Academic literature on the topic 'Gas sorption process'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gas sorption process"
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Kustov, Maksym, Andriy Melnichenko, Oleksii Basmanov, and Olexandr Tarasenko. "Modeling of Gas Sorption Process by Dispersed Liquid Flow." Materials Science Forum 1068 (August 19, 2022): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-jdydlo.
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A mathematical model of the process of gas propagation in the atmosphere and its sorption by fine flow has been developed. The use of the finite difference method in modeling allows to obtain numerical solutions of the spatial distribution of gas concentration during its deposition by a jet of arbitrary intensity and shape. The proposed method of mathematical description of the process of sorption of hazardous gases allows you to choose an arbitrary number and spatial location of nodal points that satisfy the Courant-Friedrichs-Levy condition. The developed model allows to predict the intensity of gas sorption in technological processes and in the elimination of the consequences of emergencies. The use of the developed model will increase the efficiency of emergency management and choose effective methods of sorption of hazardous gases in the atmosphere. The results of numerical calculations confirmed the efficiency of the developed model and theoretically demonstrated the effectiveness of using water curtains for the sorption of ammonia from the atmosphere. According to the simulation results, it is established that the use of fine spray jets can significantly reduce the distance of distribution of hazardous gas.
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Chuntonov, Konstantin, and Man Kyu Lee. "Mechanochemical Sorption Apparatuses." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1106.
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A new method of sorbent activation by its mechanical grinding directly in the purified gas medium promises a technological breakthrough in the field of manufacturing and using of high purity gases. Simple design solutions and using reactive alloys as a sorbent allow making the gas purification process controllable and reducing the cost of this process by many times as well as reducing the concentration of the impurity in the end product.
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Fuchs, J., J. C. Schmid, S. Müller, A. M. Mauerhofer, F. Benedikt, and H. Hofbauer. "The impact of gasification temperature on the process characteristics of sorption enhanced reforming of biomass." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 10, no. 4 (May 31, 2019): 925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00439-9.
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AbstractEspecially carbon-intensive industries are interested in a decarbonization of their processes. A technology, which can contribute to a significant reduction of the carbon footprint, is the so-called sorption enhanced reforming process. The sorption enhanced reforming process uses a dual fluidized bed reactor system with limestone as a bed material for the thermochemical conversion of biomass into a valuable nitrogen-free product gas. This product gas can be used for further synthesis processes like methanation. The dependency of the product gas composition on the gasification temperature is already a well-known fact. Nevertheless, detailed investigations and models of the effect on elemental balances (especially carbon) of the process are missing in the literature and are presented in this work. Therefore, previously published data from different pilot plants is summarized and is discussed on a mass balance. Based on this information, investigations on the product gas equilibrium composition are presented and conclusions are drawn: it can be shown that the sorption enhanced reforming process can be divided into two sub-processes, namely “carbonation dominated sorption enhanced reforming” and “water-gas shift dominated sorption enhanced reforming.” The sub-process carbonation dominated SER is characterized by a high deviation from the water-gas shift equilibrium and a nearly constant CO content in the product gas over gasification temperature (< 700 °C). The sub-process water-gas shift dominated SER can be identified by a steep increase of the CO content in the product gas over temperature and nearly equilibrium state of the water-gas shift reaction (700–760 °C).
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Ceglarska-Stefańska, Grażyna, and Katarzyna Zarębska. "Expansion and Contraction of Variable Rank Coals during the Exchange Sorption of CO2 and CH4." Adsorption Science & Technology 20, no. 1 (February 2002): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361702760120926.
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The influence of the physical and chemical properties and the composition of the sorbed gas on the sorption capacity of hard coal must be taken into account in an analysis of such coals as specific collectors of mine gases. The analysis presented was based on a comparison of the results of sorption and expansion studies of single gases (CO2 and CH4) and their mixtures on two hard coals (Vdaf: 40.87% and 22.32%). The work presented was undertaken in an attempt to determine the influence of the sorptive deformation of the coals, caused by the pre-sorption of CO2, on the variation of their external dimensions during CH4 sorption and vice versa, and during sorption of a mixture of these gases. In addition, it was anticipated that the work could answer the question as to which of these gases would enrich the desorbed gas. Knowledge of these effects should facilitate further exploration of the relationship between the properties of a hard coal and methane evolution to establish those factors that enhance the rate and effectiveness of the process.
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He, Chuanteng, Doug J. Herman, Ron G. Minet, and Theodore T. Tsotsis. "A Catalytic/Sorption Hybrid Process for Landfill Gas Cleanup." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 36, no. 10 (October 1997): 4100–4107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie970252h.
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Sun, Yingfeng, Yixin Zhao, Hongwei Zhang, and Cun Zhang. "Visualization of Gas Diffusion-Sorption in Coal: A Study Based on Synchrotron Radiation Nano-CT." Geofluids 2020 (July 2, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8835848.
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Gas diffusion-sorption is a critical step in coalbed methane (CBM) exploitation and carbon dioxide sequestration. Because of the particularity of gas physical properties, it is difficult to visualize the gas diffusion-sorption process in coal by experimental methods. Due to the limitation of experimental approaches to image the three-dimensional coal pore structure, it is impossible to obtain the three-dimensional pore structure images of coal. As a result, the visualization of gas diffusion-sorption in coal pore structure by numerical ways is impossible. In this study, gas diffusion coefficients were firstly estimated by experiments. Then, a gas diffusion-sorption coupled model was developed which can be applied to the nanoscale geometry imaged by synchrotron radiation nano-CT. The dynamic process of gas diffusion and ad-/desorption in the nanoscale microstructure of coal was visualized by the developed gas diffusion-adsorption coupled model and the numerical simulation based on MATLAB. The simulation results show a good agreement with the experimental results. The gas diffusion-sorption coupled model and numerical method can help to investigate the effect of microstructure on gas diffusion and ad-/desorption and provides a possibility to investigate the multiscale gas transportation and adsorption in coal pore-fracture system.
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Farahdila, K., P. S. Goh, A. F. Ismail, N. F. W. M. Wan, H. M. H. Mohd, W. K. Soh, and S. Y. Yeo. "Challenges in Membrane Process for Gas Separation from Natural Gas." Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology 25, no. 2 (July 7, 2021): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/amst.v25n2.222.
