Journal articles on the topic 'Gas manufacture and works By-products'
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Saparudin, Muhammad Agus, Rizal Justian Setiawan, Eko Budi, Aji Puspito, and Imam Fauzi. "DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF BAMBOO HANDICRAFT DRYER MACHINE BASED ON LPG GAS." Tadulako Science and Technology Journal 2, no. 1 (August 12, 2021): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/sciencetech.v2i1.15555.
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Bamboo plant is one of Indonesia's natural resources. People use bamboo to make household furniture, fences, frames, and handicrafts. Bamboo plant is a special commodity that can be used as various kinds of handicraft products in DIY, precisely in Brajan area, Sleman Regency. Based on observations that have been conducted on one of the bamboo craftsmen in the Brajan area, bamboo handicraft is in great demand due to they have a unique and ethnic appearance, but the production process is quite complicated and takes a long time. According to the literature, this is due to bamboo plants are classified as herbaceous plants, namely plants with watery or wet stems. So far, the method used is drying bamboo handicrafts under the hot sun, and using a dryer that can only be used for one type of handicraft. This method is not optimal and not effective for producing bamboo handicrafts. Therefore, it is necessary to apply appropriate technology to optimize the production of bamboo crafts, the solution is to manufacture bamboo dryers to facilitate bamboo handicraft producers in the bamboo drying process. In general, the appearance of this tool resembles a cupboard. This tool has a size of 1200x800x1800 mm with three chambers. This tool works by utilizing the heat from the LPG gas stove. As a temperature controller, this tool is equipped with a blower that has been programmed with Arduino Uno and functions to stabilize the temperature if the heat generated exceeds the maximum limit. The dryer machine can dry bamboo handicrafts to a water content of 2.5% in just 40 minutes, very efficient compared to conventional methods. This tool can facilitate and optimize the production of bamboo handicrafts in the Brajan area, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta.
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Magerramova, L. A., Yu A. Nozhnitsky, S. A. Volkov, M. E. Volkov, V. Zh Chepurnov, S. V. Belov, I. S. Verbanov, and S. V. Zaikin. "Prospects of application of additive technologies to develop parts and components of gas turbine engines and ramjets." VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2019-18-3-81-98.
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The possibility of reducing the weight, simplifying the design, reducing the time and cost of development, production and operation are important advantages in the implementation of additive technologies (AT). The use of AT can significantly improve fuel efficiency, environmental and other characteristics of aircraft engines. The possibility of using AT in the production of various parts and components of engines is being currently investigated at CIAM. Examples of these developments, advantages of the use of AT and problems arising in the implementation of these technologies are presented in this article. Models of turbine blades with a highly efficient cooling system, in particular, with penetration cooling were designed and manufactured using optimization methods and taking into account the capabilities of AT. The possibilities of using AT for the manufacture of elements of molds for precision casting of gas turbine engine (GTE) blades of heat-resistant alloys and ceramic rods are shown. Elements of a two-zone front module of the low-emission combustion chamber of an advanced GTE are designed and manufactured using the AT method. Research of prospective branched tree channels of heat exchangers with mutually porous bodies that can be made only by AT methods and the use of which will make it possible to increase the efficiency of heat exchange in the case of lower weight, than that of the structures made by traditional technologies, is being carried out. The AT was used to manufacture complex elements of a ramjet engine. Fire tests of printed sections of the combustion chamber were carried out successfully. Cellular structures to be used in gas turbine engine parts with the aim of reducing their weight were developed. A hollow blade model with cellular-type core was made using AT. Tests of the designed cellular prototypes were carried out. The possibilities of reducing the mass of structural elements using cellular structures obtained by AT methods are shown. Research of hollow disks of turbines and other engine components produced with the aid of AT are carried out. Despite the fact that experimental studies of structural elements obtained by additive technologies have not been completed yet, these works show the prospects for the use of AT in the development of a wide range of engine parts and components.
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Satria, Eko, Melany Febrina, Mitra Djamal, Wahyu Srigutomo, and Martin Liess. "CO2 Thermal Conductivity Detection in Gas Mixture for Concentration Measurement Using Bridge Configuration of Thermopiles." Science and Technology Indonesia 7, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2022.7.4.443-448.
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In this research, improvisation was carried out by modifying the market IR thermopile which functions as a thermal conductivity detector to measure the concentration of CO2 gas in the gas mixture. Four thermopiles are configured with a Wheatstone bridge with the aim of increasing the accuracy of the measurement system in detecting changes in CO2 concentration in the gas mixture (N2 and CO2). Using the bridge configuration of these four thermopiles, this measurement system can measure changes in CO2 concentration in small orders. The sensor developed is easy to manufacture, low cost, and has high linearity as evidenced by a correlation coefficient of 0.9943. From the experiments carried out, the sensor works quite accurately in detecting CO2 concentrations with the sensor’s sensitivity of -88.19 Volt/%, the detection range is 0% to 100%, and the RMS error value is 2.25.
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Kokoev, M. N., V. T. Fedorov, and G. N. Hadgishalapov. "WIND ENERGY IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PENOSTEKL AND KERAMZIT." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, no. 1 (July 16, 2019): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-1-187-194.
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Objectives. Foamglass and expanded clay are absolutely fireproof, reliable and environmentally friendly heat insulators. But in the cost of their production, energy costs reach 40 ... 60%.Method. A part of the thermal energy required for the production of building materials was proposed to be developed by a wind power station (WPP).Result. A heating plant with a Darya turbine capable of operating in severe climatic conditions has been developed. The bearing part of the wind power installation consists of three simple masts, working mainly in compression. The masts are symmetrically placed relative to the center of the wind farm. The design feature is that the vertical shaft with the turbine is suspended at the top of the swivel at the point where the three almost horizontal cables meet. The free ends of the ropes pass through the blocks on the tops of the masts and are secured with anchors at ground level. Therefore, the shaft works mainly in tension and torsion and is well opposed to transverse vibrations. A simple generator without equipment for voltage and frequency regulation operates at WPPs, as for electric heaters of furnaces to which the generator current is supplied, power conditioning is not required. With a decrease in wind speed and a drop in HPP power, the automation supplies more fuel to the burners to maintain the temperature according to the regulations.Conclusion. Thus, the WPP capacity fills a part of the required heat output of the furnaces, and the missing part of the heat output is compensated by burning gas or fuel oil. If the WPP is located near the enterprise, then electricity is supplied to the consumer without transformers. It is cheaper to lay cables of a larger section than to complete a wind farm with two power transformers.
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Шоринов, Александр Владимирович. "ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ХОЛОДНОГО ГАЗОДИНАМИЧЕСКОГО НАПЫЛЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАЩИТЫ И ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ДЕТАЛЕЙ ИЗ МАГНИЕВЫХ СПЛАВОВ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 2 (April 26, 2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.2.03.
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Magnesium alloys are widely used in modern technology, especially in the aviation and automotive industries, primarily due to low density, which allows reducing the weight of products and structures significantly. However, one of the main disadvantages of magnesium alloys is low corrosion resistance, which limits the possibilities of their wide application. A large number of magnesium parts of helicopters are prone to corrosion in places of contact with parts made of other metals forming a galvanic couple. Moreover, magnesium alloys are also susceptible to surface damage due to impact, which often occurs in the manufacture, repair and maintenance of aviation equipment. Scratches and damage can lead to local corrosion. It is shown that energy- and resource-saving cold spraying technology is effective and advanced technology for repairing and recovering of magnesium parts against corrosion. The cold gas-dynamic spraying technology is a relatively new industry among the processes of thermal spraying. The cold spray process is based on accelerating the metal powder particles with a supersonic gas stream in the Laval nozzle followed by an impact on the substrate and the formation of a coating. The process is characterized in that the powder material used in the spraying process does not melt and therefore the oxidation of the coating decreases; there are no phase changes in the material and no considerable heating of the substrate. The results of the analysis of the current state of cold spraying of protective and restorative coatings as well as the analysis of the aviation engines magnesium parts manufactured by «MOTOR SICH», their damages, in particular corrosion, causes of occurrence and current protection methods are accomplished. The works aimed to deposition of cold spray corrosion-resistant coatings and its application for restoration and protection of magnesium parts against corrosion are analyzed. The previous work in the field of cold spraying of anticorrosive coatings was mainly aimed to achieving maximum density of coatings, since the absence of through porosity provides reliable protection of the base material. Coatings with a minimum porosity were obtained using the high-pressure cold spray systems. The analysis showed that the issue of using low-pressure cold-spray equipment remains open and confirms the urgency of further research
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Biantoro, Agung Wahyudi. "GLEDS (Gas Leakage Early Detection System) PROTOTYPE FOR EARLY DETECTION OF GAS LEAKS BASED ON MICROCONTROLLER ON MOTOR VEHICLES." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 9, no. 1 (July 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jtm.v9i1.5990.
