dominant for most whiting, in August and September/October however, Liocarcinus spp. and Corystes cassivelaunus were the main prey items found in whiting stomach reflecting the availability of these prey species. A highly correlated relationship was found between predator (whiting) and prey (sandeel) length, however this was not noticed for sprat; whiting prey on sprat regardless of its length. An increase in feeding intensity was observed in the morning (August), in the evening (September/October), or at both times, crepuscular feeding pattern, (March). However, when feeding behaviour was investigated under laboratory conditions it was found that whiting is mainly a day time feeder with a slight increase in the morning and in the evening, but some feeding also occurs at night. Additionally a strong tendency was found for crustaceans to be found in fish captured during the daylight hours and fish at night in August and September/October. A linear model to estimate food consumption from the field samples was developed. F= (S2-S1) + 1.5 K T, where S2 and SI are average stomach contents at time tI and t2, K is the gastric emptying rate (gh-1) and T is temperature (°C). The average recruited whiting stock in the area of approximately 150 km2 in Red Wharf Bay was estimated to be 129,000 with a total biomass of 22 tonnes. It was estimated that young whiting (groups 0+ to 3+ years) in Red Wharf Bay eat between 1.29 and 6.57 g day-1 in February. By August, when temperature has maximised, these values increase by approximately 70-80 %. Daily intake of sprat, sandeel and crab was estimated to be 0.41,0.14 and 0.14 g for the 0+ group. This was increased to 0.70,0.80 and 0.94 g by the age of 4. On a daily basis the long-term average of the amount of sprat, sandeel and crab consumed were estimated to be 820, 370 and 520 g/km2/day respectively. Total food consumption per year by the recruited whiting stock in the area studied however was 44.8 tonnes of sprat (approximately 11.5 million sprats), 20 tonnes of sandeel and 28.5 tonnes of crab. These figures were compared with the available data from the North Sea as well as from other parts of the Irish Sea and it was concluded that whiting in the Irish Sea eat more than they do in the North Sea.
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Hedberg, Jakob. "Gastrointestinal Physiology and Results following Bariatric Surgery." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Gastrointestinalkirurgi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-131889.
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The number of operations for morbid obesity is rising fast. We have examined aspects of postoperative physiology and results after bariatric surgery. The pH in the proximal pouch after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) was investigated with catheter-based and wire-less technique. Gastric emptying, PYY-levels in the fasting state and after a standardized meal was evaluated after biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (DS). A clinical trial was undertaken, comparing DS to RYGBP in patients with BMI>48. Main outcome variables were safety and long-term weight results as well as abdominal symptoms and laboratory results. Patients with stomal ulcer had significantly lower pH in their proximal gastric pouch as compared to asymptomatic control subjects. Long-time pH measurements with the wire-less BRAVO-system were feasible and demonstrated pH<4 in median 10.5% of the time in asymptomatic post-RYGBP patients. After DS, the T50 of gastric emptying was 28±16 minutes. PYY-levels were higher after DS than in age-matched control subjects. BMI-reduction was greater after DS (24 BMI-units) than after RYGBP (17 BMI-units) in median 3.5 (2.0-5.3) years after surgery (p<0.001). Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels were lower one and three years after DS as compared to RYGBP. On the other hand, DS-patients reported having more diarrhea and malodorous flatus. This thesis has resulted in deepened knowledge. Acid produced in the proximal pouch is an important pathogenetic factor in the development of stomal ulcer after RYGBP. However, symptom-free patients have an acidic environment in the proximal Roux-limb as well. After DS, gastric emptying is fast, but not instantaneous, and PYY-levels are high. DS results in superior weight reduction and better glucose control as compared to RYGBP in patients with BMI>48. We believe that DS has a place in surgical treatment of the super-obese, even though symptoms of diarrhea and malodorous flatus are more common after DS.
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Edholm, Therese. "The role of incretin peptides and ghrelin in upper gut motility and metabolic control /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-937-8/.
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Fone, David R. "Studies of the function of the human pylorus : and its role in the regulation of gastric emptying / David R. Fone." Title page, contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdf673.pdf.
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Evans, Gethin H. "Fluid movement and availability following ingestion of glucose solutions at rest and after exercise." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12652.