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Membrane technology is cost effective solution for CO2 removal from natural gas. However, there is challenges during its application depending on the polymer material characteristic. Understanding on the polymer fundamental and transport properties, will enable proper design of pre-treatment and operating conditions that suits its capability envelope. Diffusivity selective membrane favors high pressure and high temperature conditions and vice versa for solubility selective polymer. On top of that, the robustness and durability of the resultant membrane, need to be evaluated with multicomponent mixture to understand the effect of competitive sorption, plasticization and aging phenomena that will seriously impacting the membrane performance during its application.
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Bourim, El-Mostafa, Hee Kim, and Nak-Kwan Chung. "Development and Characterization of Non-Evaporable Getter Thin Films with Ru Seeding Layer for MEMS Applications." Micromachines 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100490.
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Mastering non-evaporable getter (NEG) thin films by elucidating their activation mechanisms and predicting their sorption performances will contribute to facilitating their integration into micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). For this aim, thin film based getters structured in single and multi-metallic layered configurations deposited on silicon substrates such as Ti/Si, Ti/Ru/Si, and Zr/Ti/Ru/Si were investigated. Multilayered NEGs with an inserted Ru seed sub-layer exhibited a lower temperature in priming the activation process and a higher sorption performance compared to the unseeded single Ti/Si NEG. To reveal the gettering processes and mechanisms in the investigated getter structures, thermal activation effect on the getter surface chemical state change was analyzed with in-situ temperature XPS measurements, getter sorption behavior was measured by static pressure method, and getter dynamic sorption performance characteristics was measured by standard conductance (ASTM F798–97) method. The correlation between these measurements allowed elucidating residual gas trapping mechanism and prediction of sorption efficiency based on the getter surface poisoning. The gettering properties were found to be directly dependent on the different changes of the getter surface chemical state generated by the activation process. Thus, it was demonstrated that the improved sorption properties, obtained with Ru sub-layer based multi-layered NEGs, were related to a gettering process mechanism controlled simultaneously by gas adsorption and diffusion effects, contrarily to the single layer Ti/Si NEG structure in which the gettering behavior was controlled sequentially by surface gas adsorption until reaching saturation followed then by bulk diffusion controlled gas sorption process.
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Paes, Juliana L., Lêda R. A. Faroni, Marcio A. Martins, Onkar D. Dhingra, and Tales A. Silva. "Diffusion and sorption of allyl isothiocyanate in the process of fumigation of maize." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 15, no. 3 (March 2011): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662011000300011.
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The purpose of this work was to evaluate the transport of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) by means of the sorption mechanism and the diffusion of AITC through maize grains. The experimental procedure to study the sorption mechanism was conducted by injection of AITC in glass flasks containing the grains. Kinetic models of zero, first and second order were fitted to AITC concentration data, with the purpose of determining the sorption rate (k). For the study of diffusion, a prototype was utilized in which the components are a gas chamber and a cylindrical column in which the grains were stored. At the interval of 110 min, samples in the chamber and in the column were collected, which were immediately injected into the gas chromatograph. In order to determine the effective diffusion coefficient (Def) of AITC through maize grains, the term referring to the sorption rate was added to the diffusion equation. The kinetic model of the first order was the one that best fitted the experimental data for the sorption mechanism, and k was 6.26 x 10-4 s-1. The Def of AITC through grains was 7.2 x 10-3 cm² s-1. It was concluded that the transport of AITC through maize grains is slow, due to the low value of Def and high sorption rate of this component by the grains.
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Züttel, Andreas, D. Chartouni, Ch Nützenadel, L. Schlapbach, Volker Güther, Andrea Otto, M. Bärtsch, and R. Kötz. "Comparison of the Electrochemical- and Gas Phase Hydrogen Sorption Process." Materials Science Forum 315-317 (July 1999): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.315-317.84.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Gas sorption process"
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Rieger, Michael. "The alkali sorption process by solid sorbents at high temperature." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843101/.
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The aluminosilicate materials kaolinite, calcium montmorillonite and emathlite have been tested as solid sorbents for alkali vapour in controlled gaseous environments, in order to study their sorption characteristics. The study used pan pelletised and extruded pellets in single pellet and fixed bed reactor systems under gaseous environmental conditions containing water vapour, hydrogen chloride and nitrogen at a temperature of 850°C. The means of producing the pellets and the composition of the gaseous environment were shown to determine the sorption performance of the sorbent pellets. The physical properties of the pellet (particle size, total pore volume, surface area, crush strength) significantly affect the sorption effectiveness, while the formation of reaction products is dependent upon the sorbents' chemical composition and on the sorption conditions. Reaction products identified under the various sorption conditions indicated possible pathways for alkali capture. Hydrogen chloride mixtures were shown to cause a reverse of the sorption process for some sorbents. A leaching method for extracting sodium from treated pellets enabled the type of bonding to be determined but not necessarily the prime sorption mechanism. With the introduction of water vapour, some evidence was presented that the alkali sorption rate can change significantly. The previously reported effect of hydrogen chloride upon alkali capture by the sorbent material, calcium montmorillonite; shown by McLaughlin (1990) was confirmed and the effect was also investigated for emathlite and kaolinite. Reversibility depended upon the presence or absence of hydrogen chloride. Both water vapour and hydrogen chloride determine sorption activity and capacity. Likewise the structural characteristics of the pellet influences the sorption activity and capacity. The sorption process is not due to aluminosilicate reaction alone but also due to replacement mechanisms. Conclusions are drawn regarding mechanism and theoretical model proposed.
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Davies, Andrew James. "Spectroscopic studies of the Fischer-Tropsch process and gas sorption in metal organic frameworks." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.663251.
