Academic literature on the topic 'Gaseous soil pollutants'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gaseous soil pollutants"
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Al-Maliki, S. J. B., K. Jaafar, and B. I. Wahab. "The control of Industrial emission via the subsoil green filters." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1182, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1182/1/012003.
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Abstract The vast consumption of fossil fuel as an energy source for the various industrial, commercial and municipal activities, has led to the production of huge air pollutants, in a manner that needs more modern and effective efforts and technologies to prevent their hazardous consequences. This project aims to the use of the subsoil of nearby grounds as a natural filter to distribute these pollutants based on the soil`s high porosity and their ability to handle huge amounts of the gaseous effluents of the artificial projects. Soil properties such as the mechanical properties, porosity and ground water content were tested for different depths for two types of soils, in order to assess their readiness for the tentative use as a gaseous filter and to avoid the possible negative effects for the injection of gaseous pollutants on their biologic systems. An experimental system was made using a 5 KVA power generator, the gaseous emissions of which would be distributed through the subsoil via a buried pipe. The project also, included the precautions for the possible machine backpressure that may damage it. The wet clay type of soil has shown remarkable better performance than the dry sand type.
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Kumar Soni, Rajenda, Santosh Kumar Sar, and Shweta Singh. "APPLICATION OF BIOADSORBENT IN CONTROL OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 2, no. 1 (March 21, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2017.v2i1.54.
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A material that has the ability to extract certain substances from gases, liquids, or solids by causing them to adhere to its surface without changing the physical properties of the adsorbent. Rapid urbanization, population growth, industrial expansion and waste generation from domestic and industrial sources have rendered waste which are hazardous to man and other living resources. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and supply us with oxygen in the process of photosynthesis. At the same time, they reduce pollutants in water and soil. They also remove significant amounts of gaseous pollutants and particles from the air. The microscopic plants in soil also reduce air pollutants and degrade many toxic chemicals that enter the soil.
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Baciak, Michał, Kazimierz Warmiński, and Agnieszka Bęś. "The effect of selected gaseous air pollutants on woody plants." Forest Research Papers 76, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2015-0039.
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Abstract The article discusses gaseous air pollutants that have the greatest impact on forest ecosystems. This group of pollutants ncludes sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxides (NO and NO2) and ozone (O3). In the 20th century, the major contributor to forest degradation was sulfur dioxide, a gaseous substance with direct and powerful phytotoxic and acidifying effects. Since then, sulfur dioxide emissions have been significantly reduced in Europe and North America, but they continue to grow in East Asia along with China’s economic boom. Nitric oxides affect woody plants directly by entering through the stomata and indirectly through soil acidification and environmental eutrophication. Ozone, in turn, is found in photochemical smog and is produced by conversion of its precursors (nitric oxides, organic compounds and carbon monoxide). It is a strong oxidizing agent which disrupts various physiological processes, mostly photosynthesis and water use in plants, but is also the air pollutant that exerts the most toxic effect on forest ecosystems.
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Abdelouhab, Malya, Bernard Collignan, and Francis Allard. "Experimental study on passive Soil Depressurisation System to prevent soil gaseous pollutants into building." Building and Environment 45, no. 11 (November 2010): 2400–2406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.05.001.
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Czerwińska, Justyna, and Grzegorz Wielgosiński. "Changes in the pollution of Lodz voivodship rainwater as a result of changes in pollutant immissions." Acta Innovations, no. 30 (January 1, 2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.30.4.
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Increasing urbanization rates, particularly in cities, cause an increase in pollutant emissions into the environment. Immission of pollutants is the amount of particulate or gaseous pollutants that is received by the environment. Natural precipitation, i.e. rainwater, is polluted during the contact with air. As a result of atmospheric precipitation groundwater and soil become polluted. The pollutants also penetrate surface water, causing further contamination. In rainwater that goes to the sewage system, there are pollutants such as hydrocarbons, heavy metals, slurries, plant protection products and many more. This is largely dependent on the type of management of the catchment, its sanitary condition, and the time and intensity of precipitation. Another important factor is the composition of pollutants emitted into the atmospheric air in each area. The work shows changes in the pollution of rainwater in Lodz Voivodship in the years 2010-2016 and presents analysis of the data collected by the Regional Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. The analysis shows that the state of rainwater is steadily deteriorating which is directly related to air quality.
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Wu, Hai Long, Sheng Yong Lu, Xiao Dong Li, and Jian Hua Yan. "Removal of Pollutants from High Polychlorinated Biphenyl Level Contaminated Soil at Different Thermal Treated Time." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 1034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1034.
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High contaminated level of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) in soil could not be easily removed by routine method. Since thermal treatment technology becomes a promising method especially for removal of volatile organic compounds, it has not yet been widespread in China for some technical and economic reasons. Experiments were conducted in a horizontal quartz tube furnace with nitrogen as the unique carrier gas, and heating temperature was set at 500oC with retention time of flue gas desorbed from soil was about 1 min. It has been found that total removal efficiency of PCBs from soil increased with the heating time was prolonged. Thermal treated time of 60 min seems suitable for the removal of PCBs, with the removal efficiency of 95.8% in solid phase. It has also been concluded that the removal mechanism of PCBs from soil endures dechlorination and destruction reactions with anticipation of catalytic metals. Normal gaseous pollutants desorbed from soil were also studied, H2O evaporation was favored with at the beginning of thermal process; after H2O evaporation, the organic matters began to decompose; when the thermal treated time was longer than 20 min, the desorption of the normal gaseous pollutants were almost finished (except for NH3).
