Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gases (Rare)'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Gases (Rare).

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Gases (Rare).'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Cunje, Alwin. "Noble gases and catalysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0012/NQ59125.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

McLaughlin, J. G. "Chemistry in liquid noble gases." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356030.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Cryan, James. "A coincidence study of strong field ionization of rare gases." Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/25085.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 27 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 27). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Morris, Gerald D. "Epithermal muons from solid rare-gas moderators." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29891.

Full text
Abstract:
Emission of positive muons (μ⁺) of low kinetic energy, with yield peaked at 5 to 20 electron volts and slowly decreasing to higher energy, has been observed by moderating a muon beam (p~28MeV/c, Δp/p~4%) with solid argon, krypton and xenon moderators. Emission at these energies is consistent with the muons escaping the target material still carrying part of their initial kinetic energy. The underlying cause of this enhancement of low energy positive muons is not determined. Variation of charge-exchange, elastic or inelastic collision cross sections with energy, resulting in an increased charged fraction or greater mean free path for muons at these energies, are possible causes.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Title page of the thesis missing.
Graduate
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Leung, Ki Y. "Electron mobilities in binary rare gas mixtures." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29339.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis presents a detailed study of the composition dependence of the thermal and transient mobility of electrons in binary rare gas mixtures. The time independent electron real mobility in binary inert gas mixtures is calculated versus mole fraction for different electric field strengths. The deviations from the linear variation of the reciprocal of the mobility of the mixture with mole fraction, that is from Blanc's law, is determined and explained in detail. Very large deviations from the linear behavior were calculated for several binary mixtures at specific electric strengths, in particular for He-Xe mixtures. An interesting effect was observed whereby the electron mobility in He-Xe mixtures, for particular compositions and electron field strength could be greater than in pure He or less than in pure Xe. The time dependent electron real mobility and the corresponding relaxation time, in particular for He-Ar and He-Ne mixtures are reported for a wide range of concentrations, field strengths (d.c. electric field), and frequencies (microwave electric field). For a He-Ar mixture, the time dependent electron mobility is strongly influenced by the Ramsauer-Townsend minimum and leads to the occurrence of an overshoot and a negative mobility in the transient mobility. For He-Ne, a mixture without the Ramsauer-Townsend minimum, the transient mobility increases monotonically towards the thermal value. The energy thermal relaxation times 1/Pτ for He-Ne, and Ne-Xe mixtures are calculated so as to find out the validity of the linear relationship between the 1/Pτ of the mixture and mole fraction. A Quadrature Discretization Method of solution of the time dependent Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck equation for electrons in binary inert gas mixture is employed in the study of the time dependent electron real mobility. The solution of the Fokker-Planck equation is based on the expansion of the solution in the eigenfunctions of the Fokker-Planck operator.
Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Hilton, D. R. "A study of hydrothermal systems using rare gas isotopes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377843.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Carman, R. J. "DC glow discharge electron guns for the excitation of rare gases." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14165.

Full text
Abstract:
Glow discharge electron guns are used to generate continuous electron beams at 0.5keV-3.0keV in the intermediate range of gas pressures (0.1mb-10.0mb). Cathodes incorporating internal cavities are used to generate distinct electron beam filaments in both Helium and Argon. The formation of such beam filaments has been investigated using a number of different cathode types, and criteria for the production of stable electron beams are established. The production of an electron beam in a glow discharge is largely determined by the motion of electrons in the Cathode dark space sheath region next to the cathode, and other discharge processes in this region. A theoretical model has been developed to simulate electron motion in the sheath region, and in the Negative glow plasma region, of a Helium discharge with a Cathode fall of between 150V and 1000V. It is shown that the electron flux at the 'sheath/Negative glow boundary becomes increasingly monoenergetic as the Cathode fall rises to 1000V. The results are also compared with experimental spatial emission profiles of the glow in the Cathode dark space and Negative glow regions of a helium discharge. In particular, properties of the Cathode glow region in the sheath are discussed. Aspects of the theoretical model and results from the experimental measurements are also used to discuss discharge processes in the sheath region of cathodes incorporating internal cavities, and mechanisms leading to the formation of the electron beam filaments. The production of fast electrons in a glow discharge has a number of applications, including the excitation of gases leading to laser action. Aspects relating to the excitation of high lying energy states in gases, corresponding to known laser transitions, are discussed. It is shown that the production of helium ions, which are responsible for the excitation of metal atoms via asymmetric charge transfer in metal ion lasers, is theoretically more efficient in an electron beam discharge. The results are compared with the theoretical ion production rates in Hollow cathode discharges, and high-voltage Hollow cathode devices. Several electrode geometries using multiple arrays of electron gun cathodes have been developed. Investigations of an electron beam excited argon plasma suggest that Ar II excited states are pumped directly by single electron impacts, even at very low current densities (~10-3 A cm-2). From previous calculations using the 'sudden perturbation' approximation, those ion states known to have large cross-sections for direct electron impact excitation (3p44p2P) appear to be favourably pumped in the electron beam plasma.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Broadhurst, Catherine Leigh. "Solubility and partitioning of noble gases in anorthite, diopside, forsterite, spinel, and synthetic basaltic melts: Implications for the origin and evolution of terrestrial planet atmospheres." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184935.

Full text
Abstract:
The noble gas abundances and isotopic ratios of the terrestrial planets differ from each other and from the average of chondritic meteorites. These different abundance patterns result from primordial heterogeneities or different degassing histories. Magmatic transport is the only degassing mechanism that can be demonstrated to occur on Venus, Earth, and Mars, and is presently the dominant form of volatile transport to a planet's free surface. An alternative technique was developed to determine the partitioning and solubility of noble gases in mineral/melt systems. Natural end member minerals and synthetic melts known to be in equilibrium were held in separate crucibles in a one bar flowing noble gas atmosphere. Experiments were run 7-18 days at 1300 or 1332°C, in 99.95% Ar or a Ne-Ar-Kr-Xe mix. Gas concentrations were measured by mass spectrometry. The solubility of noble gases in minerals was surprisingly high, and individual samples of a particular mineral composition are distinct in their behavior. The data is consistent with lattice vacancy defect siting. Noble gas solubility in the minerals increases with increasing atomic number; this may be related to polarizability. Noble gas solubilities in melts decrease with increasing atomic number. Solubility is directly proportional to melt molar volume; values overlap the lower end of the range defined for natural basalts. The lower solubilities are related to the higher MgO and CaO concentrations and lower degree of polymerization and Fe³⁺ concentration in synthetic vs. natural melts. Partition coefficient patterns show a clear trend of increasing compatibility with increasing noble gas atomic number, but many individual values are > 1. Calculations show that the terrestrial planet atmospheres cannot have formed from partial melting of a common chondritic source. When results are examined with isotopic constraints and MOR and hot-spot activities, there is no compelling evidence that the Earth is substantially outgassed of its primordial or even its radiogenic volatiles. If volcanic degassing was mostly responsible for the atmospheres, then initial volatile abundances were Mars < Earth < Venus. Alternatively, roughly equal abundances could have been modified by catastrophic processes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Harmer, Muffin Louise Blakeney. "A dynamic model for calculating the uptake of an inhaled noble gas." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21774.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Jun, Byung Soon. "Measurement of thermal accommodation coefficients of inert gas mixtures on a surface of stainless steel /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025627.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Wightman, J. P. "Photoionisation studies of the rare gases and molecular deuterium using toroidal analysers." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270806.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Madeira, Lucas 1991. "Many-body systems : heavy rare-gases adsorbed on graphene substrates and ultracold Fermi gases = Sistemas de muitos corpos: gases nobres pesados adsorvidos em substratos de grafeno e gases de Fermi ultrafrios." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276942.