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An introduction to reaction intermediates and the techniques used to identify them in this Thesis is outlined. Additionally the Fischer-Tropsch reaction is also described. This reaction is the subject of the work presented in Chapters 2 to 4. Chapter 2 The development of a gas pulse initiated time-resolved lA rig is summarised in this Chapter. The effect of various experimental conditions on the duration of the pulse of gas within the IR cell was explored with the use of a KBr sample. Additionally, a repeat of two relevant studies from the literature was performed in order to validate the results obtained on this new rig. Chapter 3 This Chapter focuses on the Fischer-Tropsch reaction over Co/Ab03. A combination of both rapid-scan FTIA and point-by-point quantum cascade laser spectroscopy was used to elucidate the intermediates involved in the reaction. Transient lA bands in the organic carbonyl region were observed and tentatively assigned to the formation of formyl units on the Co surface, based upon the lA spectra of organometallic analogues. Additionally, 13CO pulsing, as well as studies into the effect of H2 on these bands, were performed in order to further support this identification. Kinetic traces were obtained at variable temperatures in order to obtain the activation energy parameters, which were then compared to the calculated barriers for possible intermediates reported in the literature. The reproducibility of the transients with successive pulses of CO was also probed. Due to the limited IR window, product formation was not observed and, therefore, these intermediates have yet to be definitively linked to the Fischer-Tropsch Reaction. This Chapter also investigates the effect of CO pulsing over two reduced Fe catalysts. Chapter 4 Investigations into the reaction of CO over Fe particles supported in a matrix at low temperature are reported in this Chapter. Metallic Fe nanoparticles embedded in a silica disc were cooled to 100 K under inert conditions and then exposed to CO gas. Rapid formation of carbonyls was observed. Despite being stable at 100 K, warming by a few degrees caused a rapid, partial dissociation of the carbonyl species. Further warming resulted in further dissociation. Chapter 5 This Chapter reports infrared investigations into the gas uptake of Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Unusual behaviour in the uptake of CO2 by a bifunctional MOF, Co(HL de), which exhibited a two-step uptake isotherm, was probed with FTIR. This was originally proposed to be due to two distinct forms of CO2, however IR spectra indicated that a single species of adsorbed CO2 was present within the pores of the MOF before and after the step. Additionally, S02 uptake in NOTT-202 and CO2, S02 and N02 in NOTT-300 was also probed.
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Ramkumar, Shwetha. "CALCIUM LOOPING PROCESSES FOR CARBON CAPTURE." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274882053.
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Idir, Anis. "Procédé thermochimique de production/stockage de froid pour le refroidissement et la valorisation de chaleur basse température de panneaux photovoltaïques." Thesis, Perpignan, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PERP0016.
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La technologie photovoltaïque (PV) est l’une des techniques de production d’électricité renouvelable la plus utilisée. La conversion photoélectrique génère cependant dans les cellules solaires une importante quantité de chaleur, entrainant une significative hausse de leur température de fonctionnement qui impacte fortement le rendement de conversion. Lorsque les panneaux opèrent dans des zones à fort ensoleillement et des conditions climatiques arides, les températures de fonctionnement atteignent des températures de 80°C à 100°C impactant également leur durabilité. Ainsi l’objectif des travaux de thèse réalisés repose sur l’amélioration de la conversion énergétique solaire par, d’une part, une limitation la hausse de température de fonctionnement des modules PV par un refroidissement actif pour en accroitre leurs performances électriques et d’autre par la valorisation en froid de l’énergie thermique générée par un procédé thermique à sorption de gaz. Le but visé est de démontrer la faisabilité technique d’un tel couplage et d’en évaluer la pertinence énergétique. Ainsi, un procédé à sorption de gaz exploitant une solution saturée, permettant d’exploiter la chaleur basse température générée des panneaux PV et la valoriser en froid a été défini, conçu, expérimenté et analysé. Un modèle numérique de ce couplage a été développé et a permis d’évaluer les performances électriques d’une centrale solaire et frigorifique du procédé à sorption couplé thermiquement, dans des conditions réalistes de fonctionnement. Un tel couplage qui permet ainsi une cogénération électricité/froid, montre ainsi qu’il est possible d’améliorer de 10.5 % le gain énergétique global en comparaison de celui de panneaux PV standard, tout en entrainant une faible perte exergétique globale de 1.3 % lié à la conversion supplémentaire de la chaleur en froidPhotovoltaic technology (PV) is one of the most widely used renewable electricity generation techniques. However, the photoelectric conversion process generates a large amount of heat in the solar cells, causing a significant increase in their operating temperature, which has a significant impact on the conversion efficiency. When the panels operate in areas with high solar irradiation and arid climatic conditions, the operating temperatures can reach 80°C to 100°C, which also impacts their durability. Thus, the objective of this thesis work is to improve the global solar energy conversion by limiting the operating temperature increase of PV modules through an active cooling in order to increase their electrical performance and to valorize in cold the thermal energy generated by a gas sorption thermal process. The aim is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of such a coupling and to evaluate its energy relevance. A gas sorption process exploiting a saturated solution, allowing to exploit the low temperature heat extracted from the PV panels and to valorize it in cold has thus been defined, designed, experimented and analyzed. A simulation tool has been developed to evaluate under realistic operating conditions the electrical performance a PV solar power plant and cooling performance of the thermally coupled sorption process. Such a coupling, which allows for electricity/cooling cogeneration, shows that it is possible to improve the overall energy gain by 10.5 % compared to that of standard PV panels, while resulting in a small overall energy loss of 1.3 % due to the additional conversion of heat to cold
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Albahrani, Abdullah Abdulmohsen A. "Modeling gas solubility in glassy polymers." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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Solubility of gas or vapor components in glassy polymers is relevant in numerous processes and applications, such as the development of gas separation membranes or gas barrier materials for packaging, analysis of gas sensors, piping of gaseous streams and many more. Modeling tools for the prediction of gas solubility in glassy polymers would be indeed of great help to the evaluation of performances of different materials in above mentioned applications. It would allow for a much more efficient selection procedure with respect to the direct experimental analysis which, in turn, would be not attainable at all for the case of complex gaseous mixture with variable temperature, pressure and gas composition. In fact, different from the case of rubbery polymers, glassy polymers are not at equilibrium state and effect of above process parameters are much more complex and highly non-linear. A thermodynamically consistent approach (NET-GP) was introduced around twenty years ago [Doghieri, F; Sarti, GC (1996) “Nonequilibrium lattice fluids: A predictive model for the solubility in glassy polymers” MACROMOLECULES, vol.29 (24), pag.7885-7896] to extend the application of standard equilibrium thermodynamic expression for free energy and chemical potential of polymer/solute systems below the glass transition temperature. The approach proved to be successful in the representation of effect of temperature, pressure and gas composition in glassy polymers, provided the equilibrium volumetric behavior of the latter is known, together with mass density in actual non-equilibrium conditions. For each polymeric species, experimental data for two distinct gaseous species in a relatively wide pressure range will be selected to retrieve model parameters for the given polymer. The model procedure will be then used to attempt for the prediction of gas solubility for all other gases of interest, at different pressure, for the same polymeric species.
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Camargo, Ricardo dos Santos. "Aplicação do Analytical Quality Assurance Cycle no desenvolvimento de método para análise de compostos voláteis e semivoláteis pelo acoplamento das técnicas Refrigerated Sorptive Extraction e Gas Chromatography (RSE/GC)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-17022017-142251/.