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Schulze, E. D., and P. H. Freer-Smith. "An evaluation of forest decline based on field observations focussed on Norway spruce, Picea abies." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 97 (1990): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000005339.
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SynopsisForest decline in Europe is centred around areas where air pollution is heaviest. Although statistical relations are still debatable at the stand level, they are a basis for the discussion of mechanisms by which air pollutants affect forest health. The aetiologies of different syndromes of decline are discussed. Exposure to large concentrations of gaseous pollutants appears to have short-term rather than long-lasting effects, whereas pathogens seem to be of only secondary importance. The deposition of sulphur and nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium) pollutants has significantly modified soil chemistry and plant nutrition. In acidic low-pH soils spruce roots, instead of utilising nitrate, preferentially take up ammonium which interferes with the uptake of other cations, notably magnesium. The nitrate remaining in soil solution, as a result of the preferential uptake of ammonium, is leached together with sulphate to groundwater, accelerating soil acidification and further decreasing the calcium and/or magnesium to aluminium ratios in soil solution. Soil solution chemistry affects root development, and thus water and nutrient uptake. Canopy uptake of nitrogen, especially of ammonium, which is additional to root uptake, may occur and appears to stimulate growth inciting a nitrogen to cation imbalance with the consequential production of decline symptoms.
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Marszałek, Marta, Zygmunt Kowalski, and Agnieszka Makara. "Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Odorants from Pig Slurry - Effect on the Environment and Methods of its Reduction." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2018-0026.
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Abstract Pig slurry is classified as a natural liquid fertilizer, which is a heterogeneous mixture of urine, faeces, remnants of feed and technological water, used to remove excrement and maintain the hygiene of livestock housing. The storage and distribution of pig slurry on farmland affect the environment as they are associated with, among others, the emission of various types of gaseous pollutants, mainly CH4, CO2, N2O, NH3, H2S, and other odorants. Methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are greenhouse gases (GHGs) which contribute to climate change by increasing the greenhouse effect. Ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are malodorous gases responsible for the occurrence of odour nuisance which, due to their toxicity, may endanger the health and lives of humans and animals. NH3 also influences the increase of atmosphere and soil acidification. The article presents the environmental impact of greenhouse gases and odorous compounds emitted from pig slurry. Key gaseous atmospheric pollutants such as NH3, H2S, CH4, CO2 and N2O have been characterized. Furthermore, methods to reduce the emission of odours and GHGs from pig slurry during its storage and agricultural usage have been discussed.
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Thomas, W. "Accumulation of Airborne Trace Pollutants by Arctic Plants and Soil." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0015.
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Plant and soil samples from 4 locations in Spitsbergen (Norway) were analysed for major ions, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and chlorinated pesticides. The results indicate that trace amounts of these substance groups result from a number of different sources, namely from subsoil material, local emissions and long range atmospheric transport. A comparison of inorganic and organic micropollutant concentrations allows a distinction between trace substance uptake from soil or air. The correlation of plant and air concentrations makes it obvious that elevated accumulation rates of heavy metals in plants result from low level transport of particles. PAH are very effectively retained by species with large surface areas and represent particle concentrations in the air. Benzohexachloride in plants results from precipitation water rather than from direct uptake of gaseous traces.
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Huang, P., S. L. Gong, T. L. Zhao, L. Neary, and L. A. Barrie. "GEM/POPs: a global 3-D dynamic model for semi-volatile persistent organic pollutants – Part 2: Global transports and budgets of PCBs." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 15 (August 1, 2007): 4015–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4015-2007.
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Abstract. Global transports and budgets of three PCBs were investigated with a 3-D dynamic model for semi-volatile persistent organic pollutants – GEM/POPs. Dominant pathways were identified for PCB transports in the atmosphere with a transport flux peaking below 8 km for gaseous and 14 km for particulate PCB28, and peaking below 4 km for gaseous and 6 km for particulate PCB180. The inter-continental transports of PCBs in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) are dominated in the zonal direction with their route changes regulated seasonally by the variation of westerly jet. The transport pathways from Europe and North Atlantic contributed the most PCBs to the Arctic. Inter-hemispheric transports of PCBs originated from the regions of Europe, Asia and North America in three different flow-paths, accompanying with easterly jet, Asian monsoon winds and trade winds. PCBs from the Southern Hemisphere (SH) could also be exported into the NH. According to the PCB emissions of year 2000, Europe, North America and Asia are the three largest sources of the three PCBs, contributing to the global background concentrations in the atmosphere, soil and water. Globally, PCB28 in soil and water has become a comparable source to the anthropogenic emissions while heavier PCBs such as PCB153 and 180 are still transporting into soil and water. For all three congeners, particulate PCBs are concentrated in the higher levels than gaseous PCBs. More than half of the particulate PCB28 could reach up to the stratosphere, while most of the heavier counter-parts (PCB153 and PCB180) are stored in the troposphere including boundary layer with more than 99% gaseous PCB180 below 6 km.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gaseous soil pollutants"
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Abdelouhab, Malya. "Contribution à l’étude du transfert des polluants gazeux entre le sol et les environnements intérieurs des bâtiments." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROS329/document.
