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Journal articles on the topic "GAS5"
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Shain, Sydney A. "Exogenous Fibroblast Growth Factors Maintain Viability, Promote Proliferation, and Suppress GADD45α and GAS6 Transcript Content of Prostate Cancer Cells Genetically Modified to Lack Endogenous FGF-2." Molecular Cancer Research 2, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.653.2.11.
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Abstract Understanding processes regulating prostate cancer cell survival is critical to management of advanced disease. We used prostate cancer cell transfectants genetically modified to be deficient in either endogenous fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) or endogenous FGF-2 to examine FGF maintenance of transfectant survival and proliferation and FGF-2-regulated expression of transfectant growth arrest DNA damage (GADD) and growth arrest sequences (GAS) family genes (known modulators of cell cycle progression and survival) and the AS3 gene (an androgen-modulated effector of prostate cell proliferation). When propagated in the absence of exogenous FGFs, FGF-2-deficient transfectants undergo exponential death, whereas FGF-1-deficient transfectants proliferate. Exogenous FGF-1, FGF-2, FGF-7, or FGF-8 promote survival and proliferation of FGF-2-deficient transfectants and enhance FGF-1-deficient transfectant proliferation. Transfectants express FGF receptor FGFR1, FGFR2(IIIb), FGFR2(IIIc), and FGFR3 transcripts, findings consistent with the effects of exogenous FGFs. FGF-2-deficient transfectants express high levels of AS3, GADD45α, GADD45γ, GAS8, and GAS11 transcripts and moderate levels of GADD153, GAS2, GAS3, and GAS6 transcripts and lack demonstrable GAS1 or GAS5 transcripts. FGF withdrawal-mediated death of FGF-2-deficient transfectants did not significantly affect cell AS3, GADD153, GADD45γ, GAS2, GAS3, GAS7, GAS8, or GAS11 transcript content, whereas GADD45α and GAS6 transcript content was elevated. These studies establish that endogenous FGF-2 dominantly regulates prostate cancer cell survival and proliferation and that exogenous FGFs may assume this function in the absence of endogenous FGF-2. Additionally, we provide the first evidence that FGFs regulate prostate GADD45α and GAS6 transcript content. The latter observations suggest that GADD45α and GAS6 proteins may be effectors of processes that regulate prostate cancer cell survival. Additional studies are required to examine this possibility in detail.
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Ragni, Enrico, Alison Coluccio, Eleonora Rolli, José Manuel Rodriguez-Peña, Gaia Colasante, Javier Arroyo, Aaron M. Neiman, and Laura Popolo. "GAS2 and GAS4, a Pair of Developmentally Regulated Genes Required for Spore Wall Assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 2 (February 2007): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00321-06.
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ABSTRACT The GAS multigene family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is composed of five paralogs (GAS1 to GAS5). GAS1 is the only one of these genes that has been characterized to date. It encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein functioning as aβ (1,3)-glucan elongase and required for proper cell wall assembly during vegetative growth. In this study, we characterize the roles of the GAS2 and GAS4 genes. These genes are expressed exclusively during sporulation. Their mRNA levels showed a peak at 7 h from induction of sporulation and then decreased. Gas2 and Gas4 proteins were detected and reached maximum levels between 8 and 10 h from induction of sporulation, a time roughly coincident with spore wall assembly. The double null gas2 gas4 diploid mutant showed a severe reduction in the efficiency of sporulation, an increased permeability of the spores to exogenous substances, and production of inviable spores, whereas the single gas2 and gas4 null diploids were similar to the parental strain. An analysis of spore ultrastructure indicated that the loss of Gas2 and Gas4 proteins affected the proper attachment of the glucan to the chitosan layer, probably as a consequence of the lack of coherence of the glucan layer. The ectopic expression of GAS2 and GAS4 genes in a gas1 null mutant revealed that these proteins are redundant versions of Gas1p specialized to function in a compartment at a pH value close to neutral.
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FLEMING, V. John, M. Susan HAY, D. Nicholas HARRIES, and D. William REES. "Effects of nutrient deprivation and differentiation on the expression of growth-arrest genes (gas and gadd) in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells." Biochemical Journal 330, no. 1 (February 15, 1998): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3300573.
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The growth-arrest genes (gas and gadd) are widely expressed during mammalian embryogenesis and may be useful as markers of nutritional stress in the embryo. F9 embryonal carcinoma cells have been used to characterize the effect of serum or amino acid deficiency on growth-arrest gene expression in a differentiating embryonic cell. The differentiation markers, homeobox B2 (HoxB2), collagen type IV and laminin B2, were not induced by growth arrest. Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (RA) produced a dose-dependent increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, which was unchanged in lysine-deficient medium and reduced in low-serum medium. Low-serum medium also reduced HoxB2 expression. There was a transient 2-6-fold increase in mRNAs for C/EBP-β, gadd153/CHOP-10 and gas5 genes 24 h after transfer to amino-acid-deficient media. The mRNAs for the gas2 and gas6 genes began to rise slowly by 5-10-fold after a delay of approx. 24 h. The transient increases did not occur in low-serum medium where there was a much smaller and slower increase. Differentiation caused 1-2-fold increases in gas2, gas3 and gas6 mRNA levels. The transient overexpression of gas5, gadd153/CHOP-10 and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-β, and the later expression of gas6 mRNAs in response to amino acid deficiency, were not affected by differentiation. RA treatment increased the expression of gas3 and caused gas2 to be transiently overexpressed in amino-acid-deficient medium. Differentiation in serum-deficient medium did not significantly alter the levels of the growth-arrest gene mRNAs. These results show that in F9 cells the growth-arrest genes are expressed sequentially as a result of nutrient stress.
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Rolli, Eleonora, Enrico Ragni, María de Medina-Redondo, Javier Arroyo, Carlos R. Vázquez de Aldana, and Laura Popolo. "Expression, stability, and replacement of glucan-remodeling enzymes during developmental transitions inSaccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 9 (May 2011): 1585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-03-0268.
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Sporulation is a developmental variation of the yeast life cycle whereby four spores are produced within a diploid cell, with proliferation resuming after germination. The GAS family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glucan-remodeling enzymes exemplifies functional interplay between paralogous genes during the yeast life cycle. GAS1 and GAS5 are expressed in vegetative cells and repressed during sporulation while GAS2 and GAS4 exhibit a reciprocal pattern. GAS3 is weakly expressed in all the conditions and encodes an inactive protein. Although Gas1p functions in cell wall formation, we show that it persists during sporulation but is relocalized from the plasma membrane to the epiplasm in a process requiring End3p-mediated endocytosis and the Sps1 protein kinase of the p21-activated kinase family. Some Gas1p is also newly synthesized and localized to the spore membrane, but this fraction is dispensable for spore formation. By way of contrast, the Gas2–Gas4 proteins, which are essential for spore wall assembly, are rapidly degraded after spore formation. On germination, Gas1p is actively synthesized and concentrated in the growing part of the spore, which is essential for its elongation. Thus Gas1p is the primary glucan-remodeling enzyme required in vegetative growth and during reentry into the proliferative state. The dynamic interplay among Gas proteins is crucial to couple glucan remodeling with morphogenesis in developmental transitions.