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Este trabalho visou a aplicação de uma ferramenta da qualidade chamada Analytical Quality Assurance Cycle, que engloba num ciclo: a Validação de Métodos, já bem conhecida do meio científico; o Cálculo de Incerteza Analítica e Controle de Qualidade Intralaboratorial, estes ainda pouco aplicados no meio acadêmico, mas que unidos se mostraram uma alternativa útil e poderosa para a garantia da qualidade de resultados de um laboratório de pesquisa e desenvolvimento universitário. O projeto de pesquisa que recebeu a aplicação da ferramenta buscava uma otimização de metodologia de extração de contaminantes, denominada Refrigerated Sorptive Extraction que é baseada em sorção por barra de polidimetilsiloxano, e posterior determinação do contaminantes voláteis e semivoláteis por um cromatógrafo a gás com detector de ionização em chama (GC/FID). Uma das otimizações comtemplou a miniaturização do protótipo, o que tornou possível utilizar a dessorção térmica diretamente no injetor do cromatógrafo, o que permitiu ao equipamento determinar concentrações cada vez mais baixas, como foi o caso dos compostos octilfenol e fluoranteno, alcançando a concentração de 0,5 µg L-1. A aplicação da metodologia foi realizada em amostras ambientais reais de água superficial, coletadas segundo os procedimentos descritos no Guia nacional de coleta e preservação de amostras publicado pela Agencia Nacional de Águas (ANA) e Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB). Como um adendo da etapa de Cálculo de Incerteza do ciclo, foram descritos os critérios para o Cálculo de Incerteza da Amostragem, de muita importância para a garantia da qualidade do resultado final. Foram encontrados alguns obstáculos para a aplicação do Analytical Quality Assurance Cycle, que exige a utilização de padrões analíticos com incerteza declarada (produzidos de acordo com a norma ISO Guia 34) e a calibração de equipamentos que interferem na qualidade dos resultados. Nesse trabalho não foi possível utilizar os padrões ISO Guia 34, mas através de um programa de verificação da balança analítica com peso-padrão calibrado em laboratório da Rede Brasileira de Calibração do Instituto Nacional de Metrologia e Qualidade Industrial (RBC/INMETRO), foi possível obter a Rastreabilidade Metrológica para as medições realizadas nas amostras coletadas. Apesar de todo o cuidado com a garantia da qualidade com as ferramentas aplicadas, a Rastreabilidade Metrológica por si só não consegue garantir a qualidade do resultado da medição integralmente. Portanto foi detectada a necessidade de implantar um Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade adaptado ao laboratório para prover a Rastreabilidade Documental que faltava. Foram utilizadas as normas NBR ISO/IEC 17025 e Boas Práticas de Laboratório para fornecer uma base para o sistema implantado. Enfim, todo esse trabalho foi dedicado a aproximar a Metrologia, a Garantia e o Controle da Qualidade aos laboratórios de pesquisa universitários, pois é imprescindível que esses conceitos sejam aplicados à academia para garantir a reprodutibilidade dos resultados gerados.This thesis presents an application of a quality tool called the Analytical Quality Assurance Cycle, which involves in a cycle: the Validation of Methods, already well known in the scientific environment, the Estimation of Analytical Uncertainty and Intralaboratorial Quality Control. These latter are few applied in the academic medium, but that united tools proved to be an useful and powerful alternative for a guarantee of the quality of results of research and development laboratories at universities. The research project that received the application of this tool sought an optimization of contamination extraction methodology, denominated Refrigerated Sorptive Extraction that is based on sorption by a polydimethylsiloxane bar, and subsequent determination of volatile and semivolatile contaminants by a gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC/FID). One of the optimizations contemplated the miniaturization of the prototype, which enabled the thermal desorption inside the injector of the chromatograph, which allowed the equipment to reach concentrations increasingly low, as was the case of the compounds octylphenol and fluoranthene, achieving a concentration of 0,5 µg L-1. The application of the methodology was carried out in samples of surface water collected according to the National Collection and Preservation Guide published by the Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA) and São Paulo State Environmental Company (CETESB). As an addendum of the Estimation of Uncertainty step in the cycle, was discussed the methods of Estimation of Uncertainty of the Sampling, that it is very important for a guarantee of the quality of the final result. Some challenges were found in the application of the Analytical Quality Assurance Cycle, which requires the use of analytical standards with declared uncertainty (made according the ISO Guide 34) and a calibration of equipment that interferes in the quality of the results. In this project, it is not used analytical standards with declared uncertainty, but the introduction of a program of verification of the analytical balance with standard weight calibrated in a laboratory of the Brazilian Calibration Network of the National Institute of Metrology and Industrial Quality (RBC/INMETRO) provides the Metrological Traceability for the measurements of the samples collected. Despite all the care taken with quality assurance with the applied tools, Metrological Traceability alone cannot guarantee the total quality of the measurement results. Thus, a need was detected to implement a Quality Management System adapted to the laboratory for a probable Documentary Traceability that was lacking. NBR ISO/IEC 17025 and Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) were used as a basis for the implanted system. Finally, all this work was dedicated to approximate the Metrology, the Guarantee and a Quality Control to the university research laboratories, for which these concepts are applied in the academy to guarantee the reproducibility of the generated results.
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Falconieri, Mariangela. "Solubilità e diffusione di gas in matrici miste per la separazione e cattura di CO2." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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The mixed matrix membrane Polysulfone-ZIF was studied to check the improvement on the selectivity on H2/CO2, H2/CH4, H2/N2 separation with respect to the pure PSf membrane.
Sorption experiments have been compared with results of permeation tests, to confirm values of solubility. Solubility was measured through the knowledge of the equilibrium pressure and Peng Robinson equation of state. Its value was unequivocally independent of how the gas uptake happened. Diffusivity values suffered from some arbitrariness because in some cases, especially for the composite membrane, the process was not Fickian. In order to overcome this, the short-time and long-time approximation were applied. Values were different from ones obtained in permeation experiments for the MMM since the kinetics is very much affected by the type of experiment. For N2, CH4, CO2 in pure PSf, the diffusion coefficients calculated from sorption experiments were similar to those evaluated from permeation, suggesting that the transport characteristic time is the same in both experiments. Helium presented a permeation kinetics faster: this can be because the helium molecule is able to permeate small preferential free volume pathways present in the polymer, inaccessible to the other larger gases. In the MMM, for N2 and CH4, the kinetics of permeation is faster than the kinetics of sorption. This can be caused by the presence of voids at the interface between polymer and filler and explains. Helium showed quite the same behaviour as in the pure PSf and this could be because the larger size of the free volume voids presents in the MMM when ZIF is added doesn't affect much its behaviour, due to its small size. About CO2, in the MMM the diffusion measured in permeation is slower than that measured in sorption. This could be due to the different chemical nature of CO2, which undergoes stronger interactions with ZIF-8.