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Agung Wahyudi Biantoro Mechanical Engineering Department, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta. Jl. Meruya Selatan No. 1, Jakarta Barat. Email : agung_wahyudi@mercubuana.ac.idPresent the need for efficient transportation is very important for modern human life. Various types of studies continue to be carried out to support the implementation of the use of Gas Fuel (CNG), to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The use of BBG is considered more efficient and environmentally friendly than using fuel oil (BBM). However, thus, the use of CNG can hurt a negative impact on human safety and even cause considerable losses if it is not used carefully, especially if there is no known leakage from the tube and cause a fire to the vehicle. CNG gas that has a leak does smell so normal leakage is easily detected. However, if the leaky gas seeps into the engine, and the bottom of the bus or under the carpet, it will be difficult to detect. CNG gas is famous for its flammability so that the leakage of CNG equipment is at high risk of fire. Based on this description, the need for an early gas leak detection device using a microcontroller can monitor the presence of gas leaks in vehicles that can be observed directly through the LED screen in the form of a warning that can be placed on the cabin dashboard. From the above problems, the authors are interested in making a study by creating an innovation tool called GLEDS (Gas Leakage Early Detection System) in Microcontroller-Based Motorized Vehicles. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of the design of the gas cylinder position in motorized vehicles and design the manufacture and GLEDS tool to detect gas leaks in motorized vehicles. Based on the whole system starting from the design and manufacture of GLEDS tools The conclusion is that the GLEDS gas leak detector can work well, this is indicated by the functioning of the tool when given butane gas. The buzzer sounds, the green LED lights up and displays graphical data on Android. Next, the sensor will detect a leak in the gas cylinder, if near the gas cylinder regulator there is really a butane gas content at a concentration of 280 ppm which then increases to 400 ppm. At a concentration of 300 ppm, the tool works well, with active buzzer alarms and LED lights. This GLEDS tool can be placed in the trunk of a car, close to gas cylinders of LNG four-wheeled motorized vehicles. Keywords: Gas Leak Detection, GLEDS, Arduino Uno, Microcontroller
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Daviend Benaya Nugroho, Tandya, Albert Gunadhi, Evelyn Raguindin, and Hartono Pranjoto. "Tire Pressure and the Availability of Gasoline Monitoring Tools Based on IOT." E3S Web of Conferences 188 (2020): 00024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018800024.
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This final project discusses the design and manufacture of tire pressure and the availability of gasoline monitoring tools based on internet of things (IOT). Tire pressure monitoring tools are made because many of the motorcycle driver don’t have a time to check tire pressure, and often experience a reduction in pressure to leak on the highway. While the gasoline monitoring tool is made so that driver can see the contents of the available motorcycle tank volume, and estimate the price paid when filling in the gas. Conventional methods of estimating gasoline prices often cause failure to refuel at gas stations, and make motorists complain about improper prices. Basically this tool works by means of a gasoline indicator and is connected to the ADC port of the NodeMCU microcontroller. As for tire pressure, the measurement is done by using a pressure sensor and additional ADC, because the microcontroller only has one ADC port. Both of these tools work in the second way the microcontroller receives input data from the gasoline ADC indicator, and there is data processing in the microcontroller to connect the monitoring system via the internet.
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Kubik, John, Grant Shaw, and Melissa Vicario. "Unlocking Gippsland reserves with a minimum kit solution – West Barracouta." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S137—S141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21143.
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The West Barracouta (BTW), field one of the largest proven undeveloped gas fields off the south-eastern Australian coast, commenced production in April 2021. The project was developed by Esso-BHP Gippsland Basin Joint Venture (JV), a 50–50 JV between ExxonMobil’s subsidiary Esso Australia and BHP Petroleum. The BTW gas field is situated ~6 km south west of the existing Barracouta gas field and platform, the first Gippsland Basin Joint Venture platform in Bass Strait. The BTW development involved drilling two subsea production wells, installation of umbilical controls from the existing platform and installation of a ~6 km subsea flowline to connect to existing gas pipeline via a hot tap. The BTW team will share insights on how it: (1) utilised minimum kit solution and verification of existing asset condition; subsea hot tap into operational gas pipeline and re-use of existing platform J-tube to minimise works on and around the Barracouta Platform (including diving work). (2) Managed an Operator first – co-mingled wet gas subsea pipelines while operating in hydrate regions; via detailed water detection metre/software solution, downhole zone isolation and systematic operating guidelines. (3) Leveraged Installation Contractor competitive Front End Engineering and Design (FEED) enabling optimisation of facilities design/execution strategies to align with strengths and maximise overall project value. (4) Leveraged the OneSubsea/Subsea 7 Subsea Integration Alliance and global worldwide network to execute the subsea design (including qualification), manufacture and installation. (5) Utilised the incumbent Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contractor to integrate the subsea and topsides control systems to support a single operation system linked to the existing to Distributed Control System (DCS).
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Alina, A. A., V. Y. Kulikov, P. V. Kovalev, and A. M. Dostayeva. "Study of thermal resistance of cold mixtures with clay addition." Kompleksnoe ispolʹzovanie mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 316, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2021/6445.11.
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The article analyzes the results of heat resistance of cold-harmful mixtures with the addition of clay. The article presents the results of an experimental laboratory study of the properties of samples from CTS, obtained by various methods. The scientific novelty of the technology lies in the fact that the technology of casting in cold-rolled steel ensures high quality of the casting surface, the absence of gas defects and blockages in the casting. The selection of the composition and technological parameters for the manufacture of the mold, contributing to the production of high-quality defect-free castings, will significantly reduce their cost, which will have a positive effect on the economy of our country. The study of the change in density over time depending on the applied load was studied in a series of experiments. The density of the mixture was determined every thirty seconds during the entire time of the formation of the dispersed medium. These experiments showed that at the beginning of the formation of the shell, its density increases significantly. In works on the thermal stability of polymers, the general laws of thermal decomposition and carbonization of cyclic, spatially crosslinked hot curing polymers were investigated and it was shown that the kinetics of destruction, the composition of gaseous products, the amount of coke formed and its properties depend on the properties of the initial polymers - the degree of crosslinking of molecular chains, chemical structure, the presence of impurities of catalysts and other curing conditions, as well as the heating conditions - speed and temperature. The article summarizes some of the results of the study, which is most appropriate for thin-walled steel castings to use the following mixture composition: filler - quartz sand; binder - clay of the Kazakhstani deposit, epoxy resin, hardener.
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Sych, Oleh, Andrii Kornienko, and Nadiia Yevtushenko. "FORENSIC INVESTIGATION OF OXYGENATES IN MOTOR TYPES OF GASOLINE." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 67 (August 9, 2022): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2022.67.40.
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The main types of oxygenates, which are used in the manufacture of motor types of gasoline, are considered. Oxygenates (oxygen-containing compounds) is the general name for lower alcohols and ethers used as high-octane components of motor fuels. For the manufacture of motor types of gasoline, a low-octane base is used to which high-octane components are added. In many cases, lower alcohols (methanol, ethanol, etc.) and ethers (methyl tert-butyl ether, tert-amyl methyl ether, etc.) are used as high-octane components of motor types of gasoline. Straight-run gasoline and stable gasoline are often used as the low-octane gasoline base for mixed motor types of gasoline. Methanol (CH3OH) is the simplest monohydric alcohol. Methyl alcohol is now produced synthetically from carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is a representative of monohydric alcohols with the formula C2H5OH. The production of ethyl alcohol is possible in several ways: biochemical, hydrolysis, synthetic, or ethylene hydration. For the manufacture of motor types of gasoline, dehydrated ethyl alcohol (bioethanol, an alternative universal component of motor fuel (KMPU), etc.) is used. Bioethanol is produced according to DSTU 7166: 2010 “Bioethanol. Technical mind”. According to DSTU 7166: 2010, bioethanol is dehydrated ethyl alcohol made from biomass or from raw ethyl alcohol for use as biofuel. As a technological and denaturing additive, gasoline (petroleum products) is introduced into bioethanol in an amount of up to 1.5 % by volume. KMPU is produced in accordance with TU U 20.5-00372536-001: 2013 “Component of firing motor alternative universal (KMPU). Technical conditions”. An alternative universal motor fuel component is dehydrated ethyl alcohol with a complex of additives, which is used for the manufacture of mixed motor types of gasoline and alternative types of motor types of gasoline. Compositionally, KMPU is similar to bioethanol but differs from it in the presence of another high-octane component – methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Methyl tert-butyl ether, formula CH3-O-C (CH3)3 is a product that can be obtained in large quantities by reacting isobutylene with methanol. The advantage of MTBE is its good solubility in gasoline, and, at the same time, it is not washed out of it with water. MTBE does not impair the physical and chemical stability of gasoline; it is characterized by stable anti-knock properties during storage and operation. The article discusses the results of the study of the listed oxygenates by gasliquid chromatography. This method makes it possible to establish the qualitative and quantitative composition of oxygenates and motor types of gasoline based on them. It is shown that from readily available petroleum components (stable gas gasoline) without the use of complex technological equipment by mixing with oxygenates, it is possible to obtain a gasoline mixture with a high detonation resistance, which is fake gasoline in composition. When mixing in certain proportions a low-octane gasoline base, for example, stable gas gasoline and oxygenates (lower alcohols, ethers), which have appropriate performance characteristics, it is possible to obtain commercial gasoline that will meet the requirements of regulatory documents (DSTU) for motor types of gasoline. The considered technology also allows, when mixing in the calculated proportions of commercial gasoline A-92 (A-95) with oxygenates and stable gasoline, to improve the operational characteristics (knock resistance) of the obtained gasoline mixture or to increase the volume of the resulting gasoline mixture without improving its operational characteristics. Key words: blended types of gasoline, alternative types of gasoline, oxygenates, lower alcohols, ethers, bioethanol, alternative motor fuel component universal.
