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1
Tittl, Andreas, Harald Giessen, and Na Liu. "Plasmonic gas and chemical sensing." Nanophotonics 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2014-0002.
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AbstractSensitive and robust detection of gases and chemical reactions constitutes a cornerstone of scientific research and key industrial applications. In an effort to reach progressively smaller reagent concentrations and sensing volumes, optical sensor technology has experienced a paradigm shift from extended thin-film systems towards engineered nanoscale devices. In this size regime, plasmonic particles and nanostructures provide an ideal toolkit for the realization of novel sensing concepts. This is due to their unique ability to simultaneously focus light into subwavelength hotspots of the electromagnetic field and to transmit minute changes of the local environment back into the farfield as a modulation of their optical response. Since the basic building blocks of a plasmonic system are commonly noble metal nanoparticles or nanostructures, plasmonics can easily be integrated with a plethora of chemically or catalytically active materials and compounds to investigate processes ranging from hydrogen absorption in palladium to the detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT). In this review, we will discuss a multitude of plasmonic sensing strategies, spanning the technological scale from simple plasmonic particles embedded in extended thin films to highly engineered complex plasmonic nanostructures. Due to their flexibility and excellent sensing performance, plasmonic structures may open an exciting pathway towards the detection of chemical and catalytic events down to the single molecule level.
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Tabassum, Shawana, SK Nayemuzzaman, Manish Kala, Akhilesh Kumar Mishra, and Satyendra Kumar Mishra. "Metasurfaces for Sensing Applications: Gas, Bio and Chemical." Sensors 22, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 6896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186896.
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Performance of photonic devices critically depends upon their efficiency on controlling the flow of light therein. In the recent past, the implementation of plasmonics, two-dimensional (2D) materials and metamaterials for enhanced light-matter interaction (through concepts such as sub-wavelength light confinement and dynamic wavefront shape manipulation) led to diverse applications belonging to spectroscopy, imaging and optical sensing etc. While 2D materials such as graphene, MoS2 etc., are still being explored in optical sensing in last few years, the application of plasmonics and metamaterials is limited owing to the involvement of noble metals having a constant electron density. The capability of competently controlling the electron density of noble metals is very limited. Further, due to absorption characteristics of metals, the plasmonic and metamaterial devices suffer from large optical loss. Hence, the photonic devices (sensors, in particular) require that an efficient dynamic control of light at nanoscale through field (electric or optical) variation using substitute low-loss materials. One such option may be plasmonic metasurfaces. Metasurfaces are arrays of optical antenna-like anisotropic structures (sub-wavelength size), which are designated to control the amplitude and phase of reflected, scattered and transmitted components of incident light radiation. The present review put forth recent development on metamaterial and metastructure-based various sensors.
3
Kalvoda, Ladislav, Jaroslava Jakoubková, Milan Burda, Pavel Kwiecien, Ivan Richter, and Jaromír Kopeček. "Fiber Optic Sensor of Ammonia Gas Using Plasmonic Extraordinary Optical Transmission." Sensors 23, no. 8 (April 18, 2023): 4065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23084065.
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While standard surface plasmon resonance (bio) sensing, relaying on propagating surface plasmon polariton sensitivity on homogeneous metal/dielectric boundaries, represents nowadays a routine sensing technique, other alternatives, such as inverse designs with nanostructured plasmonic periodic hole arrays, have been far less studied, especially in the context of gas sensing applications. Here, we present a specific application of such a plasmonic nanostructured array for ammonia gas sensing, based on a combination of fiber optics, extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) effect, and chemo-optical transducer selectively sensitive to ammonia gas. The nanostructured array of holes is drilled in a thin plasmonic gold layer by means of focused ion beam technique. The structure is covered by chemo-optical transducer layer showing selective spectral sensitivity towards gaseous ammonia. Metallic complex of 5-(4′-dialkylamino-phenylimino)-quinoline-8-one dye soaked in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix is used in place of the transducer. Spectral transmission of the resulting structure and its changes under exposition to ammonia gas of various concentrations is then interrogated by fiber optics tools. The observed VIS-NIR EOT spectra are juxtaposed to the predictions performed by the rigorous Fourier modal method (FMM), providing useful theoretical feedback to the experimental data, and ammonia gas sensing mechanism of the whole EOT system and its parameters are discussed.
4
Maciak, Erwin. "Palladium thin films for plasmonic hydrogen gas sensing." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.914.
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In this study, I prepared BK7 glass slides coated by palladium (Pd) layer by PVD technique. These samples have been employed as plasmon active structures in classic Kretschmann-based SPR set-up. The application of H2 sensing structures based on palladium plasmonic active thin films have been tested and investigated. Hydrogen sensing properties of Pd films were investigated at room temperature The reflectances of p-polarized light from Pd thin films as a function of angle of incidence and wavelength were measured in synthetic air (or nitrogen) and in gas mixtures including hydrogen. Variations of the reflectance in the presence of hydrogen gas at room temperature revealed that the samples can sense hydrogen in a wide range of concentration (0–2% vol/vol) without saturation behavior. The dynamic properties with various concentration of H2 at low temperature and dry gas mixtures was investigated and the effects of these factors on the hydrogen sensing properties were analyzed. Full Text: PDF ReferencesG. Korotcenkov, Handbook of Gas Sensor Materials: Properties, Advantages, and Shortcomings for Applications (Springer, New York 2013). CrossRef W. Jakubik, M. Urbanczyk, E. Maciak, "SAW hydrogen gas sensor based on WO3 and Pd nanostructures", Procedia Chemistry 1 (1), 200 (2009). CrossRef W. Jakubik, M. Urbanczyk, E. Maciak, T. Pustelny, "Bilayer Structures of NiOx and Pd in Surface Acoustic Wave and Electrical Gas Sensor Systems", Acta Physica Polonica A 116(3), 315 (2009). CrossRef E. Maciak, Z. Opilski, "Pd/V2O5 fiber optic hydrogen gas sensor", J. Phys. France IV 129, 137 (2005). CrossRef E. Maciak,. "Fiber optic sensor for H2 gas detection in the presence of methane based on Pd/WO3 low-coherence interferometric structure", Proc. SPIE 10455, UNSP 104550W (2017). CrossRef X. Bevenot, A. Truillet, C. Veillas, H. Gagnaire, M. Clement, "Hydrogen leak detection using an optical fibre sensor for aerospace applications", Sens. Actuators B 67, 57 (2000). CrossRef J. Homola, S.S. Yee, G. Gauglitz, "Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review", Sensors and Actuators B 54, 3 (1999). CrossRef H. Raether, Surface plasmons on smooth and rough surfaces and on gratings (Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg 1988). CrossRef P. Tobiska, O. Hugon, A. Trouillet, H.Gagnarie, "An integrated optic hydrogen sensor based on SPR on palladium", Sensors and Actuators, B 74, 168 (2001). CrossRef Z. Opilski, E. Maciak, "Optical hydrogen sensor employing the phenomenon of the surface plasmons resonance in the palladium layer", Proc. SPIE 5576, 202 (2004). CrossRef T. Pustelny, E. Maciak, Z. Opilski, A. Piotrowska, E. Papis, K. Golaszewska, "Investigation of the ZnO sensing structure on NH3 action by means of the surface plasmon resonance method", European Physical Journal-Special Topics 154, 165 (2008). CrossRef E. Maciak, M. Procek, K. Kępska, A. Stolarczyk, "Study of optical and electrical properties of thin films of the conducting comb-like graft copolymer of polymethylsiloxane with poly(3-hexyltiophene) and poly(ethylene) glycol side chains for low temperature NO2 sensing", Thin Solid Films 618, 277 (2016). CrossRef
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An, Tongge, Jiahong Wen, Zhichao Dong, Yongjun Zhang, Jian Zhang, Faxiang Qin, Yaxin Wang, and Xiaoyu Zhao. "Plasmonic Biosensors with Nanostructure for Healthcare Monitoring and Diseases Diagnosis." Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010445.
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Nanophotonics has been widely utilized in enhanced molecularspectroscopy or mediated chemical reaction, which has major applications in the field of enhancing sensing and enables opportunities in developing healthcare monitoring. This review presents an updated overview of the recent exciting advances of plasmonic biosensors in the healthcare area. Manufacturing, enhancements and applications of plasmonic biosensors are discussed, with particular focus on nanolisted main preparation methods of various nanostructures, such as chemical synthesis, lithography, nanosphere lithography, nanoimprint lithography, etc., and describing their respective advances and challenges from practical applications of plasmon biosensors. Based on these sensing structures, different types of plasmonic biosensors are summarized regarding detecting cancer biomarkers, body fluid, temperature, gas and COVID-19. Last, the existing challenges and prospects of plasmonic biosensors combined with machine learning, mega data analysis and prediction are surveyed.
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Lv, Jiangtao, Eunice Sok Ping Leong, Xiaoxiao Jiang, Shanshan Kou, Haitao Dai, Jiao Lin, Yan Jun Liu, and Guangyuan Si. "Plasmon-Enhanced Sensing: Current Status and Prospects." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/474730.