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Les outils d’évaluation des risques liés au transfert des polluants gazeux du sol vers les environnements intérieurs comportent de fortes incertitudes quant à la connaissance de certains paramètres et notamment ceux relatifs à l’interface sol-bâtiment : prise en compte des différentes typologies de soubassement, niveau de perméabilité des planchers bas. Ces incertitudes conduisent à une mauvaise estimation de l’impact de ces polluants gazeux sur la qualité d’air intérieur.Afin de contribuer à l’amélioration des modèles d’évaluation pour la gestion des risques vis-à-vis des pollutions gazeuses venant du sol, cette thèse présente dans une première partie, une méthodologie de développement de modèles analytiques adaptés à la prise en compte de différents soubassements, afin de mieux appréhender le transfert de polluants gazeux entre le sol et le bâtiment. Ces modèles ont été développés sur la base d’une analogie avec le transfert des flux de chaleur entre le sol et le bâtiment. Ils traitent, tout particulièrement, des transferts d’air convectifs au niveau de l’interface sol-bâtiment pour différentes typologies de soubassement. Parla suite, les modèles analytiques développés ont été intégrés dans un modèle aéraulique des bâtiments afin d’étudier l’impact des différentes typologies de soubassement sur l’entrée de polluants du sol et donc sur la qualité d’air intérieur résultante.En parallèle, des travaux expérimentaux ont été entrepris afin de compléter la connaissance actuelle relative à la perméabilité à l’air des bétons fissurés, pour laquelle un manque de données a été constaté. D’autre part, les débits d’air convectifs allant du sol vers le bâtiment ont également été quantifiés de façon expérimentale à l’aide de la maison expérimentale ‘MARIA’ dont dispose le CSTB. Ce type de quantification constitue une première base de données expérimentale.Enfin, une dernière partie de cette thèse traite de la réalisation d’un suivi expérimental annuel des performances d’un Système de Dépressurisation des Sols naturels, dans le but d’optimiser à terme les solutions de protection des bâtiments vis-à-vis des polluants gazeux du solRisk assessment tools related to transfers of gaseous pollutant from soil to indoor environments present large uncertainties relative to the knowledge of certain parameters, particularly those relating to the soil-building interface: considering the different basement typology, permeability level of floor. These uncertainties lead to an inaccurate evaluation of the impact of gaseous pollutants on indoor air quality.In order to contribute to the improvement of risk assessment models of gaseous pollutants from the soil, thiswork present in a fist part the development of analytical and numerical models. These models have been adapted to consider the different basement, in order to estimate the transfer of gaseous pollutants from the soil to the building. An analogy with heat transfer phenomena between soil and building is used to develop these models.They predict convective airflow transfers between soils and building, for different soil-building interface.There after, the analytical model has been incorporated into an airflow model. This model enables us to study the impact of different types of basement on the entry of pollutants from soil and the indoor air quality.Besides, experimental works have been made to complete the knowledge of concrete air permeability, because of a lack of data. Furthermore, the convective airflows from soil to building have been quantified experimentally.These airflows have been determined in the experimental house ‘MARIA’ installed in the CSTB. Suchquantification constitutes the first experimental database.Finally, the last part of this work shows a one-year follow-up study about the ability of natural SoilDepressurisation System. This study has been carried out to optimize the solutions of buildings protection from the soil gaseous pollutants
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Rios, Mora Juan Sebastian. "Optimisation de la gestion de l’impact des polluants gazeux du sol sur la qualité de l’air intérieur." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS035.
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Les sites pollués (sol ou eaux souterraines) représentent un potentiel de risque pour la santé humaine et l’environnement. Il existe des outils d’aide à la gestion, en complément des mesures in-situ, qui permettent d’estimer rapidement et à moindre coût les risques sanitaires associés à l’exposition des polluants gazeux du sol dans les espaces intérieurs afin d’établir des mesures de prévention et/ou correction. Cependant, et malgré leur intérêt, il a été montré dans la littérature qu’il existe des différences importantes entre les concentrations intérieures mesurées et les estimations des outils existants. Ces incertitudes reposent principalement sur trois aspects : une mauvaise caractérisation du site, une modélisation incomplète des voies et mécanismes de transfert, ou bien du fait de négliger l’influence de certains paramètres sur le transfert. Par exemple, le fait de négliger la latéralité de la source reste une explication plausible des limites des modèles classiques de transfert. Les auteurs conviennent que la migration latérale joue un rôle important sur l’atténuation de la concentration intérieure en polluant, contrairement aux scénarios de source homogène ou continue, où les vapeurs migrent uniquement de manière verticale vers le bâtiment. Ainsi, lorsque la source est latéralement décalée vis-à-vis du bâtiment, les vapeurs vont migrer préférentiellement vers l’atmosphère et moins vers le bâtiment générant une atténuation plus importante de la concentration intérieure. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif principal de ces travaux de thèse est la contribution à l’amélioration des outils d’aide à la gestion afin d’élargir leur plage d’application. Pour ce faire, des nouveaux modèles ont été développés permettant de tenir compte de la latéralité de la source dans l’estimation de la concentration intérieure en polluant. Le développement de ces modèles est réalisé à partir de l’expérimentation numérique et l’analyse adimensionnelle sur la base des outils existants (modèles semi-empiriques construits en considérant une source continue). La combinaison de ces deux approches permet d’une part, de garder la capacité des modèles source continue de tenir compte des propriétés physiques du sol (perméabilité, coefficient de diffusion, …) et des caractéristiques du bâtiment (typologie de soubassement, dépression, volume, …), et d’une autre part, de mieux préciser la position de la source dans le sol en considérant l’influence de sa latéralité dans les estimations. Ces nouveaux modèles ont été issus d’une analyse comparative permettant de vérifier la cohérence et la précision