Full text
Abstract:
Orientador: Silvio Antonio Sachetto Vitiello
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T00:18:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Madeira_Lucas_M.pdf: 4273856 bytes, checksum: 8543c0dd916e2ec3fc638a5d31b32787 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Nessa dissertação nós investigamos dois sistemas de muitos corpos. Na primeira parte nós escolhemos uma abordagem clássica para estudar a adsorção de gases nobres pesados, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe e Rn, em substratos de grafeno. Nós apresentamos evidências de camadas adsorvidas comensuradas, as quais dependem fortemente da simetria do substrato, para duas estruturas: camadas de Ne na rede sqrt{7} X sqrt{7} e Kr na rede sqrt{3} X sqrt{3}. Para estudar o derretimento nós introduzimos um parâmetro de ordem e sua susceptibilidade. O calor específico e a susceptibilidade em função da temperatura foram calculados para os gases nobres pesados em diversas densidades. A posição e largura característica dos picos do calor específico e da susceptibilidade foram determinadas. Finalmente, nós investigamos a distância dos primeiros vizinhos e a distância entre a camada e o substrato, identificando contribuições relacionadas aos picos do calor específico e da susceptibilidade. A segunda parte da dissertação trata de uma linha de vórtice no gás unitário de Fermi. Gases fermiônicos ultrafrios são notáveis devido à possibilidade experimental de variar as interações interpartículas através de ressonâncias de Feshbach, o que possibilita a observação do crossover BCS-BEC. No meio do crossover encontra-se um estado fortemente interagente, o gás unitário de Fermi. Uma linha de vórtice corresponde a uma excitação desse sistema com unidades de circulação quantizadas. Nós construímos funções de onda, inspiradas na função BCS, para descrever o estado fundamental e também o sistema com uma linha de vórtice. Nossos resultados para o estado fundamental elucidam aspectos da geometria cilíndrica do problema. O perfil de densidade é constante no centro do cilindro e vai a zero suavemente na borda. Nós separamos a contribuição devido à parede da energia do estado fundamental e determinamos a energia por partícula do bulk, epsilon_0=(0.42 +- 0.01) E_{FG}. Nós também calculamos o gap superfluído para essa geometria, Delta=(0.76 +- 0.01) E_{FG}. Para o sistema com a linha de vórtice nós obtivemos o perfil de densidade, o qual corresponde a uma densidade não nula no centro do vórtice, e a energia de excitação por partícula, epsilon_{ex}=(0.0058 +- 0.0003) E_{FG}. Os métodos empregados nessa dissertação, Dinâmica Molecular, Monte Carlo Variacional e Monte Carlo de Difusão, nos dão uma base sólida para a investigação de sistemas relacionados, e outros sistemas, de muitos corpos no futuro
Abstract: In this dissertation we investigated two many-body systems. For the first part we chose a classical approach to study the adsorption of heavy rare-gases, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and Rn, on graphene substrates. We presented evidences of commensurate adlayers, which depend strongly on the symmetry of the substrate, for two structures: Ne adlayers in the sqrt{7} X sqrt{7} superlattice and Kr in the sqrt{3} X sqrt{3} lattice. In order to study the melting of the system we introduced an order parameter, and its susceptibility. The specific heat and susceptibility as a function of the temperature were calculated for the heavy noble gases at various densities. The position and characteristic width of the specific heat and susceptibility peaks of these systems were determined. Finally, we investigated the first neighbor distance and the distance between the adlayer and the substrate, identifying contributions related to specific heat and melting peaks. The second part of the dissertation deals with a vortex line in the unitary Fermi gas. Ultracold Fermi gases are remarkable due to the experimental possibility to tune interparticle interactions through Feshbach resonances, which allows the observation of the BCS-BEC crossover. Right in the middle of the crossover lies a strongly interacting state, the unitary Fermi gas. A vortex line corresponds to an excitation of this system with quantized units of circulation. We developed wavefunctions, inspired by the BCS wavefunction, to describe the ground state and also for a system with a vortex line. Our results for the ground state elucidate aspects of the cylindrical geometry of the problem. The density profile is flat in the center of the cylinder and vanishes smoothly at the wall. We were able to separate from the ground state of the system the wall contribution and we have determined the bulk energy as epsilon_0=(0.42 +- 0.01) E_{FG} per particle. We also calculated the superfluid pairing gap for this geometry, Delta=(0.76 +- 0.01) E_{FG}. For the system with a vortex line we obtained the density profile, which corresponds to a non-zero density at the core, and the excitation energy, epsilon_{ex}=(0.0058 +- 0.0003) E_{FG} per particle. The methods employed in this dissertation, Molecular Dynamics, Variational Monte Carlo and Diffusion Monte Carlo, give us a solid basis for the investigation of related and other many-body systems in the future
Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
2012/24195-2
FAPESP
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Bargheer, Matias. "Ultrafast photodynamics in condensed phase ClF, Cl2 and I2 in solid rare gases /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/206/index.html.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Wang, Liping, and lwang@it swin edu au. "Three-body effects on the phase behaviour of noble gases from molecular simulation." Swinburne University of Technology. Centre for Molecular Simulation, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060608.145124.

Full text
Abstract:
In this work the phase behaviour of noble gases is studied comprehensively by different molecular simulation methods using different intermolecular potentials. The aim is to investigate three-body effects on the phase behaviour of noble gases. A true two-body potential model (Barker-Fisher-Watts potential) and the three-body potential model (Axilrod-Teller term) have been used. The results obtained from the two-body BFW potential with the three-body Axilrod-Teller potential included for the vapour-liquid and solid-liquid phase equilibrium properties of pure noble gases are compared with the calculations using the Lennard-Jones potential with different suggested parameter values. The results have been compared with experimental data and the best parameter values for simulating the thermodynamic properties of noble gases are found. Three-body effects on the phase behaviour of noble gases are reported for a large range of density, temperature and pressure. Simple relationships have been found between two-body and three-body potential energies for pure fluids and solids. Three-body effects on the vapour-liquid phase equilibrium properties of argon, krypton, xenon and argon-krypton systems are studied by the Gibbs-Duhem integration Monte Carlo method. Three-body effects on the solid-liquid phase equilibrium properties of argon, krypton and xenon are investigated by non-equilibrium and equilibrium molecular dynamics techniques. All the calculations have been compared with experimental data, which show that three-body interactions play an important role in the overall interatomic interactions of noble gases.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

DiChiara, Anthony D. "Ionization measurements of argon, krypton and xenon atoms with petawatt- to exawatt-per-square-centimeter laser fields /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 178 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459933361&sid=13&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Hirst, G. "Ionic species in gas lasers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379854.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Hedin, Lage. "Studies of Single and Multiple Ionization Processes in Rare Gases and some Small Molecules." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekyl- och kondenserade materiens fysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-221128.

Full text
Abstract:
In this thesis various aspects of photoionization are investigated with respect to both single and multiple electron emission from atoms and molecules. The studies include both valence and core levels and involve transitions which leave the atoms or molecules in various charge states. S2p electrons in the CS2 molecule were excited into Rydberg orbitals close to the ionization threshold. Subsequent autoionization leads to the emission of single electrons which were detected by a conventional electron spectrometer, bringing the molecule into various cationic states characterized by two valence holes and a Rydberg spectator electron. Vibrational progressions have been assigned as excitations of the totally symmetric v1 and the asymmetric stretching v3 modes in the cationic states. Double ionization spectra of the CS2 molecule were recorded in the S2p and C1s innershell ionization regions using a magnetic bottle many-electron coincidence spectrometer, revealing dicationic states formed out of one inner-shell vacancy and one vacancy in the valence region. The spectrum connected to the S2p vacancy is richly structured in contrast to the spectrum connected to the C1s vacancy, which shows essentially one distinct band. The development of a new variant of the magnetic bottle coincidence technique tailored for valence triple photoionization studies of rare gas atoms at synchrotron radiation sources is presented, overcoming the problem of high repetition rate in single-bunch operation of the storage ring. The studies of the rare gas atoms confirm that a correction of the lowest triple-ionization energy of Kr, currently listed in standard tables, is needed. Also, single-site N1s and O1s double core ionization of the NO and N2O molecules and single-site O1s, C1s and S2p double core ionization of the OCS molecule has been studied with the magnetic bottle technique. Double core holes are of particular interest due to putatively larger chemical shifts compared to single core holes. The observed ratio between the double and single ionization energies are in all cases close or equal to 2.20.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Van, Heest Timothy Milner. "Identification of metal-organic framework materials for adsorptive separation of the rare gases: applicability of IAST and effects of inaccessible regions." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43715.

Full text
Abstract:
A collection of >3000 MOFs with experimentally confirmed structures were screened for performance in three binary separations: Ar/Kr, Kr/Xe, and Xe/Rn. 70 materials were selected for further analysis, and calculations were performed to account for inaccessible regions. Single component GCMC calculations were performed to parameterize IAST calculations on these 70 materials, and the curve fitting problem in IAST was discussed. IAST calculations were confirmed with extensive binary GCMC calculations. For each binary separation, materials were identified with predicted performance that surpasses the state of the art. "Reverse selective" materials, for which a smaller gas species is preferably adsorbed over a larger species, were explained on the basis of surface fractal geometry, computed via a corrected surface area calculation. The effect of temperature on separation performance was also examined.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Barrios, Andrés J. "Yield of metastable atoms from a rare gas discharge in a longitudinal magnetic field." FIU Digital Commons, 1993. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1415.

