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Journal articles on the topic 'Gas-particle flows'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Ishii, R., and Y. Umeda. "Freejet flows of gas-particle mixtures." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 2, no. 1 (January 1988): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.56.

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2

Ishii, R., Y. Umeda, and K. Kawasaki. "Nozzle flows of gas–particle mixtures." Physics of Fluids 30, no. 3 (1987): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866325.

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3

Zhou, Lixing, and Zhuoxiong Zeng. "Studies on gas turbulence and particle fluctuation in dense gas-particle flows." Acta Mechanica Sinica 24, no. 3 (May 8, 2008): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10409-008-0156-z.

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4

Ishii, R., Y. Umeda, and M. Yuhi. "Numerical analysis of gas-particle two-phase flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 203 (June 1989): 475–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112089001552.

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This paper is concerned with a numerical analysis of axisymmetric gas-particle two-phase flows. Underexpanded supersonic free-jet flows and supersonic flows around a truncated cylinder of gas-particle mixtures are solved numerically on the super computer Fujitsu VP-400. The gas phase is treated as a continuum medium, and the particle phase is treated partly as a discrete one. The particle cloud is divided into a large number of small clouds. In each cloud, the particles are approximated to have the same velocity and temperature. The particle flow field is obtained by following these individual clouds separately in the whole computational domain. In estimating the momentum and heat transfer rates from the particle phase to the gas phase, the contributions from these clouds are averaged over some volume whose characteristic length is small compared with the characteristic length of the flow field but large compared with that of the clouds. The results so obtained reveal that the flow characteristics of the gas-particle mixtures are widely different from those of the dust-free gas at many points.
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5

Gusev, V. N., and Yu V. Nikol'skii. "Modeling gas dynamic particle interaction in rarefied gas flows." Fluid Dynamics 22, no. 1 (1987): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01050863.

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6

Shaffer, F. D., and R. A. Bajura. "Analysis of Venturi Performance for Gas-Particle Flows." Journal of Fluids Engineering 112, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2909359.

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In recent years, use of the venturi for measurement of gas-particle flows has received considerable attention. The technology for the venturi as a single-phase flowmeter has matured to the point that application is routine. Much more research, however, is required to establish the venturi as an acceptable gas-particle flowmeter. The first part of this paper consists of a discussion of the basic principles of venturi pressure-flow performance for gas-particle flows. This is followed by a description of the experimental calibration of a venturi for measurement of gas-particle flows with particle-to-gas mass-loading ratios up to 35. Next, a modified Stokes number is presented and shown to improve correlation of venturi pressure-flow data. Finally, the predictions of a model presented by Doss are compared with the pressure-flow data of the venturi calibration performed in this work. The Doss model provides good predictions of venturi differential pressures for particle-to-gas mass-loading ratios less than ten but tends to overpredict the differential pressure, by as much as 45 percent, for particle-to-gas mass-loading ratios above 10.
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7

Holloway, William, and Sankaran Sundaresan. "Filtered models for reacting gas–particle flows." Chemical Engineering Science 82 (September 2012): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2012.07.019.

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8

Holloway, William, and Sankaran Sundaresan. "Filtered models for bidisperse gas–particle flows." Chemical Engineering Science 108 (April 2014): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2013.12.037.

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9

Sikovskii, D. F. "Relations for particle deposition in turbulent gas-particle channel flows." Fluid Dynamics 45, no. 1 (February 2010): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0015462810010096.

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10

Sommerfeld, M. "Modelling of particle-wall collisions in confined gas-particle flows." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 18, no. 6 (November 1992): 905–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9322(92)90067-q.

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11

Oesterle, B., and A. Petitjean. "Simulation of particle-to-particle interactions in gas solid flows." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 19, no. 1 (February 1993): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9322(93)90033-q.

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12

Pratsinis, Sotiris E. "Particle production by gas-to-particle conversion in turbulent flows." Journal of Aerosol Science 20, no. 8 (January 1989): 1461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(89)90862-8.