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By combining different plasmonic nanostructures with conventional sensing configurations, chemical/biosensors with significantly enhanced device performance can be achieved. The fast development of plasmon-assisted devices benefits from the advance of nanofabrication technology. In this review, we first briefly show the experimental configurations for testing plasmon enhanced sensing signals and then summarize the classic nanogeometries which are extensively used in sensing applications. By design, dramatic increment of optical signals can be obtained and further applied to gas, refractive index and liquid sensing.
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Manera, Maria Grazia, Gabriele Giancane, Simona Bettini, Ludovico Valli, Victor Borovkov, Adriano Colombelli, Daniela Lospinoso, and Roberto Rella. "MagnetoPlasmonic Waves/HOMO-LUMO Free π-Electron Transitions Coupling in Organic Macrocycles and Their Effect in Sensing Applications." Chemosensors 9, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9100272.
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Optical and magneto-optical surface plasmon resonance (MOSPR) characterization and preliminary sensing test onto single- and multi-layers of two organic macrocycles have been performed; TbPc2(OC11H21)8 phthalocyanine and CoCoPo2 porphyrin were deposited by the Langmuir-Schäfer (LS) technique onto proper Au/Co/Au magneto-optical transducers. Investigations of the MOSPR properties in Kretschmann configuration by angular modulation, gives us an indication about the potential discrimination of two organic macrocycles with absorption electronic transition in and out of the propagating plasmon energy spectral range. An improved molecular vapors sensitivity increase by the MOSPR sensing probe can be demonstrated depending on the overlap between the plasmonic probe energy and the absorption electronic transitions of the macrocycles under investigation. If the interaction between the plasmon energy and molecular HOMO-LUMO transition is preserved, a variation in the complex refractive index takes place. Under this condition, the magneto-plasmonic effect reported as 1/|MOSPR| signal allows us to increase the detection of molecules deposited onto the plasmonic transducer and their gas sensing capacity. The detection mechanism appears strongly enhanced if the Plasmon Wave/HOMO-LUMO transitions energy are in resonance. Under coupling conditions, a different volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensing capability has been demonstrated using n-butylamine as the trial molecule.
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Meira, Diana I., Manuela Proença, Rita Rebelo, Ana I. Barbosa, Marco S. Rodrigues, Joel Borges, Filipe Vaz, Rui L. Reis, and Vitor M. Correlo. "Chitosan Micro-Membranes with Integrated Gold Nanoparticles as an LSPR-Based Sensing Platform." Biosensors 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12110951.
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Currently, there is an increasing need to develop highly sensitive plasmonic sensors able to provide good biocompatibility, flexibility, and optical stability to detect low levels of analytes in biological media. In this study, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were dispersed into chitosan membranes by spin coating. It has been demonstrated that these membranes are particularly stable and can be successfully employed as versatile plasmonic platforms for molecular sensing. The optical response of the chitosan/Au NPs interfaces and their capability to sense the medium’s refractive index (RI) changes, either in a liquid or gas media, were investigated by high-resolution localized surface plasmon resonance (HR-LSPR) spectroscopy, as a proof of concept for biosensing applications. The results revealed that the lowest polymer concentration (chitosan (0.5%)/Au-NPs membrane) presented the most suitable plasmonic response. An LSPR band redshift was observed as the RI of the surrounding media was incremented, resulting in a sensitivity value of 28 ± 1 nm/RIU. Furthermore, the plasmonic membrane showed an outstanding performance when tested in gaseous atmospheres, being capable of distinguishing inert gases with only a 10−5 RI unit difference. The potential of chitosan/Au-NPs membranes was confirmed for application in LSPR-based sensing applications, despite the fact that further materials optimization should be performed to enhance sensitivity.
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Butt, Muhammad Ali ALI, and Nikolay Kazanskiy. "Enhancing the sensitivity of a standard plasmonic MIM square ring resonator by incorporating the Nano-dots in the cavity." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i1.902.
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We studied the metal-insulator-metal square ring resonator design incorporated with nano-dots that serve to squeeze the surface plasmon wave in the cavity of the ring. The E-field enhances at the boundaries of the nano-dots providing a strong interaction of light with the surrounding medium. As a result, the sensitivity of the resonator is highly enhanced compared to the standard ring resonator design. The best sensitivity of 907 nm/RIU is obtained by placing seven nano-dots of radius 4 nm in all four sides of the ring with a period (ᴧ)= 3r. The proposed design will find applications in biomedical science as highly refractive index sensors. Full Text: PDF References:Z. Han, S. I. Bozhevolnyi. "Radiation guiding with surface plasmon polaritons", Rep. Prog. Phys. 76, 016402 (2013). [CrossRef]N.L. Kazanskiy, S.N. Khonina, M.A. Butt. "Plasmonic sensors based on Metal-insulator-metal waveguides for refractive index sensing applications: A brief review", Physica E 117, 113798 (2020). [CrossRef]D.K. Gramotnev, S.I. Bozhevolnyi. "Plasmonics beyond the diffraction limit", Nat. Photonics 4, 83 (2010). [CrossRef]A.N.Taheri, H. Kaatuzian. "Design and simulation of a nanoscale electro-plasmonic 1 × 2 switch based on asymmetric metal–insulator–metal stub filters", Applied Optics 53, 28 (2014). [CrossRef]P. Neutens, L. Lagae, G. Borghs, P. V. Dorpe. "Plasmon filters and resonators in metal-insulator-metal waveguides", Optics Express 20, 4 (2012). [CrossRef]M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N. L. Kazanskiy. "Metal-insulator-metal nano square ring resonator for gas sensing applications", Waves in Random and complex media [CrossRef]M.A.Butt, S.N.Khonina, N.L.Kazanskiy. "Hybrid plasmonic waveguide-assisted Metal–Insulator–Metal ring resonator for refractive index sensing", Journal of Modern Optics 65, 1135 (2018). [CrossRef]M.A.Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Highly sensitive refractive index sensor based on hybrid plasmonic waveguide microring resonator", Waves in Random and complex media [CrossRef]Y. Fang, M. Sun. "Nanoplasmonic waveguides: towards applications in integrated nanophotonic circuits", Light:Science & Applications 4, e294 (2015). [CrossRef]H. Lu, G.X. Wang, X.M. Liu. "Manipulation of light in MIM plasmonic waveguide systems", Chin Sci Bull [CrossRef]J.N. Anker et al. "Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors", Nature Materials 7, 442 (2008). [CrossRef]M.A.Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy. Journal of Modern Optics 66, 1038 (2019).[CrossRef]Z.-D. Zhang, H.-Y. Wang, Z.-Y. Zhang. "Fano Resonance in a Gear-Shaped Nanocavity of the Metal–Insulator–Metal Waveguide", Plasmonics 8,797 (2013) [CrossRef]Y. Yu, J. Si, Y. Ning, M. Sun, X. Deng. Opt. Lett. 42, 187 (2017) [CrossRef]B.H.Zhang, L-L. Wang, H-J. Li et al. "Two kinds of double Fano resonances induced by an asymmetric MIM waveguide structure", J. Opt. 18,065001 (2016) [CrossRef]X. Zhao, Z. Zhang, S. Yan. "Tunable Fano Resonance in Asymmetric MIM Waveguide Structure", Sensors 17, 1494 (2017) [CrossRef]J. Zhou et al. "Transmission and refractive index sensing based on Fano resonance in MIM waveguide-coupled trapezoid cavity", AIP Advances 7, 015020 (2017) [CrossRef]V. Perumal, U. Hashim. "Advances in biosensors: Principle, architecture and applications", J. Appl. Biomed. 12, 1 (2014)[CrossRef]H.Gai, J. Wang , Q. Tian, "Modified Debye model parameters of metals applicable for broadband calculations", Appl. Opt. 46 (12), 2229 (2007) [CrossRef]
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Li, Jun, and Nicholas A. Kotov. "Circular extinction of plasmonic silver nanocaps and gas sensing." Faraday Discussions 186 (2016): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00138b.
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Chiral plasmonic nanostructures exhibit strong rotatory optical activity and are expected to enrich the field of metaoptical materials. Potential applications of chiroplasmonic nanostructures include circular polarizers, optical polarization detectors, asymmetric catalysts, and sensors. However, chiral plasmonic materials require subwavelength structural control and involve laborious chemical or lithographic procedures for their manufacturing. Moreover, strong rotatory activity of subwavelength structures whose chirality was imparted by microfabrication, has been obtained for the red and infrared parts of the spectrum but faces new challenges for the blue and violet spectral ranges even with plasmonic materials with plasmonic bands in the 200–400 nm window. In this study, we address this problem by preparing chiral subwavelength nanostructures by glancing angle sputtering of metallic silver on ZnO nanopillar arrays. Silver deposition in two different planes is a convenient method for preparation of silver chiroplasmonic nanocaps (Ag CPNCs) with controlled asymmetry. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to examine the circular extinction for the left-handed nanocaps (L-CPNCs) with understanding that not only circular dichroism but also many other optical effects contribute to the amplitude of these bands. The pillared silver films exhibit circular extinction in the violet area of the electromagnetic spectrum. Partial oxidation of Ag to AgxO causes the absorption and corresponding circular extinction band obtained using a conventional CD spectrometer at 400–525 nm to increase and shift. This optical material may be used to detect oxygen and extends the spectrum of application of chiroplasmonic materials to gas sensing.