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Wu, Wenming, and Dongming Liang. "Effect of Long-Chain Non-Coding RNA GAS5 on Osteogenic/Adipogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under Oxidative Stress Through Targeting MiR-365." Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2019.2206.
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Oxidative stress affects BMSCs. LncRNA GAS5 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, the effect of LncRNA GAS5 on osteogenesis/adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs under oxidative stress has not been reported. Rat BMSCs were cultured and randomly divided into 4 groups, normal control group; oxidative stress group; GAS5 siRNA group; GAS5 siRNA+ miR-365 inhibitor group followed by analysis of LncRNA GAS5 expression by Real time PCR, cell proliferation by MTT assay, Caspase3 activity, GAS5 and miR-365 targeting relationship by luciferase reporter assay, ALP activity, expression of Runx2, OP and PPAR 2 by Real time PCR, as well as ROS content and SOD activity. In oxidative stress group, GAS5 expression was significantly increased along with inhibited cell proliferation, increased Caspase3 activity, decreased ALP activity and the expression of Runx2 and OP, increased PPAR 2 expression and ROS content, and decreased SOD activity compared to control group (P < 0 05). miR-365 was the target miRNA of GAS5. GAS5 siRNA down-regulated GAS5 expression, significantly promoted cell proliferation, inhibited Caspase3 activity, increased ALP activity and Runx2 and OP expression, decreased PPAR 2 expression and ROS content, and increased SOD activity. (P < 0 05). However, GAS5 siRNA+ miR-365 inhibitor group reversed the effect of GAS5 siRNA. Oxidative stress promotes LncRNA GAS5 expression in BMSCs. LncRNA GAS5 regulates oxidative stress by targeting miR-365. Knockdown of GAS5 can promote BMSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogenic differentiation under oxidative stress.
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Wen, Qirong, Yan Liu, Huabing Lyu, Xiaying Xu, Qingxia Wu, Ni Liu, Qi Yin, Juan Li, and Xiujie Sheng. "Long Noncoding RNA GAS5, Which Acts as a Tumor Suppressor via microRNA 21, Regulates Cisplatin Resistance Expression in Cervical Cancer." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 27, no. 6 (July 2017): 1096–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000001028.
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ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to investigate the functions of GAS5 as a tumor suppressor in cervical cancer and explore the mechanism.MethodsThe expression of GAS5 and microRNA 21 (miR-21) was detected in primary cervical cancer tissue specimens, as well as in cervical cancer cell lines. We identified the interaction of GAS5 and miR-21 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter assay. We also studied the functions of GAS5 in proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in cervical cancer cells in vitro and vivo. Finally, the impact of GAS5 on cisplatin resistance and its mechanism in cervical cancer cells was also identified.ResultsThe expression of GAS5 and miR-21 was detected in primary cervical cancer tissue specimens, as well as in cervical cancer cell lines. GAS5, which is a tumor suppressor playing roles in inhibiting the malignancy of cervical cancer cells, including proliferation in vivo and vitro, migration, and invasion, has a low expression in cervical cancer tissue and cervical cancer cell lines, whereas miR-21 expression is high. GAS5 significantly decreased the expression of miR-21, and there is a reciprocal repression of gene expression between GAS5 and miR-21. Besides, most importantly, we found that high expression of GAS5 and low expression of miR-21 can enhance the sensitivity of SiHa/cDDP cancer cells to cisplatin. A further experiment for identifying the mechanism of cisplatin resistance by GAS5 showed that GAS5 can not only regulate phosphatase and tensin homolog through miR-21 but also influence the phosphorylation of Akt.ConclusionsOur results indicate that GAS5 is a direct target of miR-21 and can predict the clinical staging of cervical cancer. Most importantly, GAS5 can also influence cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer via regulating the phosphorylation of Akt. All of these suggest that GAS5 may be a novel therapeutic target for treating cervical cancer.
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Liu, Jianmin, Ming Chen, Longyang Ma, Xingbo Dang, and Gongliang Du. "LncRNA GAS5 Suppresses the Proliferation and Invasion of Osteosarcoma Cells via the miR-23a-3p/PTEN/PI3K/AKT Pathway." Cell Transplantation 29 (January 1, 2020): 096368972095309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689720953093.
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Accumulating evidence has shown that long noncoding RNA GAS5 is a well-known tumor suppressor in the pathogenesis of a variety of human cancers. However, the detailed role of GAS5 in osteosarcoma is still largely unclear. In this study, we found that GAS5 was downregulated in human osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines compared with matched adjacent tissues and normal osteoblast cells. Overexpression of GAS5 could significantly suppress the growth and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, while downregulation of GAS5 promoted cell proliferation and invasion. We confirmed that GAS5 could directly bind with miR-23a-3p by using luciferase reporter gene and RNA immunoprecipitation and pull-down assay. Downregulation of miR-23a-3p repressed cell proliferation and invasion. Overexpression of miR-23a-3p counterbalanced the inhibition effect of GAS5 on cell proliferation and invasion. Further studies indicated that overexpression of GAS5 inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). PTEN was authenticated as a target of miR-23a-3p. Upregulation of GAS5 or silence of miR-23a-3p increased the level of PTEN, while downregulation of GAS5 or overexpression of miR-23a-3p suppressed the expression of PTEN. In addition, overexpression of GAS5 could neutralize the effect of downregulating PTEN on osteosarcoma cell functions. We proved that GAS5 regulated the viability and invasion of osteosarcoma cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, overexpression of GAS5 could inhibit tumor growth in a xenograft nude mouse model in vivo. In summary, GAS5 functions as a competing endogenous RNA, sponging miR-23a-3p, to promote PTEN expression and suppress cell growth and invasion in osteosarcoma by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Qin, Xiaohua, Yanling Jiang, Xiaojun Zhang, and Dan Li. "lncRNA GAS5 Induces Cell Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Targeting Nrf2." Disease Markers 2022 (August 24, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5178122.
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Objective. This study is aimed at investigating the molecular mechanism of lncRNA GAS5-induced cell apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by targeting Nrf2. Methods. The RNA interfering technique was utilized to silence THP-1 in AML cell line, and lncRNA GAS5 expression in cell line was determined by real-time PCR. EdU experiment and flow cytometry were used to detect the apoptosis and proliferation ability of cells in different groups. PD-L1, STAT3, AKT, and MMP9 expressions were determined by Western blot. Results. The si-RNA significantly inhibited the expression of lncRNA GAS5 in THP-1 cells. Compared with the si-NC group, the difference in cell apoptosis between lncRNA GAS5 and Nrf2 groups was significant ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the lncRNA GAS5 group, the number of apoptotic cells in the lncRNA GAS5+Nrf2 group significantly reduced ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the si-NC group, the differences in the levels of four proteins between lncRNA GAS5 and Nrf2 groups were significant ( P < 0.05 ). In lncRNA GAS5+Nrf2 and lncRNA GAS5 groups, PD-L1 expression increased, while the expression of STAT3, AKT, and MMP9 decreased. Conclusion. In AML cells, lncRNA GAS5 with Nrf2 could regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of AML cells. lncRNA GAS5 inhibited Nrf2 expression, regulated cell apoptosis and proliferation, and further inhibited the progression of AML disease.
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Shen, Zheng, and Qiang She. "Association Between the Deletion Allele of Ins/Del Polymorphism (Rs145204276) in the Promoter Region of GAS5 with the Risk of Atherosclerosis." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 49, no. 4 (2018): 1431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493447.
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Background/Aims: LncRNA is a growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) with tumor suppressor activities in some cancers, but its role in atherosclerosis is unclear. Methods: Bioinformatics algorithm analysis was utilized to search the target of GAS5 and miR-21, followed by luciferase assay to confirm these targets. Real-time PCR and western-blot were utilized to verify the connection among GAS5, miR-21 and Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis were performed to explore the mechanism of GAS5 in the regulation of atherosclerosis. Results: GAS5 directly targets miR-21 and functions as a competing endogenous RNA to suppress miR-21 expression. We also observed that rs145204276 polymorphism, including INS/INS and DEL/DEL, on GAS5 promoter increased transcription activity of GAS5, but the presence of rs145204276 DEL/DEL allele significantly promoted the transcription of GAS5 promoter compared with rs145204276 INS/INS allele. PDCD4 was predicted as a direct target gene of miR-21 with a binding site on PDCD4 3’UTR. It was further confirmed by luciferase assay that miR-21 significantly reduced the luciferase activity of wild-type PDCD4 3’UTR but not that of mutant PDCD4 3’UTR. In addition, high glucose significantly inhibited the growth rate of EC genotyped as DEL/DEL or INS/ INS, and apparently promoted the apoptotic rate of either DEL/DEL or INS/INS genotype ECs. Furthermore, the effect of high glucose was stronger in the INS/INS group, while the expression of GAS5 was dramatically upregulated with the presence of GAS5 DEL/DEL, while GAS5 positively regulated PDCD4 expression via inhibiting miR-21 expression. GAS5 siRNA and miR-21 mimics significantly decreased GAS5 and PDCD4 expressions, and the inhibitory effects of GAS5 siRNA or miR-21 mimics on GAS5 and PDCD4 expressions in the INS/INS group was stronger. Moreover, GAS5 siRNA and miR-21 mimics remarkably triggered cells proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis, and the inhibition effects of GAS5 siRNA or miR-21 mimics on either cell viability and apoptosis in the INS/INS group was stronger. In this study, we enrolled 1,306 subjects with or without atherosclerosis and found that the INS/DEL or DEL/DEL genotypes significantly decreased the risk of atherosclerosis compared with the ins/ins genotype (adjusted odds ratio: 0.74 and 0.40, respectively). Conclusion: In summary, rs145204276 was associated with the risk of atherosclerosis by affecting the proliferation and apoptosis of endothelial cells via regulating the GAS5/miR-21/PDCD4 signaling pathway.
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Filippova, Elena A., Marina V. Fridman, Alexey M. Burdennyy, Vitaly I. Loginov, Irina V. Pronina, Svetlana S. Lukina, Alexey A. Dmitriev, and Eleonora A. Braga. "Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 in Breast Cancer: Epigenetic Mechanisms and Biological Functions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 6810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136810.
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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as contributors to the development and progression of cancer through various functions and mechanisms. LncRNA GAS5 is downregulated in multiple cancers and acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. GAS5 interacts with various proteins (e.g., E2F1, EZH2, and YAP), DNA (e.g., the insulin receptor promoter), and various microRNAs (miRNAs). In breast cancer, GAS5 binds with miR-21, miR-222, miR-221-3p, miR-196a-5p, and miR-378a-5p that indicates the presence of several elements for miRNA binding (MREs) in GAS5. Mediated by the listed miRNAs, GAS5 is involved in the upregulation of a number of mRNAs of suppressor proteins such as PTEN, PDCD4, DKK2, FOXO1, and SUFU. Furthermore, the aberrant promoter methylation is involved in the regulation of GAS5 gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer and some other carcinomas. GAS5 can stimulate apoptosis in breast cancer via diverse pathways, including cell death receptors and mitochondrial signaling pathways. GAS5 is also a key player in the regulation of some crucial signal pathways in breast cancer, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and NF-κB signaling. Through epigenetic and other mechanisms, GAS5 can increase sensitivity to multiple drugs and improve prognosis. GAS5 is thus a promising target in the treatment of breast cancer patients.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "GAS5"
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Manganelli, Michele. "Molecular characterization of GAS5, miR-126-3p and TERRA in human hepatocellular carcinoma." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Brescia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11379/544094.
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Rolli, E. "GAS1, GAS2, GAS3 and GAS4 : four developmentally regulated genes with specialized roles at different stages of the yeast life cycle." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/69558.
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The formation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall requires the coordinated activity of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and modification of its components, such as glucans.
The β-(1,3)-glucan synthase complexes, that have Fks proteins as putative catalytic subunits, use UDP-glucose as a substrate and catalyse the synthesis and vectorial extrusion of glucan chains into the outer space. Then, β-(1,3)-glucan chains are branched, elongated and remodelled in order to create a robust texture capable of counteracting the high internal pressure and determining cell morphology. β-(1,3)-glucan is the main component of the vegetative cell wall and one of the most abundant polymers of the spore wall. Several enzymes belonging to the family GH72 of glycosyl hydrolases have been identified in fungi. These enzymes are responsible of the lateral elongation of β-(1,3)-glucan, thus contributing to the assembly and organization of the glucan layer.
The multigene GAS family of S. cerevisiae is composed of five members, GAS1-5, involved in cell wall maintenance. They share significant similarity with Aspergillus fumigatus GEL1 and GEL2, and with Candida albicans PHR1 and PHR2. Similar to the most extensively characterized member, Gas1p, the remaining Gas proteins are β-(1,3)-glucanosyltransferases involved in cell wall assembly and maintenance. Based on their expression patterns, they appear to play partially overlapping roles throughout the yeast life cycle: GAS1 and GAS5 are expressed during vegetative growth, whereas GAS2 and GAS4 are expressed exclusively during sporulation and required for normal spore wall formation, finally GAS3 is a weakly expressed gene. Thus these enzymes could satisfy the cellular needs to remodel β-(1,3)-glucan in different physiological conditions and in different conformations along the yeast life cell cycle. Moreover, considering its role in yeast cell biology, the GAS enzyme family represents a very promising molecular target for new antifungal drugs.
During my PhD thesis I focused my interest on the functional characterization of GAS1, 2, 3 and 4 in various stages of the yeast life cycle: vegetative growth, meiosis, sporulation and spore germination. This study is aimed to understand the biological significance of the developmentally regulated requirement of the specific members of the GAS redundant family in the morphological stages of yeast life cycle.
GAS2 and GAS4 genes are specifically induced during sporulation and encode for glycoproteins. The effects of the loss of Gas2 and Gas4 proteins on spore wall morphogenesis are dramatic. Synthesis of all the layers of the spore cell wall occurs, but the accumulation and organization of wall material is abnormal. The lack of the elongase activity of Gas2 and Gas4 proteins in the double mutant might cause the formation of shorter or less branched β(1,3)-glucan chains in the inner layer of the spore wall. Thus, the connection of the outermost layers to a less compact glucan network could make the spore wall more fragile and easily stripped under harsh conditions. These defects cause an increase in spore permeability to exogenous substances, a decrease in refractivity, and a marked decrease in spore viability. The possible execution point for GAS2 and GAS4 could be between the synthesis and organization of β(1,3)-glucan and, more specifically, in the elongation of the β(1,3)-glucan chains. Consistently with their role, during sporulation Gas2 and Gas4 proteins localize at the newly assembling prospore membrane during the meiotic divisions and in mature ascospore the proteins decorate the spore periphery. A slight difference in the protein patterns of fluorescence on the spore suggests that Gas2p and Gas4p final localization could be respectively the spore wall and the prospore membrane.
In this work, an extensive study of the localization of the Gas1 protein during the yeast life cycle was performed, taking advantage of a GFP-tagged version of the protein. During vegetative growth Gas1p has a dual localization: in the plasma membrane and at the site of bud emergence, particularly in the neck, in the chitin ring that surrounds the neck region and in the bud scars where Gas1p remains after cytokinesis. At the neck region Gas1p appears to absolve important functions in yeast as a part of the mechanisms that ensure the resistance of the neck region and the morphogenesis of the septum. The size and morphology of the neck region is severely affected both in the gas1Δ and gas1Δ chs3Δ mutant, suggesting an involvement of the protein in the maintenance of the integrity of the mother-bud neck region. The presence of Gas1p in the chitin ring could be part of the mechanism necessary to prevent new incorporation of glucan chains into the neck region or alternatively the protein could be required for a particular type of remodelling necessary for the septum region in preparation to cell division. Additionally, Gas1p could act as landmark protein for the choice of the site of bud emergencee. As to Gas1p localization at the plasma membrane, our study supports the validity of Gas1p-GFP as a marker to follow the dynamics of lipid raft.
At the induction of sporulation, GAS1 mRNA levels steadily decrease and by 10h it is completely declined. Surprisingly, Gas1p levels are roughly constant during the entire sporulation processs and the protein is very stable, being detectable also at 43h after the induction of sporulation. During spore development, a translocation event occurs through which at the completion of meiosis II, Gas1p, synthesized during vegetative growth, is removed from the plasma membrane and internalized. Later, Gas1p is detected associated to the nascent prospore membrane surrounding the nuclear lobes and finally in mature spores it localizes at the spore periphery. This translocation event suggests that Gas1p delivery to the spore surface is not part of the developmentally reprogramming of the secretory pathway from the trans Golgi to the prospore membrane, whereas it involves at least in part the endocytic pathway. We demonstrated that END3-mediated endocytosis is one of the mechanisms required for the removal of the Gas1p from the plasma membrane and its efficient re-localization at the prospore membrane. Moreover in a sps1Δ mutant, Gas1p remains localized at the plasma membrane and fails to reach the spore surface. Sps1p is a member of the Ste20 protein kinase family and regulates the trafficking to the prospore membrane of enzymes involved in spore wall synthesis, such as the glucan synthase Fks2p and chitin synthase Chs3p. Thus Sps1p could regulate the traffic of Gas1p most likely in an indirect way by interacting and modifying the components of the intracellular trafficking machinery.
Gas1p translocation during sporulation
To test a possible involvement of Gas1p in spore wall formation, in this study we tried to characterize the sporulation phenotype of a gas1Δ mutant. Unfortunately our analysis was complicated by the mutant reduced cell viability when grown in presence of a poor carbon source such as acetate. gas1Δ sporulation defect could rely in a unsatisfied energetic request as the cell wall perturbations, typical of a gas1Δ mutant, enhance carbon and energy mobilization to efficiently combat cell wall weakening and the metabolism of acetate as the sole carbon source could be not sufficient to satisfy this energetic request. Moreover the addition of sorbitol to the sporulation medium only partially rescues gas1Δ defective phenotype during spore development. Even though sorbitol can mitigate the gas1Δ cell wall damages, it has no buffering effect on the gas1Δ energetic request, thus the mutant cells remained substantially unable to sporulate. Consequently, gas1Δ sporulation defective phenotype appears to be reminiscent of the mutant defects during vegetative growth, even worsened in a poor carbon source. Even though we cannot exclude a role for Gas1p during spore morphogenesis, it is our consumption that the protein translocation to the spore represents a “storage”mechanisms to ensure the presence of the Gas1p during spore germination. At 3h after the shift to a rich medium, Gas1p exhibits a highly polarized distribution, decorating exclusively half of the germinating spore in its growing pole. The protein localization is consistent with its role in glucan layer remodelling of the cell wall at the growing portion of the germinating cell. Besides gas1Δ germinating spore inability to support the elongation during the polarized growth of the cell suggests that Gas1p is required for a very early step in germination. Besides the protein is involved in a post-germination stage to support the polarized growth of the newly emerging bud.
Finally, in this study we reported the preliminary results about the functional characterization of GAS3. The gene is expressed at a very low level during the vegetative growth in glucose and acetate. Consistently with the GAS3 expression pattern, Gas3p appears as a highly polydispersed glycoprotein of high molecular weight that is present in vegetative growing cells and along the sporulation process. EndoH treatment reduces the size and the aspect of the protein to a sharp band, suggesting that Gas3p is a heavily N-glycosylated protein. The experiments indicated that neither the overexpression nor the deletion of the GAS3 gene, alone or in combination with GAS2 and GAS4, lead to relevant differences in sporulation with respect toh the wild type or with the defective phenotype of the gas2 gas4 null mutant strain . The construction of a tagged version of the Gas3 protein to determine its localization will be a useful tool to understand the function ofl Gas3p during yeast life cycle.
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Pimenta, Luciano Cunha de Araujo. "Navegação de robôs móveis baseada na equação de laplace: uma nova abordagem utilizando elementos finitos." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/GASP-6AHJDQ.
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This work addresses the mobile robot navigation problem. More specifically, we propose a novel approach, in the robotics context, for constructing navigation functions based on the Laplaces equation solution. This approach is based on Finite Elements Methods, which allows for complex shaped obstacles and robots. Also, we propose rules for attaching boundary conditions to the boundary domain, in order to solve the Laplaces Equation, thus guaranteeing completeness for the proposed methodology, i.e., if a path exists the robot always reach the goal in a finite time, independently of its initial position and orientation. A new boundary condition, called Periodic Condition, is proposed and used to take into account the robots orientation. Additionally, we propose an algorithm for constructing configurations spaces in R3, useful when three degrees of freedom, planar robots are considered. Our methodology is validated in actual, holonomic mobile robotsEste trabalho aborda o problema de navegação de robôs móveis. Mais especificamente, é proposta uma nova abordagem, no contexto de robótica, para a solução da equação Laplace visando a construção de funções de navegação. Esta nova abordagem consiste na aplicação do Método de Elementos Finitos, o que permite o tratamento de obstáculos e robôs de formatos complexos. O trabalho ainda propõe regras para a definição de condições de contorno para a solução da equação de Laplace, as quais tornam a metodologia proposta completa, isto é, caso exista um caminho possível, o robô sempre atinge o alvo num tempo finito, independentemente da posição e orientação iniciais. Uma nova condição de contorno, dentro do contexto de robótica, chamada Condição de Contorno Periódica, também é proposta neste trabalho, permitindo um tratamento fechado da orientação do robô. O tratamento da orientação do robô passa também pela construção de espaços de configurações em R3, utilizados quando a orientação de robôs navegando no plano é considerada. Esta dissertação propõe um novo algoritmo para uma construção aproximada desses espaços. Os resultados do trabalho são validados numa plataforma constituída de robôs holonômicos reais
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Salis, Turibio Tanus. "Aplicações de visão computacional na indústria siderúrgica: problemas, soluções e estudos de caso." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/GASP-7LXK22.
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This work addresses the computer vision use in siderurgical (steel mill)process, from raw material extraction in the mines, passing for the reduction stages, stell plants, rolling, until finished products inspection. It shows a large survey where it describes the typical problems found by the researchers in the steel mill plants and the adopted solutions to solve them. This work still comments the development process of four computer vision aplications for the Ouro Branco mills siderurgical process and describes other solutions that can contribute in process quality increase.Este trabalho busca discutir a utilização de visão computacional nos processos siderúrgicos, desde a extração da matéria-prima nas minas, passando pelas etapas de redução, aciaria, laminação até a inspeção dos produtos finais. O trabalho apresenta uma extensa revisão bibliográfica na qual se descreve os principais problemas encontrados pelos pesquisadores em ambientes siderúrgicos e as respectivas soluções adotadas para contorná-los. O trabalho comenta ainda o desenvolvimento de quatro protótipos de aplicações paraos processos siderúrgicos da usina de Ouro Branco, além de descrever o levantamento de outras soluções que podem contribuir para a melhoria dos processos.
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Pimenta, Luciano Cunha de Araujo. "Techniques for Controlling Swarms of Robots." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/GASP-7Y5F4W.
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This thesis addresses the problem of controlling very large groups of robots, refereed as swarms. Scalable solutions in which there is no need for labelling the robots are proposed. All the robots run the same software and the success of the task execution does not depend on specific members of the group. Robustness to dynamic addition and deletion of agents is also an advantage of our approaches. In the first methodology, we model the swarm as a fluid immersed in a region where a field of external forces, which is free of local minima, is defined. In this case, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is applied to model the robotic fluid', more specifically, to model the interactions among the robots of the group. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is also used in this work to compute the fields that determine external forces. This approach is instantiated in a pattern generation task and also in a coverage task. In the second methodology, a problem of optimal environment coverage using robots equipped with sensors is addressed by means of tools from the Locational Optimization theory. Three important extensions of well-known results in the literature are presented: (i) sensors with different footprints, (ii) disk-shaped robots, and (iii) nonconvex polygonal environments. Both approaches are verified in simulations. The first technique is also implemented and tested in actual robots.Esta tese aborda o problema de controle de grandes grupos de robôs, referidos como enxames. São propostas soluções escaláveis as quais não necessitam da identificação única dos robôs. Todos os robôs executam o mesmo código e o sucesso na execução de uma tarefa não depende de membros específicos do grupo. Robustez à adição e remoção dinâmica de agentes também é uma vantagem das abordagens propostas. Na primeira metodologia, o enxame é modelado como um fluido imerso numa região onde um campo de forças externas livre de mínimos locais é definido. Neste caso, utiliza-se o método de Hidrodinâmica de Partículas Suavizadas (HPS) para modelar o fluido robótico'', mais especificamente, para modelar as interações entre robôs do grupo. O Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF) também é utilizado neste trabalho para calcular os campos vetoriais que determinam as forças externas. Esta abordagem é instanciada num problema de geração de padrões e também num problema de cobertura de ambientes. Na segunda metodologia, um problema de cobertura ótima de ambientes utilizando robôs equipados com sensores é tratado por meio de ferramentas provenientes da teoria de Otimização Locacional. São apresentadas três extensões importantes de resultados já conhecidos na literatura: (i) sensores com diferentes campos de visão, (ii) robôs com formato circular e (iii) ambientes poligonais não-convexos. Ambas metodologias são verificadas em simulações. A primeira metodologia é também implementada e testada em robôs reais.
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Fonseca, Alexandre Ramos. "Composição de mapas planares e planejamento de rotas aplicados à navegação de robôs móveis e linhas de transmissão." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/GASP-6NQP2X.
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Finding the shortest path between two points in thematic maps is a common problem. However, this planning can be slightly complex, taking into account the large number of variables and constraints of the problem. This thesis proposes the use of map overlay and optimization techniques to find the optimal route approximation, considering all necessary topological information and constraints. Furthermore, a post-processing technique to refine the solution is shown. The problem can be modeled by a set of thematic maps without loss of generality. Cost functions are assigned to each region in order to estimate the difficulty to transpose that region. The map overlay technique is used to couple all the thematic map information. This technique produces a combined map which contains all the information of each map. A triangle discretization has been used to decompose the map in convex regions. After the discretization, the vertices of the triangles are the nodes of the search graph. The graph is constructed taking into account the distance between nodes. This distance is defined as the minimal number of edges between the nodes. One can assure the best solution only considering all possible connections. However, this addresses the worst case and the computational cost is prohibitive in most cases. A post-processing technique has been proposed to find good solutions without a significative increasing of considered connections. To achieve the initial solution path, the Dijkstra algorithm has been used. Two route planning problems are addressed in this work, the robot motion planning in outdoor environments and the design of routes for transmission lines. In both cases, practical systems have been used to test the developed method.Encontrar o caminho de menor custo entre dois pontos em um mapa temático é um problema comum. Entretanto, esse planejamento pode se tornar complexo levando-se em conta o elevado número de variáveis e restrições do problema. Essa dissertação propõe o uso de técnicas de sobreposição de mapas e de otimização para encontrar uma aproximação da rota ótima, considerando todas as informações topológicas e restrições necessárias. Além disso, uma técnica de pós-processamento para refinar a solução é apresentada. O problema pode ser modelado, sem perda de generalidade, por um conjunto de mapas temáticos aos quais funções de custo são associadas a cada região, com o objetivo de estimar sua dificuldade de transposição. A técnica de sobreposição de mapas é usada para combinar as informações dos mapas temáticos. Essa técnica produz um mapa combinado contendo as informações de cada mapa e o mapa resultante é então decomposto em regiões convexas utilizando uma triangulação. Após a discretização, os vértices dos triângulos correspondem aos nós do grafo. O grafo é construído levando em conta o custo de transposição entre os nós e a distância topológica entre eles. Esta distância é definida como o número mínimo de arestas entre os nós. Pode-se assegurar a melhor solução somente quando o grafo completo é considerado. Entretanto, o custo computacional para este caso é proibitivo. Uma técnica de pós-processamento é proposta para encontrar boas soluções sem considerar um número elevado de conexões. O algoritmo de Dijkstra é utilizado para calcular o caminho inicial. Como aplicação, dois problemas de planejamento de rotas são considerados: navegação de robôs em ambientes externos e o projeto de rotas de linhas de transmissão. Em ambos os casos, exemplos práticos foram usados para a validação do método desenvolvido.
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Santos, Michelle Mendes. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema de localização e reconstrução de trajetórias para um veículo terrestre." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/GASP-7Y5EWQ.
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The localization task of a mobile robot is one of the most important steps towards its autonomous locomotion, since a vehicle must know its geographic position must be able to avoid known obstacles and to arrive at desired places. The fulfillment of this task requires the use of noisy information provided by many types of sensors. In this work the objective is the study of sensor fusion techniques applied to the development of a localization system for an automobile. This automobile will be used later as a mobile robotic platform in UFMG. The developed system not only provides information concerning the geographic position of the vehicle, but also estimates speed and orientation. This is accomplished by the use of position, speed and acceleration sensors, which are adequately installed and calibrated. The sensors measurements are processed using estimation algorithms based on Kalman Filter. As example of application of the localization system proposed in this work, an onboard electronic guide was developed, which, based on maps stored previously on a computer, can display geographical information to the vehicle driver.A tarefa de localização de um robô móvel constitui-se como uma das etapas fundamentais para se atingir o objetivo de locomoção autônoma do mesmo, tendo em vista que um veículo deve conhecer sua posição geográfica, em relação a um determinado referencial, para conseguir se desviar de obstáculos conhecidos e alcançar lugares desejados. O cumprimento desta tarefa demanda a utilização de informações ruidosas provenientes de diversos tipos de sensores. Neste trabalho tem-se como objetivo o estudo de técnicas de fusão sensorial aplicadas ao desenvolvimento de um sistema de localização para um automóvel de passeio, o qual será futuramente usado como plataforma robótica móvel. O sistema desenvolvido provê não apenas informações acerca da posição geográfica do veículo, mas também fornece estimativas de velocidade e orientação ao longo do trajeto, graças à utilização de sensores de posição, velocidade e aceleração, adequadamente instalados e calibrados, cujas medições são processadas por algoritmos de estimação baseados no Filtro de Kalman. Como exemplo de aplicação do sistema de localização proposto neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido um guia eletrônico embarcado que, em conjunto com mapas fornecidos previamente, pode apresentar informações ao motorista que trafega com o veículo em um dado instante.
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Lima, Danilo Alves de. "Navegação segura de um carro autônomo utilizando campos vetoriais e o método da janela dinâmica." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/GASP-8C4QBE.
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Safe navigation is fundamental for autonomous vehicles. That requires a complete interaction with its surroundings. Self localization, motion planning, environment perception and obstacle avoidance, are important steps that must be realized by the vehicle. This work presents a safe navigation approach for a car-like robot. It uses a path planning algorithm based on Velocity Vector Fields combined together with a Dynamic Window Approach for unmodeled obstacle avoidance. Basically, the vector field is associated to a controller whose outputs are validated by the Dynamic Window Approach and applied as control inputs for the car. To assist the navigation, some known technics have been incorporated to the final solution, such as a sensor fusion system for localization and a local occupancy grid for environment perception. The methodology of this work was validated in a simulation system, where lasers and visual sensors were evaluated, and posteriorly applied to CADU (a car-like robot developed in the Federal University of Minas Gerais) that uses a stereo vision camera for obstacles detection. The results, for both cases, controlled the vehicle in an unstructured environment. The vehicle was able to track the vector field and avoid obstacles in its way. It is expected that more sensors and a better localization system would allow the car to navigate around more complex places using the methodology presented in this work.A navegação segura é uma tarefa fundamental para os veículos autônomos, os quais necessitam de uma interação completa com o meio em que estão inseridos. Saber se localizar no mundo, planejar seu movimento, perceber o ambiente e desviar de possíveis obstáculos, são apenas algumas das etapas que devem ser realizadas pelo veículo. Este trabalho aborda o problema de navegação segura de um carro autônomo. Para tanto, é utilizado um planejamento de movimento por meio de campos vetoriais de velocidade aliado ao Método da Janela Dinâmica para o desvio de obstáculos não modelados. Basicamente, o campo vetorial é associado a um controlador cujas saídas são validadas pelo Método da Janela Dinâmica e aplicadas como entradas de controle do carro. Para auxiliar na navegação, técnicas de localização por fusão sensorial e percepção do ambiente por uma grade ocupação local foram incorporadas à solução. A validação da metodologia apresentada foi realizada em um ambiente de simulação, onde sensores a laser e visuais foram avaliados, e posteriormente implementada no CADU (Carro autônomo desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerias) que utiliza visão estéreo para a percepção dos obstáculos. Os resultados, para ambos os casos, controlaram o veículo em um ambiente não estruturado. Neles, o veículo foi capaz de se guiar pelo campo vetorial e desviar de obstáculos em seu caminho. Espera-se que a incorporação de mais sensores e um sistema localização mais preciso permita que o carro navegue por ambientes mais complexos utilizando a metodologia proposta neste trabalho.
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Junior, Joao Bosco Silvino. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema automatizado para captura e comparação de estriamentos de projéteis de armas de fogo." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/GASP-8BNFER.
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The increasing use of guns in crimes has been a constant worrying to the law enforcemen and the need of capable information in order to get a solution for those crimes is evident. The detection of correlative previous crimes becomes a powerful tool that can be decisive to the solution of a criminal action. The creation of a proper system that is able to detect the use of the same gun on diferent crimes becomes a huge need for the techno-scientific policy institutes and it opens a wide range of information that wasn't possible before due to de complexity in ballistic comparishion processes, that envolves the ballistics examiner to indivualy analyze each speciment. This work introduces a beginning in the development of equipment with national technology for automatic ballistic projects comparison. It is introduced the mechanism of image acquisition of the projectile, a methodology of the set up of this image and the comparisons among the micro striation marks, and determining the similarity level among picked samples using Cross Correlation Function (CCF)The most important results were the capture and the set up of the lateralarea image of a three-dimensional object as well the comparison of acquired sample images. These comparisons allowed to determine what samples were produced by the same gun. It is expected, with the future development of the present work, it can be produced national solutions for the automatic ballistic comparisons, by searching related facts in appropriated databases.O crescente uso de armas de fogo na prática de crimes tem sido umapreocupação constante dos órgãos de investigação policial. A detecção de crimes relacionados entre si é uma ferramenta poderosa que pode ser decisiva no desvendamento de uma ação delitiva. O desenvolvimento de um sistema capaz de detectar o uso de uma mesma arma em crimes diferentes torna-se uma necessidade para os órgãos de polícia técnico-científica, pois abre um novo leque de informações que antes não era possível, dada a complexidadee demora nos processos de confronto balístico. Este trabalho apresenta-se como o indício do desenvolvimento de um equipamento com tecnologia nacional para a microcomparação balística automáticade projéteis. Nele é apresentado o mecanismo de aquisição da imagem do projetil, uma metodologia de montagem desta imagem e também de comparação entre os microestriamentos, determinando o grau de semelhançaa entre as amostras colhidas utilizando a Função de Correlação Cruzada (FCC). Os principais resultados alcançados foram a captura e a montagem da imagem da área lateral de um objeto tridimensional e comparação das imagens das amostras adquiridas. Estas comparações permitiram determinar quais amostras foram produzidas pela mesma arma. Espera-se, com o desenvolvimento futuro deste trabalho, que possa ser produzida uma solução brasileira para a microcomparação balística automática e busca de casos relacionados em um banco de dados.
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Moreira, Marco Aurelio Guimaraes. "Localização, modelagem e controle de um helimodelo em ambientes internos." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/GASP-8BNFB9.
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This work addresses the robotization problem of a small-scale commercial helicopter. The problem solution involves three subtasks: design and implementation of algorithms for localization, development of the helicopter mathematical model and design and implementation of control laws. For localization, the combination of a stereo vision system and inertial sensors information via Kalman Filtering is proposed. The estimated states, which are linear and angular positions and velocities, along with the pilot commands are used to estimate, through system identification methods, the parameters of a gray box model. Once the helicopter model is identified, the controllers are designed. The first tests were performed in a platform that restricted the helicopter movements to variations in the attitude angles. In the following tests, the helicopter was controlled without any device to restrict its movements, using traditional PID cascade control. Experimental results show stabilization of all the helicopter degrees of freedom.Este trabalho aborda o problema de robotização de um helimodelo comercial de pequeno porte para operação em ambientes internos. A solução para o problema ´e dividida em três sub-tarefas: projeto e implementação de algoritmos de localização, desenvolvimento da modelagem matemática do helimodelo e projeto e implementação de leis de controle. Para localização, propõe-se a combinação de informações provenientes de um sistema de visão estéreo e de sensores inerciais via Filtragem de Kalman. Os estados estimados, que compreendem posições e velocidades lineares e angulares, são usados em conjunto com os sinais de comando do piloto para estimar, por meio de métodos de identificação, os parâmetros de um modelo caixa-cinza. De posse do modelo dinâmico do helimodelo, são projetados os controladores. Inicialmente, são feitos testes numa plataforma que restringe o movimento do helimodelo a variações nos ângulos de atitude. Em seguida, o controle é feito sem qualquer mecanismo de restrição de movimentos, utilizando-se controladores PID clássicos em cascata. Resultados experimentais mostram a estabilização de todos os graus de liberdade do helimodelo.
Books on the topic "GAS5"
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Becker, Manfred, and Manfred Böhmer, eds. GAST The Gas-Cooled Solar Tower Technology Program. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83559-9.
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Gasa-gasa girl. New York: Delta Trade Paperbacks, 2005.
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Gasa-gasa girl. Waterville, Me: Wheeler Pub., 2007.
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The last gasp: The rise and fall of the American gas chamber. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.
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Tōkyō Gasu gojūnenshi. Tōkyō: Yumani Shobō, 1999.
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Kaisha, Tōkyō Gasu Kabushiki, ed. Tōkyō Gasu shichijū nenshi. Tōkyō: Yumani Shobō, 2011.
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Gūndar gas pirīn jo: Qāsimu Puthar, shak̲h̲ṣiyata ain k̲h̲idmatūn = Goondar gass preain jo. Ṭhaṭo: Sindhu Pablīkeshani, 2013.
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Tobuyei, Theresa Ebi. Gasp. Lagos, Nigeria: Origami, 2021.
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Fulker, Tina. Gash! Nottingham, England: Slowdancer, 1993.
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Gasp. New York: Simon Pulse, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "GAS5"
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v. Unger, E. "GAST Gas Cycle/Hot Gas Piping." In GAST The Gas-Cooled Solar Tower Technology Program, 281–302. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83559-9_20.
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Baehr, Hans Dieter. "Ideale Gase, Gas- und Gas-Dampf-Gemische." In Thermodynamik, 193–222. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88484-9_5.
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Baehr, Hans Dieter. "Ideale Gase, Gas- und Gas-Dampf-Gemische." In Thermodynamik, 193–222. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10523-8_5.
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Baehr, Hans Dieter. "Ideale Gase, Gas- und Gas-Dampf-Gemische." In Thermodynamik, 193–222. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10527-6_5.
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Dieter Baehr, Hans. "Ideale Gase, Gas- und Gas-Dampf-Gemische." In Thermodynamik, 193–222. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10529-0_5.
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Yamaguchi, K., and Y. Nishina. "Inelastic Tunneling Characteristics In Bi-Gas(GaSe)-Bi and Pb-GaS(GaSe)-Bi Junctions." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, 1169–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7682-2_264.
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Wehowsky, P., D. Stahl, J. de Marcos, and L. Crespo. "The Gas-Cooled Solar Tower Project ‘Gast’." In Thermo-Mechanical Solar Power Plants, 433–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5402-1_64.
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Wehowsky, P. "Goals, Structure and Main Results of the Technology Program GAST." In GAST The Gas-Cooled Solar Tower Technology Program, 1–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83559-9_1.
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de Marcos, J. "Spanish/ASINEL/Heliostats including Field Control." In GAST The Gas-Cooled Solar Tower Technology Program, 135–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83559-9_10.
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Ramos, F. "Beam Measuring System (BMS)." In GAST The Gas-Cooled Solar Tower Technology Program, 151–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83559-9_11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "GAS5"
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Zhang, Ziqiang, and Yin-yuan Mo. "Abstract 1829: Negative regulation of lncRNA GAS5 by miR-21." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1829.
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Tang, Linyu, Quanpeng Li, Xianxiu Ge, and Lin Miao. "LncRNA GAS5 inhibits progression of colorectal cancer by regulating M1/M2 macrophages polarization." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE FRONTIERS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING (FBB 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5110807.
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Martens-Uzunova, Elena S., Anton Kalsbeek, Youri Hoogstrate, Adam Baker, Soren Jensby Nielsen, Tapio Visakorpi, Chris Bangma, and Guido Jenster. "Abstract A45: GAS5-encoded intronic snoRNAs produce specific sdRNAs overexpressed in aggressive prostate cancer." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines; December 4-7, 2015; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.nonrna15-a45.
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Schuliga, Michael, Saad Salem, Christine R. Keenan, Trudi Harris, and Alastair G. Stewart. "The Non-Coding RNA Gas5, A Decoy Nucleotide For The Glucocorticoid Receptor, Is Expressed In Human Airway Smooth Muscle And Epithelial Cells." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2411.
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Sharma, Nikita S., Brittany C. Durden, Prisca Gnamlin, Vineet K. Gupta, Kousik Kesh, Vanessa T. Garrido, Ashok Saluja, and Sulagna Banerjee. "Abstract B17: Long noncoding RNA growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5) as a proliferation «brake» in aggressive population of CD133+ cells responsible for recurrence in PDAC." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; September 6-9, 2019; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca19-b17.
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"Contents [breaker page]." In 2012 2nd International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering (GAS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gas.2012.6225918.
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"Welcome to the 2nd International Games and Software Engineering workshop (GAS 2012)." In 2012 2nd International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering (GAS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gas.2012.6225919.
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"Table of Contents." In 2015 IEEE/ACM 4th International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering (GAS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gas.2015.4.
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"Message from the Chairs." In 2015 IEEE/ACM 4th International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering (GAS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gas.2015.5.
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"Committees." In 2015 IEEE/ACM 4th International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering (GAS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gas.2015.6.
Full textReports on the topic "GAS5"
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Zhao, Shushan, Ping Liu, Zhe Ruan, Jianhuang Li, Shan Zeng, Meizuo Zhong, and Lanhua Tang. Association between lncRNA GAS5 polymorphism rs145204276 and the risk of cancer. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0036.
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Yusgiantoro, Filda Citra, Massita Ayu Cindy, and Diwangkara Bagus Nugraha. Evaluating the New Regulated Gas Pricing Policy for Industrial Customers in Indonesia. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.001.
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The objective of the GoI to regulate an affordable natural gas price through MEMR Regulation No. 8/2020 undoubtedly benefit the industrial sector. However, the regulation should be carefully implemented and monitored to prevent revenue loss in the natural gas business entities and avoid underperforming gas users/industries. The study finds three main issues in implementing the new regulated natural gas price. First, the compensation limit for the upstream natural gas entities is problematic for KKKS, whose annual loss is higher than the annual government take. Second, a detailed incentive mechanism for natural gas transmission and distribution companies is unavailable. And third, the evaluation scheme on the industry’s performance remains unclear.
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Nasi, Luis. The case for the Ionian-Adriatic Pipeline. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.e-2021.11.
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The natural gas sector in most of the Western Balkans is largely underdeveloped. Consumption is low, as is infrastructure penetration. In recent years, new sources have become available, which, provided the necessary infrastructure is built, can change the situation and increase the use of gas in the region. This paper presents the Ionian-Adriatic Pipeline, which would link the Trans-Adriatic Pipeline with the Croatian gas transmitting system. In doing so, it could make access to gas a reality for Albania, Montenegro, and possibly Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo, while increasing energy security in the region. The feasibility of this project, its benefits and possible implications are discussed, concluding that the construction of this pipeline would be a wise decision and significantly benefit the region.
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Angulo Rodríguez, Emilio, and Ariel Yépez-García. The Role of Natural Gas in Energy Transition. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002868.
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As of 2004 and continuously to this day, the annual growth rate of renewable sources has been greater than that of all fossil fuels combined. In the midst of this transition to cleaner energy, natural gas is the only fossil fuel that has increased its share in the global energy matrix. Technological changes in the LNG supply chain, as well as transformations in the global natural gas market, largely explain this growth. This publication provides evidence on the fundamental role that natural gas plays in the energy transition, given that: (i) its greenhouse gas emissions are substantially lower than those of oil and coal; (ii) it provides the firm power necessary to complement intermittent renewable energies; (iii) it is particularly safe compared to other fossil fuels. In line with these attributes, the International Energy Agency projects that the share of natural gas in the global energy matrix by 2040 will remain stable (around 24%), even in its Sustainable Development Scenario, which would allow to meet the goals established in the Paris Agreement.
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Kingston, A. W., A. Mort, C. Deblonde, and O H Ardakani. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) distribution in the Triassic Montney Formation of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329266.
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The Montney Formation is a highly productive hydrocarbon reservoir that is of great economic importance to Canada, however production is often dogged by the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a highly toxic and corrosive gas. Mapping H2S distribution across the Montney basin in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) is fundamental to understanding the processes responsible for its occurrence. We derive a Montney-specific dataset of well gas and water geochemistry from the publically available archives of the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) and British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission (BCOGC) conducting quality assurance and control procedure before spatial interpolation. Empirical Bayesian Kriging is used to interpolate H2S across the whole Montney basin resulting in maps of H2S from hydrocarbon gas, condensates, and water; along with maps of sulfate and chloride ions in water. These interpolations illustrate the heterogeneous distribution of H2S across the basin with the highest concentrations in the Grande Prairie area along with several other isolated regions. Maps of H2S in gas, condensates, and water exhibit similar trends in H2S concentrations, which with future research may help elucidate the origin of H2S in the Montney.
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Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, and Hilary Nixon. What Do Americans Think About Federal Tax Options to Support Transportation? Results from Year Twelve of a National Survey. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2101.
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This report summarizes the results from the twelfth year of a national public opinion survey asking U.S. adults questions related to their views on federal transportation taxes. A nationally-representative sample of 2,516 respondents completed the online survey from February 5 to 23, 2021. The questions test public opinions about raising the federal gas tax rate, replacing the federal gas tax with a new mileage fee, and imposing a mileage fee just on commercial travel. In addition to asking directly about support for these tax options, the survey collected data on respondents’ views on the quality of their local transportation system, their priorities for federal transportation spending, their knowledge about gas taxes, their views on privacy and equity matters related to mileage fees, travel behavior, and standard sociodemographic variables. This large set of variables is used to identify personal characteristics and opinions correlated with support for the tax options. Key findings include that large majorities supported transportation improvements across modes and wanted to see the federal government work towards making the transportation system well maintained, safe, and equitable, as well as to reduce the system’s impact on climate change. Findings related to gas taxes include that only 2% of respondents knew that the federal gas tax rate had not been raised in more than 20 years, and 71% of respondents supported increasing the federal gas tax by 10 cents per gallon if the revenue would be dedicated to maintenance. With respect to mileage fees, roughly half of respondents supported some form of mileage fee, whether that was assessed on all travel or just on commercial travel, 62% believe that low-income drivers should pay a reduced mileage fee rate, and 52% think that electric vehicles should pay a lower rate than gas and diesel vehicles. The analysis of trends across the survey series, which has run from 2010 to 2011, shows that support for both higher gas taxes and a hypothetical new mileage fee has risen slowly but steadily, and Americans’ experience with COVID over the past year has not disrupted those trends. Finally, support for the tax and fee options varies mostly by most personal characteristics, but there are frequently large differences correlated with age, community type, and political affiliation.
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Lynch, John. Agricultural methane and its role as a greenhouse gas. Food Climate Research Network, June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/0f7f7b1e.
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There has recently been a lot of focus on methane, as it is an important contributor to climate change. The food system is one of the largest emitters of methane, and the gas is particularly associated with ruminant livestock (cattle, sheep and goats) and with rice production. Despite its significance as a greenhouse gas, there is also considerable confusion over how we should quantify the climate impacts of methane emissions. This is because there are important differences in how methane and carbon dioxide – the major human-generated greenhouse gas – affect the climate. This explainer provides an overview of the key points about methane, and addresses some common areas of confusion.
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Rudy Rogers and John Etheridge. Gas Hydrate Storage of Natural Gas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/903468.
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Swanson, M. L. Gas separation and hot-gas cleanup. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/244395.
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AlGhamdi, Abeer. Saudi Arabia Energy Report. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2020-dp25.
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Saudi Arabia is one of the world’s leading oil producers and exporters. It has the second-largest proven crude oil reserves after Venezuela. Saudi Arabia’s oil reserves have made it one of the most significant players in the global oil market. The country also possesses vast reserves of natural gas and, in 2018, had the sixth-largest reserves of natural gas, just below the United States.