Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gas filters

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Gas filters'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gas filters"

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Lu, Feng, Yihuan Huang, Jinquan Huang, and Xiaojie Qiu. "Gas turbine performance monitoring based on extended information fusion filter." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 2 (May 15, 2018): 483–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410018776398.

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Performance monitoring is a critical issue for gas turbine engine for improving the operation safety and reducing the maintenance cost. With regard to this, variants of Kalman-filters-based state estimation have been employed to detect gas turbine performance, but the classical centralized Kalman filters are subject to heavy computational effort and poor fault tolerance. A novel nonlinear fusion filter algorithm using information description with distributed architecture is proposed and applied to gas turbine performance monitoring. This methodology is developed from federated Kalman filter, and a bank of local extended information filters and one information mixer are combined with extended information fusion filter. The local state estimates and covariance calculated in parallel by the local extended information filters are integrated in the information mixer to yield a global state estimate. The global state estimate of nonlinear system is fed back to the local filters with weighted factor for next iteration. The aim of the proposed methodology is to reduce the computational efforts of state estimation and improve robustness to sensor faults in cases of gas turbine performance monitoring. The simulation results on a turbofan engine confirm the extended information fusion filter's effective capabilities in comparison to the general central ones.
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Reddy, Venkat K., and Nihal C. Rajapakse. "CARBOHYDRATE STATUS OF CUSO4 SPECTRAL FILTER-GROWN CHRYSANTHEMUM PLANTS." HortScience 31, no. 5 (September 1996): 745d—745. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.745d.

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The response of `Bright Golden Anne' chrysanthemum plants grown under CuSO4 spectral filters to exogenous GA3 application was evaluated to determine the relationship between gibberellins (GAs) and carbohydrate levels. The CuSO4 filters removed far red (FR) wavelengths of light and increased red: far red (R:FR), blue: far red (B:FR), blue: red (B:R) ratios, and phytochrome photoequilibrium (Ø) values of transmitted light compared to water (control) filter. Plant height, internode length, and leaf and stem dry weights were significantly reduced by light passing through CuSO4 filters in spring and summer seasons. Weekly applications of exogenous GA3 reversed the reduction in height and internode length induced by CuSO4 filters. Plants grown under CuSO4 filters responded more to exogenous GA3 application with respect to height and internode length, suggesting that the sensitivity to GA was not lowered. Light passing through CuSO4 filters reduced the carbohydrate levels, but the response varied with the season. Weekly GA3 application increased the carbohydrate levels, but did not totally reverse the reduction in carbohydrate levels under the CuSO4 filters. Although GA3 application increased the carbohydrate levels partially in CuSO4 filter-grown plants, the inhibition of GAs may not be solely responsible for reduction of carbohydrate levels under CuSO4 filters, showing that exogenous GAs and carbohydrate levels are not well correlated under CuSO4 spectral filters.
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Schwarz, Almuth D., Jörg Meyer, and Achim Dittler. "Penetration of Water-Soluble Material through Gas-Cleaning Filters." Membranes 12, no. 8 (August 12, 2022): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080776.

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To predict the behavior of gas-cleaning filters during real-world operation, it is essential to understand their response to ambient conditions. The temporary presence of water droplets in gas-cleaning filtration systems due to fog, spray rain, or condensation, as examples of irregular events, has an impact on the filters’ operating performance, especially when soluble particles are present. In this work, surface filters were loaded with mixtures of water-soluble salt particles and insoluble glass spheres. These were, subsequently, exposed to water mist and dried by a particle-free gas stream. A novel approach to analyze the drainage of solution on filters with soluble filter cakes is presented, which allows the detection of solubles on the clean gas side of the filter. As a result, this work, for the first time, presents a sighting of the penetration of soluble filter cake material through gas-cleaning filters. Furthermore, filter performance, in terms of differential pressure and fractional separation efficiency, was determined and a characteristic differential pressure evolution for hydrophilic filters during exposure to water mist was also identified. The fractional separation efficiency of gas-cleaning filters decreases due to exposure to water mist. The findings are supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray microtomography (µ-CT analysis) images.
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White, L. R., T. L. Tompkins, K. C. Hsieh, and D. D. Johnson. "Ceramic Filters for Hot Gas Cleanup." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906757.

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This paper reviews the properties of high-temperature ceramic fibers and relates why strength, thermal shock resistance, chemical inertness, and high-temperature capability are important properties for high-temperature filter media. The use of candle filters, fabric filters, and composite filters will be discussed for removal of particulates from hot gas streams in electrical power generation systems, metal refining, chemical processing, and Diesel engine exhaust applications.
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Tatineni, Anuradha, Sonja L. Maki, and Nihal C. Rajapakse. "Growth Response and Carbohydrate Status of Gibberellin-treated Spectral Filter-grown Chrysanthemum Plants." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 522c—522. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.522c.