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Butt, Muhammad Ali. "Plasmonic sensor realized on metal-insulator-metal waveguide configuration for refractive index detection." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i1.1122.
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In this work, a plasmonic sensor established on metal-insulator-metal waveguide configuration is proposed and numerically investigated for biosensing applications. The spectral and sensing characteristics of the device are examined via the two-dimensional finite element method. Sensitivity (Sbulk) and figure of merit (FOM) are two important parameters that are considered to determine the device performance. The Sbulk of the device is considered as a ratio between the change in resonance wavelength and change in the ambient refractive index. Whereas FOM is the ratio of Sbulk to full width at half maximum. The Sbulk and FOM offered by the device are ~825.7 nm/RIU and ~13.14, respectively. This work can provide a guideline for the realization of highly sensitive plasmonic sensing devices. Full Text: PDF ReferencesN.L. Kazanskiy, S.N. Khonina, M.A. Butt, "Plasmonic sensors based on Metal-insulator-metal waveguides for refractive index sensing applications: A brief review", Physica E: Low-dimensional systems and Nanostructures 117, 113798 (2020). CrossRef D. Xiang, W. Li, "MIM plasmonic waveguide splitter with tooth-shaped structures", Journal of Modern Optics 61, 222-226 (2014). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Ultra-short lossless plasmonic power splitter design based on metal–insulator–metal waveguide", Laser Physics 30, 016201 (2020). CrossRef J. Park, S. Lee, B. Lee, "Polarization Singularities in the Metal-Insulator-Metal Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguide", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 46, 1577-1581 (2010). CrossRef M. T. Hill, M. Marell, E. S. P. Leong, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, M. Sun, P. J. V. Veldhoven, E. J. Geluk, F. Karouta, Y-S. Oei, R. Notzel, C-Z. Ning, M. K. Smit, "Lasing in metal-insulator-metal sub-wavelength plasmonic waveguides", Optics Express 17, 11107-11112 (2009). CrossRef A. Udupi, S. K. Madhava, "Plasmonic Coupler and Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Based on Nano-Groove-Arrays", Plasmonics 16, 1685-1692 (2021). CrossRef Y-F. C. Chau, C-T. C. Chao, H-P. Chiang, "Ultra-broad bandgap metal-insulator-metal waveguide filter with symmetrical stubs and defects", Results in Physics 17, 103116 (2020). CrossRef H. Bahri, S. Mouetsi, A. Hocini, H.B. Salah, "A high sensitive sensor using MIM waveguide coupled with a rectangular cavity with Fano resonance", Optical and Quantum Electronics 53, 332 (2021). CrossRef S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, M.A. Butt, A. Kazmierczak, R. Piramidowicz, "Plasmonic sensor based on metal-insulator-metal waveguide square ring cavity filled with functional material for the detection of CO2 gas", Optics Express 29, 16584 (2021). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Plasmonics: A Necessity in the Field of Sensing-A Review (Invited)", Fiber and Integrated Optics 40, 14-47 (2021). CrossRef M.A. Butt, A. Kazmierczak, N.L. Kazanskiy, S.N. Khonina, "Metal-Insulator-Metal Waveguide-Based Racetrack Integrated Circular Cavity for Refractive Index Sensing Application", Electronics 10, 1419 (2021). CrossRef N.L. Kazanskiy, S.N. Khonina, M.A. Butt, A. Kazmierczak, R. Piramidowicz, "A Numerical Investigation of a Plasmonic Sensor Based on a Metal-Insulator-Metal Waveguide for Simultaneous Detection of Biological Analytes and Ambient Temperature", Nanomaterials 11, 2551 (2021). CrossRef I. Tathfif, A.A. Yaseer, K.S. Rashid, R.H. Sagor, "Metal-insulator-metal waveguide-based optical pressure sensor embedded with arrays of silver nanorods", Optics Express 29, 32365-32376 (2021). CrossRef P.D. Sia, "Overview of Drude-Lorentz type models and their applications", Nanoscale Syst. Math. Model. Theory Appl. 3, 1-13 (2014) CrossRef M.A. Butt, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Nanoblocks embedded in L-shaped nanocavity of a plasmonic sensor for best sensor performance", Optica Applicata LI, 109-120 (2021). CrossRef S. Khani, M. Hayati, "An ultra-high sensitive plasmonic refractive index sensor using an elliptical resonator and MIM waveguide", Superlattices and Microstructures 156, 106970 (2021). CrossRef F. Chen, J. Li, "Refractive index and temperature sensing based on defect resonator coupled with a MIM waveguide", Modern Physics Letters B 33, 1950017 (2019). CrossRef M. Rahmatiyar, M. Danaie, M. Afsahi, "Employment of cascaded coupled resonators for resolution enhancement in plasmonic refractive index sensors", Optical and Quantum Electronics 52, 153 (2020). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "A multichannel metallic dual nano-wall square split-ring resonator: design analysis and applications", Laser Physics Letters 16, 126201 (2019). CrossRef
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Zamboni, Francesco, Arūnė Makarevičiūtė, and Vladimir N. Popok. "Long-Term Plasmonic Stability of Copper Nanoparticles Produced by Gas-Phase Aggregation Method Followed by UV-Ozone Treatment." Applied Nano 3, no. 2 (May 3, 2022): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applnano3020007.
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Coinage metal nanoparticles (NPs) are well-known for the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which is widely utilized for enhanced sensing and detection. LSPR stability over time is an important issue for the practical application of nanoparticle matrices. Some metals, and copper among those, are chemically reactive in ambient atmospheric conditions that leads to degradation of plasmonic functionality. This work reports on the formation of Cu NP matrices utilizing magnetron-sputtering gas-phase aggregation, size-selection and soft-landing on a substrate. This method provides monocrystalline NPs with high purity, thus, improving chemical inertness towards ambient gases, for example, oxygen. Additionally, a simple approach of UV-ozone treatment is shown to form an oxide shell protecting the metallic core against reactions with environmental species and stabilizing the plasmonic properties for a period of over 150 days. The suggested methodology is promising to improve the competitiveness of Cu nano-matrices with those of Au and Ag in plasmonic sensing and detection.
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Zarei, Majid, Seyedeh M. Hamidi, and K. W. A. Chee. "Colorimetric Plasmonic Hydrogen Gas Sensor Based on One-Dimensional Nano-Gratings." Crystals 13, no. 2 (February 20, 2023): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020363.
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Plasmonic hydrogen gas sensors have become widely used in recent years due to their low cost, reliability, safety, and measurement accuracy. In this paper, we designed, optimized, and fabricated a palladium (Pd)-coated nano-grating-based plasmonic hydrogen gas sensor; and investigated using the finite-difference time-domain method and experimental spectral reflectance measurements, the calibrated effects of hydrogen gas exposure on the mechano-optical properties of the Pd sensing layer. The nanostructures were fabricated using DC sputter deposition onto a one-dimensional nano-grating optimized with a thin-film gold buffer to extend the optical response dynamic range and performance stability; the color change sensitivity of the Pd surface layer was demonstrated for hydrogen gas concentrations as low as 0.5 vol.%, up to 4 vol.%, based on the resonance wavelength shift within the visible band corresponding to the reversible phase transformation. Visual color change detection of even the smallest hydrogen concentrations indicated the high sensitivity of the gas sensor. Our technique has potential for application to high-accuracy portable plasmonic sensors compatible with biochemical sensing with smartphones.
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Irfan, Muhammad, Yousuf Khan, Atiq Ur Rehman, Naqeeb Ullah, Svetlana N. Khonina, Nikolay L. Kazanskiy, and Muhammad A. Butt. "Plasmonic Perfect Absorber Utilizing Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Polymer for Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensing Application." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 26, 2023): 2629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072629.
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In this paper a perfect absorber with a photonic crystal cavity (PhC-cavity) is numerically investigated for carbon dioxide (CO2) gas sensing application. Metallic structures in the form of silver are introduced for harnessing plasmonic effects to achieve perfect absorption. The sensor comprises a PhC-cavity, silver (Ag) stripes, and a host functional material—Polyhexamethylene biguanide polymer—deposited on the surface of the sensor. The PhC-cavity is implemented within the middle of the cell, helping to penetrate the EM waves into the sublayers of the structure. Therefore, corresponding to the concentration of the CO2 gas, as it increases, the refractive index of the host material decreases, causing a blue shift in the resonant wavelength and vice versa of the device. The sensor is used for the detection of 0–524 parts per million (ppm) concentration of the CO2 gas, with a maximum sensitivity of 17.32 pm (pico meter)/ppm achieved for a concentration of 366 ppm with a figure of merit (FOM) of 2.9 RIU−1. The four-layer device presents a straightforward and compact design that can be adopted in various sensing applications by using suitable host functional materials.
