Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gases from plants Measurement'
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Garatuza-Payan, Jaime. "Evaporation from irrigated crops its measurement, modeling and estimation from remotely sensed data /." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1999_257_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Full textGanesan, Anita Lakshmi. "Quantifying emissions of greenhouse gases from South Asia through a targeted measurement campaign." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82307.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-167).
Methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N20) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) are powerful greenhouse gases with global budgets that are well-known but regional distributions that are not adequately constrained for the purposes of mitigation and policy initiatives. Quantifying emissions using inverse approaches at the national scale requires measurements that specifically target the region of interest. Primarily due to the lack of atmospheric measurements from the region, emissions estimates of these greenhouse gases from India have largely been missing. New in situ measurements of atmospheric mole fractions from a Himalayan station in Darjeeling, India (27.03'N, 88.26'E, 2200 meters above sea level) have been collected from December 2011 for CH4 and March 2012 for N20 and SF6 to February 2013 using high-precision instrumentation that is linked to the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE). These measurements comprise the first high-frequency dataset of these gases collected in India and are used for measurement-based assessment of emissions. Several features are identified. In SF6 , the signal associated with Northern Hemispheric background is typically present. CH4 and N20 mole fractions are almost always enhanced over the background, suggesting strong regional sources. Additionally, a diurnal signal resulting from thermally driven winds is seasonally present. A particle dispersion model is used to track 'air histories' of measurements, quantifying the sensitivity of concentrations at Darjeeling to surface emissions. The effect of topography on the derived air histories is investigated to test the robustness of the model in simulating transport in this complex environment. The newly acquired data set is used to investigate the ability of the model to reproduce signals that stem from the mesoscale diurnal winds. The sensitivities of meteorological resolution and particle release height are investigated to better quantify some of the uncertainties associated with this chemical transport model. A Quasi-Newton inverse method is used to estimate emissions at monthly resolution. CH4 , N20 and SF6 emissions from India are found to be 44.3% Tg yr- 1, 825 1045/707 GgN yr- 1 and 221 241/205 kton yr-', respectively. Significant uncertainty reduction is seen on emissions from India during the summer when the monsoon results in high sensitivity over the subcontinent.
by Anita Lakshmi Ganesan.
Ph.D.in Climate Physics and Chemistry
Brunke, Richard R. "Evaluation of nitrogen losses in the form of ammonia from surface applied manure." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65379.
Full textGordon, Robert J. (Robert James) 1940. "Field estimates of ammonia volatilization from swine manure by a simple micrometeorological technique." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63905.
Full textSchmidt, Douglas Stephen. "Electrochemical removal of SOx from flue gas." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10235.
Full textAttili, Viswatej. "Capture and mineralization of carbon dioxide from coal combustion flue gas emissions." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1939354121&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textAguilar, Gallardo Orlando Alexis. "Measurement and control of greenhouse gas emissions from beef cattle feedlots." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15167.
Full textDepartment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering
Ronaldo Maghirang
Emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), including nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2), from open beef cattle feedlots is becoming an environmental concern; however, scientific information on emissions and abatement measures for feedlots is limited. This research was conducted to quantify GHG emissions from feedlots and evaluate abatement measures for mitigating emissions. Specific objectives were to: (1) measure N2O emissions from the pens in a commercial cattle feedlot; (2) evaluate the effectiveness of surface amendments in mitigating GHG emissions from feedlot manure; (3) evaluate the effects of water application on GHG emissions from feedlot manure; and (4) compare the photo-acoustic infrared multi-gas analyzer (PIMA) and gas chromatograph (GC) in measuring concentrations of N2O and CO2 emitted from feedlot manure. Field measurements on a commercial beef cattle feedlot using static flux chambers combined with GC indicated that N2O emission fluxes varied significantly with pen surface condition. The moist/muddy surface had the largest median emission flux; the dry and compacted, dry and loose, and flooded surfaces had significantly lower median emission fluxes. Pen surface amendments (i.e., organic residues, biochar, and activated carbon) were applied on feedlot manure samples in glass containers and evaluated for their effectiveness in mitigating GHG emissions. Emission fluxes were measured with the PIMA. For dry manure, all amendments showed significant reduction in N2O and CO2 emission fluxes compared with the control (i.e., no amendment). For moist manure, biochar significantly reduced GHG emissions at days 10 and 15 after application; the other amendments had limited effects on GHG emissions. The effect of water application on GHG emissions from feedlot manure was evaluated. Manure samples (with and without water application) were placed in glass containers and analyzed for GHG emission using a PIMA. For the dry manure, GHG emissions were negligible. Application of water on the manure samples resulted in short-term peaks of GHG emissions a few minutes after water application. Comparison of the GC and PIMA showed that they were significantly correlated but differed in measured concentrations of N2O and CO2. The PIMA showed generally lower N2O concentrations and higher CO2 concentrations than the GC.