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Interest in the use of non- (or less) chemical methods to reduce the height of ornamental crops has increased tremendously. Manipulation of greenhouse light quality is one alternative for plant growth regulation. We have shown that eliminating far-red light from the greenhouse environment with liquid CuSO4 spectral filters is effective in reducing the height of a wide range of plants though plant carbohydrate status is also altered under CuSO4 filter. In previous studies, application of GA3 reversed both the reduction of plant height and carbohydrate status of CuSO4 spectral filter grown plants. It has been proposed that GAs enhance the activity of the enzyme sucrose phosphate synthase to regulate carbohydrate levels. In the present study the role of exogenously applied GA19, GA1, and GA3 in overcoming the reduction of plant height and carbohydrate levels was investigated. Chrysanthemum plants were treated weekly for 4 weeks with saturating doses of GA19, GA1 and GA3 (25 μg) or the growth retardants paclobutrazol and prohexadione. GA1 was also applied with paclobutrazol and prohexadione to assess whether response to GAs is altered under CuSO4 filter. GA1 and GA3 promoted growth similarly under control or CuSO4 filter. GA19 was least effective in promoting growth under CuSO4 filter. In summary, these results suggest that gibberellin physiology is altered under spectral filters with the conversion of GA19 a possible point of regulation. The correlation between the carbohydrate status and the growth of the plants will be discussed.
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Talipova, M. V., A. V. Lyang, and N. V. Shcherbak. "Development of filter-sorbing materials for modern gas masks and respirators." FORESTRY BULLETIN 27, no. 1 (February 2023): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2023-1-121-133.

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The article focuses on the study of filter-sorbing materials (FSM) for the development of small-sized filters and the formation of a modern filters range for gas masks and respirators. There are various kinds of filters, namely particle filters, consisting of a filter material (FM) with protection from aerosols; gas filters, consisting of coal charge with protection from various concentrations of dangerous gases and vapors and combined filters, including anti-aerosol and gas protection. But in industry, due to the improvement of working conditions at enterprises, personal respiratory protection equipment is needed both from aerosols and from low concentrations of dangerous gases and vapors in the air of the working area. The creation of a new small-sized filter with a single filter-sorbing element with low resistance to air flow during breathing is an actual task. In order to form an assortment of modern filters for gas masks and respirators, we studied FSM in the form of polymer or glass fibers sprayed with carbon particles. An experimental series of studies based on the use of FSMs with adsorbents has been carried out, activated carbon (AC) and various absorbers were obtained by impregnation of AC. It is determined that the impregnation of AC with special additives allows for additional protection from inorganic and acid gases and vapors, from ammonia. Comparative tests of the FSMs were carried out with the analysis of the research results. Optimal FSMs have been determined. The fractional composition of coal particles is determined depending on the method of their application. The sorption properties of the obtained FSMs are determined. In this work, for the first time, the combination of a filter material with AC impregnated with chemical additives in particle filters was tested and evaluated. The effect of a combination of AC and a fibrous semi-finished product on the properties of FSM has been studied.
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Judkins, R. R., D. P. Stinton, R. G. Smith, E. M. Fischer, J. H. Eaton, B. L. Weaver, J. L. Kahnke, and D. J. Pysher. "Development of Ceramic Composite Hot-Gas Filters." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816675.

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A novel type of hot-gas filter based on a ceramic fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix was developed and extended to full-size, 60-mm OD by 1.5-m-long, candle filters. A commercially viable process for producing the filters was developed, and the filters are undergoing testing and demonstration throughout the world for applications in pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants. Development activities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and at the 3M Company, and testing at the Westinghouse Science and Technology Center (STC) are presented. Demonstration tests at the Tidd PFBC are in progress. Issues identified during the testing and demonstration phases of the development are discussed. Resolution of the issues identified during testing and the status of commercialization of the filters are described.
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Lu, Feng, Yafan Wang, Jinquan Huang, Yihuan Huang, and Xiaojie Qiu. "Fusing unscented Kalman filter for performance monitoring and fault accommodation in gas turbine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 232, no. 3 (December 12, 2016): 556–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016682269.

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The Kalman filter is widely utilized for gas turbine health monitoring due to its simplicity, robustness, and suitability for real-time implementations. The most common Kalman filter for linear systems is linearized Kalman filter, and for nonlinear systems are extended Kalman filter and unscented Kalman filter. These algorithms have proven their capabilities to estimate gas turbine performance variations with a good accuracy, and the studies are done provided that all sensor measurements are available. In this paper, a nonlinear fusion approach with consistent diagnostic mechanism based on unscented Kalman filter is proposed, especially for gas turbine performance monitoring in the case of sensor failure. The architecture of fusion method comprises a set of local unscented Kalman filters and an information mixer. The local unscented Kalman filters are utilized to estimate health parameters of various component combinations, and the results are then transferred to the mixer for the integrated estimation of global health state in fusion structure. The consistent fault diagnosis and isolation logic is designed based on the fusion architecture and combined with the fusing unscented Kalman filter, called an improved fusing unscented Kalman filter. A systematic comparison of the generic linearized Kalman filter, extended Kalman filter, and unscented Kalman filter to their fusion filter kinds is presented for engine health estimation of gradual deterioration and abrupt fault. The studies show that the fusing unscented Kalman filter evidently outperforms the fusing linearized Kalman filter and fusing extended Kalman filter, while the fusing Kalman filters have slightly better estimation accuracy than the basic Kalman filters. In addition, the proposed methodology can reach the reliable performance monitoring with measurement uncertainty while the conventional Kalman filters collapse.
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Ganguli, R. "Data Rectification and Detection of Trend Shifts in Jet Engine Path Measurements Using Median Filters and Fuzzy Logic." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 4 (September 24, 2002): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1470482.