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Shur, Michael. "Terahertz Sensing Technology." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 24, no. 01n02 (March 2015): 1550001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156415500019.
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Sensing applications of THz technology include applications for space exploration, detection of concealed objects, explosive identification, and THz cancer detection. This paper will review these and other emerging applications and existing and potential THz sources and detectors, including photonic and electronic THz devices, such as plasmonic field effect transistors capable of detecting and emitting THz radiation. Plasma wave electronics devices demonstrated THz detection using GaAs-based and GaN-based HEMTs, Si MOS, SOI, and FINFETs and FET arrays. This technology has potential to become a dominant THz electronics technology.
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Lo, Tzu-Hsuan, Pen-Yuan Shih, and Chiu-Hsien Wu. "The Response of UV/Blue Light and Ozone Sensing Using Ag-TiO2 Planar Nanocomposite Thin Film." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 5061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235061.
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We successfully fabricated a planar nanocomposite film that uses a composite of silver nanoparticles and titanium dioxide film (Ag-TiO2) for ultraviolet (UV) and blue light detection and application in ozone gas sensor. Ultraviolet-visible spectra revealed that silver nanoparticles have a strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. A strong redshift of the plasmonic peak when the silver nanoparticles covered the TiO2 thin film was observed. The value of conductivity change for the Ag-TiO2 composite is 4–8 times greater than that of TiO2 film under UV and blue light irradiation. The Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite film successfully sensed 100 ppb ozone. The gas response of the composite film increased by roughly six and four times under UV and blue light irradiation, respectively. We demonstrated that a Ag-TiO2 composite gas sensor can be used with visible light (blue). The planar composite significantly enhances photo catalysis. The composite films have practical application potential for wearable devices.
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Saeidi, Parviz, Bernhard Jakoby, Gerald Pühringer, Andreas Tortschanoff, Gerald Stocker, Jasmin Spettel, Florian Dubois, Thomas Grille, and Reyhaneh Jannesari. "Design, Analysis, and Optimization of a Plasmonic Slot Waveguide for Mid-Infrared Gas Sensing." Nanomaterials 12, no. 10 (May 18, 2022): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12101732.
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In this work, we investigated the optimization of a plasmonic slot waveguide (PSWG) in the mid-IR region particularly for a representative wavelength of 4.26 µm, which is the absorption line of CO2 and thus particularly relevant for applications. We analysed the mode features associated with metal-dielectric-metal (MDM), dielectric-metal-dielectric (DMD), and truncated metal film (TMF) structures with respect to the considered PSWG. Subsequently, the mode features of the PSWG were considered based on what we outlined for MDM, DMD, and TMF structures. Furthermore, as confinement factor and propagation length are two crucial parameters for absorption sensing applications, we optimized the PSWG based on a figure of merit (FOM) defined as the product of the aforementioned quantities. To characterize the propagation length, the imaginary part of the effective mode index of a guided mode was considered, leading to a dimensionless FOM. Finally, we investigated the PSWG also for other wavelengths and identified particularly attractive wavelengths and geometries maximizing the FOM.
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Butt, Muhammad Ali, and Ryszard Piramidowicz. "Standard slot waveguide and double hybrid plasmonic waveguide configurations for enhanced evanescent field absorption methane gas sensing." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i1.1121.
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Herein, a numerical study on standard slot waveguide and double hybrid plasmonic waveguide based on a silicon-on-insulator platform is presented. The geometric parameters of both the waveguides are optimized for the operational wavelength of 3.39 μm (absorption line of methane gas) to obtain the maximum evanescent field ratio (EFR). By utilizing Lambert-Beer’s law, the gas sensing capability of both the waveguides is determined. It is found out that both the waveguides of length 100 μm offer high EFR resulting in the 3dB decay of the propagating mode power for the methane gas concentration of 20-22 % in the chamber. The study provides the foundation for the practical realization of compact and highly sensitive gas sensors. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ.Y. Yo, Y.S. Kwon, J.W. Lee, J.S. Park, B.H. Rho, W. II. Choi. "Acute Respiratory Distress Due to Methane Inhalation", Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 74, 120-123 (2013). CrossRef M. A. Butt, S. A. Degtyarev, S. N. Khonina and N. L. Kazanskiy. "An evanescent field absorption gas sensor at mid-IR 3.39 μm wavelength", Journal of Modern Optics 64, 1892-1897 (2017). CrossRef M. A. Butt, S. N. Khonina and N. L. Kazanskiy. "Modelling of Rib channel waveguides based on silicon-on-sapphire at 4.67 μm wavelength for evanescent field gas absorption sensor", Optik 168, 692-697, (2018). CrossRef M. A. Butt, S. N. Khonina and S. N. Kazanskiy. "Silicon on silicon dioxide slot waveguide evanescent field gas absorption sensor", Journal of Modern Optics 65, 174-178, (2017). CrossRef S. N. Khonina, N. L. Kazanskiy and M. A. Butt. "Evanescent Field Ratio Enhancement of a Modified Ridge Waveguide Structure for Methane Gas Sensing Application", IEEE Sensors Journal 20, 8469-8476 (2020). CrossRef M.Vlk, A. Datta, S. Alberti, H.D. Yallew, V. Mittal, G. S. Murugan, J. Jagerska. "Extraordinary evanescent field confinement waveguide sensor for mid-infrared trace gas spectroscopy", Light: Science & Applications 10, 26 (2021). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazankiy. "Enhancement of evanescent field ratio in a silicon strip waveguide by incorporating a thin metal film", Laser Physics 29, 076202 (2019). CrossRef M. A. Butt, N. L. Kazanskiy and S. N. Khonina, "Highly integrated plasmonic sensor design for the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes", Current Applied Physics 20, 1274-1280 (2020). CrossRef T. Milde, M. Hoppe, H. Tatenguem, C. Assmann, W. Schade, J. Sacher. "Comparison of the spectral excitation behavior of methane according to InP, GaSb, IC, and QC lasers as excitation source by sensor applications", Applied Optics 58, C84 (2019). CrossRef N. L. Kazanskiy, S.N. Khonina, M.A. Butt. "Polarization-Insensitive Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide Design for Evanescent Field Absorption Gas Sensor", Photonic Sensors 11, 279-290 (2021). CrossRef D. Popa, F. Udrea. "Towards Integrated Mid-Infrared Gas Sensors", Sensors 19, 2076 (2019). CrossRef S-W. Kang, K. Sasaki, H. Minamitani. "Sensitivity analysis of a thin-film optical waveguide biochemical sensor using evanescent field absorption", Applied Optics 32, 3544-3549 (1993). CrossRef
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Rodrigues, Marco S., Joel Borges, Cláudia Lopes, Rui M. S. Pereira, Mikhail I. Vasilevskiy, and Filipe Vaz. "Gas Sensors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances: Synthesis of Oxide Films with Embedded Metal Nanoparticles, Theory and Simulation, and Sensitivity Enhancement Strategies." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 5388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125388.
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This work presents a comprehensive review on gas sensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, including the theory of LSPR, the synthesis of nanoparticle-embedded oxide thin films, and strategies to enhance the sensitivity of these optical sensors, supported by simulations of the electromagnetic properties. The LSPR phenomenon is known to be responsible for the unique colour effects observed in the ancient Roman Lycurgus Cup and at the windows of the medieval cathedrals. In both cases, the optical effects result from the interaction of the visible light (scattering and absorption) with the conduction band electrons of noble metal nanoparticles (gold, silver, and gold–silver alloys). These nanoparticles are dispersed in a dielectric matrix with a relatively high refractive index in order to push the resonance to the visible spectral range. At the same time, they have to be located at the surface to make LSPR sensitive to changes in the local dielectric environment, the property that is very attractive for sensing applications. Hence, an overview of gas sensors is presented, including electronic-nose systems, followed by a description of the surface plasmons that arise in noble metal thin films and nanoparticles. Afterwards, metal oxides are explored as robust and sensitive materials to host nanoparticles, followed by preparation methods of nanocomposite plasmonic thin films with sustainable techniques. Finally, several optical properties simulation methods are described, and the optical LSPR sensitivity of gold nanoparticles with different shapes, sensing volumes, and surroundings is calculated using the discrete dipole approximation method.
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Zhang, Li, Mohamed Farhat, and Khaled Nabil Salama. "Spectrometer-Free Graphene Plasmonics Based Refractive Index Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 20, 2020): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082347.