des estimations vis-à-vis d’un modèle numérique (CFD), de données expérimentales et de modèles existants dans la littérature. Finalement, ces expressions ont été intégrées dans un code de ventilation (MATHIS-QAI) permettant de mieux préciser les caractéristiques des environnements intérieurs (système de ventilation, perméabilité à l’air de l’enveloppe, volume du bâtiment, …) et de réaliser des estimations des niveaux de concentration en fonction des variations temporelles (vitesse du vent, température extérieure, …) au cours du temps. À partir d’une étude paramétrique il a été montré que malgré l’impact non-négligeable des caractéristiques du bâtiment, l’influence de la latéralité de la source sur l’atténuation de la concentration intérieure en polluant reste prédominante (atténuation de plusieurs ordres de grandeur quand la source est décalée latéralement du bâtiment en comparaison à une source continue). Cependant, préciser les caractéristiques du bâtiment (soubassement, système de ventilation, perméabilité à l’air de l’enveloppe,…), ainsi que les conditions météorologiques uniques de chaque projet de construction, permet d’augmenter la précision des estimations en évitant la mise en œuvre de solutions extrêmes ou bien encore, de mesures inadaptéesPolluted sites and most precisely vapor intrusion represents a potential risk for human health and its environment. Various screening-level and analytical models have been proposed in order to evaluate vapor intrusion and provide assessment tools for exposure risk. However, some in situ investigations show significant differences between predicted and measured indoor concentrations leading eventually to misleading conclusions and inappropriate solution implementations. These uncertainties are mainly associated with a poor characterization of the site, an incomplete modeling of transfer pathways and mechanisms, or by neglecting certain influencing parameters on this transfer. For example, ignoring the lateral source/building separation may serve as possible explanation of the uncertainties presented by the conventional models based on a homogeneous source distribution assumption. The authors agree that lateral migration plays an important role in the attenuation of the indoor concentration. In homogeneous or continuous source scenarios vapors may migrate mainly vertically towards the building. However, lateral source may promote lateral migration to the atmosphere and less into the building generating a greater attenuation of the indoor concentration. In this context, the main objective of this thesis work is to contribute to the improvement of the assessment and management risk tools in order to improve the accuracy of their estimations and increase their range of application. To do this, new vapor intrusion models are developed considering the lateral source/building separation. These models are built on a numerical experimentation and dimensionless analysis based on existing models (semi-empirical models considering a homogeneous source distribution). The combination of these two approaches allows, on the one hand, to maintain the aptitude of the existing models to consider the physical properties of the soil (permeability, diffusion coefficient, …) and the characteristics of the building (type of construction, building depression, volume,…), and on the other hand, to better precise the position of the source in the soil taking into account the influence of the lateral source/building separation in the estimations. From a comparative analysis, the accuracy of these new expressions is verified comparing to the proposed numerical model (CFD), experimental data and existing models in the literature. Finally, the proposed expressions were coupled with a ventilation code (MATHIS-QAI) allowing to better specify indoor characteristics (ventilation system, air permeability of the envelope, volume of the building, …) and estimate indoor air concentration levels as a function of environmental variations (wind speed, outside temperature, …) over time. From a parametric study it was shown that despite the significant impact of the characteristics of the building, the influence of the lateral source/building separation remains predominant on the attenuation of the indoor concentration (attenuation of several orders of magnitude when the source is laterally offset of the building compared to a homogeneous source). However, specifying the characteristics of the building (construction type, ventilation system, air permeability, …) and weather conditions may increase the accuracy of the estimation avoiding the implementation of extreme solutions or insufficient actions
Book chapters on the topic "Gaseous soil pollutants"
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Boeckx, Pascal, A. Vermoesen, and O. Van Cleemput. "Emission of Gaseous Hydrocarbons and NH3 out of Soils." In Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Pollutants and Trace Substances, 405–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03394-4_33.
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Zeeshan, Nukshab, Nabila, Ghulam Murtaza, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Khurram Naveed, and Muhammad Usman Farid. "Atmospheric Pollution Interventions in the Environment: Effects on Biotic and Abiotic Factors, Their Monitoring and Control." In Agrometeorology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94116.
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Atmosphere is polluted for all living, non-living entities. Concentrations of atmospheric pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, CO, CO2, NO, NO2, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) are increasing abruptly due to anthropogenic activities (fossil fuels combustion, industrial activities, and power generation etc.). These pollutants are causing soil (microbial diversity disturbance, soil structure), plants (germination, growth, and biochemistry), and human health (asthma, liver, and lungs disorders to cancers) interventions. All the effects of these pollutants on soil, plants, animals, and microbes needed to be discussed briefly. Different strategies and technologies (HOPES, IOT, TEMPO and TNGAPMS) are used in the world to reduce the pollutant emission at source or when in the atmosphere and also discussed here. All gaseous emissions control mechanisms for major exhaust gases from toxic to less toxic form or environmental friendly form are major concern. Heavy metals present in dust and volatile organic compounds are converted into less toxic forms and their techniques are discussed briefly.
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Abukari, Ammal, Ziblim Abukari Imoro, Abubakari Zarouk Imoro, and Abudu Ballu Duwiejuah. "Sustainable Use of Biochar in Environmental Management." In Environmental Health [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96510.