Full text
Abstract:
Atomic beam experiments are limited by intensity. Intensity limitations are specially critical in the measurements of metastable atoms, since their relative population is several order of magnitude smaller than the beam population. This thesis provides a method for increasing the intensity of metastable argon and neon beams effusing from a hot cathode, glow discharge by use of a longitudinal magnetic field. The argon and neon metastable atom intensities have been measured for a range of discharge pressure, voltage, and current for a magnetic field strengths from 0 to 31 mT. For both argon and neon, the metastable atom beam intensity rises to a maximum value about one order of magnitude above the zero field case. A qualitative discussion of the theory of this phenomenon is also presented.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Raston, Paul L. "Spectroscopy and dynamics of rare gas and chlorine atoms in solid hydrogen." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338905001&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Hamme, Roberta Claire. "Applications of neon, nitrogen, argon, and oxygen to physical, chemical, and biological cycles in the ocean /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10997.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Gibson, Hubert C. "Gaseous swelling and release in nuclear fuels during grain growth." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49103.

Full text
Abstract:
A model of the generation and release of fission gas, as well as the total swelling over time, was created. It uses an ideal spherical fuel grain with a time-dependent radius. UO2 and quasi-homogeneous SBR MOX fuels were simulated with this model, and the results were compared to a fixed grain radius model of gaseous swelling. Gaseous swelling and fission gas release were calculated for temperatures from 1600 K to 2200 K. The grain growth of UO2 was found to decrease the time needed to saturate the intergranular boundaries as compared to simple diffusion without grain growth. Small temperatures increased the time required for saturation, as did small rates of grain growth. Gaseous swelling was within the range of values found by experimental data.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Day, Brian Scott. "The Dynamics of Gas-Surface Energy Transfer in Collisions of Rare Gases with Organic Thin Films." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29860.

Full text
Abstract:
Understanding mechanisms at the molecular level is essential for interpreting and predicting the outcome of processes in all fields of chemistry. Insight into gas-surface reaction dynamics can be gained through molecular beam scattering experiments combined with classical trajectory simulations. In particular, energy exchange and thermal accommodation in the initial collision, the first step in most chemical reactions, can be probed with these experimental and computational tools. There are many questions regarding the dynamic details that occur during the interaction time between gas molecules and organic surfaces. For example, how does interfacial structure and density affect energy transfer? What roles do intramonolayer forces and chemical identity play in the dynamics? We have approached these questions by scattering high-energy, rare gas atoms from functionalized self-assembled monolayers. We used classical trajectory simulations to investigate the atomic-level details of the scattering dynamics. We find that approximately six to ten carbon atoms are involved in impulsive collision events, which is dependent on the packing density of the alkyl chains. Moreover, the higher the packing density of the alkyl chains, the less energy is transferred to the surface on average and the less often the incident atoms come into thermal equilibrium with the surface. In addition to the purely hydrocarbon monolayers, organic surfaces with lateral hydrogen-bonding networks create more rigid collision partners than surfaces with smaller inter-chain forces, such as van der Waals forces. Finally, we find some interesting properties for organic surfaces that possess fluorinated groups. For argon scattering, energy transfer decreases with an increasing amount of surface fluorination, whereas krypton and xenon scattering transfer most energy to monolayers terminated in CF3 groups, followed by purely hydrocarbon surfaces, and then perfluorinated surfaces.
Ph. D.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

CARVALHO, MARCOS R. de. "Metodologia para determinacao da eficiencia de um monitor de gases emissores de particulas beta." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1995. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10662.

Full text
Abstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 04994.pdf: 5757270 bytes, checksum: 17538e0c134d27fb78f39d761d00b604 (MD5)
Dissertacao(Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Foster, Kathleen. "Design of an inlet line monitor system for the state of Illinois gaseous effluent monitoring system." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17323.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Iorio, Carlo Saverio. "Experimental and numerical study of the coupling between evaporation and thermocapillarity preparation of the Cimex-1 experiment." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210836.

Full text
Abstract:
Structure of the thesis

The present work has been organized in two main parts: in the first one, the focus will be on the scientific and theoretical aspects of the evaporation process in presence of an inert gas flow while in the second all the technical aspects and more practical tests related to the real implementation of the micro-gravity experiment CIMEX-1 will be detailed. In any cases, the discussion will always start from the phenomenology observed considering that ” Nature is far more reach of any speculations.”

Part I: Evaporation in presence of inert gas

In chapter 1, a detailed presentation of the experimental setups for the on-ground tests is given together with the presentation of the qualitative and quantitative results obtained. Actually, the main parameters that regulate such kind of experiments are the mass flow rate of inert gas, the total pressure of the cell and the geometrical shape and dimensions of the evaporating regions.

Consequently, the experiments aimed at covering the maximal possible combination of these three parameters with special attention to the variation of the inert gas flow and of the thickness of the evaporating liquid layer. More precisely, the liquid layer thickness was in the range 1.2 to 3.8 mm while the inert gas flow was set in the range 50 to 2500 ml/min. The pressure has been partially neglected as control parameter because its control was discovered not to be very reliable.

The visualization system used in all the experiments consisted in a opportunely calibrated infrared camera. It allowed for having a quantitative analysis of the temperature distribution at the interface of the evaporating liquid.

The infrared images also helped to follow the thermal history of the interface. In many cases, it has been possible to clearly observe the evolution of instability patterns at the interface that represent an original contribution to the understanding of such a kind of phenomena.

The physical and mathematical modeling of the observed phenomenology will be the subject of the chapter 2. One of the peculiar issue of the problem under consideration is that the thermal gradient normal to the interface is not directly imposed like in the usual Marangoni-Bénard experience, but is a result of the cooling of the interface due to the evaporation.

Moreover,the interface is subject to the shear stress of the inert gas flow and to the one due to the thermo-capillarity. Finally, the gas phase is to be considered as a mixture; this oblige to solve a diffusion problem in the gas phase. A physical model that takes into account the different aspects mentioned above is presented together with the governing equations and the appropriate boundary conditions.

Numerical issues involved in solving the model are also analyzed. Numerical results obtained are finally discussed and compared when possible with experimental results.

Part II: Preparation of the CIMEX-1 experiment on-board the International Space Station.

In chapter 3, we will describe the main platforms used to perform low-gravity experiments. They will be classified according to the low-gravity level and to the low-gravity interval duration that could be ensured for experiments. According to these criteria, the list of the low-gravity platforms will be as follows: Drop Towers with ≈ 4 sec. of micro-gravity, Parabolic Flights that can assure not more than ≈ 25 sec. Sounding Rockets with a low-gravity time of the order of several minutes depending on the rockets, Foton Capsules that assure for many days of high quality - i.e. without perturbations - low-gravity level and ,last but not least, the International Space Station where the low-gravity duration could be even of several weeks which is a sufficient time duration for the most part of the experiments.

The chapter 4 will be entirely devoted to the ITEL experiment that is the precursor and the core of the CIMEX-1. After a brief overview of the experiment that has been performed twice on-board sounding rockets of the MASER class, the experimental setups used both on-ground and in micro-gravity will be detailed.

The focus will be on the experimental results obtained on-ground during the preparatory tests and during the two sounding rocket flights with special attention to the first one. The analysis will be supported by the presentation of many results obtained in numerical simulations.

The two parabolic flight campaigns performed to test one of the key sub-systems of the CIMEX-1 setup are the subject of the chapter 5. The separating-condensing unit is mandatory for performing the experiment on-board the International Space Station because the limitations on the crew intervention oblige to have a closed loop experiment.

The goal of the two parabolic flights will be detailed together with the setup and the experimental scenario. The main results will be also shown and some considerations on the efficiency of the system will be presented.

It is worthy to stress that the results obtained during these parabolic flights have been determinant at the European Space Agency level to fly the CIMEX-1 experiment on-board the International Space Station.

Finally, in the section conclusions and perspectives the main results obtained will be summarized together with the new scenarios opened by the present work and some guidelines for further development in the experimental, theoretical and technical analysis.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Govers, Kevin. "Atomic scale simulations of noble gases behaviour in uranium dioxide." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210509.

Full text
Abstract:
Nuclear fuel performance is highly affected by the behaviour of fission gases, particularly

at elevated burnups, where large amounts of gas are produced and can

potentially be released. The importance of fission gas release was the motivation

for large efforts, both experimentally and theoretically, in order to increase our

understanding of the different steps of the process, and to continuously improve

our models.

Extensions to higher burnups, together with the growing interest in novel types

of fuels such as inert matrix fuels envisaged for the transmutation of minor actinides,

make that one is still looking for a permanently better modelling, based

on a physical understanding and description of all stages of the release mechanism.

Computer simulations are nowadays envisaged in order to provide a better

description and understanding of atomic-scale processes such as diffusion, but even

in order to gain insight on specific processes that are inaccessible by experimental

means, such as the fuel behaviour during thermal spikes.