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Filtering methods are explored for removing noise from data while preserving sharp edges that many indicate a trend shift in gas turbine measurements. Linear filters are found to be have problems with removing noise while preserving features in the signal. The nonlinear hybrid median filter is found to accurately reproduce the root signal from noisy data. Simulated faulty data and fault-free gas path measurement data are passed through median filters and health residuals for the data set are created. The health residual is a scalar norm of the gas path measurement deltas and is used to partition the faulty engine from the healthy engine using fuzzy sets. The fuzzy detection system is developed and tested with noisy data and with filtered data. It is found from tests with simulated fault-free and faulty data that fuzzy trend shift detection based on filtered data is very accurate with no false alarms and negligible missed alarms.
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Li, Hai Xia, and Bing Guang Gao. "Filtration Performance of Particle Removal from Gas with Ceramic Candle Filter." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1205.

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A gas-particle separation system was established to study the filtration performance where twelve ceramic filters were divided into four groups. Filters in the same group will be cleaned by pulse back-flow at once. The pressure distribution and variation during filtration and pulse back-flow washing in four group filter and along filter length was measured. The main pressure drop occurs across the filter porous wall. The pressure at filter cavity decreases from the close end to open end of the candle filter. The gas velocity magnitude inside the filter system during filtration process is generally relatively low inside the vessel. The velocity increases as the gas passes across the filter walls and enters the outlet of the filter tube.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gas filters"

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Natvig, Ingunn Roald. "Gas cleaning with Granular Filters." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8822.

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The panel bed filter (PBF) is a granular filter patented by A. M. Squires in the late sixties. PBFs consist of louvers with stationary, granular beds. Dust is deposited in the top layers and on the bed surface when gas flows through. PBFs are resistant to high temperatures, variations in the gas flow and hot particles. The filter is cleaned by releasing a pressure pulse in the opposite direction of the bulk flow (a puff back pulse). A new louver geometry patented by A. M. Squires is the filter tray louvers. The new design is believed to reduce the pressure drop and the number of louvers, and to make the filter more compact. We have designed and built a laboratory scale PBF with filter tray louvers based on the patent. Experiments with the prototype show that the new louver can be cleaned with a puff back pulse. A PBF system for a hypothetical biomass combustion plant has been designed. The heat from the flue gas will be used for district heating. The proposed PBF system design consists of double-sided modules with 46 filter tray louvers on top of each other. Five modules are mounted together in module columns, sharing the same clean gas duct and puff back pipe. The granular medium chosen is Sintered Bauxite 20/40 (SB). The module columns are placed in an enveloping house. SB and dust fall into bins in the bottom of the enveloping house during puff back cleaning. A vacuum pneumatic conveying system brings the dust and SB to the top of the filter. Dust and SB are separated in a sieve. Dust is deposited, and SB is transported back to the modules. NTNU is currently involved in the BioSOFC project. The objective of this project is to increase efficiency in energy production from biomass by using producer gas from a biomass gasification plant in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Field tests will be performed at a plant in Güssing, Austria. A PBF will be used for gas filtration. The operating temperature will be 500 °C to avoid tar condensation. We have performed heating experiments on the BioSOFC filter system. The results were not satisfactory, as the temperature in the filter ranged from 384 to 625 °C. The filter system was due to be shipped, and new tests could not be performed. This work proposes that modifications to the heating cable circuits are made, and new heating tests are performed before the field testing.

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Cheung, Chiu Kee. "Dry scrubbing of hydrogen chloride gas using ceramic filters." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362594.

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Alarfaj, Ayman Mohammed Abdullah. "Validation of low resistance filters for gas/vapour sampling." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4257.

