Journal articles: 'Gas-Phase Ion/Ion Reactions'

1

Sablier, Michel, and Christian Rolando. "Gas-phase ion-atom reactions." Mass Spectrometry Reviews 12, no. 5-6 (September 1993): 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mas.1280120503.

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Bu, Jiexun, Alice L. Pilo, and Scott A. McLuckey. "Gas phase click chemistry via ion/ion reactions." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 390 (November 2015): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2015.05.010.

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3

Peng, Zhou, and Scott A. McLuckey. "C-terminal peptide extension via gas-phase ion/ion reactions." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 391 (November 2015): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2015.07.027.

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4

Creaser, Colin S., and Brian L. Williamson. "Selective gas-phase ion–molecule reactions of the benzoyl ion." J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., no. 14 (1994): 1677–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39940001677.

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5

Pilo, Alice L., Feifei Zhao, and Scott A. McLuckey. "Gas-Phase Oxidation via Ion/Ion Reactions: Pathways and Applications." Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 28, no. 6 (January 3, 2017): 991–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13361-016-1554-2.

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6

Bowie, John H., Charles H. Depuy, Sally A. Sullivan, and Veronica M. Bierbaum. "Gas-phase reactions of the hydroperoxide and peroxyformate anions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1046–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-175.

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The flowing afterglow technique has been used to study the reactions of HO2−and HC3− in the gas phase. The hydroperoxide ion reacts slowly with CO to form HO−, and oxidizes CO2, OCS, CS2, NO, SO2, CH3NCO, and CH3NCS in fast reactions to form CO3−, CO2S−, COS2−, NO2−, SO3−, CH3NCO2−, and CH3NCOS−, respectively. Reactions of HO2− with certain amides and esters provide synthetic routes for a number of interesting peracyl anions. One of these, the peroxyformate ion, HCO3−, reacts with CO and NO in slow oxidation reactions to form the formate ion HCO2−. It also forms HCO2− upon reaction with acetone and pivalaldehyde, perhaps by Baeyer–Villiger oxidation.

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HIRAOKA, Kenzo, Takashi SHODA, Shinichi YAMABE, and Edgar W. IGNACIO. "Gas-Phase Ion-Molecule Reactions in Tetrahydrothiophene." Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan 46, no. 5 (1998): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5702/massspec.46.442.

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8

TAKAO, Kiyotoshi, Takayuki MIZUNO, Tomoyuki IINO, Fumiyuki NAKAGAWA, Hiroko SUYAMA, Kenzo HIRAOKA, and Shinichi YAMABE. "Gas-Phase Ion/Molecule Reactions in Octafluorocyclobutane." Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan 50, no. 5 (2002): 226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5702/massspec.50.226.

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9

TAKAO, Kiyotosi, Koki HIIZUMI, Kazuo FUJITA, Masayumi ISHIDA, Toshiyasu ICHIKAWA, Hiroshi OKADA, Kenzo HIRAOKA, and Shinichi YAMABE. "Gas-Phase Ion/Molecule Reactions in C5F8." Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan 52, no. 5 (2004): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5702/massspec.52.301.

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10

Hiraoka, K., K. Fujita, M. Ishida, T. Ichikawa, H. Okada, K. Hiizumi, A. Wada, K. Takao, S. Yamabe, and N. Tsuchida. "Gas-Phase Ion/Molecule Reactions in C5F8." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 109, no. 6 (February 2005): 1049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp040251k.

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11

Hiraoka, Kenzo, Takayuki Mizuno, Daisuke Eguchi, Kiyotoshi Takao, Tomoyuki Iino, and Shinichi Yamabe. "Gas-phase ion/molecule reactions in octafluorocyclobutane." Journal of Chemical Physics 116, no. 17 (May 2002): 7574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1400787.

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12

Su, Timothy, Aaron C. L. Su, A. A. Viggiano, and John F. Paulson. "Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of perfluoroolefins." Journal of Physical Chemistry 91, no. 13 (June 1987): 3683–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100297a044.

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13

Hiraoka, K., N. Mochizuki, A. Wada, H. Okada, T. Ichikawa, D. Asakawa, and I. Yazawa. "Gas-phase ion/molecule reactions in C2F4." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 272, no. 1 (April 2008): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2007.12.013.

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14

Speranza, Maurizio. "Enantioselectivity in gas-phase ion–molecule reactions." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 232, no. 3 (April 2004): 277–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2004.02.008.

