Academic literature on the topic 'Gas-dynamic characteristics of a metal hose'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gas-dynamic characteristics of a metal hose"
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Zhao, Lian Hua, Bao Ling Xie, and Li Hua Fan. "CR/EPDM Blends with Steel Friction and Wear Characteristics under Dry Sliding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.291.
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CR is often used to make the foreskin material transport belts, wires, cables, and the manufacture of oil hose, gaskets, equipment and chemical resistant bushing. EPDM is often used to produce heat-resistant conveyor belts, cables, wires, anti-corrosion lining, gaskets, waterproof sheet, door and window seals, etc. The same hardness and different proportions of CR/EPDM blends with steel under dry friction pair as the research object to seek friction characteristics of different formulations of rubber with steel metal in the dynamic coordination. Friction test at a constant low load, constant temperature, the different mixing ratio of CR/EPDM blends, friction, wear, friction coefficient variation with engine speed. The test results to a reasonable choice of conveyor belts to improve the overall efficiency and life of rubber - metal friction pairs.
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Саврико, А. В., С. Н. Лымич, К. В. Кружаев, В. С. Левин, and А. В. Москвичев. "INFLUENCE OF GAS-DYNAMIC TESTING RIG PIPELINES MATERIAL ON THEIR DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, no. 5 (November 19, 2021): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.15.5.017.
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Приведено исследование зависимости газодинамических характеристик стенда от применяемого материала трубопровода. Oсновополагающими факторами, влияющими на работоспособность стенда, являются выходные параметры - давление и расход рабочего тела, которые напрямую зависят от потерь давления на трение, создаваемого элементами стенда. Для оценки степени влияния материалов на потери стенда выбраны два вида труб: полипропиленовые и металлические. Аналитические расчёты потери давления рассматриваемых трубопроводов из различного материала показали, что трубопроводы из полипропилена предпочтительнее. Однако при проведении эксперимента получены противоположные данные, которые показали, что в полипропиленовых магистралях возможно присутствие значительного количества диафрагм: в местах пайки труб, образовавшихся в процессе изготовления. Именно этот факт способствует существенному повышению значений сопротивлений в полипропиленовых трубопроводах на 20 % по сравнению со стальными трубами, где диафрагмы отсутствуют. В результате проведения исследования был введен коэффициент, учитывающий влияние диафрагм полипропиленового трубопровода при аналитическом расчете на сопротивление. Для сохранения более точных снимаемых значений с газодинамических стендов целесообразнее использовать трубопроводы из металла, в которых рассчитать потери возможно с отклонениями до 3 % Here we give the study of the dependence of the gas-dynamic characteristics of the stand on the pipeline material used. The fundamental factors affecting the performance of the stand are the output parameters-the pressure and flow rate of the working fluid, which directly depend on the friction pressure losses created by the elements of the stand. To assess the degree of influence of materials on the losses of the stand, we selected two types of pipes: polypropylene and metal. Analytical calculations of the pressure loss of the considered pipelines made of various materials have shown that pipelines made of polypropylene are preferable. However, during the experiment, we obtained the opposite data, which showed that a significant number of diaphragms may be present in polypropylene pipelines: in the places of soldering of pipes formed during the manufacturing process. This fact contributes to a significant increase in the resistance values in polypropylene pipelines by 20 % compared to steel pipes, where there are no diaphragms. As a result of the study, we introduced a coefficient that takes into account the influence of polypropylene pipeline diaphragms in the analytical calculation of resistance. To preserve more accurate values taken from gas-dynamic stands, it is more expedient to use metal pipelines in which it is possible to calculate losses with deviations of up to 3 %
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Xu, Xing Xin, Xiao Hui Zhang, Chuan Shao Liu, and Bo Zhao. "Drilling Characteristics of SiC Particle Reinforced Aluminum-Matrix Composites with Ultrasonic Vibration." Key Engineering Materials 455 (December 2010): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.455.302.
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With the rapid development of aviation at home, particle reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMMCs) has been widely applied recently. But at the same time, the difficult machining has gradually been one of the most outstanding bottle-necks that restrict the rapid enhancement of productivity. Here, in virtue of the self-developed ultrasonic drilling equipment, hole-making experiments of common and ultrasonic vibration drilling are performed on SiC particle reinforced aluminum-matrix composites （SiCp/Al）with different content of SiC by using two types of tungsten carbide drill. Drilling characteristics of machining composites with ultrasonic vibration are analyzed from such respects as the composites crush, drilling force, drill wear and hole surface quality. Studies show that, during the ultrasonic vibration drilling process, SiC particle in the composites is prone to break along the crystal connection boundary or suffer ductile fracture under the dynamic ultrasonic impulse, in which the cutting resistance could be reduced and the tool edge could be protected. Thereby, drilling locating precision and hole surface quality could be enhanced, wear of the drill chisel edge effectively improved, and the drilling torque reduced about 30%.