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Traditional occupational hygiene assessment of occupational exposures to organic gases and vapours rely on low flow (<200 ml/min) NIOSH sorbent tubes. This work investigates 3M charcoal filter media (JK50 and JK40, 3M, Inc.) for collection and analysis of organic vapours across 0.1-5 l/min. To enable this work, a custom exposure facility was constructed and validated within which organic analyte gas/vapour concentrations could be introduced at known concentrations while controlling environmental variables such as temperature and humidity and other variables. This facility enabled experiments designed to investigate collection and desorption efficiencies across a range of sample flow rates, temperature and humidity conditions for both NIOSH sorbent tubes (e.g. SKC tube) and 3M charcoal filter media. As a result of the investigations described in this thesis, the following conclusions are drawn. Performance of the 3M charcoal filter media for collection and desorption efficiencies for loading, storage time, humidity and breakthrough at low flow rates (<0.5 l/min) were found comparable to the SKC sorbent tube. It is concluded that 3M charcoal media (JK50 and JK40) are suitable for sampling and analyses of hydrocarbons at flow rates <0.5 l/min. The collection efficiencies of the 3M charcoal filter media were investigated at high flow rates (>0.5l/min) for the same parameters, i.e., loading, temperature and humidity. It is concluded that 3M charcoal filter media can be used with confidence in sampling and analysis of airborne hydrocarbons up to 5 l/min. The Wheeler-Jonas model was found to satisfactorily predict the adsorption kinetics of the 3M charcoal filter media at different loading values of hydrocarbons. It was therefore concluded that the model can be applied to determine the suitable amount of 3M charcoal filter media prior to sampling for a given loading.
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Alarfaj, Ayman M. A. "Validation of Low Resistance Filters for Gas/Vapour Sampling." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4257.

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Traditional occupational hygiene assessment of occupational exposures to organic gases and vapours rely on low flow (<200 ml/min) NIOSH sorbent tubes. This work investigates 3M charcoal filter media (JK50 and JK40, 3M, Inc.) for collection and analysis of organic vapours across 0.1 ¿ 5 l/min. To enable this work, a custom exposure facility was constructed and validated within which organic analyte gas/vapour concentrations could be introduced at known concentrations while controlling environmental variables such as temperature and humidity and other variables. This facility enabled experiments designed to investigate collection and desorption efficiencies across a range of sample flow rates, temperature and humidity conditions for both NIOSH sorbent tubes (e.g. SKC tube) and 3M charcoal filter media. As a result of the investigations described in this thesis, the following conclusions are drawn. Performance of the 3M charcoal filter media for collection and desorption efficiencies for loading, storage time, humidity and breakthrough at low flow rates (<0.5 l/min) were found comparable to the SKC sorbent tube. It is concluded that 3M charcoal media (JK50 and JK40) are suitable for sampling and analyses of hydrocarbons at flow rates <0.5 l/min. The collection efficiencies of the 3M charcoal filter media were investigated at high flow rates (>0.5l/min) for the same parameters, i.e., loading, temperature and humidity. It is concluded that 3M charcoal filter media can be used with confidence in sampling and analysis of airborne hydrocarbons up to 5 l/min. The Wheeler-Jonas model was found to satisfactorily predict the adsorption kinetics of the 3M charcoal filter media at different loading values of hydrocarbons. It was therefore concluded that the model can be applied to determine the suitable amount of 3M charcoal filter media prior to sampling for a given loading.
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Kornelius, Gerrit. "The design of electrostatically augmented moving bed granular gas filters." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05052005-095030/.

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Cheung, Kerry. "Chip-scale quadrupole mass filters for a Micro-Gas Analyzer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52777.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-188).
Mass spectrometers are powerful analytical instruments that serve as the gold standard for chemical analysis. This tool has numerous applications ranging from national security, industrial processing, environmental monitoring, space exploration, and healthcare to name a few. These systems are typically large, heavy, power-hungry, and expensive, constraining its usage to a laboratory setting. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in utilizing mass spectrometers outside the lab. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology holds the promise of making devices smaller, faster, better, and cheaper. The Micro-Gas Analyzer (MGA) project attempts to leverage MEMS capabilities to create a low-cost, high-performance, portable mass spectrometer. Batch-fabrication of various components for the MGA has been demonstrated to date, but the mass filter component still has room for exploration. Chip-scale quadrupole mass filters achieved entirely through wafer-scale processing have been designed, fabricated, and characterized. The device integrates the quadrupole electrodes, ion optics, and housing into a single monolithic block, eliminating the electrode-to-housing misalignments inherent in other quadrupoles. To achieve this integration, unconventional square electrode geometry was utilized. This concept formed the basis of the micro-square electrode quadrupole mass filter (MuSE-QMF). The MuSE-QMF demonstrated mass filtering with a maximum mass range of 650 amu and a minimum peak-width of 0.5 amu at mass 40, corresponding to a resolution of 80.
(cont.) More importantly, the design concept can be extended to complex architectures that were previously unachievable. Batch-fabricated quadrupoles in arrays, in tandem, or with integrated pre-filters can have significant impact on the future of portable mass spectrometry. Additionally, the MuSE-QMF makes a case for operation in the second stability region, and motivates new studies on quadrupole ion dynamics.
by Kerry Cheung.
Ph.D.
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Lin, Ye Hone. "Evaluation of vibration responses of ceramic candle filters using an accelerometer and a laser vibrometer." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1369.

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Cardador, Maza David. "Infrared optical filters based in macroporous silicon for espectroscopic gas detection." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673046.