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Conversion of agricultural wastes into eco-friendly and low cost biochar is not only a smart recycling strategy but a panacea to environmental pollution management. Agricultural wastes biochar can be an effective alternative technique for controlling contaminants due to its low cost, high-efficiency, simple to use, ecological sustainability and reliability in terms of public safety. Biochars have made substantial breakthroughs in reducing greenhouse gases emissions, reducing soil nutrient leaching, sequester atmospheric carbon into the soil, increasing agricultural productivity, and reducing bioavailability of environmental contaminants. Recent advances in the understanding of biochars warrant a proper scientific evaluation of the relationship between its properties and impact on soil properties, environmental pollutant remediation, plant growth, yield, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The main factors controlling biochar properties include the nature of feedstock, heat transfer rate, residence time and pyrolysis temperature. Biochar efficacy in pollutants management largely depends on its elemental composition, ion-exchange capacity, pore size distribution and surface area, which vary with the nature of feedstock, preparation conditions and procedures. The chapter explored the possibility of using biochar from agricultural wastes as a suitable alternative for the remediation of environmental pollutants, soil conditioning and the long-term biochar application in the environment.
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Verma, Anita. "Bioremediation Techniques for Soil Pollution: An Introduction." In Biodegradation [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99028.
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Environmental pollution has been on the rise in the past few decades owing to increased human activities on energy reservoirs, unsafe agricultural practices and rapid industrialization. Soil pollution is one of the major worry among all because soil contamination can harm the humans by consumption of food grown in polluted soil or it can cause infertility to soil and lower the productivity, Among the pollutants that are of environmental and public health concerns due to their toxicities are: heavy metals, nuclear wastes, pesticides, greenhouse gases, and hydrocarbons. So this chapter will include; Sources of soil pollution and remediation of polluted sites using biological means has proven effective and reliable due to its eco-friendly features. Bio-remediation can either be carried out ex situ or in situ, depending on several factors, which include site characteristics, type and concentration of pollutants. It also seen as a solution for emerging contaminant problems.
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Ayub, Muhammad Ashar, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Wajid Umar, Muhammad Nadeem, Zahoor Ahmad, Hina Fatima, Irfan Iftikhar, and Muhammad Zohaib Anjum. "Role of Urban Vegetation." In Examining International Land Use Policies, Changes, and Conflicts, 231–51. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4372-6.ch012.
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Increasing world population is the main reason behind rapid urbanization which is coupled with environmental pollutions (i.e., air, water, soil, noise, and atmospheric pollution). Urbanization is responsible for deteriorating living standards and quality of life for humans in major metropolitan cities around the world. The urban ecosystem leaves a major impact on world renewable resources and carbon footprint. Urban vegetation and forests can help in net balancing and buffering of immense pollutant surge intro urban ecosystems being done due to urbanization. Extensive urbanization is responsible for more and more wastewater and gaseous pollutant release in the environment which urban forests can help tackle effectively. Moreover, city vegetation also plays a critical role in decreasing city surface temperatures thus helping shrinkage of the urban heat island. The present draft presents the role of urban vegetation in effective management and buffering of urban microclimate.
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Hameed, Mehvish, Rouf Ahmad Bhat, Dig Vijay Singh, and Mohammad Aneesul Mehmood. "White Pollution." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 52–81. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0031-6.ch004.
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Plastic derived from the petrochemical industry with a high molecular weight constitutes about 9-13% of total solid waste. Since the industrial revolution, the use of plastic has increased manifold without improving its adequate management as a waste. Most of the plastic waste produced in the world is mainly from packaging industry followed by building and construction. Plastic is a non-degradable deadly pollutant to degrade environmental quality and are known to remain in water and soil for years without making any change in their structure. Due to enormous generation, open burning of plastic is also preferred due to the lack of resource in the developing countries thus releasing toxic gases thereby causing air pollution. Plastic disturbs the balance of the environment by acting as physical barrier leading to the drainage of the drains, degrading soil properties, and are often ingested by the organisms ultimately leading to their death. Thus, it becomes more important to manage the plastic pollution keeping in view its detrimental impacts on the environment.
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Shachi and Anuradha Garg. "Flow and movement of gaseous pollutants in the subsurface: CO2 dynamics at a carbon capture and storage site." In Advances in Remediation Techniques for Polluted Soils and Groundwater, 1–20. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-823830-1.00008-0.
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Calvert, Jack G., John J. Orlando, William R. Stockwell, and Timothy J. Wallington. "The Impact of Inorganic Trace Gases on Ozone in the Atmosphere." In The Mechanisms of Reactions Influencing Atmospheric Ozone. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190233020.003.0010.