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We propose a spectrometer-free refractive index sensor based on a graphene plasmonic structure. The spectrometer-free feature of the device is realized thanks to the dynamic tunability of graphene’s chemical potential, through electrostatic biasing. The proposed sensor exhibits a 1566 nm/RIU sensitivity, a 250.6 RIU−1 figure of merit in the optical mode of operation and a 713.2 meV/RIU sensitivity, a 246.8 RIU−1 figure of merit in the electrical mode of operation. This performance outlines the optimized operation of this spectrometer-free sensor that simplifies its design and can bring terahertz sensing one step closer to its practical realization, with promising applications in biosensing and/or gas sensing.
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Saeidi, Parviz, Bernhard Jakoby, Gerald Pühringer, Andreas Tortschanoff, Gerald Stocker, Jasmin Spettel, Thomas Grille, and Reyhaneh Jannesari. "Numerical analysis of an infrared gas sensor utilizing an indium-tin-oxide-based plasmonic slot waveguide." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-15-2022.
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Abstract. Plasmonic waveguides have attracted much attention owing to the associated high field intensity at the metal–dielectric interface and their ability to confine the modes at the nanometer scale. At the same time, they suffer from relatively high propagation loss, which is due to the presence of metal. Several alternative materials have been introduced to replace noble metals, such as transparent conductive oxides (TCOs). A particularly popular TCO is indium tin oxide (ITO), which is compatible with standard microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. In this work, the feasibility of ITO as an alternative plasmonic material is investigated for infrared absorption sensing applications: we numerically design and optimize an ITO-based plasmonic slot waveguide for a wavelength of 4.26 µm, which is the absorption line of CO2. Our optimization is based on a figure of merit (FOM), which is defined as the confinement factor divided by the imaginary part of the effective mode index (i.e., the intrinsic damping of the mode). The obtained optimal FOM is 3.2, which corresponds to 9 µm and 49 % for the propagation length (characterizing the intrinsic damping) and the confinement factor, respectively.
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Chen, Pai-Yen, Christos Argyropoulos, Mohamed Farhat, and J. Sebastian Gomez-Diaz. "Flatland plasmonics and nanophotonics based on graphene and beyond." Nanophotonics 6, no. 6 (April 10, 2017): 1239–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0137.
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AbstractIn this paper, we review and discuss how the recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) Dirac materials, particularly graphene, may be utilized as new efficient platforms for excitations of propagating and localized surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the terahertz (THz) and mid-infrared (MIR) regions. The surface plasmon modes supported by the metallic 2D materials exhibit tunable plasmon resonances that are essential, yet missing, ingredients needed for THz and MIR photonic and optoelectronic devices. We describe how the atomically thin graphene monolayer and metamaterial structures based on it may tailor and control the spectral, spatial, and temporal properties of electromagnetic radiation. In the same frequency range, the newly unveiled nonlocal, nonlinear, and nonequilibrium electrodynamics in graphene show a variety of nonlinear and amplifying electromagnetic responses, whose potential applications are yet unexplored. With these 2D material platforms, virtually all plasmonic, optoelectronic, and nonlinear functions found in near-infrared (NIR) and visible devices can be analogously transferred to the long-wavelength regime, even with enhanced tunability and new functionalities. The spectral range from THz to MIR is particularly compelling because of the many spectral fingerprints of key chemical, gas, and biological agents, as well as a myriad of remote sensing, imaging, communication, and security applications.
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Singh, Mandeep, Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi, and Om Prakash. "Modeling of Grating Assisted Hybrid Plasmonic Filter and Its On-Chip Gas Sensing Application." IEEE Sensors Journal 19, no. 11 (June 1, 2019): 4039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2019.2897616.
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Pandey, Ankit Kumar. "Plasmonic sensor utilizing Ti3C2Tx MXene layer and fluoride glass substrate for bio- and gas-sensing applications: Performance evaluation." Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications 42 (December 2020): 100863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2020.100863.
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Mouloua, Driss, Ahmed Kotbi, Geetanjali Deokar, Khaled Kaja, Mimoun El Marssi, My Ali EL Khakani, and Mustapha Jouiad. "Recent Progress in the Synthesis of MoS2 Thin Films for Sensing, Photovoltaic and Plasmonic Applications: A Review." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 3283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123283.
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In the surge of recent successes of 2D materials following the rise of graphene, molybdenum disulfide (2D-MoS2) has been attracting growing attention from both fundamental and applications viewpoints, owing to the combination of its unique nanoscale properties. For instance, the bandgap of 2D-MoS2, which changes from direct (in the bulk form) to indirect for ultrathin films (few layers), offers new prospects for various applications in optoelectronics. In this review, we present the latest scientific advances in the field of synthesis and characterization of 2D-MoS2 films while highlighting some of their applications in energy harvesting, gas sensing, and plasmonic devices. A survey of the physical and chemical processing routes of 2D-MoS2 is presented first, followed by a detailed description and listing of the most relevant characterization techniques used to study the MoS2 nanomaterial as well as theoretical simulations of its interesting optical properties. Finally, the challenges related to the synthesis of high quality and fairly controllable MoS2 thin films are discussed along with their integration into novel functional devices.
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Fischer, Daniel, Andreas Hertwig, Uwe Beck, Volkmar Lohse, Detlef Negendank, Martin Kormunda, and Norbert Esser. "Thin SnOx films for surface plasmon resonance enhanced ellipsometric gas sensing (SPREE)." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (February 28, 2017): 522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.56.
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Background: Gas sensors are very important in several fields like gas monitoring, safety and environmental applications. In this approach, a new gas sensing concept is investigated which combines the powerful adsorption probability of metal oxide conductive sensors (MOS) with an optical ellipsometric readout. This concept shows promising results to solve the problems of cross sensitivity of the MOS concept. Results: Undoped tin oxide (SnOx) and iron doped tin oxide (Fe:SnOx) thin add-on films were prepared by magnetron sputtering on the top of the actual surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing gold layer. The films were tested for their sensitivity to several gas species in the surface plasmon resonance enhanced (SPREE) gas measurement. It was found that the undoped tin oxide (SnOx) shows higher sensitivities to propane (C3H8) then to carbon monoxide (CO). By using Fe:SnOx, this relation is inverted. This behavior was explained by a change of the amount of binding sites for CO in the layer due to this iron doping. For hydrogen (H2) no such relation was found but the sensing ability was identical for both layer materials. This observation was related to a different sensing mechanism for H2 which is driven by the diffusion into the layer instead of adsorption on the surface. Conclusion: The gas sensing selectivity can be enhanced by tuning the properties of the thin film overcoating. A relation of the binding sites in the doped and undoped SnOx films and the gas sensing abilities for CO and C3H8 was found. This could open the path for optimized gas sensing devices with different coated SPREE sensors.
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Doan, Anh Tung, Takahiro Yokoyama, Thang Duy Dao, Satoshi Ishii, Akihiko Ohi, Toshihide Nabatame, Yoshiki Wada, Shigenao Maruyama, and Tadaaki Nagao. "A MEMS-Based Quad-Wavelength Hybrid Plasmonic–Pyroelectric Infrared Detector." Micromachines 10, no. 6 (June 21, 2019): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10060413.
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Spectrally selective detection is of crucial importance for diverse modern spectroscopic applications such as multi-wavelength pyrometry, non-dispersive infrared gas sensing, biomedical analysis, flame detection, and thermal imaging. This paper reports a quad-wavelength hybrid plasmonic–pyroelectric detector that exhibited spectrally selective infrared detection at four wavelengths—3.3, 3.7, 4.1, and 4.5 μm. The narrowband detection was achieved by coupling the incident infrared light to the resonant modes of the four different plasmonic perfect absorbers based on Al-disk-array placed on a Al2O3–Al bilayer. These absorbers were directly integrated on top of a zinc oxide thin film functioning as a pyroelectric transducer. The device was fabricated using micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology to optimize the spectral responsivity. The proposed detector operated at room temperature and exhibited a responsivity of approximately 100–140 mV/W with a full width at half maximum of about 0.9–1.2 μm. The wavelength tunability, high spectral resolution, compactness and robust MEMS-based platform of the hybrid device demonstrated a great advantage over conventional photodetectors with bandpass filters, and exhibited impressive possibilities for miniature multi-wavelength spectroscopic devices.
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Gahlot, Ajay Pratap Singh, Ayushi Paliwal, and Avinashi Kapoor. "Exploitation of SnO2/Polypyrrole Interface for Detection of Ammonia Vapors Using Conductometric and Optical Techniques: A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 24, 2022): 7252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197252.