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Gas detection is of great importance in areas as diverse as industry, health or safety in domestic environments or public spaces, among others, and it is highly specific to each application. The detection method depends on factors such as the species of gas to be detected, concentration range, required resolution, sensitivity, specificity, response time, operating environment (temperature, humidity, interfering species, etc.), size and cost, among other considerations. Optical gas sensors are an attractive solution for gas detection. Most of them rely on molecular absorption and offer fast responses, minimal drift and are intrinsically reliable thanks to perform self-referenced measurements. Sensitivity and selectivity depend on the characteristics of the device. For example, laser-based gas sensors are highly selective with zero cross response to other gases and also with first-in-class sensitivity. The downside is that they are expensive. Non-dispersive infra-red (NDIR) sensors are a widespread alternative for cost-effective optical detection. They have inferior performances in terms of sensitivity and selectivity than laser-based sensors, but are two or three orders of magnitude less expensive. This thesis is dedicated to improving the selectivity and sensitivity of NDIR devices through the use of macroporous silicon technology. More specifically, it studies how photonic crystals manufactured by electrochemical etching can be used as narrow mid-infrared filters for gas detection purposes. That is, the photonic crystals are designed in such a way that only a small range of frequencies from an external source are transmitted while the surroundings are blocked. These filters are narrower than those available on the market and can be used to improve the selectivity and the sensitivity of NDIR devices as well as to reduce cross detection with other gases. In addition, the study shows how macroporous silicon photonic crystals can be heated to work as selective emitters. This can be used to reduce the complexity of the NDIR device while maintaining similar optical characteristics. Furthermore, it is proven that photonic molecules can be employed to perform dual detection in both transmission and emission, giving a new approach to self-referenced measurements. Conclusions of the work show that macroporous silicon technology is a versatile platform to provide solutions in the mid-infrared range for developing compact, sensitive and selective optical gas sensing.
La detecció de gasos és de gran importància en àrees tan diverses com la indústria, la salut o la seguretat en entorns domèstics o espais públics, entre d'altres, i és altament específica per a cada aplicació. El mètode de detecció a utilitzar depèn de factors com ara el gas a detectar, el rang de concentració, la resolució requerida, la sensibilitat, l'especificitat, el temps de resposta, l'entorn operatiu (temperatura, humitat, espècies interferents, etc. .), la mida i el cost, entre altres consideracions. Els sensors òptics de gas són una solució atractiva per a la detecció de gas. La majoria d'ells es basen en l'absorció molecular i ofereixen respostes ràpides, deriva mínima i són intrínsecament fiables gràcies a la realització de mesures auto-referenciades. La sensibilitat i la selectivitat depenen de les característiques del dispositiu. Per exemple, els sensors de gas basats en tecnologia làser són altament selectius, no presenten resposta creuada a altres gasos i són altament sensibles. El desavantatge és que són cars. Els sensors d'infrarojos no dispersius (NDIR) són una alternativa molt estesa per a la detecció òptica de baix cost. Tenen un rendiment inferior en termes de sensibilitat i selectivitat que els sensors basats en làser, però són dos o tres ordres de magnitud més barats. Aquesta tesi està dedicada a millorar la selectivitat i la sensibilitat dels dispositius NDIR mitjançant la tecnologia de silici macroporós. Més específicament, estudia com els cristalls fotònics fabricats mitjançant el gravat electroquímic poden ser usats com a filtres estrets d'infraroig mitjà per a la detecció de gasos. És a dir, els cristalls fotònics estan dissenyats de tal manera que només un petit rang de freqüències d'una font externa es transmet mentre que els voltants estan bloquejats. Aquests filtres són més estrets que els disponibles en el mercat i poden utilitzar-se per millorar la selectivitat i la sensibilitat dels dispositius NDIR, així com per reduir la detecció creuada amb altres gasos. A més, l'estudi mostra com els cristalls fotònics de silici macroporós poden funcionar com a emissors selectius si són escalfats. Això pot ser usat per reduir la complexitat dels dispositius NDIR alhora que es mantenen característiques òptiques similars. A més, s'ha demostrat que les molècules fotòniques poden emprar-se per realitzar una detecció dual tant en la transmissió com en l'emissió, donant un nou enfocament a les mesures auto-referenciades. Les conclusions del treball mostren que la tecnologia de silici macroporós és una plataforma versàtil que proporciona solucions en el rang d'infraroig mitjà per al desenvolupament de sensors de gas òptics compactes, sensibles i selectius.
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Kiriakidis, Alejandro C. "Implementation and application of NDE on ceramic candle filters." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2831.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 185 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-176).
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Al-Hajeri, Mohammad Hamad. "Characterization of the fluid flow associated with ceramic candle filters." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323258.

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Books on the topic "Gas filters"

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Igwe, G. J. I. Surface structure of needle-felted gas filters: Microscopical examination techniques. Chichester, West Sussex, England: E. Horwood, 1988.

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United States International Trade Commission. In the matter of certain nonwoven gas filter elements: Investigation no. 337-TA-275. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1988.