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Wieckowski, Andrzej, and Matthew Neurock. "Contrast and Synergy between Electrocatalysis and Heterogeneous Catalysis." Advances in Physical Chemistry 2011 (November 24, 2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/907129.
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The advances in spectroscopy and theory that have occurred over the past two decades begin to provide detailed in situ resolution of the molecular transformations that occur at both gas/metal as well as aqueous/metal interfaces. These advances begin to allow for a more direct comparison of heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis. Such comparisons become important, as many of the current energy conversion strategies involve catalytic and electrocatalytic processes that occur at fluid/solid interfaces and display very similar characteristics. Herein, we compare and contrast a few different catalytic and electrocatalytic systems to elucidate the principles that cross-cut both areas and establish characteristic differences between the two with the hope of advancing both areas.
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Han, Tae-Hee, So-Young Bak, Sangwoo Kim, Se Hyeong Lee, Ye-Ji Han, and Moonsuk Yi. "Decoration of CuO NWs Gas Sensor with ZnO NPs for Improving NO2 Sensing Characteristics." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 2103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062103.
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This paper introduces a method for improving the sensitivity to NO2 gas of a p-type metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor. The gas sensor was fabricated using CuO nanowires (NWs) grown through thermal oxidation and decorated with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using a sol-gel method. The CuO gas sensor with a ZnO heterojunction exhibited better sensitivity to NO2 gas than the pristine CuO gas sensor. The heterojunction in CuO/ZnO gas sensors caused a decrease in the width of the hole accumulation layer (HAL) and an increase in the initial resistance. The possibility to influence the width of the HAL helped improve the NO2 sensing characteristics of the gas sensor. The growth morphology, atomic composition, and crystal structure of the gas sensors were analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, respectively.
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Bykov, I. Yu, I. N. Birillo, and P. A. Kuzbozhev. "STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GAS-DISTRIBUTING STATION PIPES METAL AFTER LONG-TERM OPERATION." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2015-2-86-91.
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During operation the technological pipelines of gas-distributing station are affected by mechanical static loading resulted from internal pressure of gas in the high pressure pipelines and a dynamic loading from a high-speed stream of gas in low pressure pipelines. A comparison is made of characteristics of mechanical properties of gas-distributing station pipes metal after a long-term operation for the conditions of static and dynamic loading effects.
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Camporeale, S. M., B. Fortunato, and A. Dumas. "Dynamic modelling of recuperative gas turbines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 214, no. 3 (May 1, 2000): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650001538317.
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This paper describes the mathematical model and the computational procedure adopted for the development of a modularly structured computer code able to simulate the dynamic behaviour of recuperative gas turbine power plants. For accurate simulation of the turbine components, the model includes a stage-by-stage procedure for the air-cooled turbine based on the blade geometry and the characteristics of the cooling system. The counter-flow surface heat exchanger, assumed as recuperator, is described by a set of partial differential equations, giving à One-dimensional description of the temperature for air, hot gas and metal. A single-shaft recuperated cycle gas turbine, provided with compressor variable inlet guide vanes, is analysed. The transient cases caused by a step variation in the fuel flow and compressor guide vanes geometry are simulated and a linearized model is obtained, in order to identify the dynamic behaviour of the gas turbine and to design a multivariable controller. Finally, the transient case of a controlled turbine after a sudden variation in the electric load is simulated.
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Amaechi, Chiemela Victor, Facheng Wang, and Jianqiao Ye. "Investigation on Hydrodynamic Characteristics, Wave–Current Interaction and Sensitivity Analysis of Submarine Hoses Attached to a CALM Buoy." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010120.