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15

Hiraoka, Kenzo, Kiyotoshi Takao, Tomoyuki Iino, Fumiyuki Nakagawa, Hiroko Suyama, Takayuki Mizuno, and Shinichi Yamabe. "Gas-Phase Ion−Molecule Reactions in C3F6." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 106, no. 4 (January 2002): 603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0116306.

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16

Fordham, P., M. Deschasse, V. Haldys, J. Tortajada, and J. P. Morizur. "Gas-Phase Reactivity of Copper Cations with Ketones." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 7, no. 4-5 (August 2001): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.441.

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Gas-phase ion–molecule reactions between copper ions and ketones were investigated. Organometallic adducts were prepared using a chemical ionisation/fast-atom bombardment source. Abundant pseudo-molecular ion adducts were observed in the Cu+-chemical ionisation mass spectra and their unimolecular decompositions were studied by tandem mass spectrometry. Mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectroscopy revealed diagnostic fragmentation patterns. Losses of alkenes, losses of alkanes and dehydrogenation and dehydration reactions were observed, as well as eliminations of CuR (R = C nH2 n + 1). The rich reaction chemistry of the cationised ketones enabled differentiation of the majority of the linear and branched ketone isomers studied. Isotope-labelled derivatives were employed to elucidate fragmentation mechanisms.

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17

Grigorean, Gabriela, Scott Gronert, and Carlito B. Lebrilla. "Enantioselective gas-phase ion–molecule reactions in a quadrupole ion trap." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 219, no. 1 (August 2002): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-3806(02)00558-4.

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18

Newton, Kelly A., and Scott A. McLuckey. "Gas-Phase Peptide/Protein Cationizing Agent Switching via Ion/Ion Reactions." Journal of the American Chemical Society 125, no. 41 (October 2003): 12404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja036924e.

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19

Xavier, Luciano A., and José M. Riveros. "Gas-phase ion chemistry of Ti(O-i-Pr)4." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-202.

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The positive and negative gas-phase ion chemistry of Ti(O-i-Pr)4 was investigated at low pressures by FT-ICR. The fragment ion, (i-PrO)3Ti-O+=C(H)Me, reacts with the parent neutral by proton transfer and by a nucleophilic additionelimination reaction. The nature of the fragment ion and the ensuing ionmolecule reactions clearly indicate that Ti(O-i-Pr)4 exists as a monomer in the gas phase. In the negative ion mode, F was found to react easily with Ti(O-i-Pr)4 to yield the pentacoordinated complex FTi(O-i-Pr)4 ion. This hypervalent Ti species undergoes a series of sequential fragmentations induced by IR multiphoton excitation. The first step is unusual because two channels are observed by IRMPD: one involves loss of HF, and the other loss of i-PrOH. The subsequent dissociation processes are characterized by progressive elimination of propene giving rise to a number of different titanaoxirane-containing anions with the general formula [(η2-CMe2O)Ti(OH)3n(i-PrO)n]. FTi(O-i-Pr)4 was also observed to undergo multiple alkoxidefluoride exchanges with BF3 leading to the eventual formation of TiF5.Key words: titanium tetraisoproxide, gas-phase ion chemistry, hypervalent Ti, ionmolecule reactions, IRMPD.

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20

Stephenson, James L., and Scott A. McLuckey. "Ion/Ion Reactions in the Gas Phase: Proton Transfer Reactions Involving Multiply-Charged Proteins." Journal of the American Chemical Society 118, no. 31 (January 1996): 7390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja9611755.

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21

Van Doren, Jane M., Charles H. DePuy, and Veronica M. Bierbaum. "Gas-phase isotope-exchange reactions with chloride ion." Journal of Physical Chemistry 93, no. 3 (February 1989): 1130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100340a021.

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22

Jiao, C. Q., and S. F. Adams. "Gas-phase ion–molecule reactions in selected cyclohexanes." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 321-322 (May 2012): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2012.05.012.

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23

Binkley, Roger W., Michael J. S. Tevesz, and Witold Winnik. "Reactions of phenoxide ion in the gas phase." Journal of Organic Chemistry 57, no. 20 (September 1992): 5507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00046a037.

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24

Hunter, John A., Chris A. F. Johnson, Iseabal J. M. McGill, John E. Parker, and Gerry P. Smith. "Some gas-phase ion–molecule reactions of acetone." J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2 83, no. 11 (1987): 2025–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f29878302025.