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Hall, E. A. A project to determine the amount of oil present in natural gas used for vehicles: Final report. [Mississauga, Ont.?]: Canadian Gas Association, NGV Development Office, 1993.

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Needle felts in gas and dust filtration: The design of mechanically-bonded filters. Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1987.

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Grannell, Stephen Kenneth. The industrial application of low density rigid ceramic filters for hot gas cleaning. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1998.

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Society, American Filtration, and American Filtration Society. Regional Meeting, eds. Filtration and separation in oil and gas drilling and production operations. Houston: Gulf Pub. Co., 1990.

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Baz-Dresch, John J. Ev aluation of catalyzed diesel particulate filters used in an underground metal mine. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.

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V, Johnson Timothy, and Society of Automotive Engineers, eds. Diesel particulate filter technology. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2007.

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Clean Air Strategic Alliance. Diesel Particulate Filter Sub-group of the Vehicle Emissions Project Team. Diesel particulate filter pilot project final report. Edmonton: Clean Air Strategic Alliance, 2004.

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Deformat︠s︡ii︠a︡ gornykh porod i ee vlii︠a︡nie na ikh filʹtrat︠s︡ionno-emkostnye svoĭstva i na prot︠s︡essy filʹtrat︠s︡ii i razrabotki mestorozhdeniĭ nefti i gaza. Baku: Ėlm, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gas filters"

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Morris, K., and R. W. K. Allen. "Fabric filters." In Gas Cleaning in Demanding Applications, 70–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1451-3_5.

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Seville, J. P. K. "Rigid ceramic filters." In Gas Cleaning in Demanding Applications, 96–129. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1451-3_6.

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Seville, J. P. K., and R. Clift. "Granular bed filters." In Gas Cleaning in Demanding Applications, 170–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1451-3_9.

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Korotcenkov, Ghenadii. "Filters in Gas Sensors." In Integrated Analytical Systems, 293–303. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7165-3_12.

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Koch, D., K. Schulz, J. P. K. Seville, and R. Clift. "Regeneration of Rigid Ceramic Filters." In Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures, 244–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2172-9_16.

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Withers, C. J. "Fibrous ceramic filters in industrial use." In Gas Cleaning in Demanding Applications, 130–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1451-3_7.

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Terpstra, R. L., I. E. Anderson, and B. Gleeson. "Metallic Filters for Hot Gas Clean-Up." In Powder Materials: Current Research and Industrial Practices III, 33–46. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118984239.ch5.

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Peukert, Wolfgang, and Friedrich Löffler. "Sorption of SO2 and HCl in Granular Bed Filters." In Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures, 604–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2172-9_38.

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Plaggemeier, Thorsten, and Oliver Lämmerzahl. "Treatment of Waste Gas Pollutants in Trickling Filters." In Biotechnology, 333–44. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620968.ch15.

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Beattie, C. J. C., and C. J. Withers. "Applications of Low Density Ceramic Filters for Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures." In Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures, 173–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2172-9_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gas filters"

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White, L. R., T. L. Tompkins, K. C. Hsieh, and D. D. Johnson. "Ceramic Filters for Hot Gas Cleanup." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-313.

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This paper reviews the properties of high temperature ceramic fibers and relates why strength, thermal shock resistance, chemical inertness, and high temperature capability are important properties for high temperature filter media. The use of candle filters, fabric filters, and composite filters will be discussed for removal of particulates from hot gas streams in electrical power generation systems, metal refining, chemical processing, and Diesel engine exhaust applications.
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Judkins, Roddie R., David P. Stinton, Robert G. Smith, Edward M. Fischer, Joseph H. Eaton, Bill L. Weaver, J. Lawrence Kahnke, and Douglas J. Pysher. "Development of Ceramic Composite Hot-Gas Filters." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-305.

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A novel type of hot-gas filter based on a ceramic fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix was developed and extended to full-size, 60-mm OD by 1.5-meter-long, candle filters. A commercially viable process for producing the filters was developed, and the filters are undergoing testing and demonstration throughout the world for applications in pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants. Development activities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and at the 3M Company, and testing at the Westinghouse Science and Technology Center (STC) are presented. Demonstration tests at the Tidd PFBC are in progress. Issues identified during the testing and demonstration phases of the development are discussed. Resolution of the issues identified during testing and the status of commercialization of the filters are described.
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Weinmeister, Justin, Dustin Ottinger, and Charlotte Barbier. "Helium Degassing Filter for Mercury Process Gas Liquid Separator." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72699.

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Abstract Testing was conducted to find a suitable filter to help separate helium gas from the Spallation Neutron Source’s mercury process loop. This filter is proposed for installation on the gas-liquid separator (GLS) vent line to prevent a column of liquid mercury from flowing outside of the process loop shielding in the service bay. The filter’s desired properties are to prevent the passage of liquid mercury, provide minimal resistance to helium flow, resist radiation, operate for the lifetime of the target, be replaceable, and have a reliable construction. Testing concluded that the Mott Corporation POU-10-S series of filters provided the best performance available. The filters could stop most liquid mercury passage while allowing helium passage at nominal pressures above the GLS in standard conditions. This result has several implications for the design of the GLS vent system.
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Buzanowski, Mac, and Dani Fadda. "Optimization of Multi Cylindrical Filters for Industrial Gas Processing Plants." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37131.