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A major focus of the previous six chapters has been on the chemistry and interactions of the HOx, NOx, and volatile organic compound (VOC) families. Details of the reactions of O3 NO3, and HO that act to initiate VOC oxidation have been presented, as has the ensuing chemistry involving organic peroxy and alkoxy radicals and their interactions with NOx. In this chapter, we complete our discussion of thermal chemical reactions that impact tropospheric ozone. The chapter begins with a discussion of the budgets of two simple (inorganic) carbon-containing species not yet discussed, carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Although CO2 is not directly involved in ozone-related tropospheric chemistry, it is of course the species most critical to discussions of global climate change, and thus a very brief overview of its concentrations, sources, and sinks is presented. CO is a ubiquitous global pollutant, and its reaction with HO is an essential part of the tropospheric background chemistry. This is followed by a presentation of the tropospheric chemistry of halogen species, beginning with a discussion of inorganic halogen cycles that impact (in particular) the ozone chemistry of the marine boundary layer (MBL) and concluding with a detailed presentation of the reactions of Cl atoms and Br atoms with VOC species. The chapter concludes with an overview of tropospheric sulfur chemistry. The reactions leading to the oxidation of inorganic (SO2 and SO3) as well as organic sulfur compounds (e.g., DMS, CH3SCH3) are detailed, and a brief discussion of the effects of the oxidation of sulfur species on aerosol production in the troposphere and stratosphere is also given. The abundance of CO2 in the atmosphere has obviously received a great deal of attention in recent decades due to the influence of this gas on Earth’s climate system. Indeed, changes in the atmospheric CO2 concentration represent the single largest contributor to changes in radiative forcing since preindustrial times (c. 1750). The atmospheric burden of CO2 is controlled by the processes that make up the global carbon cycle—the exchanges of carbon (mostly in the form of CO2) between various “reservoirs,” including the atmosphere, land (vegetation and soil), the surface ocean, the intermediate and deep ocean, sediment on the ocean floor, and the fossil fuel reservoir (IPCC, 2007).
Conference papers on the topic "Gaseous soil pollutants"
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Abdo, Peter, B. P. Huynh, and Vahik Avakian. "Distribution of Air Flow Through a Green Wall Module." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69134.
Full textAbstract:
Green or living walls are active bio-filters developed to enhance air quality. Often, these walls form the base from which plants are grown; and the plant-wall system helps to remove both gaseous and particulate air pollutants. A green wall can be found indoors as well as outdoors, and could be assembled from modules in an arrangement similar to tiling. The module is a rectangular plastic box (dimensions about 500 mm × 500 mm × 130 mm) that holds a permeable bag containing a plant-growing medium (replacement for soil). The front face of the module has multiple openings for plants to protrude out from the bag inside. Plant roots are imbedded in the medium. A fan positioned at a central opening on the module’s back face drives air through the medium-plant-roots mix and then onward through the plants′ canopy; and these would help remove both gaseous and particulate pollutants from the air. Volatile Organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matters PMs are both reduced by passing through the plant-growing medium, thus reducing the percentage of air flow that passes through the open top face of the module is essential to maximize the capacity of bio-filtration. Drip-irrigation water is dispensed from a tube running along the open top-face of the module. The module has also a small drainage hole on its bottom face. Pressure drop across the module as well as air-flow rate through it have been obtained in a previous work [1], air-flow distribution through the module and the effect of introducing a cover to the module’s open top face are investigated in this work to improve the design of the module and achieve more appropriate flow rate and flow distribution. The top cover essentially includes small holes of 10 mm diameter to allow the necessary irrigation. The measurements help to determine the pattern of flow resistances which in turn will be used in a future CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis.
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Jadhav, R. S., R. S. Amano, J. Jatkar, and R. J. Lind. "Simulation Study of Heated Soil Vapor." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47054.
Full textAbstract:
Soil remediation using Heated Soil Vapor Extraction System has gained a significant attention in recent years. The process, developed by Advanced Remedial Technology**, comprises of a heat well (heat source) and an extraction well (sink). These wells are pipes, which are implanted in the soil. Heating is accomplished by circulating hot oil through the heat exchange units in heat well. The extraction well has a blower, which sucks the air, and other volatile gases that are evaporated due to heating. An analysis aimed at improving the predictability of the process using numerical tools has been carried out. The key parameters in the process can be identified as the distance between the wells, the temperature that has to be maintained in the heat well and the time required vaporizing the gases and taking them off the soil. These parameters are strongly dependent on the properties of the soil and properties of the chemical pollutants present in the soil. An attempt has been made to model the real process of heating the soil and vaporizing of chemicals in the soil. Such comprehensive analysis will be very much helpful in predicting the different parameters as discussed above and result in increase in effectiveness and efficiency of the process.
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Amano, Ryo S., Jose Martinez Lucci, Krishna S. Guntur, M. Mahmun Hossain, M. Monzur Morshed, Matthew E. Dudley, and Franklin Laib. "Experimental Study of Treating Volatile Organic Compounds." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34579.
Full textAbstract:
Heated Soil Vapor Extraction (HSVE) is a technology that has been used successfully to clean up subsurface soils at sites containing chlorinated solvents and petroleum hydrocarbons. The costs have been extremely high due to the large amount of energy required to volatilize high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds present in the soil matrix. One remediation contractor states that hydrocarbons are oxidized in situ by achieving temperatures in the >1000 F range near the heaters [1]. A critical question is whether the volatile portion of manufactured gas plant (MGP) hydrocarbons (VOCs) can be stripped out at lower temperatures such that the remaining contaminants will be unavailable for transport or subsequent dissolution into the groundwater. Soil remediation by heated soil vapor extraction system is a relatively new technology developed by Jay Jatkar Inc. (JJI) along with the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee [2]. The areas around chemical companies or waste disposal sites have been seriously contaminated from the chemicals and other polluting materials that are disposed off. The process developed by JJI, consists of a heater/boiler that pump and circulates hot oil through a pipeline that is enclosed in a larger-diameter pipe. This extraction pipe is vertically installed within the contaminated soil up to a certain depth and is welded at the bottom and capped at the top. The number of heat source pipes and the extraction wells depends on the type of soil, the type of pollutants, moisture content of the soil and the size of the area to be cleaned. The heat source heats the soil, which is transported in the interior part of the soil by means of conduction and convection. This heating of soil results in vaporization of the gases, which are then driven out of the soil by the extraction well. The extraction well consists of the blower which would suck the vaporized gases out of the system. Our previous studies had removed higher boiling compounds, such as naphthalene, etc., to a non-detectable level. Thus, the current technology is very promising for removing most of the chemical compounds; and can also remove these boiling compounds from the saturated zone. Gas chromatography (GC) is utilized in monitoring the relative concentration changes over the extraction period. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) assists in the identification and separation of extracted components. The experimental research is currently being conducted at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The objectives of this study are to identify contaminants and time required to remove them through HSVE treatment and provide data for computation fluid dynamics CFD analysis.