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13

Zhang, Ma, Kim, and Lin. "Numerical Analysis of Supersonic Impinging Jet Flows of Particle-Gas Two Phases." Processes 8, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8020191.

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Supersonic impinging jet flows always occur when aircrafts start short takeoff and vertical landing from the ground. Supersonic flows with residues produced by chemical reaction of fuel mixture have the potential of reducing aircraft performance and landing ground. The adverse flow conditions such as impinging force, high noise spectrum, and high shear stress always take place. Due to rare data on particle-gas impinging jet flows to date, three-dimensional numerical simulations were carried out to investigate supersonic impinging jet flows of particle-gas two phases in the present studies. A convergent sonic nozzle and a convergent-divergent supersonic nozzle were used to induce supersonic impinging jet flows. Discrete phase model (DPM), where interaction with continuous phase and two-way turbulence coupling model were considered, was used to simulate particle-gas flows. Effects of different particle diameter and Stokes number were investigated. Particle mass loading of 10% were considered for all simulations. Gas and particle velocity contours, wall shear stress, and impinging force on the ground surface were obtained to describe different phenomena inside impinging and wall jet flows of single gas phase and gas-particle two phases.
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14

Ishii, R., N. Hatta, Y. Umeda, and M. Yuhi. "Supersonic gas-particle two-phase flow around a sphere." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 221 (December 1990): 453–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112090003639.

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This paper describes supersonic flows of a gas-particle mixture around a sphere. The Euler equations for a gas-phase interacting with a particle one are solved by using a TVD (Total Variation Diminishing) scheme developed by Chakravarthy & Osher, and the particle phase is solved by applying a discrete particle-cloud model. First, steady two-phase flows with a finite loading ratio are simulated. By comparing in detail the dusty results with the dust-free ones, the effects of the presence of particles on the flow field in the shock layer are clarified. Also an attempt to correlate the particle behaviours is made with universal parameters such as the Stokes number and the particle loading ratio. Next, non-steady two-phase flows are treated. Impingement of a large particle-cloud on a shock layer of a dust-free gas in front of a sphere is numerically simulated. The effect of particles rebounded from the sphere is taken into account. It is shown that a temporal reverse flow region of the gas is induced near the body axis in the shock layer, which is responsible for the appearance of the gas flow region where the pressure gradient becomes negative along the body surface. These phenomena are consistent with the previous experimental observations. It will be shown that the present results support a flow model for the particle-induced flow field postulated in connection with ‘heating augmentation’ found in the heat transfer measurement in hypersonic particle erosion environments. The particle behaviour in such flows is so complicated that it is almost impossible to treat the particle phase as an ordinary continuum medium.
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15

Mohanarangam, K., and J. Y. Tu. "Numerical Study of Particle Interaction in Gas-Particle and Liquid-Particle Flows: Part I Analysis and Validation." Journal of Computational Multiphase Flows 1, no. 3 (September 2009): 217–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1757-482x.1.3.217.

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A detailed study into the turbulent behaviour of dilute particulate flow under the influence of two carrier phases namely gas and liquid has been carried out behind a sudden expansion geometry. The major endeavour of the study is to ascertain the response of the particles within the carrier (gas or liquid) phase. The main aim prompting the current study is the density difference between the carrier and the dispersed phases. While the ratio is quite high in terms of the dispersed phase for the gas-particle flows, the ratio is far more less in terms of the liquid-particle flows. Numerical simulations were carried out for both these classes of flows using an Eulerian two-fluid model with RNG based k- emodel as the turbulent closure. An additional kinetic energy equation to better represent the combined fluid-particle behaviour is also employed in the current set of simulations. In the first part of this two part series, experimental results of Fessler and Eaton (1995) for Gas-Particle (GP) flow and that of Founti and Klipfel (1998) for Liquid-Particle (LP) flow have been compared and analysed. This forms the basis of the current study which aims to look at the particulate behaviour under the influence of two carrier phases. Further numerical simulations were carried out to test whether the current numerical formulation can used to simulate these varied type of flows and the same were validated against the experimental data of both GP as well LP flow. Qualitative results have been obtained for both these classes of flows with their respective experimental data both at the mean as well as at the turbulence level for carrier as well as the dispersed phases.
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16

Slater, Shane A., and John B. Young. "The calculation of inertial particle transport in dilute gas-particle flows." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 27, no. 1 (January 2001): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9322(99)00122-6.