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There is an increase in the utilization of the floating offshore structure (FOS) called Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM) buoys and the attached marine hoses due to the increasing demand for oil and gas products. These hoses are flexible and easier to use but have a short service life of about 25 years. They are adaptable in ocean locations of shallow, intermediate and deep waters. In this research, a numerical model was developed using a coupling method modeled by utilizing ANSYS AQWA and Orcaflex (Orcina Ltd., Ulverston, UK) dynamic models of the CALM buoy hoses. Two cases were comparatively studied: Lazy-S and Chinese-lantern configurations, under ocean waves and current. Comparisons were also made between coupled and uncoupled models. This research presents the hydrodynamic characteristics with a sensitivity analysis on the influence of waves, current attack angle, soil gradient, soil stiffness and environmental conditions that influence the performance of marine hoses. The study comparatively looked at the configurations from dynamic amplification factors (DAF) on marine hoses. The results show that marine hoses can be easily configured to suit the designer’s need, seabed soil type, seabed topography and the profiles that are useful for manufacturers. The sensitivity analysis also shows the effect of hose parameters on its hydrodynamic behavior from the wave–current interaction (WCI).
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Ponomarev, Alexey, Sergey Plakhov, Andrew Aksenov, and Andrey Popov. "Effect of gas-dynamic spraying parameters on the characteristics of coatings for steel shaft." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032902012.
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In this article, the effect of the powder composition and energy parameters of the gas-dynamic deposition mode on the hardness of coatings of low-carbon steel samples was studied. Technological recommendations for preliminary preparation of the base metal of shafts before gas-dynamic spraying of thin layers in order to increase the strength of their adhesion are proposed.
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Valsalal, P., S. Usa, and K. Udayakumar. "Response of metal oxide arrester in gas-insulated substation and methods to improve its dynamic characteristics." IET Science, Measurement & Technology 6, no. 4 (2012): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2011.0051.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Gas-dynamic characteristics of a metal hose"
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Шевченко, Сергій Андрійович. "Удосконалення пневмосистеми запуску ракетних двигунів шляхом стабілізації тиску робочого тіла та поліпшення її динамічних характеристик." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/29030.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук зі спеціальності 05.05.17 – гідравлічні машини та гідропневмоагрегати. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут". – Харків, 2017.
Дисертація присвячена дослідженню вдосконаленої пневмосистеми багаторазового запуску маршового рідинного ракетного двигуна верхнього ступеня ракети-носія. Система запуску, яка містить частину пневмоблока двигуна, здійснює розкручування турбонасосного агрегату за рахунок подачі стисненого гелію на його турбіну. Особливістю системи є використання регулятора тиску гелію із пневмокеруванням. Розроблений й реалізований у практиці проектування новий комплекс дискретно-континуальних математичних моделей для газодинамічного розрахунку цієї пневмосистеми, а також аналізу сил тертя й витоків газу у фторопластових манжетних ущільненнях регуляторів. Запропоновано новий розрахунковий метод дослідження пневмосистеми, що проектується, на динамічну стійкість. Досліджені газодинамічні характеристики металлорукава. Розроблено нову концепцію й впроваджено конструкцію лабораторного стенда, що дозволяє економити гелій при доводочних випробуваннях системи. Виконано розрахунково-експериментальне дослідження пневмосистеми, а його рекомендації зі зміни параметрів регулятора, що знижують коливальність і поліпшують інші динамічні характеристики, впроваджені на двигуні.The thesis for the scientific degree of the Candidate of Technical Sciences by specialty 05.05.17 – hydraulic machines and hydropneumatic units. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2017. The dissertation describes research of perfected pneumatic starting system of a main restartable liquid-propellant rocket engine destined for a launch vehicle upper stage. The starting system, which structure includes a part of the engine pneumatic unit, performs turbopump spin-up by supplying compressed helium to its turbine. A feature of the system is application of a pneumatically controlled helium pressure regulator. New complex of discrete-continual mathematical models is developed and implemented in the designing practice for the gas-dynamic analysis of this pneumatic system and analysis of friction forces and gas leaks through fluoroplastic lip-type seals of regulators. New computational method is proposed for the developed system’s dynamic stability research. The gas-dynamic characteristics of a metal hose are researched. New concept of the laboratory stand is developed and implemented to enable helium saving at development tests. Experimental-computational research of the pneumatic system is performed, recommendations of which are introduced into the engine in relation to the regulator parameters reducing oscillations and improving other dynamic characteristics.
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Шевченко, Сергей Андреевич. "Усовершенствование пневмосистемы запуска ракетных двигателей путём стабилизации давления рабочего тела и улучшения её динамических характеристик." Thesis, Государственное предприятие "Конструкторское бюро "Южное" им. М. К. Янгеля", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/29036.
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Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.05.17 – гидравлические машины и гидропневмоагрегаты. – Национальный технический университет "Харьковский политехнический институт". – Харьков, 2017.