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25

Gal, Jean-Francois, Marta Herreros, Pierre Charles Maria, Lorenza Operti, Claudio Pettigiani, Roberto Rabezzana, and Gian Angelo Vaglio. "Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions in organophosphorus esters." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 34, no. 12 (December 1999): 1296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9888(199912)34:12<1296::aid-jms883>3.0.co;2-z.

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26

Foreman, David J., and Scott A. McLuckey. "Recent Developments in Gas-Phase Ion/Ion Reactions for Analytical Mass Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 92, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 252–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05014.

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27

He, Muyi, You Jiang, Dan Guo, Xingchuang Xiong, Xiang Fang, and Wei Xu. "Dual-Polarity Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry: Dynamic Monitoring and Controlling Gas-phase Ion–Ion Reactions." Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 28, no. 7 (May 25, 2017): 1262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13361-016-1504-z.

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28

Hirao, Kimihiko, and Paul Kebarle. "SN2 reactions in the gas phase. Transition states for the reaction: Cl− + RBr = ClR + Br−, where R = CH3, C2H5, and iso-C3H7, from abinitio calculations and comparison with experiment. Solvent effects." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 1262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-192.

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The geometries and the energies of the reactants, transition state, and products for the gas phase reaction: Cl− + CH3Br = ClCH3 + Br−, were obtained from abinitio calculations using a closed shell SCF method with a MINI basis set developed by Huzinaga etal. The energy changes predicted by the calculations are found in good agreement with the experimental data. The energies and geometries of the reactants and the transition state for the gas phase reactions: Cl− + RBr = ClR + Br−, where R = C2H5 and iso-C3H7, were also obtained. The resulting activation energies follow the same trend as the experimental data: Me < Et < iso-Pr; however, the predicted increase of activation energy is considerably larger. The energies and geometries for the reactants, transition state, and products of the gas phase ion-dihydrate reaction: Cl−(H2O)2 + CH3Br → H2O(ClCH3Br)−H2O → Br−(H2O)2 + CH3Cl were obtained as well. These data provide an interesting comparison with experimental results in aqueous solution. The reaction coordinate of the ion-dihydrate reaction is very much closer to that for aqueous solution than to that for the gas phase. Keywords: nucleophilic substitution reactions, ion–molecule reactions, activation energy.

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29

Satta, Mauro, Mattea Carmen Castrovilli, Francesca Nicolanti, Anna Rita Casavola, Carlo Mancini Terracciano, and Antonella Cartoni. "Perspectives of Gas Phase Ion Chemistry: Spectroscopy and Modeling." Condensed Matter 7, no. 3 (July 21, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat7030046.

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The study of ions in the gas phase has a long history and has involved both chemists and physicists. The interplay of their competences with the use of very sophisticated commercial and/or homemade instrumentations and theoretical models has improved the knowledge of thermodynamics and kinetics of many chemical reactions, even if still many stages of these processes need to be fully understood. The new technologies and the novel free-electron laser facilities based on plasma acceleration open new opportunities to investigate the chemical reactions in some unrevealed fundamental aspects. The synchrotron light source can be put beside the FELs, and by mass spectrometric techniques and spectroscopies coupled with versatile ion sources it is possible to really change the state of the art of the ion chemistry in different areas such as atmospheric and astro chemistry, plasma chemistry, biophysics, and interstellar medium (ISM). In this manuscript we review the works performed by a joint combination of the experimental studies of ion–molecule reactions with synchrotron radiation and theoretical models adapted and developed to the experimental evidence. The review concludes with the perspectives of ion–molecule reactions by using FEL instrumentations as well as pump probe measurements and the initial attempt in the development of more realistic theoretical models for the prospective improvement of our predictive capability.

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30

Newton, Kelly A., Ravi Amunugama, and Scott A. McLuckey. "Gas-Phase Ion/Ion Reactions of Multiply Protonated Polypeptides with Metal Containing Anions." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 109, no. 16 (April 2005): 3608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp044106i.

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31

Nibbering, Nico M. M. "Gas-phase ion/molecule reactions as studied by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance." Accounts of Chemical Research 23, no. 9 (September 1990): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar00177a003.

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32

Prentice, Boone M., William M. McGee, John R. Stutzman, and Scott A. McLuckey. "Strategies for the gas phase modification of cationized arginine via ion/ion reactions." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 354-355 (November 2013): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2013.05.026.

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33

Operti, Lorenza, Roberto Rabezzana, Gian Angelo Vaglio, and Paolo Volpe. "Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions in ammonia-methylsilane mixtures studied by ion trapping." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 509, no. 2 (March 1996): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(95)05830-i.