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17

He, Yongxiang, and Haibo Zhao. "Conservative particle weighting scheme for particle collision in gas-solid flows." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 83 (July 2016): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2016.03.008.

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18

YUU, Shinichi. "Numerical Simulations for Gas-particle and Granular Flows." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 30, no. 3 (1993): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.30.3_194.

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19

Slater, S. A., A. D. Leeming, and J. B. Young. "Particle deposition from two-dimensional turbulent gas flows." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 29, no. 5 (May 2003): 721–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9322(03)00037-5.

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20

Yan, Xiaokang, William Holloway, and Sankaran Sundaresan. "Periodic flow structures in vertical gas-particle flows." Powder Technology 241 (June 2013): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.03.024.

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21

Baruah, C. K., and N. M. Reddy. "Modified governing equations for gas-particle nozzle flows." Acta Mechanica 71, no. 1-4 (February 1988): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01173948.

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22

Nussbaum, Julien, Philippe Helluy, Jean-Marc Hérard, and Alain Carriére. "Numerical simulations of gas-particle flows with combustion." Flow, Turbulence and Combustion 76, no. 4 (June 2006): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10494-006-9028-4.

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23

Mohanarangam, K., and J. Y. Tu. "Numerical Study of Particle Interaction in Gas-Particle and Liquid-Particle Flows: Part II Particle Response." Journal of Computational Multiphase Flows 1, no. 3 (September 2009): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1757-482x.1.3.245.

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In this paper the numerical model, which was presented in the first paper (Mohanarangam & Tu; 2009) of this series of study, is employed to study the different particle responses under the influence of two carrier phases namely the gas and the liquid. The numerical model takes into consideration the turbulent behaviour of both the carrier and the dispersed phases, with additional equations to take into account the combined fluid particle behaviour, thereby effecting a two-way coupling. The first paper in this series showed the distinct difference in particulate response both at the mean as well as at the turbulent level for two varied carrier phases. In this paper further investigation has been carried out over a broad range of particle Stokes number to further understand their behaviour in turbulent environments. In order to carry out this prognostic study, the backward facing step geometry of Fessler and Eaton (1999) has been adopted, while the inlet conditions for the carrier as well as the particle phases correspond to that of the experiments of Founti and Klipfel (1998). It is observed that at the mean velocity level the particulate velocities increased with a subsequent increase in the Stokes number for both the GP (Gas-Particle) as well as the LP (Liquid-Particle) flow. It was also observed that across the Stokes number there was a steady increase in the particulate turbulence for the GP flows with successive increase in Stokes number. However, for the LP flows, the magnitude of the increase in the particulate turbulence across the increasing of Stokes number is not as characteristic as the GP flow. Across the same sections for LP flows the majority of the trend shows a decrease after which they remain more or less a constant.
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24

Sommerfeld, M., A. Ando, and D. Wennerberg. "Swirling, Particle-Laden Flows Through a Pipe Expansion." Journal of Fluids Engineering 114, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910081.