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Zhang, Jin, and Qiong Xu. "Probing Element Transfer Behavior during the Submerged Arc Welding Process for CaF2-SiO2-Na2O-Cr2O3 Agglomerated Fluxes: A Thermodynamic Approach." Processes 10, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10101900.
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Submerged arc welding joins metal by the heating of the electrode, base metal, and flux in the arc plasma, while the weld pool is protected under the granular flux and molten slag. Due to complex chemical reactions occurring between the arc plasma, weld pool, and molten slag (flux), flux essentially affects the weld metal composition, which, in turn, dictates the mechanical properties of the weldment. Therefore, fine-tuning the weld metal composition is essential to ensure a sound weld, and efforts worldwide have been focused on the control mechanism of flux on the weld metal composition. Recently, agglomerated fluxes have been widely applied due to low energy consumption during manufacture. The Cr2O3-bearing agglomerated flux is one of the most commonly used flux types in fields of heavy industrial applications. However, few works concern the element transfer behavior when Cr2O3-bearing agglomerated fluxes are used. Within this framework, typical agglomerated CaF2-SiO2-Na2O-Cr2O3 fluxes with varying Cr2O3 content from 10 to 50 wt.% are designed and applied to Q345A steel. The influence of Cr2O3 content upon the transfer behaviors of essential elements, including O, Cr, and Mn, is quantified and interpreted from the point of thermodynamics. By incorporating a gas-slag-metal equilibrium consideration, the assumptions made in previous studies are justified. Additionally, evidence regarding the loss of Cr and Mn to the arc plasma is provided, and a possible thermodynamic approach to predict element transfer levels is proposed. It is revealed that the gas-slag-metal equilibrium consideration is able to qualitatively analyze the transfer behaviors involved in the submerged arc welding system, even under high temperatures. Based on the quantitative data, the practical implications as well as limitations of the gas-slag-metal equilibrium model are proposed.
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Agarkov, Olexander, Kostyantyn Shevchuk, and Yurii Ivanyna. "APPLICATION OF RANGE EXTENDER BASED ON SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFCS) FOR ELECTRICAL BUSES: EXPERIENCE OF CERES POWER (UNITED KINGDOM) AND WEICHAI POWER (CHINA) COMPANIES." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 2 (266) ’ 2021 (June 20, 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2021-2-266-22-28.
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In previous articles on this topic [1-3] we examined the perspectives of application of power plants based on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) as auxiliary power plants as well as range extenders for heavy freight transport [1,2] and cars [3]: we considered experience of USA [1], Europe [2] and Japan [3]. We showed, that such kind of systems give opportunity to obtain electrical power from chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuel oxidation with record-high efficiency (much higher than competitive solutions) in order to supply on-board vehicle systems during stops of main engine, as well as to significantly extend the range of electrical vehicles by means of constant charge of batteries directly during motional and their discharge due to operation of electrical engine. In current manuscript, we examine the world first experience of SOFC power plant application as range extender for electrical buses. Group of Ceres Power (UK) and Weichai Power (China) companies executed a corresponding project. As a result of project execution system prototype with power output of 30 kW was developed and manufactured, tests on bus lines are planned to be executed in nearest future. The system examined in current manuscript is the most powerful in comparison to other systems studied in this set of manuscripts: 30 kW against 1.5 and 9 kW [1], 3 kW [2] as well as 5 kW [3] for systems examined in previous works. Examined system uses compressed natural gas (CNG) as a fuel; this hydrocarbon is very convenient one due to well-developed distribution network, ecological cleanness in comparison with more complex and heavy hydrocarbon mixtures. Application of low-temperature fuel cells (with proton-exchange membrane), which are more simple in manufacture, in automobile transport leads to the demand in development of hydrogen supply networks, which is not developed nowadays at all.
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Jauregui-Vazquez, Daniel, Paulina Lozano-Sotomayor, Jorge Emmanuel Mejía-Benavides, and Erik Díaz-Cervantes. "Binding Analysis of Functionalized Multimode Optical-Fiber Sandwich-like Structure with Organic Polymer and Its Sensing Application for Humidity and Breath Monitoring." Biosensors 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11090324.
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In recent years, the chemical modification of optical fibers (OFs) has facilitated the manufacture of sensors because OFs can identify several analytes present in aqueous solutions or gas phases. Nevertheless, it is imperative better to understand the chemical interactions in this molecular system to generate low-cost and efficient sensors. This work presents a theoretical and experimental study of organic polymeric functionalized OF structures and proposes a cost-effective alternative to monitor breathing and humidity. The device is based on silicon optical fibers functionalized with (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and alginate. The theoretical analysis is carried out to validate the activation of the silicon dioxide fiber surface; moreover, the APTES–alginate layer is discussed. The computational simulation suggests that water can be absorbed by alginate, specifically by the calcium atom linked to the carboxylic acid group of the alginate. The analysis also demonstrates a higher electrostatic interaction between the water and the OF–APTES–alginate system; this interaction alters the optical fiber activated surface’s refractive index, resulting in transmission power variation. The humidity analysis shows a sensitivity of 3.1288 mV/RH, a time response close to 25 s, and a recovery time around 8 s. These results were achieved in the range of 50 to 95% RH. Moreover, the recovery and response time allow the human breath to be studied. The proposed mechanism or device is competitive with prior works, and the components involved made this sensor a cost-effective alternative for medical applications.
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Педаш, Алексей Александрович, Владимир Валериевич Клочихин, Тамара Александровна Митина, and Валерий Григорьевич Шило. "ВПЛИВ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ПІДВЕДЕННЯ ЕНЕРГІЇ ПРИ 3D-ПРИНТИНГУ НА СТРУКТУРУ ТА ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ДЕТАЛЕЙ ЗІ СПЛАВУ Ti-6Al-4V." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 8 (December 25, 2018): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.8.13.
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The composition, structure and mechanical properties of samples obtained from the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, by selective laser melting and electron beam melting processes regarding production of responsible aviation parts were carrying-out at present article.A comparative study of macro- and microstructure, mechanical properties has been carried out after inherent of Ti-6Al-4V heat treatment with or without prior hot isostatic pressing.It was established that the advent in specimens fractures and microstructure pores and non-melt inclusions of a granules condition obligatory hot isostatic pressing of a responsible parts when this kinds of defects significantly releases and correspondingly best complex of mechanical properties are obtained.The powders from titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloy were produce by inert gas (argon) spraying process and had a different particle sizing distribution: 20-50 microns for selective laser melting and 45-105 microns for electron beam melting.The microstructure of the specimens prepared using the studied production processes features an elongated lamellar alpha phase in the transformated epitaxially grown beta-matrix and is typical for Ti-6Al-4V alloy in a heat-treated condition.It has been noted that the lamellar alpha phase in the structure of the studied specimens after hot isostatic pressing is distinguished by larger sizes in width as compared to the specimens prior to hot isostatic pressing processing.Mechanical properties of the specimens produced by selective laser melting or electron beam melting processes meet the specification requirements. Hot isostatic pressing processing results in a remarkable improvement of the impact strength. Authors should be pointed out that application of additive technologies in the manufacture of aerospace parts requires extensive research&development works, and testing efforts to confirm repeatability of alloy characteristics. A mandatory procedure of the production process and material approval shall be conducted to ensure compliance with aircraft flight safety standards and regulations.
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Panov, V. S., V. Y. Lopatin, O. V. Myakisheva, J. V. Eremeeva, E. V. Ageev, T. M. Aldayarov, and A. I. Lizunov. "A REVIEW OF MODIFYING AGENTS USE TO IMPROVE NUCLEAR FUEL PERFORMANCE IN THE REACTORE CORE." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-2-48-59.
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Today there are numerous research works meant to improve nuclear fuel element performance in order to ensure reliable operation under increased burn-up conditions. In this context the pellet microstructure seems to be a very important parameter. An increase in the grain size diminishes the branching of boundaries and reduces the migration speed of gas-filled pores to the grain boundaries which are the routes of accelerated diffusion. The problem can be solved by introducing nano additives to uranium dioxide considering the influence of small addition agents upon the grain growth activation and microstructure evolution. The addition of nano particles of different powders should stimulate agglomeration process. This is one of modern tendencies in the development of new material technologies for fast reactors. In the research process the mechanical activation with simultaneous size reduction of gadolinium oxide and aluminum and gadolinium hydroxide powders (Gd2O3 №1, Gd2O3 №2, Al(OH)3 and Gd(OH)3) was done in planetary centrifugal mill "Pulverisette 5" made by Fritsch GmbH company (Germany). The technology of UO2 nuclear fuel manufacture has been developed in several variants including the agglomeration with pre-pressing or extruding, isostatic and hot pressing, rotary swaging, vibratory compacting, slip casting, etc. Today the main UO2 fuel element manufacturing technologies are cold pressing and agglomeration considering their simplicity and affordability. The conducted research permitted to ascertain some specific features of initial TiO2, Al(OH)3, Gd2O3, and Gd(OH)3 additives and determine their basic properties. The authors determined the most optimal modes of fine-grained additives production and proposed and optimal method of their introduction into UO2 mixtures. The paper also considers possible mechanisms of fine-grained additives influence on the fuel pellet production.