In the present work simulation techniques based on empirical potentials have

been used, focusing in a first stage on pure uranium dioxide. The behaviour of

point defects was at the core of this part, but also the estimation of elastic and

melting properties.

Then, in a second stage, the study has been extended to the behaviour of helium

and xenon. For helium, the diffusion in different domains of stoichiometry

was considered. The simulations enabled to determine the diffusion coefficient and

the migration mechanism, using both molecular dynamics and static calculation

techniques. Xenon behaviour has been investigated with the additional intention

to model the behaviour of small intragranular bubbles, particularly their interaction

with thermal spikes accompanying the recoil of fission fragments. For that

purpose, a simplified description of these events has been proposed, which opens

perspectives for further work.

/

Les performances du combustible nucléaire sont fortement affectées par le comportement

des gaz de fission, et ce particulièrement lorsqu’un taux d’épuisement

élevé est atteint, puisque d’importantes quantités de gaz sont alors produites

et peuvent potentiellement être relâchées. Les enjeux, entre autre économiques,

liés au relâchement de gaz de fission ont donné lieu à d’importants efforts, tant

sur le plan expérimental que théorique, afin d’accroître notre compréhension des

différentes étapes du processus, et d’améliorer sans cesse les mod`eles. Les extensions

à des taux d’épuisements encore plus élevés ainsi que l’intérêt croissant pour

de nouveaux types de combustible tels que les matrices inertes, envisages en vue

de la transmutation des actinides mineures, font qu’à l’heure actuelle, le besoin

permanent d’une meilleure modélisation, basée sur une compréhension et une description

physique des différentes étapes du processus de relâchement de gaz de

fission, est toujours de mise.

Les simulations par ordinateur ont ainsi été considérée comme un nouvel angle

de recherche sur les processus élémentaires se produisant à l’échelle atomique, à la

fois afin d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension de processus tels que la diffusion

atomique ;mais aussi afin d’avoir accès à certains processus qui ne sont pas observables

par des voies expérimentales, tels que la le comportement du combustible

lors de pointes thermiques.

Dans ce travail, deux techniques, basées sur l’utilisation de potentiels interatomiques

empiriques, ont permis d’étudier le dioxyde d’uranium, dans un premier

temps en l’absence d’impuretés. Cette partie était principalement centrée sur le

comportement des défauts ponctuels, mais a aussi concerné différentes propriétés

élastiques, ainsi que le processus de fusion du composé.

Ensuite l’étude a été étendue aux comportements de l’hélium de du xénon. Pour

ce qui a trait à l’hélium, la diffusion dans différents domaines de stoechiométrie

a été considérée. Les simulations ont permis de déterminer le coefficient de diffusion

ainsi que le mécanisme de migration lui-même. Quant au xénon, outre les

propriétés de diffusion, l’intention fut de se diriger vers la modélisation des petites

bulles intragranulaires, et plus précisément vers leur interaction avec les pointes

thermiques, créées lors du recul des fragments de fission. Une description simplifiée de ce processus a été proposée, qui offre de nouvelles perspectives dans ce

domaine.


Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Toczyłowski, Rafał R. "From noble gas dimers to nucleic acid base pairs studies of weak intermolecular interactions /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1102106714.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Springate, Emma Louise. "Atomic clusters in intense laser fields." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313391.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Spratt, David James. "Electron loss and excitation in atom-atom collisions." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287429.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Oliveira, Junior Myriano Henriques de. "Efeitos da pressão exercida por uma matriz de carbono em átomos de xenônio." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277835.

Full text
Abstract:
Orientador: Francisco das Chagas Marques
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T16:01:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OliveiraJunior_MyrianoHenriquesde_M.pdf: 3252159 bytes, checksum: a130bcbe767628c40a0600e14112a2a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Neste trabalho foi preparada uma série de filmes de carbono amorfo pelo processo de IBAD (Ion Beam Assisted Deposition), onde foi utilizado um feixe iônico de Xe com energia fixa para todas as amostras em 1500eV para realizar sputtering em um alvo de grafite e, um segundo feixe de Xe + responsável pelo bombardeio do filme durante o crescimento. Para cada amostra foi utilizada uma energia de bombardeio diferente, de 0 a 400eV. Esse bombardeio, além de gerar uma compactação da matriz induzindo uma pressão na rede (stress intrínseco), faz com que uma certa quantidade de Xe seja incorporada pelo filme. Por medidas de RBS foram observadas concentrações de 3 a 4% desse gás nobre na matriz, que são as concentrações nas quais são observadas formações de aglomerados sólidos desse elemento quando implantado em metais ou semicondutores cristalinos. Por medidas de XAS realizadas com radiação com energias no intervalo que envolve a borda L3 do xenônio foi verificada a formação de tais aglomerados sólidos e, em conjunto com resultados obtidos por simulações computacionais obtivemos um entendimento melhor sobre a estrutura fina na região de XANES dessa borda de absorção. A partir da técnica de SAXS foram encontradas estruturas com dimensões características de cerca de 10 a 25nm de forma achatada. Como os filmes de a-C crescidos por essa técnica são altamente grafíticos, contendo uma concentração de cerca de 90% de ligações do tipo sp 2 essas estruturas parecem ser aglomerados grafíticos, cujas dimensões mostraram-se dependentes da energia de bombardeio utilizada na deposição
Abstract: In this work it was prepared a series of amorphous carbon thin films using the ion beam assisted deposition technique. We used a xenon ion beam in order to sputter a graphite target with a fixed energy of 1500eV for all samples set up. A second ion beam was used as an ion assisting beam during the deposition with different energy for each film but, always in the range of 0 to 400eV. As the bombardment energy is varied the film produced can have a structure more or less compact which implies in a pressure rising along the amorphous net, called intrinsic stress. Another consequence of the bombardment is the xenon incorporation. By RBS measurements it was observed a concentration of about 3 to 4% of this noble gas inside the films, which belong to the same range where is observed a condensation of this element in solid clusters when implanted in crystalline metals or semiconductors. From XAS measurements, with radiation energy within a range involving the Xe L3 absorption edge, those solid clusters formation were observed. With some computational simulations compared to those experimental results we were able to have a better comprehension about XANES fine structure. We used SAXS measurements to try to determine some geometrical parameters beyond those obtained by XAS. As the xenon clusters dimensions are too small (probably of about ten atoms) it is difficult to detect them by this technique with the experimental parameters used but, it was observed some structures that seem to be shaped and have characteristics dimensions varying from 10 to 25nm. What seem to be graphitic planes clusters, once amorphous carbon thin films prepared by IBAD are graphitic-like
Mestrado
Física da Matéria Condensada
Mestre em Física
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Koči, Love. "Studies of Material Properties using Ab Initio and Classical Molecular Dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kondenserade materiens teori (Fysik IV), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8626.