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The consequences of ingesting different carbohydrate solutions on fluid movement and availability have not been systematically examined. In addition, the role of carbohydrate in the post-exercise rehydration period has received little attention despite the need for substrate replenishment following exercise and the role of carbohydrates in stimulating water absorption in the intestine. The aims of this thesis were to assess fluid absorption characteristics and availability of solutions containing increasing concentrations of glucose and to evaluate their role in the restoration and maintenance of fluid balance following a period of exercise-induced dehydration. The ingestion of a single bolus of a commercially available hypertonic 18% carbohydrate solution (chapter 3) and a hypertonic 10% glucose solution (chapter 4) resulted in reductions in plasma volume that are most likely due to acute net secretion of water into the intestinal lumen. When investigating recovery of whole body hydration status after sweat loss, a hypertonic 10% glucose-electrolyte solution maintained whole body fluid balance for a longer period than a hypotonic 2% glucose-electrolyte solution and an electrolyte only solution when a fixed volume of fluid was consumed during a rehydration period of one hour following cycle exercise in the heat (chapter 5). When fluid was consumed ad libitum over a two hour period following similar cycle exercise in the heat, a hypertonic 10% glucose-electrolyte solution was as effective in restoring and maintaining fluid balance as a 2% hypotonic glucose-electrolyte solution and an electrolyte only solution (chapter 6). The reduced rate of gastric emptying that accompanies the ingestion of high carbohydrate solutions was likely to be the primary cause for the difference in urine production reported between thetrials during this study (chapter 7). In conclusion, ingestion of hypertonic carbohydrate solutions results in a reduction in extracellular fluid volume that is most likely due to secretion of water into the intestinal lumen and the carbohydrate content of an ingested solution is of importance in the post-exercise rehydration period.
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Schmitz, Silke. "Validation of the 13C-sodium-acetate breath test for the measurement of gastric emptying in dogs in comparison to 99mtechnetium radioscintigraphy." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987990012/04.
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Ferreira, Cristina Helena Faleiros. "Esvaziamento gástrico em recém-nascidos prematuros e estudos em modelo animal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17144/tde-24072018-150904/.
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A intolerância gástrica em recém-nascidos prematuros constitui um grande desafio no cuidado neonatal, levando ao uso prolongado de nutrição parenteral e cateteres venosos centrais, aumentando a taxa de infecções neonatais graves e o tempo internação hospitalar dessas crianças. O atraso na maturação da função motora é apontado com o fator determinante da intolerância alimentar dessa faixa etária e a presença de resíduos gástricos a sua principal manifestação clínica. Estudos em adultos mostraram que a velocidade de esvaziamento gástrico é volume dependente, mas em recém-nascidos prematuros este fator não foi adequadamente estudado. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a correlação entre velocidade de esvaziamento gástrico e volume gástrico (em recém-nascidos humanos e ratos), avaliar a influência de fatores pré, peri e pós-natais no esvaziamento gástrico (em recém-nascidos humanos) e estudar os mecanismos fisiológicos que poderiam explicar o efeito do volume na velocidade de esvaziamento gástrico (em ratos). No estudo em humanos, foi realizada a medida da velocidade de esvaziamento gástrico de 20 crianças com idade gestacional entre 28 e 32 semanas através de ultrassonografia, realizada antes e depois da infusão da dieta por sonda orogástrica no primeiro mês de vida. No estudo animal, foi avaliada a velocidade de esvaziamento gástrico de 89 ratos com idade entre 1 e 21 dias através em diferentes tempos de separação materna. Em ambos estudos foi utilizado método de ultrassonografia para estimativa dos valores de esvaziamento gástrico. No modelo animal foram realizadas também medidas de força de contração muscular para diferentes graus de estiramento da parede gástrica. A velocidade de esvaziamento gástrico mostrou correlação importante com o volume gástrico em humanos ((R2 = 0,66 p<0,01) e em ratos (R2 = 0,43 p<0,01) e as crianças com mais de uma semana de vida esvaziam em média 50% do volume oferecido nos primeiros 30 minutos após o término da mamada. As medidas in vitro em ratos mostraram que a contração muscular gástrica induzida por agonista foi diretamente proporcional ao grau do estiramento da parede gástrica e foram mediadas através da via ROCK-2. Em recém-nascidos humanos e ratos o volume gástrico é fator determinante da velocidade de esvaziamento gástrico. Nos ratos, o esvaziamento gástrico não é dependente da idade, mas sim do volume gástrico através da ativação da via ROCK-2, estimulada pelo estiramento da parede gástrica. Em humanos, tipo de leite, uso de ventilação mecânica, tipo de parto, uso de corticosteroide antenatal, uso de antibióticos e/ou antifúngicos, uso de fototerapia não influenciaram a velocidade de esvaziamento gástrico.Feeding intolerance in preterm infants is a major challenge in neonatal care, leading to a prolonged use of parenteral nutrition and central venous catheters, increasing the rate of severe neonatal infections and the length of hospital stay of these infants. The delay in the maturation of motor function is indicated with the determinant factor of the feeding intolerance of this age group and the presence of gastric residuals its main clinical manifestation. Studies in adults have shown that the rate