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Fawzy, Mohamed Khaled Adel. "An experimental and modelling study of the capture of CO2 from gas mixtures with different techniques, with focus on multicomponent effects." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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In the present work, the deviations in the solubility of CO2, CH4, and N2 at 30 °c in the mixed gases (CO2/CH4) and (CO2/N2) from the pure gas behavior were studied using the dual-mode model over a wide range of equilibrium composition and pressure values in two glassy polymers. The first of which was PI-DAR which is the polyimide formed by the reaction between 4, 6-diaminoresorcinol dihydrochloride (DAR-Cl) and 2, 2’-bis-(3, 4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA). The other glassy polymer was TR-DAR which is the corresponding thermally rearranged polymer of PI-DAR. Also, mixed gas sorption experiments for the gas mixture (CO2/CH4) in TR-DAR at 30°c took place in order to assess the degree of accuracy of the dual-mode model in predicting the true mixed gas behavior. The experiments were conducted on a pressure decay apparatus coupled with a gas chromatography column.
On the other hand, the solubility of CO2 and CH4 in two rubbery polymers at 30⁰c in the mixed gas (CO2/CH4) was modelled using the Lacombe and Sanchez equation of state at various values of equilibrium composition and pressure. These two rubbery polymers were cross-linked poly (ethylene oxide) (XLPEO) and poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Moreover, data about the sorption of CO2 and CH4 in liquid methyl dietahnolamine MDEA that was collected from literature65-67 was used to determine the deviations in the sorption behavior in the mixed gas from that in the pure gases.
It was observed that the competition effects between the penetrants were prevailing in the glassy polymers while swelling effects were predominant in the rubbery polymers above a certain value of the fugacity of CO2. Also, it was found that the dual-mode model showed a good prediction of the sorption of CH4 in the mixed gas for small pressure values but in general, it failed to predict the actual sorption of the penetrants in the mixed gas.
Books on the topic "Gas sorption process"
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Shilyaev, Mihail, Elena Hromova, Aleksandr Bogomolov, A. Pavlenko, and V. Butov. Modeling of hydrodynamics and heat and mass transfer in dispersed media. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1865376.
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The monograph presents methods for calculating the dehydration of wet granular materials in industrial centrifuges, filter presses and vacuum filters under the influence of gravitational forces, as well as by purging the granular layer with dry air with elevated temperature; physical and mathematical models of gas absorption and the theory of capturing submicron dust by condensation in foam, centrifugal bubbling apparatus and hollow nozzle scrubbers, packing columns and tubular absorbers; physical and mathematical models of dry adsorption of gases in packing columns and flues by injecting a dispersed adsorbent into the flow are presented, a method for determining the phase equilibrium constants of sorption processes based on the developed models is proposed; physical and mathematical modeling and analysis of the combustion process of dispersed solid ash fuel in a four-stage cyclone gorenje is carried out. the furnace.
It can be useful in the educational process for a number of specialties, in particular thermal power engineering, chemical-technological, metallurgical profiles, environmentalists, as well as for researchers and graduate students and in engineering practice.
Book chapters on the topic "Gas sorption process"
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Allam, Rodney J., Robert Chiang, Jeffrey R. Hufton, Peter Middleton, Edward L. Weist, and Vince White. "Development of the Sorption Enhanced Water Gas Shift Process." In Carbon Dioxide Capture for Storage in Deep Geologic Formations, 227–56. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044570-0/50099-4.
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Schilling, H., and W. Hinz. "Conception of a New Adsorption Process for Purifying Landfill Gas for the Kapiteltal Landfill Site, West Germany." In New Directions in Sorption Technology, 75–92. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-409-90183-2.50009-7.
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Munene Mwaniki, Joseph. "Adsorption and Its Applications: Using Zinc Adsorption on Water Hyacinth to Elaborate the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Adsorption." In Sorption - From Fundamentals to Applications. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104293.
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Adsorption is a technique for removing adsorbate from the liquid or gas phase using adsorbents. The adsorbent is solid while the adsorbate can either be dissolved in liquid or gas. Adsorption has attracted the attention of many researchers because of its wide applicability in water and air purification, environment friendly, effectiveness, and ease to design as compared with the other methods. Activated carbon has been used as an effective adsorbent. However, its application is limited since it’s expensive. This has necessitated research interest in other materials that are safe and economical instead of commercial activated carbon. Some of the materials that have been successfully tested include sawdust, silica gel, zeolites, clay minerals and oxides, nanomaterial, agricultural by-products, biological waste, ion exchange resins and water hyacinth, etc. Although some of these materials are effective, they are not readily available. The kinetics of adsorption is done through testing the adsorption data against standard kinetic models and the model with the best line of fit, based on the values of coefficient of determination (R2) is selected. The adsorption process is described using isotherms such as Freundlich and Langmuir. This chapter sheds more light on adsorption, the most common adsorbents, kinetic models, isotherms, and adsorption applicability.
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HUFTON, J., R. ALLAM, R. CHIANG, P. MIDDLETON, E. WEIST, and V. WHITE. "Development of a process for CO2 capture from gas turbines using a sorption enhanced water gas shift reactor system." In Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 7, 253–61. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044704-9/50026-4.
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"Membrane Reactors for Water-Gas Shift." In Sorption Enhanced Reaction Processes, 169–258. WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781786343574_0003.
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Trisunaryanti, Wega, Karna Wijaya, Desi Suryani, and Uswatul Chasanah. "The Effect of HNO3 and/or NaOH Treatments on Characteristics of Mordenite." In Advances in Geopolymers Synthesis and Characterization [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96444.
