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Journal articles on the topic 'Gas discharge systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Götz, Thomas, Hannah Kirchner, and Karsten Backhaus. "Partial Discharge Behaviour of a Protrusion in Gas-Insulated Systems under DC Voltage Stress." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123102.

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High reliability, independence from environmental conditions, and the compact design of gas-insulated systems will lead to a wide application in future high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Reliable operation of these assets can be ensured by applying meaningful and robust partial discharge diagnosis during development tests, acceptance tests, or operation. Therefore, the discharge behavior must be well understood. This paper aims to contribute to this understanding by investigating the partial discharge behavior of a distorted weakly inhomogeneous electrode arrangement in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and synthetic air under high DC voltage stress. In order to get a better understanding, the partial discharge current is measured under the variation of the insulation gas pressure, the gas type, the electric field strength, and the voltage polarity. Derived from this, a classification of the different discharge types is performed. As a result, four different discharge types can be categorized depending on the experimental parameters: discharge impulses, discharge impulses with superimposed pulseless discharges, discharge impulses with superimposed pulseless discharges, and subsequent smaller discharges and pulseless discharges. Concluding suggestions for partial discharge measurements under DC voltage stress are given: recommendations for the necessary measurement time, the applied voltage and polarity, and useful measurement techniques.

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2

Klinger, T., F. Greiner, A. Latten, A. Piel, T. Pierre, G. Bonhomme, C. Arnas Capeau, G. Bachet, and F. Doveil. "Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in Gas Discharge Systems." Le Journal de Physique IV 05, no. C6 (October 1995): C6–131—C6–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1995624.

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3

Andriienko, Olha Volodymyrivna, Ihor Mykhailovych Drozd, and Anatolii Ivanovych Kuzmichiev. "Gas Discharge Atmospheric Pressure Systems for the Biomedical Use." Electronic and Acoustic Engineering 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2617-0965.2020.3.3.198711.

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4

Hu, Xiaoqin, Arjen Kraaijeveld, and Torgrim Log. "Numerical Investigation of the Required Quantity of Inert Gas Agents in Fire Suppression Systems." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 16, 2020): 2536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102536.

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Inert gas agents have the potential to be widely used in fire suppression systems due to health and safety concerns associated with active chemicals. To suppress fire while minimizing hypoxic effects in an occupied area, the discharge quantity of inert gas agents should be carefully designed to dilute the oxygen concentration to a specific threshold level. In this study, the general expressions between oxygen concentration, the discharge rate of inert gas agents, and the ventilation rate of the air-agent mixture are derived first. Then, explicit formulas to calculate the discharge/ventilation rate and the required quantity of inert gas agents are given if the discharge rate and ventilation rate both are constants. To investigate the dilution and fire extinguishing efficiencies of inert gas agents, two scenarios with a discharge of inert gas agents into an enclosure are modeled using the Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS). The simulation results show that the average oxygen mass fraction approximately reaches the design level at the end of the discharge period. Variation in oxygen concentration along the enclosure height is analyzed. For the scenario with a fire source, oxygen mass fraction decreases fast as oxygen is consumed by the combustion process. Thus, the fire is extinguished a little earlier than the end of the discharge period.

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5

Okamoto, Yukio, Shinichi Shinada, Akihiko Kougami, and Masakazu Fukushima. "A DC-Gas Discharge Display Device for Data Information Systems." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 25, Part 1, No. 11 (November 20, 1986): 1702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.25.1702.

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6

Willebrand, H., F. J. Niedernostheide, E. Ammelt, R. Dohmen, and H. G. Purwins. "Spatio-temporal oscillations during filament splitting in gas discharge systems." Physics Letters A 153, no. 8-9 (March 1991): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(91)90693-3.

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7

Radehaus, Ch, T. Dirksmeyer, H. Willebrand, and H. G. Purwins. "Pattern formation in gas discharge systems with high impedance electrodes." Physics Letters A 125, no. 2-3 (November 1987): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(87)90128-9.