Диссертация посвящена исследованию усовершенствованной пневмосистемы многократного запуска маршевого жидкостного ракетного двигателя верхней ступени ракеты-носителя с насосной подачей компонентов топлива в камеру сгорания. Система запуска, в состав которой входит часть пневмоблока двигателя, осуществляет раскрутку турбонасосного агрегата за счет подачи сжатого гелия из шаробаллона на турбину. Особенностью системы является использование регулятора давления гелия с пневмоуправлением. Исследованная система обеспечивает пять включений двигателя РД861К при идентичных импульсах давления подачи газа, имеющих прямоугольную вершину и предельно крутые фронты. Разработан и использован в практике проектирования новый комплекс дискретно-континуальных математических моделей для газодинамического расчета этой пневмосистемы, а также анализа сил трения и утечек газа во фторопластовых манжетных уплотнениях регуляторов. В моделях учтены новые эффекты: теплообмен газа со стенками полостей и трубопроводов; инерционность газа при его выпуске из баллона; фактор сжимаемости гелия; нагрев гелия при дросселировании; проникновение уплотняемого давления в зазор между манжетой и стенкой, и ряд других. После чего отклонение расчетных значений давления газа от результатов огневых испытаний составило менее 1% Создана и реализована расчетная методика исследования пневмосистемы на динамическую устойчивость и автоколебания. В методике использованы уточненные результаты гармонической линеаризации для колебаний расхода газа через дроссель и силы трения в манжете, а также новый метод расчета импеданса разветвленной системы трубопроводов. Выведено трансцендентное уравнение для частот и амплитуд свободных нелинейных колебаний системы и предложены методы его решения. Точность определения частот автоколебаний составила 2%. Получены аналитические соотношения для параметров пневмосистемы, обеспечивающие динамическую устойчивость или автоколебания малой амплитуды. Исследованы газодинамические характеристики металлорукава, используемого в дренажной системе лабораторного стенда для исследования и настройки системы. Разработана новая концепция и внедрена конструкция стенда, позволяющая экономить гелий при доводочных испытаниях системы. Выполнено расчетно-экспериментальное исследование системы, а его рекомендации по изменению параметров регулятора, снижающие колебательность и улучшающие другие динамические характеристики, внедрены на двигателе.The thesis for the scientific degree of the Candidate of Technical Sciences by specialty 05.05.17 – hydraulic machines and hydropneumatic units. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2017. The dissertation describes research of perfected pneumatic starting system of a main restartable liquid-propellant rocket engine destined for a launch vehicle upper stage. The starting system, which structure includes a part of the engine pneumatic unit, performs turbopump spin-up by supplying compressed helium to its turbine. A feature of the system is application of a pneumatically controlled helium pressure regulator. New complex of discrete-continual mathematical models is developed and implemented in the designing practice for the gas-dynamic analysis of this pneumatic system and analysis of friction forces and gas leaks through fluoroplastic lip-type seals of regulators. New computational method is proposed for the developed system’s dynamic stability research. The gas-dynamic characteristics of a metal hose are researched. New concept of the laboratory stand is developed and implemented to enable helium saving at development tests. Experimental-computational research of the pneumatic system is performed, recommendations of which are introduced into the engine in relation to the regulator parameters reducing oscillations and improving other dynamic characteristics.
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Chirathadam, Thomas. "Metal Mesh Foil Bearings: Prediction and Measurement for Static and Dynamic Performance Characteristics." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148301.
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Gas bearings in oil-free micro-turbomachinery for process gas applications and for power generation (< 400 kW) must offer adequate load capacity and thermal stability, reliable rotordynamic performance at high speeds and temperatures, low power losses and minimal maintenance costs. The metal mesh foil bearing (MMFB) is a promising foil bearing technology offering inexpensive manufacturing cost, large inherent material energy dissipation mechanism, and custom-tailored stiffness and damping properties. This dissertation presents predictions and measurements of the dynamic forced performance of various high speed and high temperature MMFBs.
MMFB forced performance depends mainly on its elastic support structure, consisting of arcuate metal mesh pads and a smooth top foil. The analysis models the top foil as a 2D finite element (FE) shell supported uniformly by a metal mesh under-layer. The solution of the structural FE model coupled with a gas film model, governed by the Reynolds equation, delivers the pressure distribution over the top foil and thus the load reaction. A perturbation analysis further renders the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients for the bearing. The static and dynamic performance predictions are validated against limited published experimental data.