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The present study concerns a particle-laden, swirling flow through a pipe expansion. A gas-particle flow enters the test section through a center tube, and a swirling air stream enters through a coaxial annulus. The swirl number based on the total inflow is 0.47. Numerical predictions of the gas flow were performed using a finite-volume approach for solving the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The predicted mean velocity profiles showed good agreement with experimental results when using the standard k-ε turbulence model. The turbulent kinetic energy of the gas phase, however, is considerably underpredicted by this turbulence model, especially in the initial mixing region of the two jets. The particle dispersion characteristics in this complex flow were studied by using the Lagrangian method for particle tracking and considering the particle size distribution. The influence of the particle phase onto the fluid flow was neglected in the present stage, since only low particle loadings were considered. The particle mean velocities were again predicted reasonably well and differences between experiment and simulation were only found in the velocity fluctuations, which is partly the result of the underpredicted turbulent kinetic energy of the gas phase. The most sensitive parameter for validating the quality of numerical simulations for particle dispersion is the development of the particle mean number diameter which showed reasonable agreement with the experiments, except for the core region of the central recirculation bubble. This, however, is attributed again to the predicted low turbulent kinetic energy of the gas phase.
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25

Hadinoto, K., E. N. Jones, C. Yurteri, and J. S. Curtis. "Reynolds number dependence of gas-phase turbulence in gas–particle flows." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 31, no. 4 (April 2005): 416–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2004.11.009.

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26

Tsuji, Yutaka. "Discrete particle simulation of gas-solid flows (From dilute to dense flows)." KONA Powder and Particle Journal 11 (1993): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14356/kona.1993010.

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27

Wong, Chong Yau, Joan Boulanger, and Gregory Short. "Modelling the Effect of Particle Size Distribution in Multiphase Flows with Computational Fluid Dynamics and Physical Erosion Experiments." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1615.

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It is known that particle size has an influence in determining the erosion rate, and hence equipment life, on a target material in single phase flows (i.e. flow of solid particles in liquid only or gas only flows). In reality single phase flow is rarely the case for field applications in the oil and gas industry. Field cases are typically multiphase in nature, with volumetric combinations of gas, liquid and sand. Erosion predictions of multiphase flows extrapolated from single phase flow results may be overly conservative. Current understanding of particle size distribution on material erosion in multiphase flows is limited. This work examines the effect of particle size distribution on material erosion of a cylindrical aluminium rod positioned in a 2" vertical pipe under slug and distributed bubble regimes using various water and air volume ratios. This is achieved through physical erosion experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations tailored to account for particle dynamics in multiphase flows.
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28

Teiwes, Arne, Maksym Dosta, Michael Jacob, and Stefan Heinrich. "Pulsed Multiphase Flows—Numerical Investigation of Particle Dynamics in Pulsating Gas–Solid Flows at Elevated Temperatures." Processes 8, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8070815.

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Although the benefits of pulsating multiphase flows and the concomitant opportunity to intensify heat and mass transfer processes for, e.g., drying, extraction or chemical reactions have been known for some time, the industrial implementation is still limited. This is particularly due to the lack of understanding of basic influencing factors, such as amplitude and frequency of the pulsating flow and the resulting particle dynamics. The pulsation generates oscillation of velocity, pressure, and temperature, intensifying the heat and mass transfer by a factor of up to five compared to stationary gas flow. With the goal of process intensification and targeted control of sub-processes or even the development of completely new processing routes for the formation, drying or conversion of particulate solids in pulsating gas flows as utilized in, e.g., pulse combustion drying or pulse combustion spray pyrolysis, the basic understanding of occurring transport processes is becoming more and more important. In the presented study, the influence of gas-flow conditions and particle properties on particle dynamics as well as particle residence time and the resulting heat and mass transfer in pulsating gas–solid flows are investigated.
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29

Doss, E. D., and M. G. Srinivasan. "Modeling of Wall Friction for Multispecies Solid-Gas Flows." Journal of Fluids Engineering 108, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 486–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3242608.

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The empirical expressions for the equivalent friction factor to simulate the effect of particle-wall interaction with a single solid species have been extended to model the wall shear stress for multispecies solid-gas flows. Expressions representing the equivalent shear stress for solid-gas flows obtained from these wall friction models are included in the one-dimensional two-phase flow model and it can be used to study the effect of particle-wall interaction on the flow characteristics.
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30

Liu, Yang, Xue Liu, Guohui Li, and Lixiang Jiang. "Numerical prediction effects of particle–particle collisions on gas–particle flows in swirl chamber." Energy Conversion and Management 52, no. 3 (March 2011): 1748–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.10.040.