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Modification of mordenite had been performed by HNO3 and/or NaOH treatments and used as a catalyst in the hydrotreating of pyrolyzed α-cellulose. The Si/Al ratio of mordenites was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), the acidity was gravimetrically determined using ammonium vapor adsorption, the crystallinity was identified by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and pore characters of mordenites (BHM, BAM0.1, and BAM0.5) were analyzed using Gas Sorption Analyzed (GSA). Catalytic activity and selectivity of the mordenites were evaluated in the hydrotreating of pyrolyzed α-cellulose under 20 mL minute−1 H2 gas flow at 450 °C for 2 h with the weight ratio of catalyst:feed was 1:60. The liquid products were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC–MS). The acidity of mordenites decreased along with the increase of Si/Al rasio, except for the AM0.1 mordenite. The average pore diameter of BHM, BAM0.1 and BAM0.5 was 2.96; 3.34 and 4.53 nm, respectively. The BAM0.1 showed the highest catalytic activity in producing liquid fraction (64.04 wt%). The BAM0.5 showed the highest catalytic selectivity towards biofuels, i.e. 1-pentene 0.44 (wt%); 2-heptyne 2.75 (wt%) and 1-propanol 3.05 (wt%) from the hydrotreating process of pyrolyzed α-cellulose.
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"Gas-phase Adsorptive Reactor for Hydrogen Production Processes." In Sorption Enhanced Reaction Processes, 45–168. WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781786343574_0002.
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Boon, Jurriaan, Kai Coenen, Eric van Dijk, Paul Cobden, Fausto Gallucci, and Martin van Sint Annaland. "Sorption-Enhanced Water–Gas Shift." In Sorption Enhancement of Chemical Processes, 1–96. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.ache.2017.07.004.
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Bortiatynski, Jacqueline M., and Patrick G. Hatcher. "The Development of 13C Labeling and 13C NMR Spectroscopy Techniques to Study the Interaction of Pollutants with Humic Substances." In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Environment Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097511.003.0007.
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Modern agricultural practices have contributed to the accumulation of herbicides, pesticides and their decomposition products in the soil. These pollutants are known to interact with soil organic matter to form covalent and/or noncovalent bonding associations. The covalent bonds are thought to result from addition or oxidative coupling reactions, some of which may be catalyzed by oxidoreductive enzymes. Noncovalent associations include such interactions as ion exchange, hydrogen bonding, protonation, charge transfer, ligand exchange, coordination through metal ions, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic bonding. The association of pollutants with soil organic matter is an area of study that is of extreme interest for two reasons. First, dissolved organic matter present in lakes and streams is known to enhance the solubility of pollutants, which poses a real threat to the quality of fresh water supplies. Therefore, if we are to predict the movement of pollutants in the water table we need to have a mechanistic understanding of their interactions with dissolved humic materials. Second, early studies had indicated that some pollutants chemically bind to humic materials, thus reducing the risk of further transport and dispersion. If this chemical binding of the pollutants is irreversible, then this process may serve as a natural means for their detoxification. Regardless of the type of association, the first task in any mechanistic study is to characterize the reaction products structurally. In the case of noncovalent binding mechanisms, studies have focused on the physical characteristics of the process and not on the structure of the associated pollutant. Association studies are used to determine the sorption kinetics and transport of pollutants as well as their association constants. These types of studies utilize various techniques such as batch sorption, gas-purge desorption, column adsorption, and miscible displacement. All of these techniques are only capable of providing quantitative information on the amount of pollutant sorbed by a substrate. The study of the covalent binding of pollutants to humic substances has utilized 14C labeling in addition to various spectrometric techniques such as ultraviolet (UV) difference, fluorescence polarization and infrared (IR) spectroscopy.
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Fathy Mubarak, Mahmoud, Alshimaa Maher Ahmed, and Sahar saad Gabr. "Nanoporous Carbon Materials toward Phenolic Compounds Adsorption." In Nanopores [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96380.
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Nanoporous carbon-based sorbents are used to generate a three-dimensional real-space model of the nanoporous structure using the concept of Gaussian random fields. This pore model is used to derive important pore size characteristics, which are cross-validated against the corresponding values from gas sorption analysis. After filling the model pore structure with an aqueous electrolyte and rearranging the ions via a Monte Carlo simulation for different applied adsorption potentials. In comparison to nanopores formed from solid-state membranes (e.g., silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, polymer membranes, glass, hafnium oxide, gold, etc.) and very recently 2D materials (e.g., boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, etc.), those nanopores produced from carbon materials (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), diamond, etc.), especially those from graphene appear to be perfect for adsorption process. The thickness of carbon structures nanopores can be as thin as 0.35 nm, resembling the height of the base spacing. Moreover, the sizes of carbon structures nanopores can be precisely fabricated and tuned to around 1.0 nm, the similar size of many heavy metals and organic pollutants molecules. Furthermore, carbon materials are chemically stable and feature-rich surface chemistry. Therefore, various carbon nanopore sequencing techniques have been developed. Finally, in this chapter the adsorption of phenolic compounds on nanoporous carbon specifically the active carbon are overviewed and how to affect the heterogeneity of activated carbon surface, PH of the solution on the efficiency of adsorption.
Conference papers on the topic "Gas sorption process"
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Enab, Khaled, and Hamid Emami-Meybodi. "Impact of Reservoir Fluid and Injection Gas on Shales Huff-N-Puff Performance in the Presence of Diffusion, Sorption, and Hysteresis." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206194-ms.
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Abstract We assess the huff-n-puff performance in ultratight reservoirs (shales) by conducting large-scale numerical simulations for a wide range of reservoir fluid types (retrograde condensate, volatile oil, black oil) and different injection gases (CO2, C2H6, C3H8) by considering relative permeability hysteresis, diffusion, and sorption. A dual-porosity naturally fractured numerical compositional model is used that considers molecular diffusion and sorption to represent the flow mechanisms during the injection process. Killough's method, Langmuir's adsorption model, and Sigmund correlation are utilized to incorporate hysteresis, sorption, and diffusion, respectively. To investigate the impact of the fluid type, we consider three fluid types from Eagle Ford shale representing retrograde condensate, volatile oil, and black oil. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of diffusion, sorption, and hysteresis on the production performance and retention of each fluid and injection gas. Eagle Ford formation is selected because it is the most actively developed shale, and it contains a wide span of PVT windows from dry gas to black oil. The simulation results show that the huff-n-puff process improves the oil recovery by 4-6% when 10% PV of gas is injected. The huff-n-puff efficiency increases with reducing gas-oil-ratio (GOR) as oil recovery from low (GOR) reservoirs is doubled, while recovery from retrograde condensate increased by 20%. C2H6 provides the highest recovery for the black and volatile oil, and CO2 provides the highest recovery for retrograde condensate fluid type. Diffusion and sorption are essential mechanisms to be considered when modeling gas injection to any fluid type in shales. However, the relative permeability hysteresis effect is not significant. Neglecting diffusion during the huff-n-puff process underestimates the oil recovery and retention capacity. The diffusion effect on the oil density reduction is observed more during the soaking period. The diffusion impact increases with higher GOR reservoirs, while the sorption impact decreases with higher GOR. The retention capacity of the injected gas decreases with higher GOR. The diffusion impact on the retention capacity increases with higher GOR. Hence sorption and diffusion must be considered when modeling the huff-n-puff process in ultratight reservoirs.