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8

Uchimura, Keiichi, Michiharu Shoji, Tairo Itho, and Jen-Shih Chang. "Gas Discharge Noise Characteristics of the Silent Discharge Type NO_x Cleaning Systems." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 115, no. 2 (1995): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.115.2_99.

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9

Arikan, Kemal, Emel Önal, and Serhat Şeker. "Time-Frequency Analysis of Partial Discharge Current Pulses in Different Gas Environment under Lightning Impulse." Measurement Science Review 20, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2020-0024.

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AbstractThis paper deals with a time-frequency analysis of the measured partial discharge (PD) currents in different insulation gases. These gas environments consist of a pure SF6 (sulphur-hexafluoride) and sulphur-hexafluoride and nitrogen (1 % SF6 + 99 % N2) mixture, under both positive and negative lightning impulse (LI) voltage stresses. In this study, the short time Fourier transform was used to extract the time-frequency information of PDs for different gases at different pressures, and these results were compared to each other. Thus, the relationship between the time, amplitude, and frequency of PD currents was studied. Moreover, some statistical formulas, such as mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, and skewness were applied to the time-dependent PD current data. As a result, a correlation between obtained statistical results and PD frequencies was examined. In most cases, the frequency of partial discharge decreased when the pressure increased. The amplitude of the partial discharges for negative polarity was more than that for positive polarity gas insulations. The partial discharge amplitudes of the pressure of 2 bar were mostly high compared to other pressures. This case demonstrated that SF6 had a maximum minimum character in terms of breakdown. The partial discharge frequency of a 1 % SF6 mixture was higher than that of pure SF6. It is thought that SF6 suppresses the discharge frequency, and statistical evaluations support the experimental results.

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10

IKEGAMI, Toshinari, Katsuhiko YOKOTA, Hiroshi SASAKI, Kazuhiro Ogawa, and Atushi Kuroshima. "4801 A study of exhaust gas processing systems using plasma discharge." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2006.3 (2006): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2006.3.0_305.

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11

Tsutsumi, S., and J. Boone. "The Design, Selection, and Application of Oil-Injected Screw Compressors for Fuel Gas Service." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812785.

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Fuel gas compressors installed in cogeneration systems must be highly reliable and efficient machines, like the other main components, such as gas turbines, gas engines, etc. In the range of gas flow rate and pressure conditions generally required for such systems, the oil-injected screw compressor is often the most suitable compressor type for these requirements. Advantages of oil injected screw compressors are: improved compression efficiency; low discharge gas temperature; high reliability; simple mechanical construction; which all result from injection of lubricant into the compressor. Injected lubricant is discharged together with compressed gas on the high-pressure side but the oil is separated by a fine oil separation system down to a level that causes no problems for the downstream combustion equipment. The oil-injected screw compressor is equipped with an integral stepless capacity control by means of a slide valve, which makes part-load operation possible with reduced power consumption and improves overall system efficiency. As cogeneration systems, which are energy efficient and environmentally sound, are now increasing in number, so oil-injected screw compressors are expected to be used more widely.

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12

CHEMAKINA, T. L., and N. B. OPANASHCHUK. "THE VENTING SYSTEM ON TANK VESSELS." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 1 (2020): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2020-342-4-1-100-105.

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Various gas discharge systems in tanks of oil tankers, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. the method of calculation of the gas discharge system to determine the volume flow of the steam-air mixture from a separate tank when loading the vessel and the resistance of the pipeline system in the first approximation is proposed.

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13

Nelson, D., M. Benhenni, M. Yousfi, and O. Eichwald. "Basic data of polyatomic ion-molecule systems for flue gas discharge modelling." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 34, no. 22 (November 6, 2001): 3247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/34/22/308.

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14

Sahoo, Satyabrata, and M. Ramgopal. "Regression equations for predicting discharge performance of adsorbed natural gas storage systems." Applied Thermal Engineering 86 (July 2015): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.04.038.

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15

Cayli, Y. K., D. Mansuroglu, and I. U. Uzun-Kaymak. "Observed nonlinearities in a DC semiconductor-gas discharge system." Canadian Journal of Physics 96, no. 7 (July 2018): 855–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2017-0770.