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This study describes the construction of a lab-built Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) system for gas sensing applications employing a highly sensitive and trustworthy optical approach. The nanocomposite thin film of tin oxide (SnO2) and Polypyrrole (PPy) were prepared for sensing highly toxic gas, i.e., ammonia (NH3) gas. The gas sensor was validated by both optical and conductometric techniques of gas sensing. The optical SPR gas sensor is based on the change in refractive index at the SnO2/Polypyrrole (PPy) interface with gas adsorption (NH3). The thickness of SnO2 and Polypyrrole thin films was optimised using theoretical calculations for a sharp SPR reflectance curve. The manuscript also offers theoretical SPR curves for different PPy and SnO2 layer thicknesses. To support the theoretical conclusions, the effects of NH3 gas on the prism/Au/SnO2/Polypyrrole system were also investigated experimentally. In comparison to other research described in the literature, it was observed that the constructed sensor’s sensitivity was higher. The obtained results demonstrate the utility of the SPR setup in the investigation of the interactions of adhered gas molecules with dielectrics and gas sensing. For conductometric gas sensing studies, the film having optimised thicknesses for sharp SPR reflectance curves was separately prepared on Interdigitated Electrodes. At a low working temperature of roughly 150 °C, the sensing response of the constructed film was observed and found to be maximal (60).
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Allsop, Thomas, and Ronald Neal. "A Review: Application and Implementation of Optic Fibre Sensors for Gas Detection." Sensors 21, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 6755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206755.
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At the present time, there are major concerns regarding global warming and the possible catastrophic influence of greenhouse gases on climate change has spurred the research community to investigate and develop new gas-sensing methods and devices for remote and continuous sensing. Furthermore, there are a myriad of workplaces, such as petrochemical and pharmacological industries, where reliable remote gas tests are needed so that operatives have a safe working environment. The authors have concentrated their efforts on optical fibre sensing of gases, as we became aware of their increasing range of applications. Optical fibre gas sensors are capable of remote sensing, working in various environments, and have the potential to outperform conventional metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors. Researchers are studying a number of configurations and mechanisms to detect specific gases and ways to enhance their performances. Evidence is growing that optical fibre gas sensors are superior in a number of ways, and are likely to replace MOS gas sensors in some application areas. All sensors use a transducer to produce chemical selectivity by means of an overlay coating material that yields a binding reaction. A number of different structural designs have been, and are, under investigation. Examples include tilted Bragg gratings and long period gratings embedded in optical fibres, as well as surface plasmon resonance and intra-cavity absorption. The authors believe that a review of optical fibre gas sensing is now timely and appropriate, as it will assist current researchers and encourage research into new photonic methods and techniques.
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Butt, Muhammad Ali, and Nikolai Lvovich Kazansky. "SOI Suspended membrane waveguide at 3.39 µm for gas sensing application." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i2.1034.
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In this letter, we present a numerical study on the designing of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) suspended membrane waveguide (SMW). The waveguide geometry is optimized at 3.39 µm TE-polarized light which is the absorption line of methane gas by utilizing a 3D finite element method (FEM). The transmission loss (TL) and evanescent field ratio (EFR) of the waveguide are calculated for different geometric parameters such as the width of core, the height of core and period of the cladding. We found out that TL is directly related to EFR. Therefore, a waveguide geometry can be designed which can offer high EFR at the cost of high TL or low EFR with low TL, as desired. Based on the geometric parameters used in this paper, we have obtained a TL and EFR which lies in the range of 1.54 dB-3.37 dB and 0.26-0.505, respectively. Full Text: PDF ReferencesL. Vivien et al., "High speed silicon-based optoelectronic devices on 300mm platform", 2014 16th International conference on transparent optical networks (ICTON), Graz, 2014, pp. 1-4, CrossRef Y. Zou, S. Chakravarty, "Mid-infrared silicon photonic waveguides and devices [Invited]", Photonic Research, 6(4), 254-276 (2018). CrossRef J.S. Penades et al., "Suspended SOI waveguide with sub-wavelength grating cladding for mid-infrared", Optics letters, 39(19), 5661-5664 (2014). CrossRef T. Baehr-Jones, A. Spott, R. Ilic, A. Spott, B. Penkov, W. Asher, and M. Hochberg, "Silicon-on-sapphire integrated waveguides for the mid-infrared", Opt. Express, 18(12),12127-12135 (2010). CrossRef J. Mu, R. Soref, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, "Silicon-on-nitride structures for mid-infrared gap-plasmon waveguiding", Appl. Phys. Lett., 104(3), 031115 (2014). CrossRef J.S. Penades et al., "Suspended silicon waveguides for long-wave infrared wavelengths", Optics letters, 43 (4), 795-798 (2018). CrossRef J.S. Penades et al., "Suspended silicon mid-infrared waveguide devices with subwavelength grating metamaterial cladding", Optics Express, 24, (20), 22908-22916 (2016). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Modelling of Rib channel waveguides based on silicon-on-sapphire at 4.67 μm wavelength for evanescent field gas absorption sensor", Optik, 168, 692-697 (2018). CrossRef S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, M.A. Butt, "Evanescent field ratio enhancement of a modified ridge waveguide structure for methane gas sensing application", IEEE Sensors Journal CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.A. Degtyarev, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "An evanescent field absorption gas sensor at mid-IR 3.39 μm wavelength", Journal of Modern Optics, 64(18), 1892-1897 (2017). CrossRef S. Zampolli et al., "Selectivity enhancement of metal oxide gas sensors using a micromachined gas chromatographic column", Sensors and Actuators B Chemical, 105 (2), 400-406 (2005). CrossRef N. Dossi, R. Toniolo, A. Pizzariello, E. Carrilho, E. Piccin, S. Battiston, G. Bontempelli, "An electrochemical gas sensor based on paper supported room temperature ionic liquids", Lab Chip, 12 (1), 153-158 (2011). CrossRef V. Avetisov, O. Bjoroey, J. Wang, P. Geiser, K. G. Paulsen, "Hydrogen Sensor Based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy", Sensors, 19 (23), 5313 (2019). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Silicon on silicon dioxide slot waveguide evanescent field gas absorption sensor", Journal of Modern Optics, 65(2), 174-178 (2018). CrossRef Nikolay Lvovich Kazanskiy, Svetlana Nikolaevna Khonina, Muhammad Ali Butt, "Subwavelength Grating Double Slot Waveguide Racetrack Ring Resonator for Refractive Index Sensing Application", Sensors, 20, 3416 (2020). CrossRef H. Tai, H. Tanaka, T. Yoshino, "Fiber-optic evanescent-wave methane-gas sensor using optical absorption for the 3.392-μm line of a He–Ne laser", Opt. Lett., 12, 437-439 (1987). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Hybrid plasmonic waveguide-assisted Metal–Insulator–Metal ring resonator for refractive index sensing", Journal of Modern Optics, 65(9), 1135-1140 (2018). CrossRef S.A. Degtyarev, M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, R.V. Skidanov, "Modelling of TiO2 based slot waveguides with high optical confinement in sharp bends", 2016 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, ICE Cube, Quetta, 2016, 10-13 CrossRef
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Paliwal, Ayushi, Anjali Sharma, Monika Tomar, and Vinay Gupta. "Dielectric Properties of SnO2 Thin Film Using SPR Technique for Gas Sensing Applications." Conference Papers in Science 2014 (May 6, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/656120.
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Focus has been made on the determination of dielectric constant of thin dielectric layer (SnO2 thin film) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique and exploiting it for the detection of NH3 gas. SnO2 thin film has been deposited by rf-sputtering technique on gold coated glass prism (BK-7) and its SPR response was measured in the Kretschmann configuration of attenuated total reflection using a p-polarised light beam at 633 nm wavelength. The SPR response of bilayer film was fitted with Fresnel’s equations in order to calculate the dielectric constant of SnO2 thin film. The air/SnO2/Au/prim system has been utilized for detecting varying concentration (500 ppm to 2000 ppm) of NH3 gas at room temperature using SPR technique. SPR curve shows significant shift in resonance angle from 44.8° to 56.7° on exposure of fixed concentration of NH3 gas (500 ppm to 2000 ppm) with very fast response and recovery speeds.
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Yang, Dongfang, Hui-Hsin Lu, Bo Chen, and Chii-Wann Lin. "Surface Plasmon Resonance of SnO2/Au Bi-layer Films for Gas Sensing Applications." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 145, no. 2 (March 19, 2010): 832–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2010.01.054.
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Butt, M. A., N. L. Kazanskiy, and S. N. Khonina. "On-chip symmetrically and asymmetrically transformed plasmonic Bragg grating formation loaded with a functional polymer for filtering and CO2 gas sensing applications." Measurement 201 (September 2022): 111694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111694.
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Maksymov, Ivan S., Bui Quoc Huy Nguyen, Andrey Pototsky, and Sergey Suslov. "Acoustic, Phononic, Brillouin Light Scattering and Faraday Wave-Based Frequency Combs: Physical Foundations and Applications." Sensors 22, no. 10 (May 22, 2022): 3921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103921.