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Kuznetsov, Viktor, Dmitry Bohdan, Yan Beygelzimer, Valeriy Balakin, and Eugene Kuznetsow. "IMPROVING STRENGTH OF HOT-ROLLED PIPES IN OIL AND GAS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AND HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS." Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/0543-5749.2020-1-3-13.
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Purpose. Development of new anticorrosion treatment technologies including prevention of inter-crystalline corrosion propagation inside the solid material in order to increase hot-rolled pipes life.Methodology. Based on the analysis of pipes manufacture and operation conditions, the main reason for reduction of the life of oil and gas transport pipelines made of hot-rolled pipes has been defined to be the poor corrosion resistance, which consequently causes propagation of fatigue processes. In course of theoretical and practical studies, one of the reasons for low corrosion resistance was revealed – complete absence of anticorrosion treatment inside the solid metal in order to prevent propagation of dangerous inter-crystalline corrosion.Results. Based on the conducted experimental studies, practices have been developed to carry out anticorrosion treatment inside the solid material by ensuring feeding of the inhibitor in ionic form into the solid material. This is done through plastic flow deformation of the material with grain refinement. As a result, mobility of grains and their fragments under conditions of deformation cause formation of "conductance channels", along which the inhibitor ions are transported to the solid material under the influence of electrostatic fields of the natural or, if necessary, artificial background. The most important result of this is the inhibitory treatment of the grains surface inside the solid material with prevention of electrochemical inter-crystalline corrosion propagation.Originality. Based on the practical works, anticorrosion treatment inside the solid material has been carried out for the first time, thereby eliminating the extremely dangerous inter-crystalline corrosion that latently propagates inside the solid material. A prerequisite for transportation of the inhibitor in ionic form inside the solid material are numerous examples of various elementary formations movements inside the solid body of material. This fact can be confirmed by inter-crystalline corrosion propagation in the solid material that generates in the manner of electrochemical corrosion, i.e. with water involved. This suggests the presence of water molecules in the solid material and possible channels of its penetration into the solid body. Many other examples can be given; their analysis reveals a common feature – in all cases there is an electrical nature, including water molecules that have an electrical dipole moment. Another precondition for the possibility of the inhibitor transportation is the presence of transportation channels. They are formed of free volumes, that are characteristic for crystalline structures, and volumes generated as a result of plastic flow deformation. The third precondition for the inhibitor ions transportation inside the solid material is the presence of driving forces; the forces of the electrical nature act in this case, ensuring "instantaneous" movements of micro-objects. Their source is the electrostatic fields of the material being the result of a large number of potential differences arising from the numerous and diverse inhomogeneities of materials. They form the natural electrostatic background, which ensures movement of micro-objects in the "solid body" of the material in vivo. If necessary, it can be supplemented with the artificial electrostatic background created by a grinding brush that removes scale from the pipe surface.Practical implications. The deterioration degree of operated pipeline systems is high; the required amount of repair work significantly exceeds the scope of work for the newly constructed systems. A similar situation both in terms of operating conditions and in technical state is with heating pipeline systems, also being of great length. Failures in operation of both abovementioned systems due to their underground laying bring high economic losses; the same is in case of their repair. For these reasons, extension of hot-rolled pipes service life is of great economic importance, which is hard to overestimate.
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Celeiro, Lamas, Arcas, and Lores. "Antioxidants Profiling of By-Products from Eucalyptus Greenboards Manufacture." Antioxidants 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080263.
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Three different by-products from the Eucalyptus wood industry have been exhaustively characterized to find compounds with antioxidant properties. The industrial process to manufacture Eucalyptus greenboards is distinguished by using just wood and water, which converts the generated by-products in a highly attractive source of bioactive compounds that are originally in the raw material. The studied by-products were: the screw water, derived from the washing of the wood chips; the condensates, obtained after the evaporation and further condensation of the screw water; and finally, the concentrate of eucalyptus. For all of them and for their derived organic extracts, the total polyphenols content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) have been evaluated. The chromatographic fingerprints, based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) have been obtained to identify the main extractable organic wood components. Besides, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has been employed to characterize the most volatile compounds. Significant differences were observed for the chromatographic profiles of the studied by-products. Up to 48 and 30 different compounds were identified in the screw water, and condensate by-products, respectively; whereas the highest number of compounds, up to 72, have been identified in the organic extracts derived from the concentrate of Eucalyptus, highlighting the presence of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, polyphenols, and other bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. Therefore, these by-products could be exploited to obtain natural extracts with added value which could be reused in the food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industry, reducing the environmental impact of the industrial activity.
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Beilin, I. L. "Economic assessment of industrial development of the oil and gas region by return on assets of organizations and profitability of products." Russian Journal of Industrial Economics 15, no. 4 (January 2, 2023): 442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2072-1633-2022-4-442-452.
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On the basis of the analysis and modelling of the return on assets of regional organizations and the profitability of the goods, products, works and services sold by them the author of the article has developed a new methodological approach to interregional industrial interaction of oil and gas regions. The predominating production factors of oil and gas regions including the volume of the shipped own products, works and services completed on their own, and indexes of industrial production by the type of economic activity (“Mining” and “Manufacturing”) are chosen as the relevant parameters of the study. The structure of the volume of the shipped products (works, services) by type of economic activity “Mining” is represented by coal mining, oil and natural gas extraction, metal ore extraction, mining of other minerals and by providing corresponding services. As for the shipped goods and products, as well as works and services within the “Manufacturing” segment, the author chose coke and petroleum products; rubber and plastic products, chemicals and products, medicines and materials, other non-metallic mineral products, machinery and equipment, vehicles. A comprehensive clustering of oil and gas regions has been carried out according to the profitability of the assets of organizations, as well as the profitability of products, goods, works and services of the types of economic activity “Mining” and “Manufacturing”. As a result, the variants of industrial interregional integration formed may serve as the solution of the problem of low return on assets (and even negative in the case of the Orenburg region and the Samara region) due to the synergistic effects of reducing capital intensity and increasing the net financial result of the manufacturing organizations. It has been stated that the main direction for improving state programs in the management of innovative industrial development of oil and gas regions is indicative stimulation of return on assets of the manufacturing organizations.
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Zade, Shanti Kiran, Suresh Babu V., and Sai Srinadh K.V. "Effect of nanoclay, glass fiber volume and orientation on tensile strength of epoxy-glass composite and optimization using Taguchi method." World Journal of Engineering 15, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-08-2017-0286.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to manufacture test boards for re-enacting plant or field situations where vacuum chamber for expelling gas bubbles and autoclave equipment would not be accessible. This research focuses on the examination and enhancement of tensile strength for the nanocomposites consisting of uniaxial glass fiber mats, nanoclay (NC) and epoxy. Design/methodology/approach The parameters considered are the weight content of Cloisite 15A NC, the volume of glass fiber (Vgf) and the direction of glass fibers (θ). The composites are made by hand lay-up technique and tested according to ASTM D 638 standard. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used to design the experiments. Findings The results imply that the orientation of fibers exhibited high significance with a p-value of 0.001 for the upgrade of strength. NC percentage and the volume of fiber have a low effect as the p-values obtained were 0.375 and 0.294. Confirmation tests were performed at the optimal levels of parameters and the outcomes were in the permissible range of the anticipated values of S/N ratio and mean tensile strength. The negligible effect of nanoclay is due to the lack of infusion of resin into the d-spacing of clay layers due to the low configuration settings of mixing conditions which was confirmed by XRD studies. The negligible effect of glass fiber volume is due to the void content and lack of stress transfer between fibers uniformly due to the void content and improper mixing of nanoclay. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study is that a low-speed mechanical stirrer was used to mix NC in the epoxy and the mixture was not subjected to vacuum and ultrasonication for degassing and deagglomeration. Practical implications These composites can be used as substitute materials in place of metallic parts in the aerospace and automobile sector. These composites can be used in civil structures instead of steel and concrete, which have low strength-to-weight ratio and where the requirement of strength is in the range of 60 to 390 MPa. Social implications The composites can be used in a variety of applications, for example, structural works, automotive panels and low-cost housing. Originality/value This research gives an idea about the combined contribution of NC, Vgf and “θ” to the improvement of tensile strength of the glass-epoxy composite.
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Mezulis, A., A. Safronov, J. Guzeyeva, and J. Begens. "Computer Simulation to Optimize the VFA Alpha Prototype with a Hydraulic Piston Compressor and an Integrated Booster." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 57, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2020-0023.
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AbstractNatural gas, including biomethane, is a sustainable alternative fuel. Widening compressed natural gas applications by now is restricted by weakly developed infrastructure. Hygen Ltd. works on “hydraulic piston” technology for natural gas and biomethane compressing, storing, delivering and discharging the storage cylinders by means of an innovative hydraulic boosting technology. Designing of the Vehicle Fuelling Appliance (VFA) demands to take into account thermodynamics and gas dynamics properties at fluid compression and motion. The present paper deals with theoretical characteristics and their link to test measurements regarding a particular VFA HYGEN+ Alpha prototype manufactured by Hygen Ltd.