of gastric emptying is volume dependent. But in preterm infants, this factor has not been adequately addressed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between gastric emptying rate and gastric volume (in human and rat neonates), to evaluate the influence of pre, peri and postnatal factors on gastric emptying (in human newborns) and to study the physiological mechanisms that could explain the effect of volume on gastric emptying rate (in rats). In the human study, the gastric emptying rate of 20 children with gestational age between 28 and 32 weeks was measured by ultrasonography performed before and after infusion of the diet by gavage in the first month of life. In the animal study, the gastric emptying rate of 89 rats aged 1 to 21 days through at different times of maternal separation was evaluated. In both studies, an ultrasound method was used to estimate gastric emptying values. In the animal model muscle strength measurements were also performed for different degrees of gastric wall stretching. Gastric emptying rate showed a significant correlation with the gastric volume in humans ((R2 = 0.66 p <0.01) and in rats (R2 = 0.43 p <0.01) and in the 30 minutes after feeding 50% of the volume had been emptied. In vitro measurements in rats showed that gastric muscle contraction induced by agonist was directly proportional to the degree of gastric wall stretching and were mediated via upregulation of ROCK-2 activity. In human and rat neonates, the gastric volume is a determinant of gastric emptying rate. In rats, gastric emptying is unrelated to postnatal age but dependent on gastric volume, through the activation of the ROCK-2 pathway, wall strain-induced. In humans, milk type, use of mechanical ventilation, type of delivery, use of antenatal corticosteroids, use of antibiotics and/or antifungals, phototherapy use did not influence gastric emptying rate.
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Marrinan, Sarah Louise. "Gastroparesis symptoms in Parkinson's disease : correlation with motor and non-motor symptoms and exploration of a novel drug to improve gastric emptying." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2795.
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Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) can result in impaired motility throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Delayed gastric emptying or gastroparesis is estimated to affect over 70% of all people with PD. However, the prevalence of gastroparesis symptoms in people with PD is unknown. This study sought to define the prevalence and associated features of gastroparesis symptoms in people with PD. Methods: More than 1,000 people with PD completed the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI), a validated structured questionnaire to assess the presence and severity of gastroparesis symptoms. Two groups of patients were recruited to this UK wide study: those with recently diagnosed PD (within the last three years) and those with young onset disease (diagnosed before the age of 50). Results: More than half of the 1,003 participants reported at least one gastroparesis symptom in the two weeks prior to completing the GCSI questionnaire. In those with recently diagnosed PD (n = 691) only 4.1% had a GCSI total score consistent with significant gastroparesis. In the young onset group 12.5% of participants had symptoms in keeping with gastroparesis. Features associated with a greater gastroparesis symptom burden across both groups included more advanced PD features, more non-motor symptoms, autonomic symptoms, anxiety and depression. Conclusions: Although delayed gastric emptying is estimated to affect over 70% of all people with PD, in this large study we found that significant gastroparesis symptoms were only reported by 4-12% of patients. This suggests that although gastroparesis is a common abnormality in PD it may be largely asymptomatic. ii Abstract 2 Exploration of a novel treatment for delayed gastric emptying in Parkinson’s disease Background: Delayed gastric emptying can impair Levodopa absorption and contribute to motor fluctuations in people with PD. Prokinetic medications may improve gastric emptying and consequently Levodopa absorption and motor function. However, there are few licenced prokinetics suitable for use in PD. This is an interim report of an on-going Phase II, double blind, placebo controlled study to assess the effect of a novel motilin agonist (Camicinal) on Levodopa absorption in people with PD, delayed gastric emptying and motor fluctuations. Methods: 15 patients with PD were enrolled in this study. All had bilateral disease (Hoehn & Yahr stage II-IV) and troublesome motor fluctuations. There were 9 men and 6 women with a mean age of 64.40 (± 10.32) years. Participants were randomised to Camicinal 50mg (n=10) or placebo (n=5) once daily for 7-9 days. The treatment and placebo group were matched for clinical and demographic features. Clinical and pharmacokinetic parameters were measured serially at baseline, on the first day of treatment and the final dosing day. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric tests. Results: Camicinal was as well tolerated as placebo. By the end of the dosing period there was a non-significant trend towards increased Levodopa absorption (Cmax) in the Camicinal treated group but not the placebo group. Gastric emptying rates and gastroparesis symptoms did not change significantly in either group. There was a significant improvement in motor function (reduced MDS UPDRS Part III score) in the treatment group by the end of the dosing period compared with baseline (P < 0.05). The percentage of the waking day spent in the ‘off’ state fell in the Camicinal group and rose in the placebo group. Conclusions: These interim results suggest that Camicinal has potential as a novel therapy to enhance Levodopa absorption and motor function in people with PD. Therefore on-going study and evaluation of this agent is justified.