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Amano, Ryo S., Jose Martinez Lucci, and Krishna S. Guntur. "Experimental and Computational Study of Vaporization of Volatile Organic Compounds." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41086.
Full textAbstract:
Heated Soil Vapor Extraction (HSVE) is a technology that has been used successfully to clean up subsurface soils at sites containing chlorinated solvents and petroleum hydrocarbons. The costs have been extremely high due to the large amount of energy required to volatilize high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds present in the soil matrix. One remediation contractor states that hydrocarbons are oxidized in situ by achieving temperatures in the >1000 F range near the heaters [1]. A critical question is whether the volatile portion of manufactured gas plant (MGP) hydrocarbons (VOCs) can be stripped out at lower temperatures such that the remaining contaminants will be unavailable for transport or subsequent dissolution into the groundwater. Soil remediation by heated soil vapor extraction system is a relatively new technology developed at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee [2]. The areas around chemical companies or waste disposal sites have been seriously contaminated from the chemicals and other polluting materials that are disposed off. The process developed at UWM, consists of a heater/boiler that pump and circulates hot oil through a pipeline that is enclosed in a larger-diameter pipe. This extraction pipe is vertically installed within the contaminated soil up to a certain depth and is welded at the bottom and capped at the top. The number of heat source pipes and the extraction wells depends on the type of soil, the type of pollutants, moisture content of the soil and the size of the area to be cleaned. The heat source heats the soil, which is transported in the interior part of the soil by means of conduction and convection. This heating of soil results in vaporization of the gases, which are then driven out of the soil by the extraction well. The extraction well consists of the blower which would suck the vaporized gases out of the system. Our previous studies had removed higher boiling compounds such as naphthalene, etc., to non-detectable level. Thus, the current technology is very promising for removing most of the chemicals compounds; and can also remove these high boiling compounds from the saturated zone. Gas chromatography (GC) is utilized in monitoring the relative concentration changes over the extraction period. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) assists in the identification and separation of extracted components. The experimental research is currently being conducted at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The objectives of this study are to identify contaminants and time required to remove them through HSVE treatment and provide data for computation fluid dynamics CFD analysis.
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Roy, T., R. S. Amano, and J. Jatkar. "A Transient Simulation of Heated Soil Vapor Extraction System." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56425.
Full textAbstract:
Soil remediation process by heated soil vapor extraction system has drawn considerably attention for the last few years. The areas around chemical companies or waste disposal sites have been seriously contaminated from the chemicals and other polluting materials that are disposed off. Our present study is concentrated on modeling one transient Heated Soil Vapor Extraction System and predicting the time required for effective remediation. The process developed by Advanced Remedial Technology, consists of a heating source pipe and the extraction well embedded in the soil. The number of heat source pipes and the extraction wells depends on the type of soil, the type of pollutants, moisture content of the soil and the size of the area to be cleaned. The heat source heats the soil, which is transported in the interior part of the soil by means of conduction and convection. This heating of soil results in vaporization of the gases, which are then driven out of the soil by the extraction well. The extraction well consists of the blower which would suck the vaporized gases out of the system. A three-dimensional meshed geometry was developed using gambit. Different boundary conditions were used for heating and suction well and for other boundaries. Concentrations of different chemicals were collected from the actual site and this data was used as an initial condition. The analysis uses the species transport and discrete phase modeling to predict the time required to clean the soil under specific conditions. This analysis could be used for predicting the changes of chemical concentrations in the soil during the remediation process. This will give us more insight to the physical phenomena and serve as a numerical predictive tool for more efficient process.
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Roy, T., R. S. Amano, and J. Jatkar. "A Study of Soil Remediation by Vapor Extraction System and Air Sparging." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60289.
Full textAbstract:
Soil remediation by heated soil vapor extraction system and air sparging is a new technology developed by Advanced Remedial Technology, Inc. The areas around chemical companies or waste disposal sites have been seriously contaminated from the chemicals and other polluting materials that are disposed off. The process developed by Advanced Remedial Technology, consists of a heater/boiler that pump and circulates hot oil through a one-inch pipeline that is enclosed in a six-inch pipe. This six-inch pipe is vertically installed within the contaminated soil up to a certain depth and is welded at the bottom and capped at the top. Pea gravel or fine sand fills the six-inch pipe and thus acts as a heat transfer medium. The number of heat source pipes and the extraction wells depends on the type of soil, the type of pollutants, moisture content of the soil and the size of the area to be cleaned. The heat source heats the soil, which is transported in the interior part of the soil by means of conduction and convection. This heating of soil results in vaporization of the gases, which are then driven out of the soil by the extraction well. The extraction well consists of the blower which would suck the vaporized gases out of the system. Soil vapor extraction cannot remove contaminants in the saturated zone of the soil that lies below the water table. In that case air sparging may be used. In air sparging system air is pumped into the saturated zone to help flush the contaminants up into the unsaturated zone where the contaminants is removed by SVE well. In our present study we concentrated on modeling one Heated Soil Vapor Extraction System with air sparging and predicting the behavior of different chemicals in the saturated and unsaturated zone of the soil. This analysis uses the species transport and discrete phase modeling to predict the behavior of different chemicals when it is heated and driven out by the sucking well.