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Nonlinear behaviour of a direct current (DC) driven semiconductor-gas discharge plasma is investigated experimentally. The setup consists of two planar electrodes separated by a gap of 1 mm. Plasma glow is generated between a semiconductor cathode and a transparent anode using nitrogen gas at partial atmospheric pressure. Nonlinear behavior of the discharge is investigated by varying the applied DC voltage while monitoring the plasma current (I), voltage (V), and the optical emission, (i.e., amplified voltage measurements obtained using a photodiode and an amplifier). The discharge behaves oscillatory in time. By increasing the applied voltage, the system evolves into higher frequency oscillations with sub-harmonics. In fact, period doublings are observed in these systems, as shown in earlier publications by our research group. In this study, we investigate the mode coupling nature of these oscillations using a Fourier transform based spectral analysis.

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16

Marascu, Valentina, Cristian Stancu, Veronica Satulu, Anca Bonciu, Christian Grisolia, and Gheorghe Dinescu. "Material Erosion and Dust Formation during Tungsten Exposure to Hollow-Cathode and Microjet Discharges." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 6870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196870.

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Tungsten erosion and dust occurrence are phenomena of great interest for fusion technology. Herein, we report results concerning the material damage and dust formation in the presence of high temperature and large area or concentrated discharges in helium and argon. In order to generate adequate plasmas, we used tungsten electrodes in two experimental discharge systems, namely a hollow discharge and a microjet discharge. In both exposure cases, we noticed surface modification, which was assigned to sputtering, melting, and vaporization processes, and a significant dust presence. We report the formation on electrode surfaces of tungsten fuzz, nano-cones, nanofibers, and cauliflower- and faced-like particles, depending on the discharge and gas type. Dust with various morphologies and sizes was collected and analyzed with respect to the morphology, size distribution, and chemical composition. We noticed, with respect to erosion and particle formation, common behaviors of W in both laboratory and fusion facilities experiments.

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17

Bordusau, S., A. Bozhko, S. Madveika, O. Tsikhan, and I. Barouski. "Investigation of Peculiarities of the Discharge Excitation with Hollow Cathode Effect in N2 in a Tube Electrode." PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 3 (2018): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2018.3.99.

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<p>The influence of some constructive discharge system elements on the electric excitation modes and stable maintaining of pulse glow discharge plasma in N<sub>2</sub> in a hollow tube cathode has been investigated. The following discharge system changes have been performed: the position of a hollow electrode-cathode in the dielectric tube-holder; the method of plasma forming gas feeding to the discharge area; the distance between the electrode-cathode and counter-electrode (grounded anode). The investigation has been carried out within 50–700 Pa N<sub>2</sub> pressure range. The obtained results may be used in the design of gas discharge systems with hollow cathode effect.</p>

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18

Wang, Anci, Jianmin Fang, Xiang Yin, Yulong Song, Feng Cao, and Paride Gullo. "Coupling Effect of Air Flow Rate and Operating Conditions on the Performance of Electric Vehicle R744 Air Conditioning System." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 4855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114855.

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The air flow rate on the gas cooler side is one of the key parameters affecting the performance and running safety of transcritical CO2 electric vehicle air conditioning systems. After experimentally analyzing the effects of the air volume flow rate in the gas cooler on the cycle parameters and system performance, a novel method to evaluate the optimal air flow rate was proposed. In addition, the effect of the gas cooler air volume flow rate on the key performance parameters of the system (e.g., optimal discharge pressure) was explored. Finally, the coupling effects of the compressor speed, ambient temperature and optimal air flow rate on the system performance was also exhaustively assessed. It was found that as the discharge temperature, the CO2 temperature at the gas cooler outlet and the discharge pressure did not vary more than ±2%, the corresponding gas cooler air volume flow rate was optimal. For the single-row and dual-process microchannel evaporator used in this work, the recommended value of the optimal gas cooler air volume flow rate was 2500 m3·h−1. The results could provide reference for the fan speed design of electric vehicle CO2 air conditioning systems, especially for the performance under idling model.