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A, JAWORSKI, JAREMCIO M, LEJDA K, MĄDZIEL M, and WOŚ P. "CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED DRIVING CYCLES USED FOR EXHAUST EMISSIONS MEASUREMENT FROM PASSENGER CAR ENGINES." National Transport University Bulletin 1, no. 50 (2021): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-3-50-067-080.
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The manufacturing process for new passenger vehicles is based not only on their design and manufacture, but also on validation and testing, especially in the area of exhaust emissions. The car manufacturer is obliged to approve the type of each new model in accordance with the regulations. The regulation associated with the relevant directive includes a number of requirements, including the emissions of pollutants in the exhaust gas, which are imposed on newly manufactured vehicles. Along with the development of the automotive industry, more and more attention has been paid to the pollution that forms in the internal combustion engines of vehicles. The European Union has introduced standards known as “EURO” to define emission limits for the main pollutants in exhaust gases. The tests are carried out for all passenger cars in the same way: on a dynamometer, in a climatic chamber (with the possibility of temperature adjustment) and in accordance with a certain driving cycle. Road tests are designed to check fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. In September 2017, a new procedure was introduced called the World Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP), which includes several driving cycles called WLTC. The introduction of the new test was driven by the very dynamic development in the automotive industry of hybrid and electric vehicles. The previous NEDC test did not take into account several important parameters such as motor power or drive type. Due to the different specifics of road traffic in the United States, their own road tests were developed, in contrast to European ones. Tests are conducted in accordance with FTP-75 (Federal Testing Procedure). The test parameters take into account driving stability and engine operating conditions, on which the values of pollutant emissions in the exhaust gases depend. Due to the difference in laboratory driving cycles, according to traffic conditions, the values of pollutant emissions in the exhaust gases during road tests differ from those provided by the manufacturers. The article compares the characteristic test parameters according to WLTC, NEDC, American FTP-75 cycles (with additions SC03 and US06) and own road driving cycle in the Rzeszow region. Based on the analysis carried out, it was established that laboratory tests will never 100% reflect those driving conditions and driving on the road. However, the WLTC test has the advantage of being more realistic. Its high average ride speeds, longer stops, long distance traveled and higher top speed are more realistic than the NEDC test. KEY WORDS: VEHICLE TESTING, EFFECTIVE Emissions, WORLD HARMONIZED PASSENGER VEHICLE TEST PROCEDURE, NEW EUROPEAN DRIVING CYCLE, FEDERAL TESTING PROCEDURE.
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Мисюров, Александр, Aleksandr Misyurov, Александр Богданов, Aleksandr Bogdanov, Алексей Соловьев, Aleksey Soloviyev, Игорь Ильичев, et al. "Additive laser techniques of metal powder fritting to manufacture products of aerospace industry." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 1, no. 9 (August 23, 2016): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21236.
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A domestic plant for additive techniques of different materials fritting is presented. The plant in its basis has a high-powered (up to 2.5 kW) waveguide CO2 – laser possessing a unique in the uniformity of emission power density distribution on a target. The results of nickel-based heat-resistant alloy fritting of TCNA-1VR, VZhL12U and VZh159 types developed for manufacturing complex contoured parts of gas turbine engines (GTE) by a method of layered laser alloying and for complex contoured parts GTE repair by a method of gas powder laser surfacing are shown. During laser remelting of these powders it is possible to grow a billet with a homogeneous fine-grain structure which manufacturing is impossible at common techniques of casting.
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Kuts, G. O., and O. I. Teslenko. "Methodical provisions on the distribution of total technological energy resources between separate types of outputs of multi-product manufacture." Problems of General Energy 2020, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2020.04.058.
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The question of methodical approach to the distribution of total technological energy consumption between separate kinds of outputs of multi-product manufacture is considered. Such ferrous metallurgy industries include blast furnace process, oxygen, energy, and coke production. The theoretical basis of proposed methodological provisions is Hess's law on thermochemical reactions and its consequences. For manufactures where the products correspond to the types of energy resources and have calorific value, the distribution of energy consumption is carried out according to the weighty volumes of types of products and their heat of combustion (for example, coke production). For industries that have multi-product manufacture of non-combustible products, the distribution of energy consumption between products is based on the weighty volumes of products and their heat capacity (for example, blast furnace iron production). In accordance with the proposed methodological provisions, we present calculation formulas for determining the distribution of total technological energy consumption for separate types of coke and blast furnace production. The results calculations of energy consumption are presented separately for coke, coke-oven gas, and chemical products of coke manufacture as well as for cast iron and furnace slag for blast furnace production. Calculations show a significant reduction of the energy consumption of coke, with regard for the distribution of energy consumption for individual outputs of coke production (by 27.2%) and pig iron in blast furnace production (a decrease in 31.8%.). The proposed methodological provisions for the distribution of total technological energy consumption between separate types of outputs of multi-product industries can be used in such manufactures of oil refining and chemical industry, in the processing industry, in particular, in the production of dairy products, etc. Keywords: energy consumption, multi-product manufacture, coke, coke-oven gas, cast iron, slag, heat of combustion
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Iuvshin, A. M., S. D. Tretyakov, Y. S. Andreev, and I. N. Gibadullin. "Thermoplastic Polymer Composites Production by Automated Fiber Placement Method." Key Engineering Materials 836 (March 2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.836.78.
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This article deals with comparative analysis between thermoplastics and thermosets polymer materials. The problems of the choice of the polymer matrix and reinforcement filler in the manufacture products are made of polymer composite materials (PCM) for the oil industry are considered. Based on the analysis of existing types of polymer matrix and reinforcement fillers to maximize the requirements for PCM products for the oil and gas industry, a polyphenylene sulfide feed was proposed as a polymer matrix, and a unidirectional carbon fiber was used as a reinforcement filler. The results of laboratory tests of samples made with the help of melt impregnation and automated fiber placement technologies are presented.
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Catarino, Mariana Garcez. "Article Modelase by Fajate – Direct Sale and manufacture products directly from industry to consumer." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 9, no. 3 (2022): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.93.22.
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This article works the direct sales market focusing on the Modelase by Fajate project, a form of marketing promoted by companies such as Jequiti, Natura and Avon, which sell and manufacture products directly from industry to consumer. In the current phase of the economy and with the productive reformulation of capital and labor relations, in which the expanded reproduction of capital is sought, the configuration of the globalized economy has led to a new order between the upper and lower circuit. The recent dynamics of the Brazilian economy have influenced the expansion of the two circuits of the urban economy in large Brazilian cities. This business strategy allows the insertion of a wide range of workers, usually urban, integrating into the dominant production model, from a commercial contract. In the understanding of this process, the analysis was imposed in which the accumulation of capital is enhanced in the form of exploitation of the labor force. This articulation, which explains the combined and concomitant existence of different technological stages within the same set of productive processes, makes it indisputable that the criterion of "modern" and "backward" are faces in the same way of capitalist social reproduction. If in the past the direct selling business model was adopted by a few companies, today it is adopted by large and small. In this sense, being extremely important the understanding of the transformations of large companies, which are part of the superior circuit of the economy, with the lower circuit, in their search for expanded reproduction of capital through primitive accumulation, present in many forms of contemporary work. The companies with the direct sales business model that distribute their products through catalogs (Avon and Natura) were presented, demonstrating the peculiarity of each activity in its differentiations within the direct sales system. Adopting the Fajate project to this world of renewing and expanding, in the period of globalization.
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Voskobiynyk, S. P. "FIBRE-REINFORCED POLYMER BARS IN PRECAST SLABS FOR ROADS TO OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION COMPLEXES." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 1, no. 48 (March 27, 2017): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2017.48.785.
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Considered an example of the application of fibre-reinforced polymer bars in precast slabs for temporary roads to oil and gas extraction complexes. Found that samples of products by geometric requirements similar Ferro-concrete products, but reinforced fibre-reinforced polymer bars accessories instead of metal. The results of replacing metal fittings on the fibre-reinforced polymer bars in the experimental samples. Given the comparative assessment of the conformity of prototypes of requirements on indicates the ability and crack resistance from. Found that fibre-reinforced polymer bars valves may be used in the construction of a prefab temporary roads without reducing their carrying capacity. It is proven that the use of this rebar for reinforcement of structures that work on resilient basis, both at the stage of manufacture and operation. It is shown that the resulting experience can be used in the planning and in the design, manufacture and test prototypes, and the analysis of the obtained results allow you to identify opportunities for the implementation of this direction in Ukraine.
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Petrov, M. A., Y. L. Bast, P. A. Petrov, and A. A. Sheypak. "Modern methods of hollow metal microsphere manufacture." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 6, no. 2-2 (March 20, 2012): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-68482.
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The energy and resource economy are for many countries the key words in there live, which, in case of science, is the intelligence resource application, define the further way of development of technologies. The present paper reveals one of the energy efficient ways of science investigation in light construction of materials. The small hollow spheres made from different materials could change the weight of a construction part essentially, used as acoustic and thermal insulation and also as protection against vibrations and energy, induced by plastic deformation of material. They can be used as a unit cell for big parts and alone filled with an inert gas, e.g. fusion targets. The methods of their production could be divided in chemical, powder and metallurgical. The metallurgical method requires the intelligence application, because it is based on the own properties of the materials and boundary conditions of the process, not involving any organically core and preparation of the powder.