Verma, Suruchi. "Comparative Analysis of Wind, Solar and Landfill Gases as Alternative Sources of Energy for Electricity Generation." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1262.
Full textEbune, Guilbert Ebune. "Carbon Dioxide Capture from Power Plant Flue Gas using Regenerable Activated Carbon Powder Impregnated with Potassium Carbonate." Connect to resource online, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1221227267.
Full textLukama, Beatice M. K. "Effects of gaseous emissions from the Namakwa Sands Mineral Separation Plant near Lutzville on the adjacent succulent Karoo vegetation : a pilot study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2041.
Full textA pilot study was conducted at the Namakwa Sands Mineral Separation Plant, to investigate the effects of acidic gaseous emissions from the Mineral Separation Plant on the adjacent Succulent Karoo vegetation. Sulphuric acid fumes, a major gaseous emission of the mineral processing, was the subject of investigation of the present study, due to the potential high negative impact of elevated concentrations thereof on vegetation in the ecosystem. Permanent sample plots along three transects radiating from the Mineral Separation Plant were laid out in the eastern, south-eastern and southern directions following the prevailing wind directions and practical consideration of land accessibility. The ecological components assessed as indicators of possible pollution levels in the environment included percentage plant mortality, foliar sulphur content of selected plant species, chemical composition of solubles in mist and dust samples, and soil pH. In addition, the vegetation was screened for plant species suitable to be used as potential bioindicators. Potential bioindicator plant species were selected on the basis of their relatively wide distribution in the study area and apparent sensitivity to the ambient air pollutants. The percentage of dead plants of each species that occurred on the sample plots was used as a criterion of the possible sensitivity of the plant species towards air pollution. The bioindicator plant species selected for potential monitoring purposes were: Galenia fruticosa, Lampranthus suavissimus, Lycium ferocissimum and a Ruschia sp. (SP 9). Plant mortality was greater nearer the emission source, with 28 + 5 % dead plants at 400 m, 19 + 6 % at 800 m and only 10 + 4 % at 1,200 m from the Mineral Separation Plant. Data summed for all species recorded and pooled for all three transects per sampling distance. With the methods used in this study, in the case of all sample plots on the three transects, no significant difference was found between the mean pH values of soil samples collected from open spaces without plant cover (8.01 + 0.46) and those collected underneath shrubs (8.91 + 0.96). Subsequently only the pH values of soil samples collected on open spaces were used to investigate the variation in soil acidity with distance and direction from the emission source. The means represent total number of samples from open space versus those collected from underneath shrubs. The pH of soil samples increased with distance from the emission source along the transects to the south and south-east of the emission source. Eastward of the emission source, soil pH values remained relatively low at all sample distances. This pilot study could not determine whether the continuous acidity of the soil along the eastern transect in the direction of the prevailing wind, was caused by increased deposition of gaseous emissions on the higher lying hilly terrain in this area, or by the underlying geology. Ion chromatographic analysis of mist and dust samples collected on each sample plot indicated the presence of several chemicals that had probably originated from the gaseous emissions from the Mineral Separation Plant as well as wind blown constituents from the adjacent surroundings of the sample plots. Of these chemicals, only the sulphate concentrations of the mist and dust samples were further evaluated, since that could be related to the emission of sulphuric acid fumes by the Mineral Separation Plant. Results indicated that the mean sulphate concentration of mist and dust samples collected from sample plots relatively close to the Mineral Separation Plant, 118.8 + 31.6 mg/litre (400 m), were higher than further afield, decreasing to 57 + 30.1 mg/litre at 800 m and 43.1 + 19.6 mg/litre at 1,200 m. These values, representing the mean sulphate concentrations of mist and dust samples at each sampling distance (data of the three transects pooled), differ significantly at the 85 % confidence level. Statistical evaluation of the data of the mist and dust pH measurements, pooled for the three transects on the basis of distance, indicated a gradual increase of the mean values from 400 m (7.3 + 0.26), through 800 m (7.7 + 0.34), to 1,200 m (8.2 + 0.83), although these values