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Liu, Zizhong, and Hamid Emami-Meybodi. "Gas Transport Modeling in Organic-Rich Nanoporous Media with Nonequilibrium Sorption Kinetics." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210221-ms.
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Abstract We present a mathematical model for one-dimensional gas transport in organic-rich nanoporous media subject to nonequilibrium sorption. The model is developed from two governing equations to simulate Knudsen diffusion and viscous flow in the free phase, and surface diffusion in the sorbed phase. The pore space is shared between the free and sorbed phases by defining concentration-dependent free- and sorbed-phase volume fractions. The governing equations are coupled through a source/sink term described by a kinetic sorption model. The impact of the reduced effective pore space and sorption on free-phase mass transfer is characterized by defining effective diffusion coefficients. The governing equations are numerically solved based on the finite element method. The diffusion model is utilized to analyze the temporal and spatial concentration data obtained using X-ray micro-CT scans from two experiments, including Krypton transport into a coal sample and Xenon uptake into a shale sample. The proposed model can closely reproduce total concentration profiles in both experiments. The model also captures the concentration peak in Xe-shale system due to the significant nonequilibrium sorption and slower process of reaching equilibrium. The results show that surface diffusion dominates the total mass transport in Xe-shale system with higher adsorption affinity. In Kr-coal system with lower adsorption affinity, the sorbed phase contributes significantly to the total mass transport mostly at high pressures. In addition, the sorbed phase can occupy up to 30% of pore space, which reduces the free-phase diffusion coefficient by 40% in Xe-shale and 80% in Kr-coal. Accordingly, neglecting the sorbed-phase volume in nanoporous media may overestimate the effective free-phase diffusion coefficient.
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Prokopiev, K. E., I. V. Kazanin, and V. N. Zinovyev. "STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SORPTION MATERIAL PACKAGING ON THE PROCESS OF HELIUM EXTRACTION FROM GAS MIXTURES." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE METHODS OF AEROPHYSICAL RESEARCH. Novosibirsk: Издательство Сибирского отделения РАН, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53954/9785604788974_133.
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Maklusova, Marina Sergeevna, Maria Konstantinovna Kosheleva, and Olga Roaldovna Dornyak. "Modeling of kinetics of drying process of polycaproamide granules considering its sorption properties." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7553.
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The object of research is a fiber-forming polymer - polycaproamide. The process of drying of polycaproamide granules, after aqueous extraction of low-molecular compounds from them, is an important stage of producing of polyamide fiber nylon and largely determines the quality of the target product. To obtain a high-quality fiber, the drying of the granules should provide a sufficiently high degree of its dehydration. The average final moisture content of the material should be no more than 0.1%. With a low moisture content, the drying process slows down, so the calculation of the kinetics of dewatering of granules can not be carried out using a constant effective mass-transfer coefficient (moisture diffusion). In this paper we present a calculation technique for determining two local parameters of mass transfer: the water diffusion coefficient in polycaproamide (as a liquid) and the so-called criterion for phase transitions, which depend on the moisture content of the material and are determined by its sorption properties. The report presents the results of numerical calculations illustrating the development of two-dimensional fields of moisture content, temperature, pressure and vapor concentration in the vapor-gas phase for cylindrical granules in convective drying. To describe the processes of heat and mass transfer during the drying of granules, a nonstationary nonlinear 2D model is used that includes transport equations averaged over the microvolume of the material: the liquid phase transfer equation; heat equation; equation for vapor-gas phase pressure; equation for the concentration of the vapor component. The nonstationary nonlinear conjugate mathematical model is studied numerically. A feature of the presented model is the possibility of an analytical calculation of the local mass transfer coefficients of a liquid, taking into account the sorption properties of the material, the permeability coefficient and the local values of humidity and temperature. Determination of the local coefficients of moisture transfer is carried out on the basis of the formulas obtained in the analysis of a more general mathematical model of heat and mass transfer carried out based on the mechanics of multiphase systems developed in the works of R.I. Nigmatulin, and S. Whitaker. The structure of the samples was investigated by three independent methods in order to obtain the most complete idea of it and to compare the obtained characteristics. The isotherms of the sorption of polycaproamide were obtained experimentally on a vacuum sorption plant with Mac-Ben-Bakr weights. Comparison of the results of mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer in the granule and data of the laboratory experiment on the kinetics of polycaproamide granule drying showed good agreement between the calculated and experimental data. The constructed mathematical model allows to form energy-efficient resource-saving regimes for drying granules of polycaproamide.Keywords: convective drying, mathematical modeling, polycaproamide.
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Burra, K. G., and A. K. Gupta. "Sorption Enhanced Steam Reforming of Propane Using Calcium Looping." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3621.
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Sorption enhanced steam reforming of propane over Ni catalyst using in-situ carbonation of CaO provides both carbon capture, and enhanced H2 content in the product gas, and enhanced carbon conversion efficiency. Choosing propane over methane for sorption enhanced reforming provides easier fuel handling capability and higher throughput of H2 per unit volume of fuel. Such advantages help in building domestic scale hydrogen production source for sustainable energy production. The effect of propane addition on CaO carbonation and poisoning possibilities in reformation integrated with CO2 capture is explored in a packed-bed reactor. The motivation of propane addition is to model petroleum gas to address the feasibility of carbon capture integration with hydrocarbon reforming processes. Initially, different partial pressures of steam and propane will be used to study the kinetic parameters in a fixed bed reactor at different temperatures. The formed kinetic models will be used to compare the integrated CO2 capture results and the thermodynamic results to evaluate the efficiencies of such process. Higher temperatures provide better conversion efficiency, but the equilibrium of CaO carbonation suggests steam reforming enhancement and CO2 capture needs to be below 1073 K in order to avoid the backward reaction of CaCO3 releasing CO2. The balance between endothermic reformation reaction and exothermic water-gas shift and CaO carbonation reactions is the optimizing parameter for improved conversion to high H2 content. Temperatures higher than 873 K provided higher conversion with lower CO2 capture and H2 content while lower than 873 K provided lower methane conversion and higher CO2 capture and H2 content. Increase in steam to carbon ratio increased CH4 conversion and reduced CO content without affecting sorption with no further reduction in CO2 observed for most of the sorption cycle. These results supplement the available data in the literature to provide superior reaction conditions to improve the process efficiency in hydrogen production.