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Lei, Hong Jun, Qiao Li Zhang, Chang Jia Li, Bei Dou Xi, and Xun Feng Xia. "Factor Analysis on the Industrial Environmental Efficiency and Energy Utilization Efficiency of China by DEA Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1620.
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Faced with two big stresses of energy shortage and environmental pollutants, China should improve its energy utilization efficiency. Based on the data of China Statistical Yearbook and China Environmental Statistics Yearbook, the pollutants discharge and energy utilization efficiency, including technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE), scale efficiency (SE) and returns to scale (RTS) of China’s industry and its sub-sectors were analyzed by constant returns to scale model (CRS) and variable returns to scale model (VRS) of non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. Results showed that: (1) The RTS of China's total industrial environmental efficiency and energy utilization efficiency were all in "irs" state, indicating that it was beneficial to expand the entire industrial scale. (2) The TE of total industrial energy utilization efficiency was about 0.80, the minimum TE was 0.018 of production and distribution of gas sector. (3) The total industrial environmental efficiency was about 0.77, the two sectors with high pollutants discharges were mining of other ores and manufacture of paper and paper products, and TE were 0.065 and 0.067, respectively. Mostly industrial sub-sectors should improve their technologies and adjust its scales except for extraction of petroleum and natural gas, manufacture of tobacco, printing, reproduction of recording media and so on. (4) Mining of other ores, manufacture of tobacco, manufacture of communication equipment, computers and other electronic equipment, manufacture of measuring, instruments and machinery for cultural activity and office work and production and distribution of water were in high energy utilization efficiency while in low environmental efficiency and steady RTS. So these sectors should improve the technologies to achieve DEA effective. (5) Scale expanding, technology advancement, energy use pattern improvement and industry structure adjustment were suggested for energy-saving industry according to the TE, PTE, SE and RTS.
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Cui, Xiao Peng, Yong Bing Liu, Zhan Yi Cao, Xiao Hong Yang, and Wei Liang. "Influence of Process Conditions of Thixomolding® on the Microstructure of Magnesium Mobile Phone Housing." Materials Science Forum 488-489 (July 2005): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.488-489.377.
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Thixomolding® is a new process of net shape parts for magnesium alloys in one step, and it is suited to manufacture the thin wall products, especially to the electronic component shells. In this paper, the sample of mobile phone housing is fabricated by 220Tons Thixomolding® machine made by Japan Steel Works. The effects of barrel temperature, screw rotate rate and mold temperature on microstructure were studied. The relationship between process parameters and microstructure was also discussed in this paper.
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Peinador, René I., Oumaima Abba, and José I. Calvo. "Characterization of Commercial Gas Diffusion Layers (GDL) by Liquid Extrusion Porometry (LEP) and Gas Liquid Displacement Porometry (GLDP)." Membranes 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020212.
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This works aims to study the porous characterization of several commercial Gas Diffusion Layers (GDL). Three carbon-based porous GDL featuring a highly rigid microstructure of interconnected pores of several manufacturers were analyzed. Gas Liquid Displacement Porometry (GLDP) and Liquid Extrusion Porometry (LEP) have been used to obtain their pore size distributions (PSD) and the mean and mode pore diameters (davg and dmod), by means of a gas/liquid and extrusion porometer developed at IFTS. N-dodecane liquid has been used to completely wet the GDL’s assuring penetration of the liquid into the carbon fibrous structure. The results demonstrated the accuracy of the setup on characterizing GDL in the Particle Filtration (PF) range by GLDP and LEP, with reasonable agreements of resulting PSD and average sizes between both techniques when GLDP and LEP results are compared. Differences can be explained in terms of the high pore connectivity of these kinds of structures.
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Tyukhtenko, Nataliya Anatoliivna, Serhii Mykolaiovych Makarenko, and Nataliia Mykolaivna Oliinyk. "INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE BY IMPROVING LOGISTIC STRATEGY OF DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY OF RAW MATERIALS." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA 1, no. 2(14) (March 1, 2018): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2018-2-2(14)-56-63.
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Urgency of the research. In modern conditions, functioning of the business is one of the main components of increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise not only optimization of production costs without deteriorating the quality of the manufacture of products, but also the definition of optimal logistic routes of transportation from the point of manufacture to the place of consumption of products, taking into account the capacity of the market, purchasing power of consumers and the costs of transportation. Target setting. Any strategy to increase the competitiveness of goods and enterprises, in general, should be based on the development and definition of an optimal logistics strategy for the distribution of products and supplies of raw materials. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The works of B. Burkynskyi, T. Burtsev, S. Klymenko and other scholars research various aspects of theory and practice of competitiveness as an element of management of the enterprise. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Still unresearched and unpublished in periodicals, there are issues related to the definition of optimal transportation routes. The research objective. Systematize the views of the domestic and foreign scientific community and provide recommendations for improving the logistics strategy of distribution of products and supply of raw materials as a component of increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise. The statement of basic materials. The article defines the factors and criteria for assessing the competitiveness of enterprises. The analysis and trends in the dynamics of changes in the volume of cargo transportation at the macro level were revealed. The work analyzes the activity of enterprises of Kherson region and gives recommendations on improvement of logistic operation. Conclusions. The work substantiates methodical approach to the determination of optimal routes of distribution of production and supply of raw materials. It was proved the need for more reliable studies on the purchasing power of potential consumers.
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Zhang, Ke, Ju Ping Ren, Hua Guo, Yu Hou Wu, and Kai Jun Zhao. "Crossbeam Analysis and Structure Optimization of Special-Shaped Stone Combined Machining Center." Advanced Materials Research 102-104 (March 2010): 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.102-104.620.
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With the increase of the quantity demanded, stone products with high quality, really artsy and diversification become more and more best-selling. The special-shaped stone machining equipments with numerical control, single machine intelligent, high speed, high efficiency and multi-function combination must be manufactured to produce these stone products. In this paper, 3D design and project optimization for special-shaped stone composite machining center are carried by Solid Works and innovative design. Model analysis of the crossbeam in this machining center is carried by ANSYS and the maximum deformation value in the crossbeam is found. The crossbeam structure is optimized by comparison and analysis. The design and manufacture of special-shaped stone combined machining center is very helpful for development of manufacturing.
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Novikova, O. "Qing monochrome porcelain from the Collection of the Bohdan and Varvara Khanenko National Museum of Arts." Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture, no. 27 (February 27, 2019): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33838/naoma.27.2018.168-177.
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The article analyzes Qing monochrome products of Chinese porcelain and studies the complex technology of their manufacture. This publication is also devoted to the main identification problems of Chinese monochrome thin-walled ceramics and its terminology. When dating and attributing Chinese monochrome porcelain causes the most difficult problem. Thin-walled monochrome glaze ceramic products manufactured at different times are often distinguished only by barely noticeable changes in parts and other proportions of products. Furthermore, the plagiarism was uncharacteristic of Chinese, and the imitation and copying of works of past epochs, in their opinion, only confirmed the value of original works and even gave a sacred meaning to them. The basis for this approach was the idea of connection between epochs, the continuity of traditions and the respect to ancestors supported by the ruling elite, because it was a part of the official religion of the statе – Confucianism. The secret of regenerative firing has been discovered that restores the natural color of metals in their oxides in the glaze composition thanks to the carbon by giving the rich hue color intensity to the monochrome Chinese ceramics. The play of different colors achieved exclusively by ceramic techniques is very attractive, and products colored in such way are sometimes more expensive than the painted glazed ceramics. In Qing times ceramists manufactured a lot of porcelain products that mimicked samples of previous epochs. From time to time potters created almost exact copies of products, so it is sometimes difficult for present-day researchers to tell the difference between late imitations and original ancient works. That’s way the purpose of this article is to analyze works of Chinese Qing monochrome porcelain from the collection of the Bohdan and Varvara Khanenko National Museum of Arts, to demonstrate the manufacturing technology and terminological features and to specify attributions. This study has been illustrated by pieces from the Bohdan and Varvara Khanenko National Museum of Arts.
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Beale, Sam. "Precision engineering for future propulsion and power systems: a perspective from Rolls-Royce." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1973 (August 28, 2012): 4130–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0162.
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Rolls-Royce today is an increasingly global business, supplying integrated power systems to a wide variety of customers for use on land, at sea and in the air. Its reputation for ‘delivering excellence’ to these customers has been built largely on its gas turbine technology portfolio, and this reputation relies on the quality of the company's expertise in design, manufacture and delivery of services. This paper sets out to examine a number of examples, such as the high-pressure turbine blade, of the company's reliance on precision design and manufacture, highlighting how this precision contributes to customer satisfaction with its products. A number of measures the company is taking to accelerate its competitiveness in precision manufacture are highlighted, not least its extensive relationships with the academic research base. The paper finishes by looking briefly at the demands of the company's potential future product portfolio.
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Sol-Sánchez, M., F. Moreno-Navarro, M. C. Rubio-Gámez, V. Pérez-Mena, and P. Cabanillas. "Reuse of Zeolite By-Products Derived from Petroleum Refining for Sustainable Roads." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4256989.