A one-to-one comparison of the static and dynamic forced performance characteristics of a MMFB against a Generation I bump foil bearing (BFB) of similar size, with a slenderness ratio L/D=1.04, showcases the comparative performance of MMFB against a commercially available gas foil bearing design. The measurements of rotor lift-off speed and drag friction at start-up and airborne conditions are conducted for rotor speeds up to 70 krpm and under identical specific loads (W/LD =0.06 to 0.26 bar). The dynamic force coefficients of the bearings are estimated, in a ‘floating bearing’ type test rig, while floating atop a journal spinning to speeds as high as 50 krpm and with controlled static loads (22 N) applied in the vertical direction. The parameter identification is conducted in the frequency range of 200-400 Hz first, and then up to 600 Hz using higher load capacity shakers.
A finite element rotordynamic program (XLTRC2) models a hollow rotor and two MMFBs supporting it and predict the synchronous rotor response for known imbalances. The predictions agree well with the ambient temperature rotor response measurements. Extensive rotor response measurements and rotor and bearing temperature measurements, with a coil heater warming up to 200 ºC and placed inside the hollow rotor, reveal the importance of adequate thermal management.
The database of high speed high temperature performance measurements and the development of a predictive tool will aid in the design and deployment of MMFBs in commercial high-speed turbomachinery. The work presented in the dissertation is a cornerstone for future analytical developments and further testing of practical MMFBs.
Conference papers on the topic "Gas-dynamic characteristics of a metal hose"
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Kurtz, Anthony D., Boaz Kochman, and Alex A. Ned. "Harsh Environment Pressure Transducers Employing Metal Diaphragms and Silicon on Insulator Sensing Networks for Gas Turbine Application." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51302.
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It has long been necessary in many applications to measure pressure in extremely harsh environments at elevated temperatures. Examples of such applications include: gas turbine engines (both ground-based and for aircraft), automotive combustion, and down-hole applications for gas and oil industry. This paper reports on the latest developments of metal diaphragm transducers with Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) piezoresistive sensor networks for ultra extreme environments. The design of the latest Inconel-diaphragm miniature, dynamic pressure transducers capable of operating reliably under extreme environmental conditions (temperatures up to 500°C and accelerations greater than 200g) — is described in detail. The performance of such metal diaphragm pressure transducers is presented and indicates that ruggedized, piezoresistive transducers with excellent static and dynamic performance characteristics are capable of operation in extremely harsh, high temperature gas turbine environments.
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San Andrés, Luis, and Thomas Abraham Chirathadam. "Performance Characteristics of Metal Mesh Foil Bearings: Predictions vs. Measurements." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95975.
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Proven low-cost gas bearing technologies are sought to enable more compact rotating machinery products with extended maintenance intervals. The paper presents an analysis for predicting the static and dynamic forced performance characteristics of metal mesh foil bearings (MMFBs) which comprise of a top foil supported on a layer of metal mesh of certain compactness. The analysis couples a finite element model of the top foil and underspring support with the gas film Reynolds equation. Comparison of predictions against laboratory measurements with two bearings aims to validate the analysis. The predicted drag friction factor in one bearing (L = D = 28.00 mm) during full film operation is just f ∼ 0.03 at ∼ 50 krpm, agreeing well with measurements at increasing applied loads. The predictions further elucidate the effect of the applied load and rotor speed on the bearing minimum film thickness, journal eccentricity and attitude angle. For a second bearing (L = 38.0 mm, D = 36.5 mm), predicted bearing force coefficients show magnitudes comparable with the measurements, with less than 20% difference, in the 250–350 Hz excitation frequency range. While the predicted direct stiffness coefficients are rather constant, the experimental force coefficients increase with frequency (max. 400 Hz), due mainly to the increasing amplitudes of dynamic force applied to excite the bearing with a set amplitude of motion. The analysis under predicts the direct damping coefficients at high frequencies (>300 Hz). The cross-coupled stiffness and damping coefficients are typically lower (< 40%) than the direct ones. The bearings operated stable at all speeds without any sub synchronous whirl. The reasonable agreement of the predictions with the available test data promote the better design and further development of MMFB supported rotating machinery.
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Xing, Hai-Yan, Min Qiang Yu, and Xue Feng Li. "MMM Stress Evaluation and Fracture Analysis for Steam Turbine Failure Blade." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80768.