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Gavrilov, Anton Yurievich, Alexandra Alexandrovna Bandaletova, Natalia Alekseevna Devleshova, Evgeny Vladimirovich Galin, Mikhail Olegovich Pisarev, and Dmitry Alexandrovich Liss. "Recovery of Lithium from Associated Water of Oil and Gas Deposits." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206571-ms.
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Abstract Current production conditions and development of oil fields are complicated by the development of increasingly difficult-to-recover reserves as well as by the consequences of 2020, which include a change in the structure of demand and a collapse of the oil market, the global trend towards low-carb fuel systems and the implementation of the principles of environmental, social and managerial responsibility (ESG). This research paper is focused on diversification of the oil and gas business by extracting lithium from reservoir waters of oil and gas condensate fields. This method allows to increase the profitability of deposits. The paper also carries out a technical and economic assessment of the process of the sorption lithium extraction from the formation waters of oil fields.
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Wang, Xiaoxi, Vipin Kumar, and Wei Li. "A Study of PLA Crystallization During Solid-State Foaming." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42547.
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Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer that can be used in many applications such as tissue engineering scaffolds and packaging. The crystallinity of PLA is an important factor that affects its process-ability, mechanical strength, and biodegradability. The solid-state foaming of semi-crystalline PLA has been a subject of recent investigations. In this paper, crystallization through out the solid state foaming process was studied. It was found that the crystallization reaches the equilibrium once the gas sorption reaches the equilibrium. There are two main factors that will affect the PLA crystallization: gas sorption during the saturation stage and the heating and stretching during the foaming stage. Within the range of 2 to 5 MPa saturation pressures and 60 to 100 °C foaming temperatures, a maximum crystallinity of approx. 25% was observed in the foamed PLA. Effects of stretching and foaming temperature on crystallinity of foamed specimens were also investigated.
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Margraf, Ruediger. "Conditioning Rotor–Recycle Process With Particle Conditioning: A Simple and Effective Process for the Gas Cleaning Downstream Waste Incinerators." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3556.
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Following to the tightening of emission limit values in Europe between 1980 and 1990, complex, multi-stage plants have been installed for the gas cleaning systems downstream of waste incinerators. As a result of the extremely high investment and operating costs, a waste incineration was no longer economical. Due to the consistent advancement of semi-dry procedures, high-efficient cleaning systems could be developed, with reliable observance of the requested emission limit values at considerably lower investment and operating costs. The Conditioning Rotor–Recycle Process with particle conditioning offers such a procedure. It mainly comprises the component parts for additive powder injection (CaO / Ca(OH)2, AC), reaction chamber with conditioning rotor, fabric filter and multiple particle re-circulation with wetting of recycled particulate prior to reinjection into reactor. This system allows the simultaneous separation of particles, heavy metals, incl. mercury and mercury compounds, acid crude gas components such as HF, HCl, SOx as well as dioxins / furans. The approx. 50fold particle re-circulation combined with the wetting of the recycled particulate grants the high effectiveness of this system with regard to the separation capacity and the additive powder consumption. The efficiency is described on the basis of several application examples from the field of waste incinerators. The presentation includes among other things the degrees of separation and the emission limit values in comparison with definitely more complex scrubbing systems. The process is also provided with an up-to-date control device for the additive powder injection. Based on crude gas measurements of the acid crude gas components, HCl and SOx, as well as on measurements of the volume flow, the additive powder is injected in dosed quantities in accordance with a given stoichiometric factor. The control concept is explained by means of a practical example. Furthermore, results will be presented, showing the advantages of the Conditioning Rotor – Recycle Process with particle conditioning relating to the expenses for consumable supplies, compared to a conventional spray sorption for the separation of acid crude gas components, as used for many plants in the USA. A comparison of the emission limit values for waste incinerators in the USA and Europe shows, that the presented process is also suited for the American market and offers cost advantages for the operators of waste incinerators.
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Murthy, S. Srinivasa. "Heat and Mass Transfer Issues in the Design of Solid State Hydrogen Storage Devices." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23345.
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Metal hydrides are formed when certain metals or alloys are exposed to hydrogen at favorable temperatures and pressures. In order to sustain the sorption of hydrogen during this exothermic process, the generated heat has to be removed effectively. Release of hydrogen is an endothermic process needing supply of heat to the metal hydride matrix. Depending on the application, the heat transfer medium can be either a liquid or a gas. Reduction of the total weight of hydrogen storage devices is essential towards utilization of hydrogen for mobile and portable applications. While a variety of new storage materials with desirable sorption characteristics are being suggested, optimal thermal design of the storage device remains a major challenge. Lack of thermodynamic, transport and thermophysical property data of the material particles and of the bed is another drawback which needs to be addressed.
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Spinner, B., D. Stitou, and N. Mazet. "New Sorption Cycles for Heat and/or Cold Production Adapted for Long Distance Heat Transmission." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33407.
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The analysis of the combinations of dipoles, linked by a gas transfer between an endothermic element and an exothermal element, through an exothermal physical-chemical process in thermal contact with an other endothermic process, is the basis of a new process for the transmission at long distance of heat/cold production. The yield of such cycles is identified through the values of the unused exergy, the untapped exergy and the exergy which is produced in excess by the process.
Reports on the topic "Gas sorption process"
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Shivaji Sircar, Hugo S. Caram, Kwangkook Jeong, Michael G. Beaver, Fan Ni, and Agbor Tabi Makebe. Novel Sorption Enhanced Reaction Process for Simultaneous Production of CO2 and H2 from Synthesis Gas Produced by Coal Gasification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1035862.
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Wan, Jiamin. Sorption of Colloids, Organics, and Metals onto Gas-Water Interfaces: Transport Processes and Potential Remediation Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828351.
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Wan, J. Sorption of colloids, organics, and metals onto gas-water, interfaces: Transport processes and potential remediation technology. 1997 annual progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/13548.
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