Full text
Abstract:
In this thesis, material properties have been examined under extreme conditions in computer-based calculations. The research on iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and ferropericlase (Mg1-xFexO) are not only important for our understanding of the Earth, but also for an improved knowledge of these materials per se. An embedded-atom model for Fe demonstrated to reproduce properties such as structure factors, densities and diffusion constants, and was employed to evaluate temperature gradients at Earth core conditions. A similar interaction together with a two-temperature method was applied for the analysis of shock-induced melting of Ni. For Mg1-xFexO, the magnetic transition pressure was shown to increase with iron content. Furthermore, the C44 softening with pressure and iron composition supports the experimentally observed phase transition for Mg0.8Fe0.2O at 35 GPa. The properties of high density helium (He) is of great interest as the gas is one of the most abundant elements in the solar system. Furthermore, He and neon (Ne) are often used as pressure media in diamond anvil cells. The melting of He showed a possible fcc-bcc-liquid transition starting at T=340 K, P=22 GPa with a Buckingham potential, whereas the bcc phase was not seen with the Aziz form. For Ne, Monte Carlo calculations at ambient pressure showed very accurate results when extrapolating the melting temperatures to an infinite cluster limit. At high pressure, a one-phase ab initio melting curve showed a match with one-phase L-J potential results, which could imply a correspondence between ab initio/classical one-phase/two-phase calculations. In the search for hard materials, ab initio calculations for four TiO2 phases were compared. Just as imposed by experiment, the cotunnite phase was found to be very hard. The anomalous elastic behavior of the superconducting group-V metals V, Nb, Ta was found to be related to shrinking nesting vectors and the electronic topological transition (ETT).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Kint, Mathieu. "Elasticité de la silice vitreuse sous pression de gaz rares." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS242/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Nous présentons une étude in situ du verre de silice v-SiO2 sous pression hydrostatique de gaz rares par spectroscopie Brillouin et Raman. Les échantillons sont pressurisés avec de l'hélium, du néon et de l'argon dans une cellule à enclume de diamant, dans la gamme 0 - 8 GPa. Les atomes d'hélium et de néon pénètrent dans la structure du verre sous pression. On estime qu'environ un atome d'hélium par tétraèdre SiO4 et qu'environ deux fois moins dans le cas du néon sont adsorbés à 6 GPa. Les modules de compression et de cisaillement en fonction de la pression de fluide sont obtenus à partir des mesures des vitesses acoustiques longitudinales et transverses. L'anomalie de comportement du module de compression de v-SiO2 (minimum à 2 GPa) est supprimée par l'adsorption de He et de Ne, les réarrangements structuraux liés à cette anomalie étant empêchés parl'occupation des sites interstitiels par les atomes d'hélium et de néon. En présence d'hélium et de néon, l'équation d'état V (P) ne permet pas de retrouver le module de compression car la silice se comporte comme un milieu poreux ouvert. La simulation Monte-Carlo des isothermes d'adsorption combinée à la théorie généralisée de la poromécanique permet de décrire les déformations volumiques et les quantités de fluide adsorbées en accord avec les résultats expérimentaux. Dans le cas du néon, la cinétique d'adsorption-désorption est observée par spectroscopie Brillouin. Les spectres Raman VV et VH de v-SiO2 ont été mesurés en fonction de la pression de fluide. La réduction de la distribution des angles Si–O–Si est empêchée par l'insertion d'hélium
We present an in situ study of vitreous silica v-SiO2 under hydrostatic noble gases pressure by Brillouin and Raman spectroscopy. Samples are pressurized in helium, neon and argon in a diamond anvil cell, in the range 0 - 8 GPa. Helium and neon atoms penetrate in the pressurized glass structure. We estimate that about one atom of helium per SiO4 tetrahedron and about half in the neon case are adsorbed at 6 GPa. Bulk and shear moduli as a function of fluid pressure are obtained from measurements of the longitudinal and transverse acoustic velocities. The behaviour anomaly of the bulk modulus of v-SiO2 (minimum at 2 GPa) is suppressed by He and Ne adsorption, structural rearrangements associated with this anomaly being prevented by the occupation of interstitial sites by helium and neon atoms. In the presence of helium and neon, the V(P) equation of state does not allow to recover bulk modulus because silica behaves like an open porous medium. Monte-Carlo simulation of adsorption isotherms combined with the generalized theory of poromechanics allows to describe volume deformations and adsorbed fluid amount in agreement with experimental results. In the neon case, adsorption-desorption kinetics is observed by Brillouin spectroscopy. Measurements of VV and VH Raman spectra of v-SiO2 are made as function of fluid pressure. The reduction of Si–O–Si angles distribution is prevented by the insertion of helium
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Sun, Xue-Zhong. "Fast infrared spectroscopy in supercritical fluids." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311743.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Hofmann, Martin Alexander [Verfasser], Lothar [Akademischer Betreuer] Oberauer, Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Ulrich, and Hubert [Akademischer Betreuer] Kroha. "Liquid Scintillators and Liquefied Rare Gases for Particle Detectors : Background-Determination in Double Chooz and Scintillation Properties of Liquid Argon / Martin Alexander Hofmann. Gutachter: Andreas Ulrich ; Lothar Oberauer ; Hubert Kroha. Betreuer: Lothar Oberauer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1031075305/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Hashimoto, Yumi Rocha. "Avaliação da concentração de radônio em casas pré-fabricadas e determinação da camada emissora de radônio em argamassa de cimento." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2856.

Full text
Abstract:
Pesquisas relacionadas ao radônio são necessárias devido ao potencial carcinogênico dessde gás, e os limites de referência são objeto de recomendações. Neste estudo, foram medidas concentrações de radônio no interior e no exterior de duas casas pré-fabricadas, contruídas em um ambiente experimental, na UTFPR/Ecoville. Uma das casas foi construída com materiais da República Tcheca (1) e a outra (2) com materiais do Brasil. Para tal, detectores CR-39 foram usados. A concentração média para a casa (1) foi de 10,1±1,3 Bq/m³, para a casa (2) foi de 7,8±1,1 Bq/m³ e para o exterior foi de 11,5±2,9 Bq/m³. Os valores ficaram abaixo de 300 Bq/m³, então, nenhuma medida mitigadora se fez necessária. Além disso, foram feitas medidas do número de traços de partículas alfa advindas de corpos de prova de pasta de cimento comum e com adição de areia com alta atividade de radônio, com o intuito de identificar o valor da camada emissora. Para os corpos de prova de pasta de cimento comum, de espessuras de 1,5, 2,6, 3,8 e 4,6 cm, o número de traços foi de 762±25, 799±51, 814±31, 791±45 e 798±27, respectivamente. A análise mostrou que não há diferença estatística entre os dados, o que indica que a espessura de 1,5 cm já se configura como um limite para a exalação de radônio. Já para os corpos de prova de areia ativa, de espessuras 1,4, 2,3, 2,9, 3,5 e 4,2 cm, o número de traços doi de 380±18, 322±15, 298±5, 548±25 e 446±83, respectivamente. Em uma análise geral, concluiu-se que não há aumento expressivo da exalação com o aumento da espessura, de maneira que a espessura de 1,4 cm já se configura como um limite para a exalação de radônio. Com o objetivo de se determinar a concentração de radônio exalada pelos corpos de prova feitos de pasta de cimento comum e de areia ativa, foram analisados corpos de prova em frascos nos quais o equilíbrio secular já havia ocorrido. Os resultados mostraram que, para os corpos de prova de pasta de cimento comum, os valores não configuram um crescimento expressivo. Já para os corpos de prova com alta atividade de radônio, verificou-se um aumento na exalação com aumento da espessura. Para determinar qual a contribuição das concentrações indoor, foi realizada a medição do fluxo de exalação de radônio. Os resultados extrapolados para um cômodo padrão variaram de 15 a 60 Bq/m³. Essa contribuição pode ser considerada expressiva, mas não preocupante, de forma que os resultados foram considerados próximos da normalidade.
Radon-related research is required because of the carcinogenic potential of this gas, and the reference limits are subject of recommendations. For this research, radon concentrations were measured inside and outside of two prefabricated houses, built in an experimental environment, in UTFPR/Ecoville. One of these houses was built with building materials from the Czech Republic (1) and the other (2) with materials from Brazil. Whith this proposal, 40 CR-39 detectors were used. The average concentration for house (1) was 10,1±1,3 Bq/m³, for house (2) was 7,8±1,1 Bq/m³ and for the exterior was 11,5±2,9 Bq/m³. The values obtained were below 300 Bq/m³, thus, no mitigating measures were necessary. Besides, measurements were made of the number of thacks of alpha particles coming from common cement paste samples and from sand with high radon activity samples in order to identify the value of the emitting layer. For common cement paste samples of 1.5, 2.6, 3.8 and 4.6 cm of thickness, the number os tracks was 762±25, 799±51, 814±31, 791±45 e 798±27, respectively. The analysis showed that there ir no statistical difference between the data, which indicates that the thickness of 1.5 cm is already configured as a limit for a randon exhalation. For the active sand samples of 1.4, 2.3, 2.9, 3.5 and 4.2 cm, the number of tracks was 380±18, 322±15, 298±5, 548±25 e 446±83, respectively. In a general analysis, it was concluded that there is no expressive increase of the exhalation with the increase of the thickness, só that the thickness of 1.4 cm is already configured as a limit for the exhalation of radon. In order to determine the concentration of radon exhaled by the samples made of common cement past and active sand, were analyzed samples in flasks where the secular equilibrium had already occured. The results showed that, for common cement past samples, the values do not represent and expressive growth. However, for the test samples with high radon activity and increase in the concentration with increasing the thickness was observed. To determine the contribution of the concentrations in an indoor environment, radon exhalation flux measurement was performed. These results were extrapolated to the standard room and varies from 15 to 60 Bq/m³. This contribution can be considered expressive, but not of concern, só the results were considered close to normality.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Stanley, Rachel H. R. "A determination of air-sea gas exchange and upper ocean biological production from five noble gasses and tritiugenic helium-3." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42282.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Chemical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 215-225).
The five noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) are biologically and chemically inert, making them ideal oceanographic tracers. Additionally, the noble gases have a wide range of solubilities and molecular diffusivities, and thus respond differently to physical forcing. Tritium, an isotope of hydrogen, is useful in tandem with its daughter helium-3 as a tracer for water mass ages. In this thesis, a fourteen month time-series of the five noble gases, helium-3 and tritium was measured at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. The time-series of five noble gases was used to develop a parameterization of air-sea gas exchange for oligotrophic waters and wind speeds between 0 and 13 m s-1 that explicitly includes bubble processes and that constrains diffusive gas exchange to ± 6% and complete and partial air injection processes to ± 15%. Additionally, the parameterization is based on weeks to seasonal time scales, matching the time scales of many relevant biogeochemical cycles. The time-series of helium isotopes, tritium, argon, and oxygen was used to constrain upper ocean biological production. Specifically, the helium flux gauge technique was used to estimate new production, apparent oxygen utilization rates were used to quantify export production, and euphotic zone seasonal cycles of oxygen and argon were used to determine net community production. The concurrent use of these three methods allows examination of the relationship between the types of production and begins to address a number of apparent inconsistencies in the elemental budgets of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.
by Rachel H.R. Stanley.
Ph.D.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Rosa, Cinara Ewerling da. "FORMULACÃO UNIFICADA PARA MODELOS CIN�ETICOS DERIVADOS DA EQUAÇÃO DE BOLTZMANN COM CONDIÇÕES DE CONTORNO GENERALIZADAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9974.