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Pilichiewicz, Amelia Nicole. "Effect of lipase inhibition on gastric emptying and glycaemic control after a drink containing oil and glucose components in type 2 diabetes mellitus /." Title page and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbp638.pdf.
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Medeiros, Jand-Venes Rolim. "Efeitos gastroprotetor e procinÃtico do sulfeto de hidrogÃnio (H2S) em camundongos - papel dos neurÃnios aferentes sensÃveis a capsaicina, receptores vanilÃides do tipo 1 (TRPV1) e canais de k atp-depedentes (KATP)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4572.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoINTRODUÃÃO: Recentemente, foi demonstrado que o H2S està envolvido em inÃmeras funÃÃes fisiolÃgicas e patolÃgicas, sendo produzido em muitos tecidos de mamÃferos. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o papel do H2S na defesa da mucosa e no controle da motilidade gÃstrica em camundongos, bem como estudar a participaÃÃo dos canais de KATP, dos neurÃnios sensoriais sensÃveis à capsaicina e dos receptores TRPV1 neste efeito. MÃTODOS: Camundongos Swiss foram prÃ-tratados com L-cisteÃna (25, 50 ou 100 mg/kg, v.o), NaHS (75, 150 ou 300 Âmol/kg, v.o) ou LawessonÂs (3, 9, 27 ou 81 Âmol/kg, v.o). Trinta minutos depois, o etanol 50% (0,5ml/25g, v.o) foi administrado. Depois de 1 h, os animais foram sacrificados e os estÃmagos abertos para determinaÃÃo da Ãrea da lesÃo usando planimetria computadorizada. AlÃm disso, fragmentos de tecidos foram removidos para anÃlise microscÃpica e dosagem de glutationa e malondialdeÃdo. Para o estudo do esvaziamento gÃstrico, outro grupo experimental foi tratado, por gavagem, com as mesmas doses de L-cisteÃna, NaHS ou LawessonÂs, decorridos 30 min os animais receberam uma soluÃÃo glicosada (5%) contendo vermelho de fenol (0,75 mg/ml) em cada animal. ApÃs 10, 20 ou 30 min os animais foram sacrificados e o esvaziamento gÃstrico foi avaliado por tÃcnica de espectrofotometria. Em outro grupo experimental os animais foram prÃ-tratados com glibenclamida (3 e 10 mg/Kg, v.o.) ou capsazepina (10 mg/kg, i.p). ApÃs 1h, foram administrados a L-cisteÃna (50 mg/kg) ou os doadores de H2S (NaHS 150 Âmol/kg ou o reagente de LawessonÂs 27Âmol/kg, v.o). Trinta minutos depois, o etanol 50% foi administrado para avaliaÃÃo da lesÃo gÃstrica e soluÃÃo de vermelho de fenol foi administrada para avaliar o esvaziamento gÃstrico conforme descrito anteriormente. Para o estudo dos neurÃnios aferentes, foi realizado protocolo de ablaÃÃo dos com doses neurotÃxicas de capsaicina. ApÃs 8 dias, os animais receberam NaHS ou o LawessonÂs e o protocolo de lesÃo gÃstrica por etanol 50% foi determinado como descrito acima. TambÃm foi determinado a contratilidade espontÃnea do fundo gÃstrico incubado com doses crescentes de NaHS ou KCl (controle) utilizando um transdutor de forÃa isomÃtrico acoplado a um sistema de aquisiÃÃo de dados. RESULTADOS: A administraÃÃo de L-cisteÃna, NaHS ou Reagente de LawessonÂs preveniu, de forma dose dependente, a lesÃo por etanol no estÃmago. Essa proteÃÃo foi acompanhada do aumento de GSH e diminuiÃÃo dos nÃveis gÃstricos de MDA quando comparado com o grupo tratado apenas com etanol. Glibenclamida (10 mg/kg) e a capsazepina reverteram completamente esse efeito protetor dos doadores de H2S. Nos animais depletados de neurÃnios aferentes, tambÃm houve uma reversÃo do efeito protetor dos doadores de H2S e da L-cisteÃna. O NaHS, o LawessonÂs e a L-cisteÃna promoveram aceleraÃÃo do esvaziamento gÃstrico quando comparado com o controle, de maneira dose dependente. Este efeito procÃnÃtico foi abolido pela prÃ-administraÃÃo de glibenclamida e capsazepina O NaHS tambÃm foi capaz de induzir um aumento no tÃnus basal que iniciou-se com mÃximo efeito na concentraÃÃo de 300 ÂM em relaÃÃo à contraÃÃo controle de KCl. CONCLUSÃES: o H2S preveniu a lesÃo gÃstrica, o consumo de GSH e aumento da peroxidaÃÃo lipÃdica na mucosa gÃstrica, induzidos pela administraÃÃo de etanol em camundongos. O H2S tambÃm apresentou efeito procinÃtico, acelerando o esvaziamento gÃstrico de lÃquidos em camundongos. Podemos inferir que esses efeitos devem-se a ativaÃÃo dos canais de KATP, dos neurÃnios sensoriais sensÃveis à capsaicina e dos receptores TRPV1.