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Frequency combs (FCs)—spectra containing equidistant coherent peaks—have enabled researchers and engineers to measure the frequencies of complex signals with high precision, thereby revolutionising the areas of sensing, metrology and communications and also benefiting the fundamental science. Although mostly optical FCs have found widespread applications thus far, in general FCs can be generated using waves other than light. Here, we review and summarise recent achievements in the emergent field of acoustic frequency combs (AFCs), including phononic FCs and relevant acousto-optical, Brillouin light scattering and Faraday wave-based techniques that have enabled the development of phonon lasers, quantum computers and advanced vibration sensors. In particular, our discussion is centred around potential applications of AFCs in precision measurements in various physical, chemical and biological systems in conditions where using light, and hence optical FCs, faces technical and fundamental limitations, which is, for example, the case in underwater distance measurements and biomedical imaging applications. This review article will also be of interest to readers seeking a discussion of specific theoretical aspects of different classes of AFCs. To that end, we support the mainstream discussion by the results of our original analysis and numerical simulations that can be used to design the spectra of AFCs generated using oscillations of gas bubbles in liquids, vibrations of liquid drops and plasmonic enhancement of Brillouin light scattering in metal nanostructures. We also discuss the application of non-toxic room-temperature liquid–metal alloys in the field of AFC generation.
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Tang, Shin-Yi, Teng-Yu Su, Tzu-Yi Yang, and Yu-Lun Chueh. "Novel Design of 0D Nanoparticles-2D Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Heterostructured Devices for High-Performance Optical and Gas-Sensing Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 36 (October 9, 2022): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02361318mtgabs.
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Two-dimensional Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), have now attracted much attention due to their unique layered structure and physical properties. Up to date, several studies have demonstrated monolayered and few-layered TMDC-based photodetectors with good stability, photo-switching time and broadband detectivity from UV to infrared light region. However, the reported responsivity is not as high as the theoretical expectation, indicating that the light absorption is limited by the atomic thickness of 2D-TMDCs and could still be improved. To overcome the drawback of low absorption in 2D TMDC materials, previous reports have revealed several strategies to enhance the electric field and light-harvesting in these atomically thin TMDC layers by hybridizing plasmonic noble-metal nanoparticles, such as Pt, Au and Ag, to facilitate the light-matter interaction at the surface of semiconductors. In this regard, we aim to combine highly absorptive CuInS2(CIS) nanocrystals with noble metal nanoparticles as the photosensitizer to enhance the intrinsic absorptivity and promote the performance of MoS2-based photodetectors. The interests of noble nanocrystals such as platinum and gold are featured for their distinctive properties of the carrier transportation and the storage when combined with semiconductor materials. The strategy described here acts as a perspective to significantly improve the performance of MoS2-based photodetectors with outstanding detection responsivity with selectable wavelengths by further controlling the size and material of the decorated CIS nanocrystals. In addition to optical sensing, TMDCs have also been developed as a promising candidate for gas-molecule detection. Different from commercial metal oxide gas sensors, TMDCs as sensing materials can be operated at room temperature with good performance, increasing its reliability for future industrial applications. Nevertheless, the relatively low response and long response/recovery time are the main drawbacks of these promising devices. Therefore, we proposed the approach to successfully increase the surface area of TMDCs by a one-step synthesis from WO3 into three-dimensional (3D) WS2 nanowalls through a rapid heating and rapid cooling process. Moreover, the combination of CdS/ZnS or CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) with different emission wavelengths and WS2 nanowalls will further improve the performance of WS2-based photodetector devices, including 3.5~4.7 times photocurrent enhancement and shorter response time. The remarkable results of the QD-WS2 hybrid devices to the high non-radiative energy transfer (NRET) efficiency between QDs and our nanostructured material are caused by the spectral overlap between the emission of QDs as the donors and the absorption of WS2 as the acceptors. Additionally, the outstanding NO2 gas-sensing properties of QDs/WS2 devices were demonstrated with a remarkably low detection limit down to 50 ppb with a fast response time of 26.8 s, contributed by tremendous local p-n junctions generated from p-type WS2 nanowalls and n-type CdSe-ZnS QDs in this hybrid system. Our strategies to combine 0D nanoparticles or quantum dots and 2D TMDC materials can significantly enhance the optical sensing and gas molecule sensing properties compared to pristine TMDC-based devices, resulting from the efficient charge or energy transfer between the multi-dimension material system and the creation of local p-n junctions. Moreover, the scalability of these hybrid nanostructures allows our devices to exhibit much more possibilities in advanced multifunctional applications.
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Rizal, Conrad, Vladimir Belotelov, Daria Ignatyeva, Anatoly K. Zvezdin, and Simone Pisana. "Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) to Magneto-Optic SPR." Condensed Matter 4, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat4020050.
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In this editorial, a brief background of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) principle is discussed, followed by several aspects of magneto-optic SPR (MOSPR) and sensing schemes from the viewpoint of fundamental studies and potential technological applications. New sensitivity metrics are introduced that would allow researchers to compare the performance of SPR and MOSPR-based sensors. Merits of MOSPR over SPR based sensors and challenges faced by MOSPR sensors in terms of their practical use and portability are also considered. The editorial ends with potential new configurations and future prospects. This work is considered highly significant to device engineers, graduate and undergraduate students, and researchers of all levels involved in developing new classes of bio-devices for sensing, imaging, environmental monitoring, toxic gas detection, and surveying applications to name a few.
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Gaur, Ravinder, Himanshu Mohan Padhy, and Manikandan Elayaperumal. "Surface plasmon assisted toxic chemical NO<sub>2</sub> gas sensor by Au ∕ ZnO functional thin films." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 10, no. 2 (July 7, 2021): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-163-2021.
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Abstract. In this short communication, we propose a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on a ZnO / Au hybrid thin-film material structure and experimentally investigate its sensitivity improvement. The Kretschmann-based SPR sensor utilizes ZnO thin films and nanostructures for performance enhancement. The advancement in SPR technology relies on a low-cost, high-sensitivity, and high-selectivity sensor. Metal oxide (MO) has been incorporated into the SPR sensor to be used for detection of biological and chemical compounds. ZnO as one of the metal oxides is an attractive material due to its unique physical and optical properties. Numerous techniques for fabrication and characterization of ZnO on SPR gold substrate have been studied. The mechanism for gas and biomolecule detection depends on their interaction with the ZnO surface, which is mainly attributed to the high isoelectric point of ZnO. There are several types of ZnO nanostructures which have been employed for SPR application based on the Kretschmann configuration. In the future, the thin film and nanostructures of ZnO could be a potential application for miniature design, robust, high sensitivity, and a low-cost portable type of SPR biosensor to be used for on-site testing in a real-time and label-free manner. The present work includes the application of a developed SPR setup for gas sensing at room temperature using a specially designed gas cell. The change in the optical properties of dielectric layers (ZnO) with adsorption of gases (NO2) in order to develop an optical sensor has been presented. The obtained results emphasize the applications of an SPR setup for the study of interaction of adsorbed gas molecules, with dielectrics and gas sensing.
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Manera, M. G., A. Colombelli, R. Rella, A. Caricato, P. D. Cozzoli, M. Martino, and L. Vasanelli. "TiO2brookite nanostructured thin layer on magneto-optical surface plasmon resonance transductor for gas sensing applications." Journal of Applied Physics 112, no. 5 (September 2012): 053524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751347.
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ŞEN, SİBEL. "FILMS SPIN-COATED WITH GALLIC ACID AND THE DETECTION OF SPUN FILMS AGAINST VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS." Surface Review and Letters 27, no. 02 (June 6, 2019): 1950106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19501063.
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To determine thin films’ properties of commercially available gallic acid molecule, they were deposited onto a suitable substrate using spin coater. UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed for the characterization of the deposited thin films. Characterization results obtained by these two techniques indicated that the gallic acid molecules are suitable for transfer onto a glass or quartz substrate. Gas-sensing properties and thickness of these thin films were elucidated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Thickness values of spun thin films were obtained at different spinning speeds. Then, the gas-sensing properties were examined by exposing them to the vapors of four volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It was found that the spun films of this material were selective for methanol vapor yielding rapid response and recovery time and thin films of gallic acid exhibited reversible changes in the optical behavior, which makes them suitable for practical methanol-detection applications.
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Dharmalingam, Gnanaprakash, Nicholas A. Joy, Benjamin Grisafe, and Michael A. Carpenter. "Plasmonics-based detection of H2 and CO: discrimination between reducing gases facilitated by material control." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 3 (October 31, 2012): 712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.3.81.
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Monitoring emissions in high-temperature-combustion applications is very important for regulating the discharge of gases such as NO2 and CO as well as unburnt fuel into the environment. This work reports the detection of H2 and CO gases by employing a metal–metal oxide nanocomposite (gold–yttria stabilized zirconia (Au–YSZ)) film fabricated through layer-by-layer physical vapor deposition (PVD). The change in the peak position of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) was monitored as a function of time and gas concentration. The responses of the films were preferential towards H2, as observed from the results of exposing the films to the gases at temperatures of 500 °C in a background of dry air. Characterization of the samples by XRD and SEM enabled the correlation of material properties with the differences in the CO- and H2-induced LSPR peak shifts, including the relative desensitization towards NO2. Sensing characteristics of films with varying support thicknesses and metal-particle diameters have been studied, and the results are presented. A comparison has been made to films fabricated through co-sputtered PVD, and the calibration curves of the sensing response show a preferential response towards H2. The distinction between H2 and CO responses is also seen through the use of principal-component analysis (PCA). Such material arrangements, which can be tuned for their selectivity by changing certain parameters such as particle size, support thickness, etc., have direct applications within optical chemical sensors for turbine engines, solid-oxide fuel cells, and other high-temperature applications.