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34

Benzi, P., L. Operti, R. Rabezzana, M. Splendore, and P. Volpe. "Gas phase ion/molecule reactions in phosphine/germane mixtures studied by ion trapping." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 152, no. 1 (January 1996): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(95)04326-8.

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35

Borsdorf, Helko, and Robert G. Ewing. "Gas phase ion chemistry: what do we know about reactions and ion formation?" International Journal for Ion Mobility Spectrometry 18, no. 1-2 (May 10, 2015): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12127-015-0173-0.

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36

Lin, Ziqing, Lei Tan, Sandilya Garimella, Linfan Li, Tsung-Chi Chen, Wei Xu, Yu Xia, and Zheng Ouyang. "Characterization of a DAPI-RIT-DAPI System for Gas-Phase Ion/Molecule and Ion/Ion Reactions." Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 25, no. 1 (October 23, 2013): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13361-013-0757-z.

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37

HIRAOKA, Kenzo. "Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry -Gas Phase Ion/Molecule Reactions-." Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan 58, no. 3 (2010): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5702/massspec.58.93.

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38

Viggiano, A. A., Robert A. Morris, and John F. Paulson. "Rotational temperature dependences of gas phase ion–molecule reactions." Journal of Chemical Physics 89, no. 8 (October 15, 1988): 4848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455679.

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39

Gibson, John K. "Gas-Phase Reactions of Americium Ion, Am+, with Alkenes." Organometallics 17, no. 12 (June 1998): 2583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om9801554.

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40

Innorta*, Giuseppe, Sandro Torroni, Andrea Maranzana, and Glauco Tonachini*. "Entropy effects in gas phase ion-molecule association reactions." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 626, no. 1-2 (April 2001): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00945-1.

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41

Zappey, Herman W., Steen Ingemann, and Nico M. M. Nibbering. "Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of the CH3O+ cation." Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 3, no. 5 (July 1992): 515–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1044-0305(92)85028-i.

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42

Cetini, Giuseppe, Lorenza Operti, Roberto Rabezzana, Gian Angelo Vaglio, and Paolo Volpe. "Gas phase ion/molecule reactions in phosphine/methylsilane mixtures." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 519, no. 1-2 (July 1996): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-328x(96)06249-3.

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43

Antoniotti, Paola, Lorenza Operti, Roberto Rabezzana, Gian Angelo Vaglio, Paolo Volpe, Jean-François Gal, Renaud Grover, and Pierre-Charles Maria. "Gas Phase Ion−Molecule Reactions in Phosphine/Silane Mixtures." Journal of Physical Chemistry 100, no. 1 (January 1996): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp951439u.

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44

Yang, Jiong, and Kristina Håkansson. "Fragmentation of oligoribonucleotides from gas-phase ion-electron reactions." Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 17, no. 10 (October 2006): 1369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2006.05.006.

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45

Cetini, G. "Gas phase ion/molecule reactions in phosphine/methylsilane mixtures." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 519, no. 1-2 (July 26, 1996): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(96)06249-3.

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46

Gericke, Karl-Heinz. "Control of Ion–Molecule Reactions in the Gas Phase." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 34, no. 8 (May 2, 1995): 885–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199508851.

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47

Speranza, Maurizio, Francesco Gasparrini, Bruno Botta, Claudio Villani, Deborah Subissati, Caterina Fraschetti, and Fabiana Subrizi. "Gas-phase enantioselective reactions in noncovalent ion-molecule complexes." Chirality 21, no. 1 (January 2009): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.20606.

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48

O’Hair, Richard A. J. "Gas-phase studies of metal catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions of esters." Pure and Applied Chemistry 87, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-1108.