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Gas filters utilize multi cylindrical filter tubes to capture undesirable solids and remove them from a gas stream. An optimization effort described in this paper starts with commonly used multi cylindrical filters and aims at significantly decreasing the gas pressure drop across the gas filter resulting in possible reduction in the diameter of the vessel while maintaining acceptable pressure loss. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is used to determine the effects of filter tube diameter and multi filter tube packing on the overall pressure drop across the vessel.
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Farooq, Khalid, and Meghdoot S. Arwindekar. "Filtration of Gas Turbine Lube Fluid Using Anti-Static Filters." In ASME 2012 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2012-9685.

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Requirement for higher turbine performance and lower costs has resulted in smaller lubrication and control fluid systems operating at higher cleanliness levels, thus requiring higher fluid flux and finer filtration levels. Triboelectric Charge (TEC) generation by fine filters and its eventual discharge is considered to be a source of lubricating fluid breakdown and the resulting formation of resinous byproducts. These fluid breakdown byproducts form deposits or ‘varnish’ on the metallic surfaces causing servo-valve stiction along with other adverse consequences. TEC generation occurs in fluid systems as a result of friction between the fluid and mainly the filtration media fibers. The friction causes charge separation between the filtration medium and the fluid, with the fluid oppositely charged to the filtration medium. The magnitude of charge generated depends on many interrelated factors, including the nature of the filter material and the fluid, fluid velocity, viscosity, conductivity and the contact area. The electrostatic discharge manifests itself in several ways, the most easily noticeable way being an audible clicking noise as the discharge of the accumulated electrostatic charge causes sparking internally within the system. In addition to lubricant degradation and varnish formation, the electrical charge can travel downstream with the fluid causing damage to system components, including the filter. There have been reports of heat exchanger damage, located downstream of the filters, due to the electrostatic charging of the fluid. The use of metal support meshes or other methods to dissipate the electrostatic charge to prevent its build-up in the filter cartridge may prevent the discharge within the filter assembly and the resulting filter damage, but it does not prevent the charging of the fluid, and the migration of the charge downstream causing damage to the fluid and the downstream components. In 2005 Pall Corporation introduced filter cartridges that mitigate charge generation and dissipate the small charge generated at its inception, thus offering the advantage of eliminating filter damage entirely, and significantly reducing the migration of the charge into the fluid and its associated damage to the fluid and the resulting varnish formation. This paper discusses the experience with the electrostatic charge dissipating filtration for the gas turbine lubrication application.
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Wilcox, Melissa, Nathan Poerner, Rainer Kurz, and Klaus Brun. "Development of Test Procedure for Quantifying the Effects of Salt and Water on Gas Turbine Inlet Filtration." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69847.

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Inlet filtration on a gas turbine strongly influences the performance degradation and life of the turbine. The inlet filtration system must have a diverse set of stages to remove the contaminants present in various phases (gas, liquid, and solid). Filters for gas turbine filtration systems are currently classified using one of three standards: ASHRAE 52.2, EN 779, or EN 1822. These standards measure the performance of filters in the dry state and do not consider the performance of the filter when wet (saturated with water). Many locations where gas turbines operate, experience conditions where the filter can be dampened or saturated which can significantly influence the filter’s performance. In addition, if soluble particles, such as sodium chloride, are captured by the filter, then there is a potential for the soluble particles to be carried by the water through the filter and into the gas turbine. In order to understand the performance of a filter with water present, a procedure is being developed. This procedure intends to quantify the effects of water and salt on the performance of filters. The procedure has been written, and a series of preliminary validation tests have been completed. The results of the preliminary validation testing show that a change can be observed in the filter’s performance when salt and water are introduced into the flow stream. In addition, the preliminary validation testing revealed many areas where the test procedure could be improved.
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Tortorelli, Peter F., Claudette G. McKamey, Edgar Lara-Curzio, and Roddie R. Judkins. "Iron-Aluminide Filters for Hot-Gas Cleanup." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-268.

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Iron aluminides have shown good to excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance in sulfur-bearing environments and thus have potential for use as the material of construction for metallic filters used to clean fossil-fuel-derived gases prior to their introduction into gas turbine systems. Consequently, a background for consideration of such alloys for filter applications is given in terms of a brief summary of the physical metallurgy and relevant high-temperature corrosion behavior of iron aluminides. In addition, preliminary characterization results on iron-aluminide filter elements exposed in test beds that simulate environments associated with advanced coal-fired energy production are presented. Although good corrosion resistance was found, there were minor to moderate strength reductions that did not necessarily scale with time. Little degradation in ductility was observed.
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Ahmed, Imtiaz, and Ali Beskok. "Numerical Simulation of Gas Flows in Micro-Filters." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/mems-23873.