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Zhou, Ziji, Hongyu Lin, Xiaohang Pan, Chong Tan, Dongjie Zhou, Zhengji Wen, Yan Sun, et al. "Surface plasmon enhanced InAs-based mid-wavelength infrared photodetector." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 9 (February 27, 2023): 091105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0140370.
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High performance photodetectors operating in the mid-wavelength infrared spectral range are of great significance in many applications such as defense, surveillance, gas sensing, and night vision. A key parameter in the design of infrared detectors is the thickness of the absorber layer; reaching high absorption with a thin absorber layer can significantly enhance the performance of the device. In this work, we demonstrate the enhancement of InAs-base infrared detectors using surface plasmon nanostructures. Experimental results show that our device exhibits broadband enhancement compared to the reference with an increase in peak responsivity of about 50%. Further analysis shows that the enhancement of the device is attributed to the near-field localization effect of the plasma structure, which is well demonstrated by the experimental dual-peak spectrum. Such mechanisms provide valuable insight into the plasmon-enhanced infrared photodetector.
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ELMAS DURAN, NUR, and İNCİ ÇAPAN. "MACROCYCLE RING AND PERIPHERAL GROUP SIZES-DEPENDENT VAPOR SENSING PROPERTY OF COPPER PHTHALOCYANINE THIN FILMS." Surface Review and Letters 27, no. 11 (August 18, 2020): 2050006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x20500067.
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Spin-coated thin films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) were fabricated using different rotation speeds from 250 rpm to 1250 rpm. The structural characterization of these films was analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Gas sensing properties of these spun thin films were investigated against different volatile organic compounds such as chloroform, dichloromethane and toluene using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. CuPc thin films were found to be highly sensitive to chloroform and dichloromethane vapor with fast response and recovery times. These measurements clearly indicated that the CuPc molecule is a promising material for the development of the room temperature vapor sensing applications with sensitivities between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] percent response ppm[Formula: see text]. Three different functional groups of CuPc structures coded as CuPc I, II and III were investigated which differ from each other in their chemical structures in terms of their microcycle ring groups and peripheral groups, all attached to the same free base porphyrin skeleton. The number of microcycle ring groups and peripheral groups were found to be efficient on the gas sensing properties. The calculated refractive index and extinction coefficients using SPR curves were [Formula: see text] for CuPc I thin film, [Formula: see text] for CuPc II thin film and [Formula: see text] for CuPc III thin film, respectively. For different substrate rotation speeds, the thin film thicknesses vary between 2[Formula: see text]nm and 6[Formula: see text]nm for CuPc I and CuPc III thin films whereas it ranges between 4[Formula: see text]nm and 9[Formula: see text]nm for CuPc II thin film.
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Santos, Andréia, Andreia Vaz, Paula Rodrigues, Ana Veloso, Armando Venâncio, and António Peres. "Thin Films Sensor Devices for Mycotoxins Detection in Foods: Applications and Challenges." Chemosensors 7, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors7010003.
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Mycotoxins are a group of secondary metabolites produced by different species of filamentous fungi and pose serious threats to food safety due to their serious human and animal health impacts such as carcinogenic, teratogenic and hepatotoxic effects. Conventional methods for the detection of mycotoxins include gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry or other detectors (fluorescence or UV detection), thin layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These techniques are generally straightforward and yield reliable results; however, they are time-consuming, require extensive preparation steps, use large-scale instruments, and consume large amounts of hazardous chemical reagents. Rapid detection of mycotoxins is becoming an increasingly important challenge for the food industry in order to effectively enforce regulations and ensure the safety of food and feed. In this sense, several studies have been done with the aim of developing strategies to detect mycotoxins using sensing devices that have high sensitivity and specificity, fast analysis, low cost and portability. The latter include the use of microarray chips, multiplex lateral flow, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering and biosensors using nanoparticles. In this perspective, thin film sensors have recently emerged as a good candidate technique to meet such requirements. This review summarizes the application and challenges of thin film sensor devices for detection of mycotoxins in food matrices.
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Lee, Yoon Young, Ryeong Myeong Kim, Sang Won Im, Mani Balamurugan, and Ki Tae Nam. "Plasmonic metamaterials for chiral sensing applications." Nanoscale 12, no. 1 (2020): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr08433a.
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Here, we will discuss the principles of recent issues in chiral sensing of plasmonic metamaterials, including suggested formulas for signal enhancement of chiral plasmonic sensors, and studies on platforms that employ different sensing mechanisms.
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Taradh, Aqeel Y., and Wasan R. Saleh. "Fabrication and Characterization of Functionalized Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Flexible Network Modified by a Layer of Polypyrrole Conductive Polymer and Metallic Nanoparticles." Nano Hybrids and Composites 36 (June 20, 2022): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-zyn5k5.
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Short Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes functionalized with OH group (MWCNTs-OH) were used to synthesize flexible MWCNTs networks. The MWCNTs suspension was synthesized using Benzoquinone (BQ) and N, N Dimethylformamide alcohol (DMF) in specific values and then deposited on filter paper by filtration from suspension (FFS) method. Polypyrrole (PPy) conductive polymer doped with metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) prepared using in-situ chemical polymerization method. To improve the properties of the MWCNTs networks, a coating layer of (PPy) conductive polymer, PPy:Ag nanoparticles, and PPy: Cu nanoparticles were applied to the network. The fabricated networks were characterized using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), UV-Vis. spectrometer, and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). XRD results revealed that the broadening for the (002) peak decreased after being coated with PPy and increased for the doped samples with MNPs, indicating on decrease in the crystalline size (MWCNTs/PPy) sample and increasing for doped ones with Ag and Cu MNPs. AFM images revealed that the surface roughness of the MWCNTs-OH network decreased after being coated with PPy, PPy: Ag, and PPy: Cu. With the help of AFM and XRD results, the CNTs contain 14 layers, while the inner and outer diameters were 18.2 nm and 27 nm receptivity. The UV-Vis. spectrum of MWCNTs showed several peaks, the highest in the 350 nm range. The coated of MWCNTs greatly affected the absorption spectrum, with many bands appearing between 300 to 450 nm and increasing the absorbance along the overall spectrum. For samples doped with Ag NPs and Cu NPs, a weak absorption peak of the plasmonic resonance frequency of the metallic nanoparticles. Analysis of Raman spectra shows that (ID/IG) ratios for all networks are less than one, which prove that the fabricated networks have few impurities and have good homogeneity. This work aimed to synthesize and characterize a flexible MWCNTs network and develop it by coated with a layer of conductive polymer and metallic nanoparticles for gas sensing application using quick and straightforward preparation methods.
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Powell, Alexander W., David M. Coles, Robert A. Taylor, Andrew A. R. Watt, Hazel E. Assender, and Jason M. Smith. "Plasmonic Gas Sensing Using Nanocube Patch Antennas." Advanced Optical Materials 4, no. 4 (January 13, 2016): 634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201500602.
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Ho, HoPui. "Application of spectral surface plasmon resonance to gas pressure sensing." Optical Engineering 44, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 124403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2148913.
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Mauriz, Elba. "Clinical Applications of Visual Plasmonic Colorimetric Sensing." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 6214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216214.
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Colorimetric analysis has become of great importance in recent years to improve the operationalization of plasmonic-based biosensors. The unique properties of nanomaterials have enabled the development of a variety of plasmonics applications on the basis of the colorimetric sensing provided by metal nanoparticles. In particular, the extinction of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the visible range has permitted the exploitation of LSPR colorimetric-based biosensors as powerful tools for clinical diagnostics and drug monitoring. This review summarizes recent progress in the biochemical monitoring of clinical biomarkers by ultrasensitive plasmonic colorimetric strategies according to the distance- or the morphology/size-dependent sensing modes. The potential of colorimetric nanosensors as point of care devices from the perspective of naked-eye detection is comprehensively discussed for a broad range of analytes including pharmaceuticals, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, bacteria, and viruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The practical suitability of plasmonic-based colorimetric assays for the rapid visual readout in biological samples, considering current challenges and future perspectives, is also reviewed.
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Ruffato, G., F. Romanato, D. Garoli, and S. Cattarin. "Nanoporous gold plasmonic structures for sensing applications." Optics Express 19, no. 14 (June 22, 2011): 13164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.013164.
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Markov, Andrey, and Maksim Skorobogatiy. "Hybrid plasmonic terahertz fibers for sensing applications." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 18 (October 28, 2013): 181118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4829001.
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