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31

Lv, Sihao, Guohui Li, and Xue Liu. "Particle Dispersion Behaviors of Dense Gas-Particle Flows in Bubble Fluidized Bed." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 5 (January 2013): 616435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/616435.

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32

Srinivasan, M. G., and E. D. Doss. "Momentum transfer due to particle—particle interaction in dilute gas—solid flows." Chemical Engineering Science 40, no. 9 (1985): 1791–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(85)80044-0.

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33

AGRAWAL, KAPIL, PETER N. LOEZOS, MADHAVA SYAMLAL, and SANKARAN SUNDARESAN. "The role of meso-scale structures in rapid gas–solid flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 445 (October 16, 2001): 151–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112001005663.

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Meso-scale structures that take the form of clusters and streamers are commonly observed in dilute gas–particle flows, such as those encountered in risers. Continuum equations for gas–particle flows, coupled with constitutive equations for particle-phase stress deduced from kinetic theory of granular materials, can capture the formation of such meso-scale structures. These structures arise as a result of an inertial instability associated with the relative motion between the gas and particle phases, and an instability due to damping of the fluctuating motion of particles by the interstitial fluid and inelastic collisions between particles. It is demonstrated that the meso-scale structures are too small, and hence too expensive, to be resolved completely in simulation of gas–particle flows in large process vessels. At the same time, failure to resolve completely the meso-scale structures in a simulation leads to grossly inaccurate estimates of inter-phase drag, production/dissipation of pseudo-thermal energy associated with particle fluctuations, the effective particle-phase pressure and the effective viscosities. It is established that coarse-grid simulation of gas–particle flows must include sub-grid models, to account for the effects of the unresolved meso-scale structures. An approach to developing a plausible sub-grid model is proposed.
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34

Zhu, Hai Ping. "Impact Energy of Gas-Solid Flows." Applied Mechanics and Materials 628 (September 2014): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.628.323.

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The models for impact energies of gas-solid flows are proposed based on the governing equations of the flows, and then applied to investigate the energies of the gas-solid flow in a model blast furnace (BF). The kinetic energy, contact and friction energy dissipations, and energy dissipation from fluid – particle interactions are examined. The effect of solid flow rate on the energies is also studied. The results indicate that the distributions of the energies are related to the flow pattern of the solid flow.
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35

Chertock, Alina, Shumo Cui, and Alexander Kurganov. "Hybrid Finite-Volume-Particle Method for Dusty Gas Flows." SMAI journal of computational mathematics 3 (September 14, 2017): 139–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/smai-jcm.23.

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36

Forde, Magnar. "Quasi-one-dimensional gas/particle nozzle flows with shock." AIAA Journal 24, no. 7 (July 1986): 1196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.9415.

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37

LIU, Chunrong, and Yincheng GUO. "Mechanisms for Particle Clustering in Upward Gas-Solid Flows." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 14, no. 2 (April 2006): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1004-9541(06)60051-7.

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38

Li, Qiang, and Wenjing Yang. "Study on gas-particle heat transfer in oscillating flows." Powder Technology 314 (June 2017): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2016.12.041.

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39

Ritsch, M. L., and J. H. Davidson. "Phase Discrimination in Gas-Particle Flows Using Thermal Anemometry." Journal of Fluids Engineering 114, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 692–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910088.

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A technique to measure gas-phase turbulence modification by micron-sized particles with thermal anemometry is presented. Bridge output is first digitized and then spikes produced by particle impingement on the hot-wire probe detected using a slope threshold method and replaced by holding the last digital value before each spike. This procedure has negligible effect on flow statistics if spike duration is short compared to the time between spikes.
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40

Nieuwland, J. J., M. van Sint Annaland, J. A. M. Kuipers, and W. P. M. van Swaaij. "Hydrodynamic modeling of gas/particle flows in riser reactors." AIChE Journal 42, no. 6 (June 1996): 1569–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420608.