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Abstract Gas flows through micro-filters are simulated in the continuum and slip flow regimes as a function of the Knudsen, Reynolds and Mach numbers. The numerical simulations are based on the spectral element formulation of compressible Navier-Stokes equations, which utilize previously developed high-order velocity slip and temperature jump boundary conditions. Both slip and no-slip simulations are used to identify the rarefaction effects. The simulation results show skin friction and form-drag reduction with increased Knudsen number. Pressure drops across the filters are compared against several empirical scaling laws, available in the literature. Compressibility becomes important for high-speed flows, creating large density fluctuations across the micro-filter elements. For high Mach number flows, interactions between thermal and kinetic energies of the fluid are observed. It is also shown that viscous heating plays a significant role for highspeed gas flows, impacting heat transfer characteristics of micro-filters.
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White, Lloyd R. "Ceramic Filters for Use at High Temperature." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-188.

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A new hot gas filter for removal of particulates upstream of gas turbines is described and compared with a device called a candle. Candle filters are made in the shape of a large test tube from ceramic materials bonded with a glassy phase. The filtering membrane is fairly thick making candles relatively heavy. A thinner filter would be easier to support, more tolerant of thermal shock, and would offer less resistance to flow. A filter of a ceramic/ceramic composite may achieve these goals and specimens are being fabricated by depositing a ceramic material on a ceramic fiber preform by chemical vapor infiltration. The ceramic matrix is silicon carbide and the ceramic fiber reinforcement is alumina-boria-silica. Progress toward filter development is described.
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Vaubert, Virginie, David P. Stinton, Chris Barra, and Santosh Limaye. "Design and Initial Development of Monolithic Cross-Flow Ceramic Hot-Gas Filters." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-320.

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Advanced, coal-fueled, power generation systems utilizing pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technologies are currently being developed for high-efficiency, low emissions, and low-cost power generation. In spite of the advantages of these promising technologies, the severe operating environment often leads to material degradation and loss of performance in the barrier filters used for particle entrapment. To address this problem, LoTEC Inc., and Oak Ridge National Laboratory are jointly designing and developing a monolithic cross-flow ceramic hot-gas filter. The filter concept involves a truly monolithic cross-flow design that is resistant to delamination, can be easily fabricated, and offers flexibility of geometry and material make-up. During Phase I of the program, a thermo-mechanical analysis was performed to determine how a cross-flow filter would respond both thermally and mechanically to a series of thermal and mechanical loads. The cross-flow filter mold was designed accordingly, and the materials selection was narrowed down to Ca0.5Sr0.5Zr4P6O24 (CS-50) and 2Al2O3−3SiO2 (mullite). A fabrication process was developed using gelcasting technology and monolithic cross-flow filters were fabricated. The program focuses on obtaining optimum filter permeability and testing the corrosion resistance of the candidate materials.
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Reports on the topic "Gas filters"

1

Tortorelli, P. F., I. G. Wright, and R. R. Judkins. Development of iron-aluminide hot-gas filters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/450768.

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Judkins, R. R., D. P. Stinton, R. G. Smith, E. M. Fischer, J. H. Eaton, B. L. Weaver, J. L. Kahnke, and D. J. Pysher. Development of ceramic composite hot-gas filters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/52754.

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Hawley and Thorson. PR-015-15603-R02 Effect of Upstream Piping Components on Ultrasonic Flow Meter Accuracy. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010915.

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This project investigated the velocity profile downstream from three commercially available dry gas filters and the effect of this profile on an ultrasonic meter installed in an AGA 9 default configuration. The inlet profile and condition of the filter element were varied to determine the sensitivity on the profile exiting the filter.
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Hawley and Thorson. PR-015-15603-R01 Effect of Upstream Piping Components on Ultrasonic Flow Meter Accuracy - Unblinded. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010875.

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This project investigated the velocity profile downstream from three commercially available dry gas filters and the effect of this profile on an ultrasonic meter installed in an AGA 9 default configuration. The inlet profile and condition of the filter element were varied to determine the sensitivity on the profile exiting the filter.
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Singh, J. P., S. Majumdar, M. Sutaria, and W. Bielke. Fracture behavior of advanced ceramic hot-gas filters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/237337.

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Chambers, J. A., J. E. Garnier, and T. J. McMahon. Development and Testing of PRD-66 Hot Gas Filters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/419377.

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Goldsmith, R. L. Ceramic filters for removal of particulates from hot gas streams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10106511.

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Singh, J. P., S. Majumdar, M. Sutaria, and W. Bielke. Fracture behavior of advanced ceramic hot gas filters: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/491572.

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Faber, K. T. Strength testing of hot gas filters: Volume 6. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/656597.

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White, L. R. Fabrication of commercial-scale fiber-reinforced hot-gas filters by chemical vapor deposition. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10139196.

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