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The reduction in consumption of natural resources (fuel, gas, etc.) and contaminant emissions (CO2, CO, NOx, etc.) during the production of asphalt mixtures has become one of the main challenges in road engineering. Warm mix asphalts (WMAs) have been developed in order to achieve this objective while ensuring the mechanical performance and durability of traditional hot mix asphalts (HMAs). However, these materials are commonly manufactured using additives or products whose production could reduce both their environmental benefits and cost effectiveness. This paper presents a research study that aims to analyse the reuse of zeolite wastes derived from petroleum refining in the production of warm mix asphalts. For this purpose, two different types of zeolite wastes were analysed as additives for the manufacture of two warm mix asphalts, whose mechanical performance was compared with conventional WMA and hot mix asphalt. The results indicate that zeolite wastes with a lower particles size presented higher capacity to absorb water, while its dosage at 0.3% allows for producing warm mix asphalts at temperatures around 145°C, with comparable workability and densification to conventional HMA at 165°C without reducing its bearing capacity, fatigue life, and resistance to water action and plastic deformation.
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Efremov, Dmitry, Alla Gerasimova, Nikita Kislykh, and Cristina Shaibel. "Additive Technology Methods for Manufacturing Permanent Magnets." MATEC Web of Conferences 346 (2021): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134601010.
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The paper presents the results of studying the possibility of using the selective laser melting method for production of permanent magnets. This process allows to manufacture not only product models and prototypes, but also finished functional products by adding material layer by layer and bonding particles and layers to each other. We have considered the application areas of selective laser melting (SLM) based on powders obtained by different methods for the study. In addition, we have analyzed the traditional magnetic alloy casting technology, studied magnetic materials, and compared the powder magnet properties with standard data. We have found that the parameters of powders obtained by gas atomization are qualitatively superior to those of powders obtained using other methods, whereas the resulting magnets meet the requirements for magnets. Based on the 25Kh15KA alloy powder atomized by gas atomization, a SLM plant allows to manufacture permanent magnets with a material density of 7.59–7.55 g/cu.cm, which meets the requirements recommended by the State Standard GOST 24897-81, and to obtain the magnet properties that can be achieved using traditional metallurgical technologies.
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Sripriyan, K., and M. Ramu. "Analysis of weld bead characteristics on GMAW by changing wire electrode geometry." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 78, no. 2 (October 3, 2016): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1494.
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Purpose: Welding is one of the important processes for the manufacture of a wide varietyof products. Most of the manufactured products have to be produced by welding due to itsgreater productivity and economical viability. Still quality has to be enhanced in the products.To attain the perfect quality in weld a new attempt has been tried out while existing processare being optimized. In this direction, the conventional Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) hasbeen developed to encourage high welding performance variant. Influence of changingfiller metal geometry is one of the ways to improve the capability of giving high depositionrate and penetration. Accordingly, a flat wire arc welding system has been developed andweld bead characteristic has been investigated. The overall results show that, the proposedtechnique of changing wire electrode geometry can be used effectively to improve the weldbead characteristics. In this article, how does a change in electrode geometry contribute tothe weld quality in manufacturing industries, is well- verified by experimental results, whichare also explored here.
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Butt, Javaid, Yasasween Hewavidana, Vahaj Mohaghegh, Shabnam Sadeghi-Esfahlani, and Hassan Shirvani. "Hybrid Manufacturing and Experimental Testing of Glass Fiber Enhanced Thermoplastic Composites." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 3, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3040096.
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Additive Manufacturing (AM) is gaining enormous attention from academic and industrial sectors for product development using different materials. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is a popular AM method that works with thermoplastics. This process offers benefits of customisation both in terms of hardware and software in the case of desktop-based FDM systems. Enhancement of mechanical properties for the traditional thermoplastic material is a widely researched area and various materials have been added to achieve this goal. This paper focuses on the manufacture of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites using Hybrid Fused Deposition Modelling (HFDM). Commonly available polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA) material was inter-laced with 0.03 mm thick glass fiber sheets to manufacture GFRP products followed by tensile testing. This was done to investigate whether adding more layers increases the tensile strength of the GFRP products or not. Furthermore, the maximum number of glass fiber layers that can be added to the 4 mm thick specimen was also identified. This was done to demonstrate that there is an optimal number of glass fiber layers that can be added as after this optimal number, the tensile strength start to deteriorate. Microstructural analysis was undertaken after tensile testing followed by ultrasonic testing to assess the uniformity of the GFRP composites.
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Kovalev, Oleg. "Comparative analysis of performance characteristics of nozzle heads for powder transportation in a laser cladding and direct material deposition." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 01041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822401041.
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The analysis of the dynamics of gas-dispersed flows created by nozzle heads, which are used in the additive technology of direct laser deposition of material in the manufacture of metal products of complex geometry, is analyzed. The features of using nozzle systems for increasing the efficiency of powder transport in laser treatment are discussed. Typical gas-powder transport nozzles of well-known manufacturers Trumpf and Precitec are considered. The study is conducted to obtain additional information for a thorough understanding of the physical processes that take place and to increase the efficiency of the practical use of equipment.
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Qiao, Zhe, Xue Feng She, Jing Song Wang, and Qing Guo Xue. "Current State of Gas Resource Utilization and Countermeasures of Energy Saving for Integrated Iron and Steel Works in China." Advanced Materials Research 849 (November 2013): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.849.165.
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Gas is an important secondary energy in integrated iron and steel works. In this paper we proposed the reasons for low gas utilization by analyzing the characteristics and recycling situation of gas resource. One is the relatively backward idea, the other is that the ways and means of optimizing gas utilization are also backward, then we come up with the countermeasures to improve gas resource utilization. First of all we should promote energy conservation of enterprise system, optimize comprehensive utilization of gas and improve the energy structure. Second is putting more investment in new technology development and take active use of new technology and new process, such as high temperature air combustion technology, combined cycle power plant technology, enriched technology of blast furnace gas and so on. Last is developing gas deep processing to promote co-products of steel and chemical industry. The high added-value chemical products can be obtained by technologies such as production of hydrogen and methyl alcohol with coke oven gas, synthesis of methanol and dimethyl ether with converter gas and so on.
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Kotukh, Volodymyr, Natalia Kaptsova, Dmitry Donskoy, and Kateryna Paleyeva. "ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL HEREDITY ON INDICATORS OF RELIABILITY, DURABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF ELEMENTS OF GAS TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology, no. 2(6) (December 23, 2021): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.02.08.
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Modern gas transmission systems are power facilities based on a main pipeline, which is a continuous pipe, along which devices are placed that provide gas pumping at predetermined parameters. Unlike other linear structures, such as roads, railways, the main pipeline throughout the entire period of operation is in a complex stress state under the influence of the internal pressure of the pumped product and functions as a pressure vessel. The operational reliability, durability and environmental safety of gas transmission systems are ensured by various control devices and pipe fittings.
The article discusses issues related to predicting the operation of pipe fittings during the operation of the gas transmission system, while ensuring the required reliability, durability and environmental safety. An analysis of the phenomena of technical heredity is given, with the help of which it is possible to determine the causes of deviations in the output parameters of pipe fittings in the process of their manufacture or repair. It has been proved that the main feature of technological heredity is the transfer of a certain technological property from the previous technological operation to subsequent ones, characterized by the transfer coefficient of technological heredity. An indispensable condition for the monotonicity of changes in the transmission coefficient of technological heredity in order to ensure the required quality of manufacture or repair of pipe fittings is revealed. The economic principle of predicting the quality of manufacturing or repair of products is proposed for use, a relationship is found between the initial and output technological properties of pipe fittings, a route is chosen to achieve the required quality of its manufacture or repair, including procurement and finishing technological operations.
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Sophiana, Intan Clarissa, Tri Partono Adhi, and Yogi Wibisono Budhi. "Simulation of Dry Reforming of Methane to Form Synthesis Gas as Feed Stock for Acetic Acid Production." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133306002.
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The Natuna gas field is one of the largest natural gas reserves in Indonesia with estimated natural gas reserves of 222 TCF. However, until now, the use of Natuna gas is still hampered because of the very high CO2 content reaching 71%, while the methane content is around 28%. The dry reforming of methane (DRM) process is one of the potential ways to be applied for solving these problems to convert CH4 and CO2 to synthesis gas containing CO and H2 as a raw material that can be applied to manufacture as intermediate products or end products in the petrochemical industry such as acetic acid. The simulation of the acetic acid production was conducted by using ASPEN HYSYS v.10, considering mass and heat balances. The PengRobinson was applied for dry reforming of methane process. In order to produce 496.8 kmol/h of the acetic acid, the 500 kmol/h for each CH4 and CO2 were used as feed gas. The total energy required is 4.7 MMBtu per ton of acetic acid. The acetic acid has a purity of 99.4% with a concentration of 500 ppm methanol, and moisture content of 5,700 ppm.
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Sophiana, Intan Clarissa, Tri Partono Adhi, and Yogi Wibisono Budhi. "Simulation of Dry Reforming of Methane to Form Synthesis Gas as Feed Stock for Acetic Acid Production." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133306002.
Full textAbstract:
The Natuna gas field is one of the largest natural gas reserves in Indonesia with estimated natural gas reserves of 222 TCF. However, until now, the use of Natuna gas is still hampered because of the very high CO2 content reaching 71%, while the methane content is around 28%. The dry reforming of methane (DRM) process is one of the potential ways to be applied for solving these problems to convert CH4 and CO2 to synthesis gas containing CO and H2 as a raw material that can be applied to manufacture as intermediate products or end products in the petrochemical industry such as acetic acid. The simulation of the acetic acid production was conducted by using ASPEN HYSYS v.10, considering mass and heat balances. The PengRobinson was applied for dry reforming of methane process. In order to produce 496.8 kmol/h of the acetic acid, the 500 kmol/h for each CH4 and CO2 were used as feed gas. The total energy required is 4.7 MMBtu per ton of acetic acid. The acetic acid has a purity of 99.4% with a concentration of 500 ppm methanol, and moisture content of 5,700 ppm.
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Park, Hyungpil, Baeg-Soon Cha, and Byungohk Rhee. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Process Conditions on Residual Wall Thickness and Cooling and Surface Characteristics of Water-Assisted Injection Molded Hollow Products." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/161938.
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Recently, water-assisted injection molding was employed in the automobile industry to manufacture three-dimensional hollow tube-type products with functionalities. However, process optimization is difficult in the case of water-assisted injection molding because of the various rheological interactions between the injected water and the polymer. In this study, the boiling phenomenon that occurs because of the high melt temperature when injecting water and the molding characteristics of the hollow section during the water-assisted injection process were analyzed by a water-assisted injection molding analysis. In addition, the changes in the residual wall thickness accompanying changes in the process conditions were compared with the analysis results by considering water-assisted injection molding based on gas-assisted injection molding. Furthermore, by comparing the cooling characteristics and inner wall surface qualities corresponding to the formation of the hollow section by gas and water injections, a water-assisted injection molding technique was proposed for manufacturing hollow products with functionality.
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Mokhov, M. A., Yu A. Sazonov, V. V. Mulenko, M. A. Frankov, Kh A. Tumanyan, V. G. Timoshenko, and S. V. Kruglov. "Development of Pumping Equipment for Oil and Gas Production in Complicated Conditions." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 4573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8357.
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The research is aimed at the development of new scientific principles for the creation of special pumping equipment for the extraction of oil and gas in complicated conditions. In many cases, the complicated operating conditions of the pump are determined by the high gas content and high content of mechanical impurities in the multiphase flow. In the course of scientific research, new methods of designing hydraulic machines were tested, including the use of additive technologies. In the study of labyrinth pumps, the issues were considered concerning the features of the operating process with increased rotor speed. New design of the rotor manufactured using additive technologies was discussed. It is shown that the rotor screw in a labyrinth pump can be replaced by a set of impellers, for example, by a set of centrifugal wheels or a set of axial wheels. New results concerning labyrinth pumps can give impetus to the development of research on hydraulic and gas turbines, as well as on heat engines. Some results of the works performed can be used to create robotics.
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das Neves, Maurício David Martins, Luzinete Pereira Barbosa, Luís Carlos Elias da Silva, Olandir Vercino Correa, and Isolda Costa. "TIG Welding of Sintered AISI 316 L Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.454.
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Stainless steel (SS) powders are used in the preparation of sintered SS products. One of the applications of sintered SS products is as filters in the petrochemical and food processing industries. In these industries, the SS filters are subject to severe conditions associated with the removal of solid particles from the fluid. Hence, SS filters should have adequate mechanical strength and high corrosion resistance. Welding can be used to manufacture SS filters. In this study, sintered AISI 316L specimens were welded using the TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) process. The weld joints were examined by optical microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical polarization measurements were carried out to evaluate the influence of welding on the corrosion resistance of sintered filters.
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Muhammad Suandi, Mohd Effendi, Mohammad Harith Amlus, Abdul Rahman Hemdi, Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim, Mohd Fathullah Ghazali, and Nur Liza Rahim. "A Review on Sustainability Characteristics Development for Wooden Furniture Design." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 8748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148748.
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The design of furniture products is influenced by increasing consumer interest in green products and sustainability values. However, although the demand for sustainable furniture products is high, the standardization of sustainability characteristics in furniture design has still not been achieved. A thorough literature review was conducted, which considered various sustainability characteristics that apply in industries that design furniture. This review paper aimed to identify common sustainability characteristics so that a new standard for furniture industries can be established. In this review, numerous themes were explored relating to design guidelines, design criteria, design preferences, design optimization, design evaluation and assessment, design decision making, strategic planning, design strategies, the integration of eco-design, and eco-design tools. A total of 137 articles were reviewed regarding their sustainability characteristics according to the triple bottom-line framework for a relevant product sector. Due to the limited reports on the sustainability characteristics of furniture design activities, this paper also tried to include common sustainability characteristics of non-furniture products that are available on the market. Through the review, 10 sustainability characteristics were identified for the environment, 17 for the economy, and 16 for the social dimension as being common among manufacturers when designing their products. A further in-depth analysis was conducted by mapping the characteristics to those that were significantly implemented in the design process, of which five (5) were environmental, two (2) were economic, and five (5) were social sustainability characteristics. This review is significant in helping furniture designers to use appropriate and effective sustainability standards in the design and manufacture of products that meet customers’ demands. Previous literature reviews have not clearly measured the triple bottom line. Furthermore, no definite characteristics were proposed in previous works regarding wooden furniture design, leaving a gap to be closed by future works.
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Zhabrev, Leonid, Dmitry Kurushkin, Igor Mushnikov, and Oleg Panchenko. "The Coatings Breakdown Products Influence on the Gas Metal Arc Welding Parameters." Coatings 10, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111061.
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The installation and renovation works of steel structures are often performed using gas metal arc welding. Thereby, the welded elements of these structures are frequently protected by a variety of primers and coatings, especially in shipbuilding. Complex nonequilibrium physical and chemical processes occurring under the influence of high temperatures and electric arc discharge, as well as the presence of the products that affect the welding parameters, have a significant impact on the joints’ quality. Experimental studies on the coatings’ breakdown products influence on the gas metal arc welding parameters were performed with epoxy, alkyd, polyacrylate, polyvinyl butyral primers, epoxy zinc filled, vinyl chloride, vinyl isobutyl, and organosilicate coatings. The peculiarity of welding current waveform parameters was studied using oscillograms processing. It was found that the main coatings breakdown products that influence the current waveform are oxygen and carbon monoxide.
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Humphrey, Daniel Ibani, Nkoi Barinyima, and Isaac Okwu E. "Effective Maintenance of Gas Turbine Power Plant to Improve Productivity." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.4.1109.
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This research work identified strategies to effectively maintain the gas turbine power plant as to improve on productivity. The main aim is to determine the effect of a good maintenance culture on the reliability of gas turbine power plant operation, to evaluate the loss of revenue due to high rate of intervention (or failure) in the power plant. Materials were collected from the manufacturers manual, maintenance report log sheet, production report log book/sheets, intervention schedule programmes, mechanical vibration analyzer machines, machine lubrication schedule/plan, Instrumentation calibration manuals and plants simulation model log books/sheets, human machine interface system (HMI) as well as the equipment control and monitoring machine (ECM), self administered questionnaire and internet system. The collated data were analyzed with the aid of number of intervention, mean time between failures (MTBF), mean time to repair (MTTR), production yield, loss of revenue equations as well as responses from returned questionnaires to determine the effect of adequate maintenance of the power plant on productivity. The analysis revealed a negative growth rate in productivity resulting from poor performance of the gas turbine power plant in the year (2013-2017) due to poor maintenance culture. There has been colossal loss of revenue due to incessant shutdown of power plant which also affects the process plants. From the result of five years average yield of Notore historical products cost per day for two major products namely; ammonia and urea amounted to N0.1104B. In other words, for one production year, revenue of N36.4 Billion would have been received but due to high plant down-time for maintenance intervention, the company lost about N0.851Billion in a year. This is a huge loss to Notore Chemical Industries Plc.
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Humphrey, Daniel Ibani, Nkoi Barinyima, and Isaac Okwu E. "Effective Maintenance of Gas Turbine Power Plant to Improve Productivity." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.4.1109.
Full textAbstract:
This research work identified strategies to effectively maintain the gas turbine power plant as to improve on productivity. The main aim is to determine the effect of a good maintenance culture on the reliability of gas turbine power plant operation, to evaluate the loss of revenue due to high rate of intervention (or failure) in the power plant. Materials were collected from the manufacturers manual, maintenance report log sheet, production report log book/sheets, intervention schedule programmes, mechanical vibration analyzer machines, machine lubrication schedule/plan, Instrumentation calibration manuals and plants simulation model log books/sheets, human machine interface system (HMI) as well as the equipment control and monitoring machine (ECM), self administered questionnaire and internet system. The collated data were analyzed with the aid of number of intervention, mean time between failures (MTBF), mean time to repair (MTTR), production yield, loss of revenue equations as well as responses from returned questionnaires to determine the effect of adequate maintenance of the power plant on productivity. The analysis revealed a negative growth rate in productivity resulting from poor performance of the gas turbine power plant in the year (2013-2017) due to poor maintenance culture. There has been colossal loss of revenue due to incessant shutdown of power plant which also affects the process plants. From the result of five years average yield of Notore historical products cost per day for two major products namely; ammonia and urea amounted to N0.1104B. In other words, for one production year, revenue of N36.4 Billion would have been received but due to high plant down-time for maintenance intervention, the company lost about N0.851Billion in a year. This is a huge loss to Notore Chemical Industries Plc.