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19

Wang, Shoubo, Ram S. Mohan, Ovadia Shoham, Jack D. Marrelli, and Gene E. Kouba. "Performance Improvement of Gas Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone Separators Using Integrated Level and Pressure Control Systems." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 122, no. 4 (July 11, 2000): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1319496.

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The performance of gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone (GLCC©) separators for two-phase flow metering loop can be improved by eliminating liquid overflow into the gas leg or gas blow-out through the liquid leg, utilizing suitable integrated control systems. In this study, a new integrated control system has been developed for the GLCC, in which the control is achieved by a liquid control valve in the liquid discharge line and a gas control valve in the gas discharge line. Simulation studies demonstrate that the integrated level and pressure control system is highly desirable for slugging conditions. This strategy will enable the GLCC to operate at constant pressure so as not to restrict well flow and simultaneously prevent liquid carry-over and gas carry-under. Detailed experimental studies have been conducted to evaluate the improvement in the GLCC operational envelope for liquid carry-over with the integrated level and pressure control system. The results demonstrate that the GLCC equipped with integrated control system is capable of controlling the liquid level and GLCC pressure for a wide range of flow conditions. The experimental results also show that the operational envelope for liquid carry-over is improved twofold at higher liquid flow rate region and higher gas flow rate region. GLCC performance is also evaluated by measuring the operational envelope for onset of gas carry-under. [S0195-0738(00)00804-9]

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20

Milsom, P. K. "The importance of electron-electron scattering in gas discharge systems: a simple criterion." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 25, no. 7 (July 14, 1992): 1086–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/25/7/008.

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21

Piccin, Roland, Armando Mor, Peter Morshuis, Alain Girodet, and Johan Smit. "Partial discharge analysis of gas insulated systems at high voltage AC and DC." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 22, no. 1 (February 2015): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2014.004711.

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22

Rodrigo-Mor, Armando, Fabio Muñoz, and Luis Castro-Heredia. "A Novel Antenna for Partial Discharge Measurements in GIS Based on Magnetic Field Detection." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040858.

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This paper presents a new concept for partial discharge measurements in gas insulated systems (GIS). The proposed technique uses a novel GIS magnetic antenna that measures the magnetic field produced by partial discharges (PD) propagating in GIS. The foundations of the measurement technique and the magnetic antenna design are presented together with laboratory measurements. The magnetic antenna performance and the sensitivity of the acquisition system are studied. The bandwidth of the measurement system is in the high frequency and very high frequency (HF–VHF) range. Laboratory experiments demonstrate the suitability of the novel magnetic antenna-based measuring system for PD in GIS for corona, surface discharges, and free moving particles in SF6.

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23

Zhou, Qi, Qi Yu, Ling Wei Li, Wen Xi Yu, and Gang Yu. "Simulation of Simultaneous Desulfurization and Denitrification of Flue Gas Using Pulsed Discharge Plasma." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 1118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1118.

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Desulfurization and Denitrification processes in two pulsed discharge plasma systems (NO/SO2/N2/O2/H2O and NO/SOSubscript text2/NSubscript text2/OSubscript text2) were simulated respectively, and then the removal characteristics of these two gas systems were analyzed. The results show that NO can be completely removed when the residence time is close to 1.3 s and SOSubscript text2 removal rate is 61.5% when the residence time reaches 3 s in a system containing water vapor (HSubscript text2O). When the system does not contain water vapor, NO removal rate is still much high, but SOSubscript text2 removal rate is approximately zero. When OSubscript text2 concentration is increased, NO removal velocity will be faster and the peak of the concentration curve of NOSubscript text2 will be higher. NO removing velocity is much faster in a system containing water vapor than that in a system without water vapor when both systems have almost the same OSubscript text2 concentration.

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24

Atutov, S. N., and V. A. Sorokin. "Gas-discharge He–Ne laser with a wavelength of 1.52 µm for telecommunications systems." Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing 51, no. 6 (November 2015): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s8756699015060011.

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25

Salcedo, Javier A., Juin J. