Books on the topic 'Gas standard generation'

The tutorial adequately considered the currently existing methods of protection of the air basin from industrial waste gases of chemical, petrochemical, microbiological, pharmaceutical and related industries. The material is based on a thorough analysis of the treatment methods commonly used, the most dangerous substances that enter the Earth´s atmosphere with the exhaust gases of large enterprises, also provides guidance on the use of gas-cleaning equipment emissions in the industry. Compliant with the Federal state educational standard of the latest generation of higher education. The book is intended for students of technical colleges enrolled in areas of training "Technosphere Safety" and "Environmental Engineering" (training profiles: "Environmental Engineering localities", "Engineering protection of the environment of industrial enterprises" and "Protection of the environment and resources"), as well as for engineering technical staff, graduate students and professors.

The textbook gives the basic concepts of gasified heat generating (boiler) installations and the terminology used in boiler technology, the principle of operation and device of gasified heat generating (boiler) installations. The types and device of heat generators (boilers) of their furnace devices are considered; types and device of gas-burning devices, the number and places of their installation in furnace devices; auxiliary equipment-devices for air supply and removal of combustion products, devices for water treatment, steam supply and circulation of the coolant of hot water boilers; device for thermal control and automatic regulation of the boiler installation. The issues of operation and efficiency of gasified heat generating (boiler) installations and their gas supply systems; requirements for conducting gas-hazardous and emergency recovery operations of gas supply systems are considered. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students of secondary vocational education in the specialty 08.02.08 "Installation and operation of equipment and gas supply systems".

Considered questions of the course "Hydrogeology of oil and gas", which is offered to students of geological specialties. Describes the types of water in minerals and rocks, terms of origin, occurrence and movement; the formation of chemical, gas and bacterial composition of the water. The major hydrogeological provinces and characteristics of waters of separate fields. Thematic material is accompanied by test questions, practical tasks, tasks, drawings, tests and tables. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students, teachers, undergraduates, students majoring in 05.04.01 Geology, post-graduate students of geological, hydrogeological and other specialties, as well as for employees of fuel and energy complex and the production of hydrogeological and geological organizations.

The textbook provides up-to-date data on the composition and properties of hydrocarbons and other oil and gas compounds, on the physical and chemical methods and methods for separating and identifying oil components (molecular spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, atomic adsorption spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis). The chemistry and mechanism of thermal and catalytic transformations of oil components in the main processes of oil raw materials processing, as well as the problems of the origin of oil and the transformation of oil in the environment are considered. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for training in the course "Chemistry of oil and gas", for the preparation of bachelors, masters and certified specialists in the field of training "Oil and Gas business". It can be used for training in other areas in oil and gas universities and be of interest to specialists working in the field of chemistry and technology of oil refining and in other areas of the oil and gas industry.

The manual discusses the issues of modeling thermohydrodynamic processes in oil reservoirs and in the borehole, which constitute the theoretical foundations of the method of borehole thermometry. At the same time, preference is given to the study of analytical models. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. The manual is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying in oil and gas specialties. It will also be useful for graduate students and specialists dealing with issues of geophysical control of the development of oil and gas fields.

The textbook deals with the organization and management of exploration activities for oil and gas, as well as examples of planning, monitoring and implementation of exploration projects in leading oil and gas companies in Russia and the world. Currently, project management is being actively introduced into the practice of oil and gas exploration, and in this connection, the book examines its features, which have become firmly established in the life of many companies in the oil and gas industry. The main risks of oil and gas exploration are shown. The essence of the local forecast of oil and gas potential and preparation of search objects for drilling is given. The issues of classification of oil and combustible gas reserves and resources are summarized. The geological and economic assessment of the efficiency of geological exploration is considered. The chapters of the textbook are accompanied by control questions and tasks, as well as topics for essays. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For undergraduates in the direction of training 21.04.01 "Oil and Gas business" and students specializing in the direction 21.05.02 "Applied Geology".

The textbook highlights the basic concepts and provisions of oil and gas geoecology: the impact on the biosphere of oil, hydrocarbon gas, petroleum products and related substances. The first section examines the composition, properties and toxicology of carbonaceous substances and their geochemical satellites, as well as their natural and man-made sources in the biosphere. The second section is devoted to the analysis of oil and gas technogenesis — changes in the atmosphere, soils, vegetation, surface and groundwater and the marine environment that occur under the influence of oil and gas production. The third section discusses the issues of self-restoration and reclamation of soil and aquatic ecosystems contaminated with oil and petroleum products. The fourth section discusses the main methods of environmental protection in the conditions of oil and gas production and processing. The material is based on many years of original research by the authors and data from modern scientific sources and meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students of higher educational institutions, specialists of environmental organizations of the oil and gas industry, as well as for a wide range of readers.

The textbook is aimed at developing knowledge about methods and approaches to modeling the economic processes of the region on the basis of horizontal interregional and intersectoral integration of petrochemical complexes, as well as as a result of improving the innovative infrastructure of the territories of oil production and processing, oil condensate, natural and associated gas. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the fields of "Economics", "Management", "Public Administration" (Master's degree). It can also be useful in the research work of postgraduate and doctoral studies in the scientific specialties "Economic theory", "Economics and management of the national economy", "Mathematical and instrumental methods of economics", etc.

Presented in the textbook materials relate to the disclosure of the common features of radio and optical telecommunication systems. In detail the device and principles of operation of gas, solid and semiconductor lasers, photodetectors, key photoelectric devices, phototransistors, of photothyristors. The studied display device. Great attention is paid to the elemental basis of fiber-optical systems of collecting and information transfer. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students in the areas of "Photonics and Optoinformatics", "Instrumentation" and "optical engineering".

The textbook describes the design features of offshore horizontal multi-hole production wells, as well as the bottom-hole components of horizontal multi-hole wells. The classification of complications of multi-hole horizontal wells, methods of their prevention and elimination are given. Methods of underground geonavigation of the development of offshore horizontal production wells are proposed. The geological and field bases of operation of horizontal offshore multi-hole oil and gas wells, modes and dynamics of oil, gas and associated water production, methods for calculating dynamic bottom-hole and reservoir pressures are specified. The technologies of operation of offshore horizontal multi-hole wells are presented. The composition and scope of environmental, field and research marine monitoring of the operation of offshore horizontal multi-hole wells and the protection of the marine environment in the production of oil and gas are justified. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for undergraduates of the enlarged group of "Earth Sciences" training areas, as well as for teachers, employees of the fuel and energy complex, industrial geological exploration and oil and gas production enterprises, scientific and design organizations.

This textbook is a publication of the latest generation, designed to optimize the national project "Education"; develops theoretical knowledge about the genesis of natural liquid, gaseous and solid combustible minerals, the formation of the composition and properties, the practical significance of fuel and energy natural complexes. It is devoted to the study of the composition, properties and classification of oils, gas condensate, natural gases and solid combustible minerals, studied at the level of modern achievements of instrumental analytical and factory equipment in accordance with existing technologies, theories and hypotheses about the genesis of hydrocarbons and Earth sciences. The publication is supplemented with the main directions of processing of combustible minerals. Digital and graphical types of chemical models of the synergy of components of gas and oil deposits are described, which are necessary for predicting the phase state and composition of hydrocarbons and optimizing the directions of processing of marketable products. To facilitate the process of cognition of the origin and formation of the composition and properties of natural combustible minerals, a glossary, tests, as well as questions for the test and exam are offered. To control the knowledge gained by students while studying textbook materials, each chapter is accompanied by questions and tasks. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students studying in the fields of 05.04.01, 05.03.01 "Geology", 21.05.02 "Applied Geology", as well as for specialists in the field of geology, geochemistry, extraction and processing of oil, gas, gas condensate, solid fuels.

The modern methods of assessing geological reserves and resources of oil, gas and condensate, concepts and criteria for allocating categories of reserves and resources in accordance with the properties of oils, gases and condensates, which are scientifically based on the international market, are described. For the first time, the calculation of the stocks of commercial products contained in the composition of oil, gas and condensate is given. The categories of reserves and resources according to Russian and foreign classifications are compared. The state of hydrocarbon reserves by countries and continents is described. The interrelationships of the stages of geological exploration with the calculation technologies and categories of reserves and resources are clarified. The ecological tasks of exploration and development of hydrocarbons are highlighted. The main directions and technologies of oil, gas and condensate refining, which are an integral stage of calculating and developing reserves, are given. At the end of each chapter, control questions and tasks are given to assess the level of knowledge and the volume of assimilation of materials. Meets the requirements of the federal state standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for undergraduates of the "Geology" direction, graduate students of the "Earth Sciences" direction, students and teachers of universities, specialists in the exploration and processing of oil, gas and condensate, employees of the fuel and energy complex.

The textbook considers the specifics of the use of information technologies in technosphere security. The article describes the characteristics of software products used to solve problems in the areas of life safety, organization of industrial production and environmental protection. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students studying in the enlarged group of training areas 20.00.00 "Technosphere safety and environmental management", as well as for students of related specialties studying the impact of industrial production on the environment and using GIS tools.

The textbook discusses the properties of metals used in construction, methods of their production and processing, as well as methods and technical means of performing welded joints. The presented material meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation and the programs of the courses "Technology of structural materials" and "Metal Science and Welding", taught to students of the faculties "Industrial and Civil Engineering", "Hydraulic Engineering", "Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation", "Construction of unique buildings and structures", as well as to first-year students of the Faculty" Mechanization, Automation and Electrification of Construction " and undergraduates studying the course of metal structures and technologies of structural materials. It will be useful for students in mastering the lecture material, conducting laboratory work and completing diploma projects, as well as for students of advanced training courses and retraining of construction specialists.

The material of the textbook is aimed at obtaining competencies in the field of Internet technologies. In a simple and accessible language, the theoretical foundations of Internet technologies are described, the study of which will help to eliminate gaps in knowledge on the current type of activity of almost every person. The seven workshops given in the manual will provide an opportunity to acquire skills and competencies that are in demand in the labor market and necessary for the implementation of professional and daily tasks. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students and teachers of higher education and people interested in developing their key competencies in the field of information and communication technologies.

The textbook presents in the most simplified form the basic theoretical provisions of set theory, number representation, combinatorics and mathematical logic, as well as ways to solve practical problems using their methods. A large number of examples are considered. There are also questions for self-control of the level of knowledge and tasks for self-solution. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For undergraduate and graduate students in the field of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, as well as students of other fields studying information technology. Also, the manual can be used by young specialists from the IT field in independently eliminating gaps in certain sections of discrete mathematics.

The textbook corresponds to the general education programs of the general courses "Hydraulics" and "Fluid Mechanics". The basic physical properties of liquids, gases, and their mixtures, including the quantum nature of viscosity in a liquid, are described; the laws of hydrostatics, their observation in natural phenomena, and their application in engineering are described. The fundamentals of the kinematics and dynamics of an incompressible fluid are given; original examples of the application of the Bernoulli equation are given. The modes of fluid motion are supplemented by the features of the transient flow mode at high local resistances. The basics of flow similarity are shown. Laminar and turbulent modes of motion in pipes are described, and the classification of flows from a creeping current to four types of hypersonic flow around the body is given. The coefficients of nonuniformity of momentum and kinetic energy for several flows of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids are calculated. Examples of solving problems of transient flows by hydraulic methods are given. Local hydraulic resistances, their use in measuring equipment and industry, hydraulic shock, polytropic flow of gas in the pipe and its outflow from the tank are considered. The characteristics of different types of pumps, their advantages and disadvantages, and ways of adjustment are described. A brief biography of the scientists mentioned in the textbook is given, and their contribution to the development of the theory of hydroaeromechanics is shown. The four appendices can be used as a reference to the main text, as well as a subject index. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions who study full-time, part-time, evening, distance learning forms of technological and mechanical specialties belonging to the group "Food Technology".

New York City has long been a generative nexus for the transnational Latin music scene. Currently, there is no other place in the Americas where such large numbers of people from throughout the Caribbean come together to make music. This book seeks to recognize all of those musicians under one mighty musical sound, especially those who have historically gone unnoticed. Based on archival research, oral histories, interviews, and musicological analysis, the book examines how interethnic collaboration among musicians, composers, dancers, instrument builders, and music teachers in New York City set a standard for the study, creation, performance, and innovation of Latin music. Musicians specializing in Spanish Caribbean music in New York cultivated a sound that was grounded in tradition, including classical, jazz, and Spanish Caribbean folkloric music. The book studies this sound in detail and in its context. It offers a fresh understanding of how musicians made and formally transmitted Spanish Caribbean popular music in New York City from 1940 to 1990. Without diminishing the historical facts of segregation and racism the musicians experienced, the book treats music as a unifying force. By giving recognition to those musicians who helped bridge the gap between cultural and musical backgrounds, it recognizes the impact of entire ethnic groups who helped change music in New York. The study of these individual musicians through interviews and musical transcriptions helps to characterize the specific and identifiable New York City Latin music aesthetic that has come to be emulated internationally.

Economy and mankind are inextricably interlinked. Just as the economy or the production of material wealth is unimaginable without a man, so human existence and development are impossible without the wealth created in the economy. Shortly, both the goal and the means of achieving and realization of the economy are still the human resources. People have long ago noticed that it was the economy that created livelihoods, and the delays in their production led to the catastrophic events such as hunger, poverty, civil wars, social upheavals, revolutions, moral degeneration, and more. Therefore, the special interest of people in understanding the regulatory framework of the functioning of the economy has existed and exists in all historical epochs [A. Sisvadze. Economic theory. Part One. 2006y. p. 22]. The system of economic disciplines studies economy or economic activities of a society. All of them are based on science, which is currently called economic theory in the post-socialist space (the science of economics, the principles of economics or modern economics), and in most countries of the world - predominantly in the Greek-Latin manner - economics. The title of the present book is also Modern Economics. Economics (economic theory) is the science that studies the efficient use of limited resources to produce and distribute goods and services in order to satisfy as much as possible the unlimited needs and demands of the society. More simply, economics is the science of choice and how society manages its limited resources. Moreover, it should be emphasized that economics (economic theory) studies only the distribution, exchange and consumption of the economic wealth (food, beverages, clothing, housing, machine tools, computers, services, etc.), the production of which is possible and limited. And the wealth that exists indefinitely: no economic relations are formed in the production and distribution of solar energy, air, and the like. This current book is the second complete updated edition of the challenges of the modern global economy in the context of the coronary crisis, taking into account some of the priority directions of the country's development. Its purpose is to help students and interested readers gain a thorough knowledge of economics and show them how this knowledge can be applied pragmatically (professionally) in professional activities or in everyday life. To achieve this goal, this textbook, which consists of two parts and tests, discusses in simple and clear language issues such as: the essence of economics as a science, reasons for origin, purpose, tasks, usefulness and functions; Basic principles, problems and peculiarities of economics in different economic systems; Needs and demand, the essence of economic resources, types and limitations; Interaction, mobility, interchangeability and efficient use of economic resources. The essence and types of wealth; The essence, types and models of the economic system; The interaction of households and firms in the market of resources and products; Market mechanism and its elements - demand, supply and price; Demand and supply elasticity; Production costs and the ways to reduce them; Forms of the market - perfect and incomplete competition markets and their peculiarities; Markets for Production Factors and factor incomes; The essence of macroeconomics, causes and importance of origin; The essence and calculation of key macroeconomic indicators (gross national product, gross domestic product, net national product, national income, etc.); Macroeconomic stability and instability, unemployment, inflation and anti-inflationary policies; State regulation of the economy and economic policy; Monetary and fiscal policy; Income and standard of living; Economic Growth; The Corona Pandemic as a Defect and Effect of Globalization; National Economic Problems and New Opportunities for Development in the conditions of the Coronary Crisis; The Socio-economic problems of moral obsolescence in digital technologies; Education and creativity are the main solution way to overcome the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus; Positive and negative effects of tourism in Georgia; Formation of the middle class as a contributing factor to the development of tourism in Georgia; Corporate culture in Georgian travel companies, etc. The axiomatic truth is that economics is the union of people in constant interaction. Given that the behavior of the economy reflects the behavior of the people who make up the economy, after clarifying the essence of the economy, we move on to the analysis of the four principles of individual decision-making. Furtermore, the book describes how people make independent decisions. The key to making an individual decision is that people have to choose from alternative options, that the value of any action is measured by the value of what must be given or what must be given up to get something, that the rational, smart people make decisions based on the comparison of the marginal costs and marginal returns (benefits), and that people behave accordingly to stimuli. Afterwards, the need for human interaction is then analyzed and substantiated. If a person is isolated, he will have to take care of his own food, clothes, shoes, his own house and so on. In the case of such a closed economy and universalization of labor, firstly, its productivity will be low and, secondly, it will be able to consume only what it produces. It is clear that human productivity will be higher and more profitable as a result of labor specialization and the opportunity to trade with others. Indeed, trade allows each person to specialize, to engage in the activities that are most successful, be it agriculture, sewing or construction, and to buy more diverse goods and services from others at a relatively lower price. The key to such human interactions is that trade is mutually beneficial; That markets are usually the good means of coordination between people and that the government can improve the results of market functioning if the market reveals weakness or the results of market functioning are not fair. Moroever, it also shows how the economy works as a whole. In particular, it is argued that productivity is a key determinant of living standards, that an increase in the money supply is a major source of inflation, and that one of the main impediments to avoiding inflation is the existence of an alternative between inflation and unemployment in the short term, that the inflation decrease causes the temporary decline in unemployement and vice versa. The Understanding creatively of all above mentioned issues, we think, will help the reader to develop market economy-appropriate thinking and rational economic-commercial-financial behaviors, to be more competitive in the domestic and international labor markets, and thus to ensure both their own prosperity and the functioning of the country's economy. How he/she copes with the tasks, it is up to the individual reader to decide. At the same time, we will receive all the smart useful advices with a sense of gratitude and will take it into account in the further work. We also would like to thank the editor and reviewers of the books. Finally, there are many things changing, so it is very important to realize that the XXI century has come: 1. The century of the new economy; 2. Age of Knowledge; 3. Age of Information and economic activities are changing in term of innovations. 1. Why is the 21st century the century of the new economy? Because for this period the economic resources, especially non-productive, non-recoverable ones (oil, natural gas, coal, etc.) are becoming increasingly limited. According to the World Energy Council, there are currently 43 years of gas and oil reserves left in the world (see “New Commersant 2007 # 2, p. 16). Under such conditions, sustainable growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) and maximum satisfaction of uncertain needs should be achieved not through the use of more land, labor and capital (extensification), but through more efficient use of available resources (intensification) or innovative economy. And economics, as it was said, is the science of finding the ways about the more effective usage of the limited resources. At the same time, with the sustainable growth and development of the economy, the present needs must be met in a way that does not deprive future generations of the opportunity to meet their needs; 2. Why is the 21st century the age of knowledge? Because in a modern economy, it is not land (natural resources), labor and capital that is crucial, but knowledge. Modern production, its factors and products are not time-consuming and capital-intensive, but science-intensive, knowledge-intensive. The good example of this is a Japanese enterprise (firm) where the production process is going on but people are almost invisible, also, the result of such production (Japanese product) is a miniature or a sample of how to get the maximum result at the lowest cost; 3. Why is the 21st century the age of information? Because the efficient functioning of the modern economy, the effective organization of the material and personal factors of production largely depend on the right governance decision. The right governance decision requires prompt and accurate information. Gone are the days when the main means of transport was a sailing ship, the main form of data processing was pencil and paper, and the main means of transmitting information was sending letters through a postman on horseback. By the modern transport infrastructure (highways, railways, ships, regular domestic and international flights, oil and gas pipelines, etc.), the movement of goods, services and labor resoucres has been significantly accelerated, while through the modern means of communication (mobile phone, internet, other) the information is spreading rapidly globally, which seems to have "shrunk" the world and made it a single large country. The Authors of the book: Ushangi Samadashvili, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University - Introduction, Chapters - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11,12, 15,16, 17.1,18 , Tests, Revaz Shengelia, Doctor of Economics, Professor of Georgian Technical University, Chapters_7, 8, 13. 14, 17.2, 17.4; Zhuzhuna Tsiklauri - Doctor of Economics, Professor of Georgian Technical University - Chapters 13.6, 13.7,17.2, 17.3, 18. We also thank the editor and reviewers of the book.