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AbstractMetal-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reactions of esters offer new opportunities for formation of C–C bonds with CO2as the only coproduct. Here I provide an overview of: key solution phase literature; thermochemical considerations for decarboxylation of esters and thermolysis of esters in the absence of a metal catalyst. Results from my laboratory on the use of multistage ion trap mass spectrometry experiments and DFT calculations to probe the gas-phase metal catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions of allyl acetate and related esters are then reviewed. These studies have explored the role of the metal carboxylate complex in the gas phase decarboxylative coupling of allyl acetate proceeding via a simple two-step catalytic cycle. In Step 1, an organometallic ion, [CH3ML]+/–(where M is a group 10 or 11 metal and L is an auxillary ligand), is allowed to undergo ion-molecule reactions with allyl acetate to generate 1-butene and the metal acetate ion, [CH3CO2ML]+/–. In Step 2, the metal acetate ion is subjected to collision-induced dissociation to reform the organometallic ion and thereby close the catalytic cycle. DFT calculations have been used to explore the mechanisms of these reactions. The organometallic ions [CH3CuCH3]–, [CH3Cu2]+, [CH3AgCu]+and [CH3M(phen)]+(where M = Ni, Pd and Pt) all undergo C–C bond coupling reactions with allyl acetate (Step 1), although the reaction efficiencies and product branching ratios are highly dependant on the nature of the metal complex. For example, [CH3Ag2]+does not undergo C–C bond coupling. Using DFT calculations, a diverse range of mechanisms have been explored for these C–C bond-coupling reactions including: oxidative-addition, followed by reductive elimination; insertion reactions and SN2-like reactions. Which of these mechanisms operate is dependant on the nature of the metal complex. A wide range of organometallic ions can be formed via decarboxylation (Step 2) although these reactions can be in competition with other fragmentation channels. DFT calculations have located different types of transition states for the formation of [CH3CuCH3]–, [CH3Cu2]+, [CH3AgCu]+and [CH3M(phen)]+(where M = Ni, Pd and Pt). Of the catalysts studied to date, [CH3Cu2]+and [CH3Pd(phen)]+are best at promoting C–C bond formation (Step 1) as well as being regenerated (Step 2). Preliminary results on the reactions of [C6H5M(phen)]+(M = Ni and Pd) with C6H5CO2CH2CH=CH2and C6H5CO2CH2C6H5are described.

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49

Brown, Ronald D., Dinah M. Cragg, and Ryan P. A. Bettens. "Interstellar chemistry: hot-ion reactions." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 245, no. 4 (August 15, 1990): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/245.4.623.

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Summary We have explored the possible significance on interstellar chemistry of translationally excited ions (‘hot ions’) produced in exothermic reactions, focusing on weaknesses that remain in existing gas-phase models of cloud chemistry. Particular instances are the lack of success in accounting for observed abundances of NH3, N2H+ and cyanopolyacetylenes. When ‘hot-ion’ reactions are included in the ion-molecule model we obtain predicted abundances in cold clouds like TMC-1, agreeing very well with observations (to better than one order of magnitude) for virtually all smaller molecules included in the model. In particular, the discrepancies for NH3, N2H+ and cyanopolyacetylenes no longer arise. This occurs in the time regime 106.3–106.5 yr [note that this is not the time where the abundance of complex species go through a maximum (˜ 105.5 yr) but somewhat later] and not for very old clouds (age > 107.5 yr). If we use rate constants for hydrogen atom abstraction reactions based on current estimates of their activation energies, then the ‘hot-ion’ reactions do not lead to a noticeable increase in the production of longer chain hydrocarbons. However, for smaller values of these activation energies (for example, those that might make the rate constants around 10−11 cm3 s−1), such hot-ion reactions could dramatically increase the efficiency of carbon-chain building by gas-phase reactions. Therefore, these hot-ion processes may ultimately prove to be the basis of the build-up of these larger species in cold clouds. If the build-up of long chains is to be attributed to the effect of these hot-ion reactions, then the unexpectedly gradual decline in the abundances of CnH, with increasing n, is readily explained. It seems plausible to attribute the irregular variation in these abundances to the enhanced rate of ion-dipolar processes as compared with ion-non-polar reactions, although such influences are more pronounced at greater cloud ages (> 107.5 yr).

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50

Gao, Yang, Jiexun Bu, Zhou Peng, and Biwei Yang. "Radical Reactions in the Gas Phase: Recent Development and Application in Biomolecules." Journal of Spectroscopy 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/570863.

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This review summarizes recent literature describing the use of gas phase radical reactions for structural characterization of complex biomolecules other than peptides. Specifically, chemical derivatization, in-source chemical reaction, and gas phase ion/ion reactions have been demonstrated as effective ways to generate radical precursor ions that yield structural informative fragments complementary to those from conventional collision-induced dissociation (CID). Radical driven dissociation has been applied to a variety of biomolecules including peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and phospholipids. The majority of the molecules discussed in this review see limited fragmentation from conventional CID, and the gas phase radical reactions open up completely new dissociation channels for these molecules and therefore yield high fidelity confirmation of the structures of the target molecules. Due to the extensively studied peptide fragmentation, this review focuses only on nonpeptide biomolecules such as nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and phospholipids.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gas-Phase Ion/Ion Reactions'

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