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Metal magnetic memory (MMM) technology, a new NDE method, has been applied to stress evaluation and fracture analysis for the 50MW turbine failure blade. The static and dynamic stress of failure blade is calculated and analyzed. The rupture blade of steam turbine is detected at workshop. Given are the MMM signal characteristics of stress distribution for the failure blade and fracture face. It has been found: for the blade profile, the MMM air-out side curve occurs more zero passage signals than air-in side one; for the fracture surface, the crack transition zone’s MMM variation amplitude is minimal, the crack initiation zone’s is in the middle, and the tear fracture zone’s is maximal. The result from small hole stress measuring method is consistent with MMM result. This shows MMM technology is a new tool of fracture analysis and stress testing in engineering practice.
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Shahi, Shashi K., and G. Gary Wang. "Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Selection for Optimum Economic and Environmental Benefits Using Pareto Set Points and PSAT™." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28972.
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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have the potential to reduce green house gases emissions and provide a promising alternative to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. However, PHEVs have not been widely adopted in comparison to the conventional vehicles due to their high costs and short charging intervals. Since PHEVs rely on large storage batteries relative to the conventional vehicles, the characteristics and design issues associated with PHEV batteries play an important role in the potential adoption of PHEVs. Consumer acceptance and adoption of PHEVs mainly depends on fuel economy, operating cost, operation green house gas (GHG) emissions, power and performance, and safety among other characteristics. We compare the operational performance of PHEV20 (PHEV version sized for 20 miles of all electric range) based on fuel economy, operating cost, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through Pareto set point identification approach for 15 different types of batteries, including lithium-ion, nickel metal hydride (NiMH), nickel zinc (NiZn), and lead acid batteries. It is found that two from 15 batteries dominate the rest. Among the two, a NiMH (type ess_nimh_90_72_ovonic) gives the highest fuel economy, and a lithium-ion (type ess_li_7_303) yields the lowest operating cost and GHG emissions. From comparing nine batteries that are either on or close to the Pareto frontier, one can see that lithium-ion and NiMH batteries offer better fuel economy than lead-acid batteries. Though lithium-ion batteries bear clear advantage on operating costs and GHG emissions, NiMH and lead-acid batteries show similar performances from these two aspects.
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Xiong, Maoxian, Junfeng Xie, Hongtao Liu, Jingcheng Zhang, Weilong Liu, Kaiyin Hu, Jianping Zhou, et al. "Development and Application of 140 MPa Mandrel Casing Head in Ultra-High Pressure Gas Well." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21362-ms.
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Abstract In view of the high shut in pressure of gas wells in Kuqa mountain front ultra-high pressure block where the highest shut in pressure of KeS X is 115MPa, the 105MPa casing head currently used can not meet the shut in demanding, so the risk of well control is high. A new 140MPa mandrel casing head was developed. Its sealing structure adopts the form of X Metal sealing at the upper end and rubber seal at the lower end, which has the characteristics of high pressure bearing and reliable sealing performance. The structural design verification of the 140 MPa mandrel casing head was conducted by finite element analysis(FEA) of the structural strength and sealing performance of the key components of the casing head, including casing head body and hanger. Then indoor evaluation tests were carried out on the material, strength and sealing performance of the casing head and hanger, as well as the overall structure, and the 140MPa mandrel casing is completed Finally, the quality control level of 140MPa mandrel casing head product has reached the requirements of ultra-high pressure field working condition through field trial in ultra-high pressure gas well, and it has the conditions for promotion and application in other ultra-high pressure gas wells. The results of and FEA show that the maximum bearing capacity of the mandrel type casing head is 793t, and no yielding occurs under the conditions of bearing capacity of 473t, external pressure of 140MPa and safety factor of 1.35; the maximum internal pressure resistance of the hanger is 212MPa, and no yielding occurs under the conditions of bearing capacity of 200t, internal pressure of 140MPa and safety factor of 1.35. The indoor evaluation test shows that: ① there is no sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) in the casing head body (0Cr18Ni9) and hanger (718); ② there is no leakage in the casing head body under 210MPa clean water and hanger under 140MPa nitrogen; ③ there is no yield in the casing head step and hanger under 673t pressure in the mandrel type casing head. The field test shows that the test pressure of the mandrel type casing head is 117MPa and it is qualified under 280t setting and hanging tonnage. At present, the 140 MPa mandrel casing head has been successfully used in Kuqa mountain for 15 wells, which provides a reliable guarantee for the safety production of ultra-high pressure gas wells. The 140MPa mandrel casing head developed in this paper has the following three innovations: ① adopt the structure without top wire, fix the wear-resistant sleeve by installing the top wire flange during drilling, and avoid the leakage caused by the top wire hole in the later production; ② adopt the form of upper metal seal + lower X-type rubber seal in the sealing structure of hanger, which can not only avoid the metal seal of hanger during the lowering process The seal assembly is damaged and fails, and in case of unqualified pressure test, the metal seal assembly at the upper end of the hanger can be replaced; ③ a limited step is designed at the contact part between the metal seal assembly at the upper end of the mandrel hanger and the casing head body, which can transfer the excess pressure to the casing head body, so as to avoid the failure of the rubber seal and bearing step at the lower part of the hanger.