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Mohan Das, P. M., R. S. Amano, T. Roy, and J. Jatkar. "Steady State Analysis of Heated Soil Vapor Extraction Process With Air Sparging." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72272.
Full textAbstract:
Heated Soil Vapor Extraction (HSVE), developed by Advanced Remedial Technology is a Soil remediation process that has gained significant attention during the past few years. HSVE along with Air sparging has been found to be an effective way of remediating soil of various pollutants including solvents, fuels and Para-nuclear aromatics. The combined system consists of a heater/boiler that pumps and circulates hot oil through heating wells, a blower that helps to suck the contaminants out through the extraction well, and air sparging wells that extend down to the saturated region in the soil. Both the heating wells and extraction wells are installed vertically in the saturated region in contaminated soil and is welded at the bottom and capped at the top. The heat source heats the soil and the heat is transported inside the soil by means of conduction and convection. This heating of soil results in vaporization of the gases, which are then absorbed by the extraction well. Soil vapor extraction cannot remove contaminants in the saturated zone of the soil that lies below the water table. In that case air sparging may be used. In air sparging system, air is pumped into the saturated zone to help flush the contaminants up into the unsaturated zone where the contaminants are removed by SVE well. In this analysis an attempt has been made to predict the behavior of different chemicals in the unsaturated and saturated regions of the soil. This analysis uses the species transport and discrete phase modeling to predict the behavior of different chemicals when it is heated and absorbed by the extraction well. Such an analysis will be helpful in predicting the parameters like the distance between the heating and extraction wells, the temperature to be maintained at the heating well and the time required for removing the contaminants from the soil.
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Das, P. M. Mohan, R. S. Amano, T. Roy, and J. Jatkar. "Transient Analysis of Heated Soil Vapor Extraction Process With Air Sparging." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80319.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the Heated Soil Vapor Extraction (HSVE) that has gained significant attention during the past few years. HSVE along with Air sparging has been found to be an effective way of remediating soil of various pollutants including solvents, fuels and Para-nuclear aromatics. The combined system consists of a heater/boiler that pumps and circulates hot oil through heating wells, a blower that helps to suck the contaminants out through the extraction well, and air sparging wells that extend down to the saturated region in the soil. Both the heating wells and extraction wells are installed vertically in the saturated region in contaminated soil and is welded at the bottom and capped at the top. With this technology the soil is heated by means of conduction and convection. This heating of soil results in vaporization of the gases, which are then absorbed by the extraction well. Soil vapor extraction cannot remove contaminants in the saturated zone of the soil that lies below the water table. In that case air sparging may be used. In air sparging system, air is pumped into the saturated zone to help flush the contaminants up into the unsaturated zone where the contaminants are removed by SVE well. In this analysis an attempt has been made to predict the behavior of different chemicals in the unsaturated and saturated regions of the soil. This analysis uses the species transport and discrete phase modeling to predict the behavior of different chemicals when it is heated and absorbed by the extraction well. Such an analysis will be helpful in predicting the parameters like the distance between the heating and extraction wells, the temperature to be maintained at the heating well and the time required for removing the contaminants from the soil.
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Belbeze, Stephane, and Matthieu Hallouin. "Set Up of an Environmental Monitoring System, Shchuchye, Russia Technical Assistance." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59042.
Full textAbstract:
An intergovernmental agreement on cooperation about chemical weapon destruction was signed between France and the Russian federation on 14th February 2006 in the context of a Global Partnership dedicated to preventing catastrophic terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. It came into effect on 25th April 2007 after ratification by both countries. The present demonstrated project was launched as part of this collaboration on the Shchuchye site (Russia – Kurgan Oblast). The project concerned the environmental surveillance system for the Shchuchye site required for the safe operation of the installation used to destroy chemical weapons. The aim was to implement equipments and methods of analysis for very low concentrations of pollutants in the three environmental compartments: air, water and soil. This has been achieved with the help of industry and other organizations in France (Environment/SA for supplies, INERIS and Antea Group) and Russia (ROST Association and EKROS Engineering). This system takes account of the normal operation of the installation as well as incident management. It includes 11 stationary atmospheric measuring stations constructed by Environment/SA and EKROS Engineering including ASTEK dedicated toxic gas detector: “Terminator FOV-1”, 3 mobile atmospheric measuring stations, 2 mobile soil & water measuring stations, 4 sampling cars constructed by Environment/SA and EKROS Engineering, a complete Chemical analysis laboratory which can handle ppb analysis of toxic gases, organics and minerals pollutants, an information collection center and a meteo station which can retrieve, display and archive all the datas or alarm from the stationary and mobile stations. Antea Group has provided a technical expertise and various negotiations during the negotiation phase, the project initiation files & contracts redaction, the project Monitoring and reporting to stakeholders, the REX. Up to 2009, No other site of the world uses such an innovative system. Antea Group worked on this project for 4 years. It successfully began operating in March 2009, before the start of destruction operations, after 15 months of work on the site.