Full text
Abstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In this paper, we present numerical results obtained from the FORTRAN language for physical quantities of interest such as velocity profile, pro�le, heat ow rate, particle ow rate,heat ux and pressure tensor component. The gas ow occur in the direction parallel to thesurface the gas is confined because of a constant gradient of pressure and a constant gradient of temperature are represented by Poiseuille Problem and Problem Creep Thermal, respectively. It also considers the Couette Problem where the gas moves from the motion of the plates in opposite directions. In order to describe the gas-surface interaction we use the kernel of Cercignani-Lamp, which as opposed to core scattering Maxwell has two accommodation coeficients to represent the physical properties of gas, leaving this interaction closer to reality. From the simplification of the Boltzmann equation has the kinetic theory for rarefied gas dynamics, which is developed analytically in a uni�ed approach to the BGK Model, S Model, Gross-Jackson (GJ) Model and MRS Model. Thus, we seek to model that most closely approximates the veracity, comparing the numerical values generated by the models and the linearized Boltzmann equation through numerical analysis, graphics and mathematical statistics with the procedure of the variance of two factors made by Friedman. A version of the analytical method of discrete ordinates (ADO) is used to solve the problems of Poiseuille, Creep Thermal and Couette for two plates infinte paralalelas with different chemical constitutions Boundary Conditions for the Cercignani-Lampis.
Neste trabalho, são apresentados resultados numéricos obtidos a partir da linguagem FORTRAN para quantidades físicas de interesse como perfil de velocidade, perfil fluxo de calor, taxa fluxo de partícula, taxa fluxo de calor e componente tensor de pressão. O fluxo gasoso ocorre na direção paralela a superfície que o gás esta confinado devido a um gradiente constante de pressão e um gradiente constante de temperatura que são representados pelo Problema de Poiseuille e Problema Creep térmico respectivamente. Além disso, também considera-se o Problema de Couette onde o gás se move a partir do movimento das placas em sentidos opostos. A �fim de descrever a interação gás-superfície utiliza-se o núcleo de Cercignani-Lampis, que ao contrário do núcleo de espalhamento de Maxwell tem dois coeficientes de acomodação para representar as propriedades físicas do gás, deixando esta interação mais próxima da realidade. A partir da simplificação da Equação de Boltzmann tem-se a teoria cinética para a dinâmica de gases rarefeito, que é desenvolvida analiticamente em uma abordagem unificada para o Modelo BGK, Modelo S, Modelo Gross-Jackson (GJ) e Modelo MRS. Dessa maneira, busca-se o modelo que mais se aproxima da veracidade, comparando os valores numéricos gerados pelos modelos e a Equação Linearizada de Boltzmann através de análises numéricas, gráficas e de matemática estatística com o procedimento da variância de dois fatores de Friedman por postos. Uma versão analítica do método de ordenadas discretas (ADO) é usada para resolver os Problemas de Poiseuille, Creep Térmico e Couette para duas placas paralalelas infintas com constituições químicas diferentes para Condições de Contorno de Cercignani-Lampis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Hemici, Mustapha. "Spectroscopie laser sur niveaux électroniques excités d'excimères et d'ions de gaz rares." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET4015.

Full text
Abstract:
Des études des états excités d'excimères et d'ions de gaz rares ont été réalisées en combinant spectroscopie de l'ultraviolet du vide (VUV) et spectroscopie laser résolue en temps. Les états électroniques 1u, 0u- relaxés, de l'excimère de krypton sont préparés par une excitation atomique vuv fournie par l'émission monochromatisée d'un plasma laser d'argon. La réexcitation est réalisée par un laser à colorant accordable décalable en temps vis-à-vis de la première excitation. Cette réexcitation fournit une information d'une part purement moléculaire et d'autre part combinée atomique et moléculaire par la mesure simultanée de la fluorescence réduite par laser ou LRF (Laser Reduced Fluorescence) et de l'ionisation multiphotonique résonante ou REMPI (Resonantly Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization). Les spectres visible et infra-rouge sont interprétés par comparaison avec des spectres synthétiques calculés. Le calcul utilisé des potentiels moléculaires ab initio recents, les moments de transitions ab initio calculés entre les états concernés, les facteurs de Franck-Condon et la distribution de Boltzmann. Le couplage spin-orbite est mis en évidence pour la première fois dans les spectres infra rouge. Des structures très différentes sont observées quand des états supérieurs pi-g et sigma-g sont impliqués par suite de la forme différente des courbes de potentiels qui présentent un croisement évité conduisant à la prédissociation. Des résultats préliminaires de spectres d'absorption transitoire atomique et ionique, obtenus en sondant un plasma laser, sont discutés en vue de développements futurs
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Rossomme, Séverine. "Modélisation de l'évaporation des films liquides minces, y compris au voisinage des lignes de contact: application aux caloducs à rainures." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210409.

Full text
Abstract:
Les recherches que nous présentons dans ce manuscrit s’inscrivent dans le cadre de l’analyse des phénomènes de transport fondamentaux impliqués lors du processus d’évaporation d’un film liquide mince. Outre les mécanismes macroscopiques (résistance thermique du solide, capillarité, thermocapillarité, …) qui influencent le comportement de tels films, des développements fondamentaux et expérimentaux ont mis en évidence le rôle significatif d’effets microscopiques, comme les forces de van der Waals [11,96,117]. L’objectif de cette thèse est double. Il s’agit tout d’abord de caractériser les phénomènes locaux qui influencent le processus d’évaporation et ensuite, d’étendre notre étude à une échelle globale “macroscopique”. Ce manuscrit est divisé en deux parties qui correspondent à ces deux objectifs.

L’étude décrite dans la première partie propose une contribution originale à la modélisation de l’évaporation des films minces, y compris au voisinage des lignes de contact. De manière générale, nous cherchons à mettre en évidence l’influence de phénomènes qui se déroulent aux petites échelles sur le transfert thermique d’un film mince déposé sur une paroi plane et chauffée. Dans le cadre de l’hypothèse de lubrification, deux modèles sont dès lors développés. Le premier modèle décrit l’évaporation d’un film liquide mince dans sa vapeur pure tandis que le second modèle porte sur l’évaporation d’un film liquide mince dans un gaz inerte. Les diverses recherches menées sont principalement orientées vers la quantification, d’une part, des angles de contact apparents générés par l’évaporation, malgré le caractère parfaitement mouillant du couple liquide-solide utilisé et, d’autre part, des flux de chaleur et de matière interfaciaux. Une particularité du premier modèle est qu’il généralise divers modèles existants [15,25,86,117] en regroupant un ensemble de phénomènes spécifiques et complexes tels que le saut de température à l’interface liquide-vapeur, la résistance thermique de la vapeur et celle du solide ou la variation locale de la température de saturation à l’interface liquide-vapeur suite à la courbure interfaciale et aux forces de van der Waals. En plus de ces effets, d’autres mécanismes plus classiques sont inclus dans le modèle :la tension superficielle, la thermocapillarité, la pression de disjonction, l’évaporation et le recul de vapeur. Des analyses de stabilité linéaires et des études paramétriques ont été réalisées afin de quantifier l’influence de ces phénomènes sur la stabilité d’un film liquide mince, sur son évaporation et sur le transfert de chaleur associé. Au travers des chapitres 3 et 4, nous mettons notamment en évidence

• comment les forces de van der Waals compensent l’évaporation du film liquide mince de façon à créer un film stationnaire stable,

• pourquoi le recul de la vapeur et la thermocapillarité sont deux phénomènes qui peuvent être négligés dans les conditions étudiées dans ce travail,

• des lois analytiques qui décrivent certaines variables du problème, plus particulièrement l’angle de contact et le maximum du flux de chaleur, en fonction de la surchauffe de la paroi solide.