were not significantly different. A decreasing trend in accordance with that in the case of the sulphate concentrations of mist and dust samples with distance from the mineral processing plant, was also observed in the sulphur content of the leaves of selected plant species, with mean sulphur content higher at 400 m sampling distance (0.29 + 0.091 %) than at 800 m (0.264 + 0.086 %) and a further decline at 1,200 m (0.232 + 0.079 %), data of the three transects pooled. However, these values were also not significantly different. Although not significantly so, the decreasing trend in the results of the sulphate concentration of mist and dust samples, the sulphur content of plant leaf samples as well as plant mortality observed, and increasing soil pH values with distance from the Mineral Separation Plant, suggest that the gaseous emissions from the Mineral Separation Plant could probably have had a detrimental effect on the adjacent Succulent Karoo vegetation. A more detailed study is necessary to confirm this trend. In addition it is recommended that in order to clarify the soil pH measurements outcome along the eastern transect that were contradicted by the results of the mist and dust pH measurements, a more intensive survey over a greater distance (at least further than 1.2 km from the Mineral Separation Plant), be conducted to quantify vegetation damage and acid deposition to the east of the emission source.
Steed, John Arthur. "Methane emissions from typical manure management systems." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36620.
Full textGraduation date: 1994
Anthoni, Peter M. "Carbon dioxide eddy flux measurements in complex terrain from a coniferous forest under the influence of marine air." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34045.
Full text"Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from Water, Plants, and Soils of a Constructed Treatment Wetland in Phoenix, AZ." Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44312.
Full textDissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Biology 2017
Ye, An-Di, and 葉安迪. "Measurement of the Critical Odorants Emitted from Food Waste Composting Plants Using SnO2 Gas Sensor and Olfactometry." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26289265990570751518.
Full text國立陽明大學
環境衛生研究所
93
With the rising economy and the growing population in Taiwan, amounts of waste are increasing rapidly. Large proportions of waste are food wastes which can be composted to be new resources, but follow after will have odor problems. Currently, the measurement for odors is using olfactometry or precision instruments, such as GC. The former one is based on subjective determining, and the latter one is not appropriate enough to represent the humans’ olfactory feelings. In a previous study, gas detect tubes and GC/MS were used to identify more than 20 chemicals in the odors from Taiwan’s food waste composting plants. In this study, we used SnO2 gas sensor and olfactometry to measure field samples from food waste composting plants, the six criticalchemicals of odors, including ammonia, acetic acid, trimethylamine, ethylbenzene, dimethylsulphide, and p-cymene that are all over human detect threshold in food waste composting plant gas. The feasibility of SnO2 gas sensor to measure odors was conducted and assessed the human thresholds of six odorants respectively for Taiwanese by using olfactometry. Results show there are good correlations between the results of SnO2 gas sensor and olfactometry (R=0.6583 for ammonia, R=0.9342 for acetic acid, R=0.9582 for trimethylamine, R=0.8311 for ethylbenzene, R=0.9829 for dimethylsulphide and R=0.9331 for p-cymene, respectively)when six odorants in higher concentrations(ammonia: 5-100 ppm, acetic acid: 0.1-100 ppm, trimethylamine, ethylbenzene, dimethylsulphide and p-cymene: 0.25-100 ppm). And there is a high correlation between the results of field samples from food waste composting plant measuring by SnO2 gas sensor and olfactometry. The human odor detection thresholds of ammonia, acetic acid, ethylbenzene, dimethylsulphide, trimethylamine, and p-cycmene for Taiwanese are 1.0258 ppm, 0.0546 ppm, 0.0849 ppm, 0.0088 ppm, 0.0003 ppm, and 0.0284 ppm, respectively. The study reveals that SnO2 gas sensor could be a convenient and quicker equipment to measure odors by assisting or replacing with olfactometry for emitted odors of food waste compsdting plant.
Laister, Guy. "Prediction, management and control of odour from landfill sites." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4874.
Full textThesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of Natal,Durban, 2002.
Guha, Tania. "Establishment of an Experimental System in India to Measure the Mixing Ratio and Stable Isotopic Composition of Air CO2 & Observations from Urban and Marine Environments." Thesis, 2013. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3368.
Full text