INTRODUCTION: Recently, the involvement of H2S has been demonstrated in several physiological and pathological conditions, being constitutively produced in mammalian tissues. AIM: To study the role of H2S on both the gastric mucosa defense and the control of gastric motility in mice, and additionally to evaluate the participation of KATP channels, capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons and TRPV1 receptors in these effects. METHODS: Swiss mice were pre-treated with either L-cysteine (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg, p.o), NaHS (75, 150 or 300 Âmol/kg, p.o) or LawessonÂs reagent (3, 9, 27 or 81 Âmol/kg, p.o). The animals were then given ethanol 50% (0.5ml/25g, p.o.) 30 min later. After 1h of ethanol instillation, the mice were sacrificed and had the stomach collected to measure the injured area through planimetry software. Moreover some samples were obtained to histopathological analysis, glutathione (GSH), and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) dosages. In the study of gastric empty, the animals were administered L-cysteine, NaHS or LawessonÂs reagent, and 30 min later a phenol red solution (0.75 mg/ml) diluted in glucose (5%) was also given. The sacrifice was performed 10, 20 or 30 min after the latter to determine in a spectrophotometer the gastric empty. In another experimental setting, glibenclamide (3 or 10 mg/Kg, v.o.) or capsazepine (10 mg/kg, i.p) were injected 1h previously to the L-cysteine (50 mg/kg, p.o) or H2S donors (NaHS 150 Âmol/kg or LawessonÂs reagent 27Âmol/kg, p.o) instillation. In order to study the role of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons, high neurotoxic doses of capsaicin was instilled into the animals. On the 8th day post capsaicin injection, NaHS or LawessonÂs reagent was administered. The protocol for ethanol administration, sacrifice, and dosages were repeated for these conditions as described previously. Finally, the spontaneous contraction of isolated gastric fundus to KCl (control contraction) and growing doses of NaHS was determined in vitro through and isometric force transducer connected to an acquisition system. RESULTS: L-cysteine, NaHS and LawessonÂs reagent prevented, in a dose dependent manner, the ethanol-induced gastric injury. Besides, high and low levels of GSH and MDA were found respectively in comparison to the control group given only ethanol. Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) and capsazepine completely reversed the protective effect of the H2S donors. The animals that undergone afferent neuronal ablation also developed gastric lesions despite the injection of L-cysteine and H2S donors. NaHS, LawessonÂs reagent and L-cysteine all accelerated gastric empty in comparison to the control group and in a dose-dependent manner. Such prokinetic effect was abolished in glibenclamide and capsazepine pre-treated mice. The NaHS was also able to induce an increase in gastric fundus basal tonus in vitro presenting a ceiling effect in the concentration of 300ÂM when compared with the standard KCl contraction. CONCLUSIONS: The H2S prevented the ethanol-induced gastric damage, GSH consumption, and lipid peroxidation processes in the stomach mucosa of mice. The H2S also revealed a prokinetic effect leading to a higher liquid gastric empty in mice. Such results seem to be dependent on KATP channels, sensory afferent neurons, and TRPV1 receptors activation.