Faisant suite aux travaux proposés par Haut et Colinet [59], nous avons ensuite développé un second modèle afin de caractériser l’évaporation dans une faible quantité de gaz inerte d’un film liquide mince déposé sur une paroi plate et chauffée. Tout comme dans le cadre de l’étude précédente, notre analyse s’articule autour d’une étude de stabilité linéaire ainsi que d’études paramétriques réalisées sur des nombres caractéristiques du problème. Alors que les conclusions sur la stabilité du film sont indépendantes de la quantité de gaz inerte contenue dans la phase vapeur, il n’en est pas de même pour les transferts de matière et de chaleur interfaciaux comme montré au chapitre 5.

Dans la seconde partie du travail, nous utilisons les conclusions auxquelles nous sommes arrivés dans la première partie dans le cadre d’une application industrielle. En collaboration avec le Centre d’Excellence en Recherche Aéronautique (CENAERO) et la société Euro Heat Pipes (EHP), une stratégie a été élaborée afin de simuler les transferts thermiques radiaux dans une rainure d’un caloduc au niveau de l’évaporateur. Les résultats numériques, obtenus sur base d’un modèle multi-échelle développé à l’ULB et implémenté numériquement lors d’un stage chez CENAERO, montrent que ces transferts sont influencés par la valeur de l’angle de contact. Celui-ci dépendant des phénomènes microscopiques, il s’avère par conséquent nécessaire de les inclure dans le modèle thermique. En effet, si nous ne considérons que les aspects macroscopiques du problème, qui se résument à la conduction dans le solide et dans le liquide, le coefficient d’échange global au niveau de la rainure est surestimé.


Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

SOUZA, EDVALDO R. de. "Caracterizações microestruturais e avaliações das propriedades mecânicas das juntas em aço inoxidável AISI 301 L soldadas por MIG e submetidas ao reparo pelo processo TIG." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26797.

Full text
Abstract:
Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-11-11T09:40:30Z No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-11T09:40:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
A soldagem tem grande importância no setor metroferroviário, pois é empregada na fabricação de componentes estruturais e no acabamento de vagões de passageiros, que em sua maior parte são de aço inoxidável. As juntas soldadas podem apresentar descontinuidades que são interrupções que afetam as propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas da junta soldada. A presença destas descontinuidades, dependendo do seu tamanho, natureza ou efeito combinado, pode ocasionar a reprovação da junta soldada, quer pela redução de propriedades mecânicas ou pela não aceitação, segundo critérios estabelecidos em normas. Uma estrutura que tenha uma solda reprovada durante sua qualificação ou inspeção, pela presença de descontinuidades pode ser recuperada, por meio de um retrabalho a ser realizado nesta junta. A refusão do cordão de solda por meio do processo TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), sem a utilização do material de adição, é uma técnica de retrabalho que pode ser empregada, em especial pela viabilidade técnica e econômica do processo. Neste estudo analisou-se a influência que o processo de reparo por soldagem TIG exerceu no comportamento mecânico e microestrutural das juntas soldadas pelo processo MIG, por meio de: ensaios mecânicos (tração, fadiga e microdureza Vickers), ensaios não destrutivos (inspeção visual e líquidos penetrantes) e caracterização microestrutural do cordão de solda. Resultados das amostras de ensaio de tração e fadiga indicaram que o reparo dos cordões de solda não alterou o comportamento mecânico das juntas. As juntas submetidas ao reparo nas quais foram retirados os reforços dos cordões apresentaram modificações nas propriedades mecânicas, mas também apresentaram resultados satisfatórios.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Chamorro, Perez Eva Maria. "Les volatils dans le manteau terrestre : étude expérimentale à haute pression et haute température ; l'exemple de l'argon et du carbone." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10178.

Full text
Abstract:
La cellule a enclumes de diamant a chauffage laser co#2 a permis l'etude de la solubilite de l'ar dans les liquides silicates sous pression (p). L'evolution de la solubilite d'ar avec p dans sio#2 et mg#2sio#4 fondues presente un comportement jamais observe auparavant : une augmentation a peu pres lineaire a basse p, mais au dela de 5 gpa, elle chute soudainement d'un ordre de grandeur. Celle-ci est interpretee comme le resultat d'une competition entre deux phenomenes ayant lieu simultanement avec l'augmentation de p : l'elevation de la fugacite d'ar qui provoque une augmentation de la solubilite (loi de henry) et la densification du liquide qui entraine une diminution de la place disponible pour les atomes d'ar. L'adaptation du modele de la porosite ionique et de la distribution log-lineaire nous a permis de prevoir la chute de la solubilite pour le xe vers 2 gpa et pour l'he vers 8-10 gpa. Ce resultat implique une evolution de l'incompatible des gaz rares avec la profondeur. La presse multienclumes a permis l'etude du systeme silicate (et oxyde)- carbonate dans des conditions mantelliques. Le carbonate stable sous pression est la magnesite. Le carbone reste un element tres incompatible : les liquides formes lors des fusions partielles ont une composition 60% en moles de carbonate. Ces experiences ont mis en evidence l'existence d'une solution solide partielle enstatite-magnesite, dont le minimum de magnesite dissoute est de 0. 6% en poids. L'olivine, la wadsleyite et (fe,mg)o, semblent egalement presenter une solution solide avec la magnesite tout aussi importante, meme lors des fusions partielles. Cette faible solution des carbonates dans les silicates et oxydes porte des consequences importantes dans le cycle interne du carbone, car la totalite du carbone estime etre contenu dans le manteau peut se trouver sous la forme de solution solide. La magnesite ne se trouverait sous la forme d'une phase separee que quand la concentration est superieure a 6%.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Avice, Guillaume. "Origin and evolution of atmospheric xenon and other noble gases : geodynamical and atmospheric implications." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0032/document.

Full text
Abstract:
L'origine de l'atmosphère terrestre demeure énigmatique. De plus, de nombreux évènements tels que les contributions de matière extraterrestre, le dégazage de la Terre solide ou encore les fuites de l'atmosphère vers l'espace ont modifié la composition de l'atmosphère au cours du temps. Ces travaux de thèse visaient à analyser précisément la composition de l'atmosphère ancienne piégée dans des roches âgées de plusieurs milliards d'années afin de mieux contraindre son origine et son évolution. L'analyse des isotopes du xénon, un gaz rare, démontre qu'une fraction de l'atmosphère terrestre ne peut avoir été apportée par les météorites mais plutôt par des corps riches en eau et en éléments volatils tels que les comètes. De plus, la composition isotopique de l'atmosphère a évolué au cours du temps jusqu'à il y a deux milliards d'années environ. Cette évolution du fractionnement est peut-être concomitante à celle l'oxygénation progressive de l'atmosphère qui a permis le développement de la vie telle que nous la connaissons aujourd'hui
The origin of the Earth's atmosphere remains poorly understood. Its elemental and isotopic compositions have been shaped by numerous events in the history of our planet, such as extraterrestrial contributions, mantle degassing, atmospheric escape etc. This study aimed to analyze the composition of atmospheric gases trapped in several billion years old samples in order to better understand the origin and evolution of the Earth's atmosphere. Isotope analyses of xenon, a noble gas, demonstrate that part of the atmosphere was not brought by meteorites but might have been delivered to the Earth's atmosphere by volatile-rich bodies such as comets. Furthermore, the isotopic composition of atmospheric Xe evolved over geological ages and can be linked to the progressive oxidation of the atmosphere that permitted the emergence and development of modern forms of life
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Miller, Jonathan Robert. "The effect of solution uptake rate on aerosol characteristics and signal emission intensities for inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30387.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Caracausi, Antonio. "Noble gases as geochemical tracers of Earth's dynamic and evolution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0339.