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Dzhurinskiy, D., S. Dautov, P. Shornikov, and I. Sh Akhatov. "Strain Gradient Plasticity Modeling to Evaluate Material Plastic Deformation Behavior During Cold Gas Dynamic Spray Process." In ITSC2021, edited by F. Azarmi, X. Chen, J. Cizek, C. Cojocaru, B. Jodoin, H. Koivuluoto, Y. C. Lau, et al. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0256.
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Abstract Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is the main feature of the Cold Spray (CS) process; which might result in producing metal grain refinement under extensive hydrostatic pressure and high strain rate loading conditions. In this study; an anisotropic strain gradient plasticity model (SGP) is presented to predict materials behavior in CS process. The enhanced dislocation densities produced throughout particle deformation affect coating material properties and modify their thermodynamic characteristics and kinetic of resistance to plastic deformations. This study also demonstrates that the SGP model can describe the experimentally observed trends and account for homogenization of the accumulated strains under dynamic recrystallization conditions. The evolution of statistically stored dislocation density through the characteristic material length scale parameter is in good agreement with experimental results and data reported by other research groups. The proposed SGP modeling is suggested as an express method to evaluate the advanced coating and additively manufactured materials; and powder feedstock used in thermal spray and 3D manufacturing applications.
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Ya, Wu, Ke Shiqiu, Yang Shuzi, Zhang Qilin, Xu Shanxiang, and Wen Yaozu. "An Experimental Study of Cutting Noise Dynamics." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0308.
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Abstract Up to now little has been reported on the cutting noise in metal-cutting machine tools at home and abroad. Based on the research results available, tests on the cutting noise have been performed on three power lathes and a type Mx-4 crankshaft connecting rod neck lathe. The cutter material is hard alloy YT6x, workpiece material is nodular cast iron QT60-2, the cutting mode is broadedge plunge type turning. The influences of the cutter form, cutter angle, cutting speed, and feed on the cutting noise have been investigated using the test results. It is pointed out that the machine tool dynamic characteristics are one of the primary factors that influence the cutting noise, that there is a correlation between the cutting noise and cutting force and that the main spectral peak frequency of the cutting noise is close to the first-order modal frequency of the workpiece system. The importance of the two new discoveries lies in that a breach has been found for investigations on cutting noise dynamics.
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Jayatunga, Charith, Qin Qin, Victoria Sanderson, Phil Rubini, Danning You, and Werner Krebs. "Absorption of Normal-Incidence Acoustic Waves by Double Perforated Liners of Industrial Gas Turbine Combustors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68842.
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Perforated liners consist of sheet metal perforated with multiple holes with diameters of magnitude in the order of millimeters and regular spacing, backed by an air cavity in front of a rigid wall. This type of liner is very effective at absorbing sound and is used in many applications. At the resonance frequency, the liner shifts the phase of the incident wave by 180° thus providing damping through wave cancellation. The perforations in the liner convert acoustic energy into flow energy through vortex shedding at the rims of the liner apertures. Applied to gas turbine combustors they can attenuate thermoacoustic instabilities and as such significantly improve the reliability of the gas turbine with an additional benefit to the emissions. The Siemens SGT-100 to 400 engines exploit this technology in their DLE combustion system in a configuration of two concentric liners separated by an air cavity with the rear liner acting as the rigid wall in the conventional setting. In this paper the evaluation of double perforated liners in the absorption of normal-incident plane acoustic waves in an impedance tube and in a gas turbine combustor environment is investigated. A one-dimensional impedance model that embodies the electro-acoustic analogy was used to predict the absorption characteristics of the double perforated liner. The model was validated by comparing the predictions with experimental data obtained from the impedance tube, with excellent agreement. With the confidence in the equations of the model in predicting the acoustic behavior, the model was then applied to predict the damping performance under realistic gas turbine combustor operating conditions. The prediction also shows two distinct peaks in the absorption characteristics of a double-liner. Geometric parameters such as hole diameters & thicknesses of the two liners, gap between the liners and the overall pressure drop across the liners have been considered for the predictions. A parametric study of these parameters carried out using the ISIGHT software with design investigation tools identified the order of importance of the parameters considered for sound absorption. The work reported in this paper has successfully validated an impedance model in the prediction of double perforated liners in the absorption of normal-incident plane acoustic waves. Based on the parametric study carried out design guidelines are given for designing a double perforated liner for maximum absorption of normal incident acoustic waves.