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Fernandes, Vanessa Pacini Inaba. "Esvaziamento gastrico de refeição liquida em crianças com constipação cronica funcional grave, com impactação fecal e escapes fecais retentivos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309093.
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Orientador: Elizete Aparecida Lomazi da Costa PintoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Distúrbios da motilidade do trato digestório podem estar envolvidos na fisiopatologia da constipação funcional. Retarde no esvaziamento gástrico tem sido observado em associação à constipação funcional e a relação de causa e efeito entre as condições não está definida. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a motilidade gástrica antes da remoção da impactação fecal e após a regularização do hábito intestinal em crianças com constipação funcional. Casuística e métodos: Crianças (N= 22; 18 meninos, 10±2,2 anos) com constipação funcional e escape fecal retentivo, início da constipação aos 6,8±1,6 anos, acompanhadas no ambulatório de gastropediatria do Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade de Campinas. Estudo prospectivo, desenvolvido no período de 2000 a 2003. Os sintomas gastrintestinais foram registrados e estudos de esvaziamento gástrico foram conduzidos antes da remoção da impactação fecal (EG1) e após a regularização do hábito intestinal (EG2). O esvaziamento gástrico foi avaliado por método cintilográfico usando volumes individualizados de água. O T ½ do esvaziamento gástrico foi obtido para todos os pacientes nos dois momentos. Resultados: Vinte e um pacientes relataram sintomas gastrintestinais ao início do estudo, mais comumente dor abdominal após a ingestão de alimentos. A maioria dos pacientes relatou melhora desses sintomas com o tratamento da constipação. Não houve diferença significativa entre as médias de T ½ do esvaziamento gástrico nos tempos EG1 (32,8 ± 24,8 minutos) e EG2 (25,8 ±10,5 minutos), realizados com intervalo de 12 ± 5 semanas, p=0,09. Houve correlação positiva entre o tempo para recuperação da constipação e EG1(R=0,61, p=0,01) e EG2 (R=0,58, p=0,01). Conclusão: Pacientes pediátricos com constipação funcional crônica grave apresentaram tempo de esvaziamento gástrico prolongado ao início do tratamento e após a regularização do hábito intestinal. O tempo para recuperação da constipação correlacionou-se positivamente com os valores de esvaziamento gástrico. Palavras-chave: constipação funcional, impactação fecal, escape fecal retentivo, esvaziamento gástrico, cintilografia
Abstract: Gastrointestinal motility disorders may be at the basis of constipation. Gastric emptying delay has been reported in constipated patients and a causality relation is still not outlined. The objective of this study was to evaluate pre- and post-treatment gastric emptying values and dyspeptic symptoms in a group of children with functional constipation and fecal retention. Methods: Twenty-two children (eighteen boys, median age 10±2.2 years) with chronic constipation, fecal retention and soiling were seen in a tertiary pediatric gastroenterology clinic. Gastric emptying (GE) T1/2 was measured by scintigraphy before fecal impaction removal (GE1) and repeated (GE2) when patients recovered regular bowel movements (12±5 weeks after GE1). Patients were followed until complete relieve of constipation (11.6 ± 5.7 months). Gastric half-emptying time of a liquid meal (water) was measured using a radionuclide technique, reference value t ½ 12 ± 3 minutes. Results: Twenty-one children reported symptoms related to food ingestion, which were completely relieved after resuming regular bowel movements. Mean GE1 was 32.8 ± 24.8 minutes and mean GE2 was 25.8 ±10.5 minutes. There was no significant difference between GE1 and GE2 (p=0,09). There was significant correlation between mean time to resume regular bowel movements and gastric emptying values GE1 (R=0,61, p=0,01) and GE2 (R=0,58, p=0,01). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that slow gastric emptying is a common feature among children with chronic constipation and fecal impaction, and that this correlates with a slow response to therapy. Resuming of satisfactory bowel function did not result in normalization of gastric emptying studies. Key words: functional constipation, fecal retention, soiling, gastric emptying, scintigraphy
Mestrado
Pediatria
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
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