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41

Hrenya, Christine M., and Jennifer L. Sinclair. "Effects of particle-phase turbulence in gas-solid flows." AIChE Journal 43, no. 4 (April 1997): 853–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430402.

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42

Chen, C. P., and P. E. Wood. "A turbulence closure model for dilute gas-particle flows." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 63, no. 3 (June 1985): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450630301.

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43

Schuh, M. J., C. A. Schuler, and J. A. C. Humphrey. "Numerical calculation of particle-laden gas flows past tubes." AIChE Journal 35, no. 3 (March 1989): 466–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350315.

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44

Romanyuk, D. A., and Yu M. Tsirkunov. "UNSTEADY TWO-PHASE GAS-PARTICLE FLOWS IN BLADE CASCADES." Fluid Dynamics 55, no. 5 (September 2020): 609–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0015462820050122.

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45

Yan, F., M. F. Lightstone, and P. E. Wood. "Numerical study on turbulence modulation in gas–particle flows." Heat and Mass Transfer 43, no. 3 (March 10, 2006): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-006-0103-0.

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46

Agrawal, Kapil, William Holloway, Christian C. Milioli, Fernando E. Milioli, and Sankaran Sundaresan. "Filtered models for scalar transport in gas–particle flows." Chemical Engineering Science 95 (May 2013): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2013.03.017.

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47

Ling, Y., A. Haselbacher, and S. Balachandar. "Transient phenomena in one-dimensional compressible gas–particle flows." Shock Waves 19, no. 1 (February 26, 2009): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00193-009-0190-1.

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48

Gurris, Marcel, Dmitri Kuzmin, and Stefan Turek. "Finite element simulation of compressible particle-laden gas flows." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 233, no. 12 (April 2010): 3121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2009.07.041.

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49

De Guzman, M. M., C. A. J. Fletcher, and M. Behnia. "Gas particle flows about a Cobra probe with purging." Computers & Fluids 24, no. 2 (February 1995): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7930(94)00026-u.

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50

Zhang, Guang, Wei Wei Wang, Xiang Hui Su, Xiao Jun Li, Wen Hao Shen, and Zhe Lin. "Numerical Studies of Particle-Gas Two-Phase Flowing through Microshock Tubes." Shock and Vibration 2021 (February 15, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6628672.

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Abstract:
Microshock tubes are always used to induce shock waves and supersonic flows in aerospace and medical engineering fields. A needle-free drug delivery device including a microshock tube and an expanded nozzle is used for delivering solid drug powders through the skin surface without any injectors or pain. Therefore, to improve the performance of needle-free drug delivery devices, it is significantly important to investigate shock waves and particle-gas flows induced by microshock tubes. Even though shock waves and multiphase flows discharged from microshock tubes have been studied for several decades, the characteristics of unsteady particle-gas flows are not well known to date. In the present studies, three microshock tube models were used for numerical simulations. One microshock tube model with closed end was used to observe the reflected shock wave and flow characteristics behind it. The other two models are designed with a supersonic nozzle and a sonic nozzle at the exit of the driven section, respectively, to investigate particle-gas flows induced by different nozzles. Discrete phase method (DPM) was used to simulate unsteady particle-gas flows and the discrete random walk model was chosen to record the unsteady particle tracking. Numerical results were obtained for comparison with those from experimental pressure measurement and particle visualization. Shock wave propagation was observed to agree well with experimental results from numerical simulations. Particles were accelerated at the exit of microshock tube due to the reservoir pressure induced by reflected shock wave. Both sonic and supersonic nozzles were underexpanded at the end of microshock tubes. Particle velocity was calculated to be smaller than gas velocity, which results from larger drag of injected particles.
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