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Parmar, Chandrahas, Christopher Gill, Benjamin Pellereau, and Paul Hurrell. "Simulation of a Multi-Pass Dissimilar Metal Nozzle to Pipe Weld Using Abaqus 2D Weld GUI and Comparison With Measurements." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63957.
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The computer simulation of multiple layering of welds is necessary to determine the distortion and residual stresses arising from the welding process. The welding simulation requires thermal and structural solutions, which are usually carried out in two simulations. Once solved, the thermal transient model temperature results are read in to the structural model to solve for component stresses. This paper describes the application of the Abaqus Weld Interface (AWI) plug-in for 2D axisymmetric simulation of the residual stresses generated in a Dissimilar Metal Weld (DMW) nozzle to pipe joint comprising of an Alloy 600 nozzle girth weld to a 316 LN Stainless Steel (SS) safe-end pipe. The test piece was manufactured for an ongoing programme within Rolls-Royce PLC. A mechanised Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process was employed depositing 83 weld bead passes. The weld filler material was Alloy 82. The AWI Graphical User Interface (GUI) simplifies and saves a large amount of time towards generating the Finite Element Models (FEMs). By using the AWI plug-in within Abaqus/CAE, the FEMs take approximately a month to generate and solve with significant time savings associated with setting up the surfaces for the welding bead sequences and matching the heat input to the actual specimen. The GUI rapidly creates both the thermal and structural input files for the Abaqus/Standard solver. However, modifications were made to the thermal and structural FEM model input files to suit the analysis pre-processing requirements for idealised conditions to match the test piece pipework conditions. FEM predictions captured the characteristic through-wall Weld Residual Stress (WRS) profiles measured by Deep Hole Drilling (DHD). The weld shrinkage was under estimated.
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Javay, Alexandre, Ahmed ElBatran, Sunil Sharma, Nata M. Franco, Mauricio Corona, and Ahmed A. Alismail. "Use of Mixed-Metal Oxide Water-Based Drilling Fluid System Increased Drilling Performance and Eliminated Mud Losses." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21961-ms.
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Abstract In a deep gas drilling project, the 22-in section across shallow fractured carbonates is drilled using an unweighted clay-water system incorporating up to 50-lbm/bbl bentonite. The main challenges comprise lost circulation, tight hole, and low penetration rates due to high clay content and lack of inhibition, resulting in geological complications and affecting the well delivery time. To seal off the large fractures in the lower-cretaceous limestones, the new drilling fluid was engineered with high thixotropic characteristics presenting a flat, shear-thinning rheological profile with low plastic viscosity, high yield point and flat gel strengths. The selection of candidate wells was supported by offset wells analysis considering drilling performance, penetration rate and footage achieved, and the likelihood of encountering losses. Fine-tuning of the fluid rheology was performed to effectively account for the probability of losses on each well and a fit-for-purpose drilling fluid formulation was designed. This innovative technology combining mixed-metal oxide with premium bentonite was run in a series of wells as a substitute to the previously used system. Due to its superior viscosity at low shear rates the fluid successfully prevented losses by gelling up in the interstices of the highly fractured limestone intervals. In addition, the fluid delivered higher drilling performance across the abrasive sandstone-clay intercalations and the hard carbonates toward the bottom of the section. By maintaining full circulation all way through and therefore avoiding the expenses associated with blind drilling and pumping mud cap, the initiative resulted in considerably lowering the fluid cost in this section. Significant operation time savings were also achieved by drilling the section faster to the intended casing point in a minimum number of runs. Enhanced wellbore condition that allowed the drill string to trip out on elevators instead of back-reaming also contributed to saving rig time. The casing could be run to bottom and cemented trouble free in one stage with cement returns to surface thus precluding the cost of stage collar tool in most of the wells. This paper unveils the facets of this versatile water-base fluid that was introduced as a solution to prevent losses and address poor drilling performance.