Full text
Abstract:
Dans mon projet, j'ai utilisé les gaz nobles (He, Ne, Ar, Kr et Xe) pour étudier les processus naturels se déroulant dans différents contextes géodynamiques (c.-à-d. subduction, collision continentale, rifting), montrant ainsi comment l'utilisation des gaz rares est fondamentale pour contraindre l'origine des substances volatiles et comment ils permettent une évaluation qualitative et quantitative des processus (interaction eau-gaz-roche) qui se produisent pendant la remontée des fluides de l'intérieur de la Terre vers l'atmosphère. Les résultats de mon projet peuvent être résumés en cinq thèmes principaux : 1) Aperçu de l’histoire du dégazage du manteau terrestre à partir d'analyses de haute précision des gaz rares du gaz magmatique ; 2) Systématique des gaz nobles et des isotopes du carbone sur le volcan Ciomadul, apparemment inactif (Roumanie): Preuve du dégazage volcanique ; 3) Fluides dérivés du manteau dans le bassin sédimentaire de Java oriental, Indonésie ; 4) Dégazage des volatiles du manteau dans un régime tectonique de compression hors du volcanisme: rôle de la délamination continentale ; 5) Dégazage continental de l'hélium dans un contexte tectonique actif (nord de l'Italie) : le rôle de la sismicité
In my project, I used the nobles gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe) to investigate natural processes occurring in different geodynamical contexts (i.e., subduction, continental collision, rifting), showing how the use of the noble gases is fundamental to constrain the origin of volatiles, and to investigate the Earth interior. Furthermore, I also used these volatiles to recognize the processes (water-gas-rock interaction) that occur during the fluids up rise from the Earth’s interior to the atmosphere and quantitatively constrain the extents of these processes. The results of my project are summarized in five main topics: 1) Insights into the degassing history of Earth’s mantle from high precision noble gas analysis of magmatic gas 2) Noble Gas and Carbon Isotope Systematics at the Seemingly Inactive Ciomadul Volcano (Romania): Evidence for Volcanic Degassing 3) Mantle‐Derived Fluids in the East Java Sedimentary Basin, Indonesia 4) Outgassing of Mantle Volatiles in Compressional Tectonic Regime Away From Volcanism: The Role of Continental Delamination 5) Continental degassing of helium in an active tectonic setting (northern Italy): the role of seismicity
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Smith, Thomas. "Transfert vertical des gaz rares à l'échelle des différentes formations de la zone de transposition du site Meuse/Haute-Marne et à l'échelle des eaux porales de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14127/document.

Full text
Abstract:
L’Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs (Andra) a pour mission d’évaluer la possibilité d’un stockage sûr et réversible des déchets de haute activité et à vie longue (HAVL) en milieu géologique profond. Depuis 1994, l’Andra étudie dans cette optique les propriétés d’une couche argileuse, le Callovo-Oxfordien (COx) située dans l’Est du Bassin Parisien, à la limite des départements de la Meuse et de la Haute-Marne. A l’échelle du secteur d’étude, le COx constitue une couche homogène d’environ 130 mètres d’épaisseur, profonde de 500 mètres en moyenne, encadrée par deux formations calcaires, l’Oxfordien au sommet et le Dogger à la base. Le COx présente des perméabilités très faibles et des propriétés de confinement favorables pour un stockage.Les gaz rares (He, Ne, Ar, Kr et Xe) sont chimiquement inertes, leur couche de valence étant saturée, aucune liaison covalente intramoléculaire n’est généralement possible. De plus, ils possèdent de nombreux isotopes, d’origine différente, ce qui fait d’eux d’excellents traceurs en hydrogéologie. Les concentrations en gaz rares dans les environnements sédimentaires sont contrôlées par la loi de Henry : ils se dissolvent dans l’eau avec laquelle ils sont en contact, et ce en fonction de paramètres tels que la température, la salinité et la pression.Afin de compléter et préciser les propriétés du COx dans une zone de 250 km² autour du Laboratoire souterrain de Meuse/Haute-Marne, appelée « zone de transposition » (ZT), l’Andra a entrepris une campagne de forages entre Novembre 2007 et Juin 2008. Dans le cadre de cette campagne, le COx a été carotté dans quatre forages et échantillonné. L’un des forages a également recoupé l’ensemble de la pile sédimentaire Mésozoïque, depuis l’Oxfordien calcaire jusqu’à la base du Trias (-1600 mètres).Sur les quatre forages de la zone de transposition (A, B, C et D), des échantillons de roches ont été prélevés et conditionnés pour l’analyse en laboratoire des concentrations en gaz rares dissous dans les eaux porales. Les concentrations absolues en gaz rares ont été déterminées par spectrométrie de masse.Les profils en He obtenus pour chaque plateforme de forage présentent la même tendance. Les concentrations en He mesurées dans les eaux porales de la plateforme C sont en moyenne entre 2 et 3 fois plus faibles que pour les autres plateformes, et ainsi comparables aux valeurs mesurées dans le laboratoire souterrain, ce qui suggèrerait une circulation des eaux dans le Dogger comparativement moins lente que dans les autres plateformes de forage. Une modélisation 1-D des profils de concentration en He a permis de valider les mesures analytiques et de confirmer que la forme des profils est contrôlée par les concentrations en He imposées dans le Dogger. Le profil de concentrations en He mesurées dans le forage profond suggère d’une part une influence très faible voire nulle d’un flux d’origine mantellique et d’autre part une isolation des formations triasiques et du Lias adjacent. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus a ainsi permis d’avoir une meilleure connaissance des processus de transferts diffusifs dans la formation du COx et dans les aquifères encaissants
The French Radioactive Waste Management National Agency (Andra) is studying the possibility of a high level and long lived radioactive waste repository in geological formation. Since 1994, Andra is studying the properties of the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) argillaceous rock, located in the eastern part of the Paris Basin. In the designated zone, COx is a 130 meters thick clay rich sequence, found at a depth of about 500 meters and encompassed between two aquifers, the Oxfordian limestone above and the Dogger limestone below. Callovo-Oxfordian permeabilities are very low, which is suitable with radioactive waste disposal. Noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe) are considered as natural tracers, useful in hydrogeology, for several reasons. First, noble gases are nearly chemically inert, and then no reaction occurs between them and other species. Secondly, noble gases have several isotopes and many of them have different origins, so it is possible to distinguish sources terms. Noble gases concentrations in geological formations are controlled by physical properties such as temperature, pressure and salinity. To have more information on the COx properties, Andra has selected four drilling sites in a 250 km2 area around the Underground Research Laboratory. From November 2007 to June 2008, on each site, Callovo-Oxfordian clay and both overlaying (Oxfordian) and underlying (Dogger) limestones were investigated. A 1600 meters deep borehole, reaching the Trias base, allows investigating the whole length of the Mesozoïc sedimentary pile.On each drilling sites (named A, B, C and D), pore water noble gases concentrations were performed by mass spectrometry. Each helium profiles show the same general trends. Helium concentrations measured in the borehole C COx pore water are about 2 to 3 times lower than those observed for the other boreholes, and so comparable with previous measurements in the Underground Laboratory. These lower concentrations for borehole C could suggest differences in water average velocities in Dogger limestone, in comparison with the other ones. Calculations using a 1-D model were done; the results corroborate analytical measurements and confirm that helium diffusion profiles in the COx are controlled by Dogger helium concentrations that were put in the model. The vertical profile of dissolved helium concentration throughout the deep borehole suggest on the one hand that there is no deep crustal flux, and on the other hand that Trias is well isolated from the Lias and Dogger overlaying formations.The whole results obtained in this study provide a better understanding about diffusive transfer processes occurring in the COx and in the surrounding limestone aquifers
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Clements, Philip Jameson. "Roll to Save vs. Prejudice: The Phenomenology of Race in Dungeons & Dragons." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1448050814.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Liu, Yuting. "Tangram Race Mathematical Game: Combining Wearable Technology and Traditional Games for Enhancing Mathematics Learning." Digital WPI, 2014. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1102.

Full text
Abstract:
"The public in general and educational communities are aware of the importance of elementary math education in students' lives, as it establishes a cognitive and motivational foundation to reach higher levels of schooling. However, students usually learn passively in traditional instructivist modes, and tend to get bored and disengaged. In contrast, games can be a useful way to assist education and engage students. This thesis reports on a novel game learning environment for mathematics learning, the Tangrams Race, which attempts to inspire students to learn math, by combining traditional outdoor games and wearable technology in the form of Cyber Watches. The Tangrams Race, a physical game designed for elementary school students to play outdoors, is examined and tested in two studies to show that the game-based learning environment and the technology can enhance learning gains and inspire students interest to learn mathematics."
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Shao, Kejun. "Kinetic Study of the Reactions of Chlorine Atoms with Fluoromethane and Fluoromethane-d3 in the Gas Phase." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011808/.

Full text
Abstract:
The kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of chlorine atoms with fluoromethane (CH3F) and fluoromethane-d3(CD3F) were tested experimentally. The relative rate method was applied by using CH4 as the reference compound for fluoromethane (CH3F) and CH4 and CH3F as the reference compound for fluoromethane-d3(CD3F). The rate constants for H-abstraction from CH3F and D-abstraction from CD3F were measured at room temperature and a total pressure of 920 Torr using Ar as a diluent. The rate constants are described by the expressions: kH= (3.50±0.52) x 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and kD=(5.0±0.51) x 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The kinetic isotope effect, equal to the ratio kH/kD, was found to be 7.0±1.2 at room temperature.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Doshi, Viral V. "MEASUREMENT OF ALGAL GROWTH RATE BETWEEN HARVESTS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY LIT PHOTOBIOREACTOR UNDER FLUE GAS CONDITIONS." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1164057276.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography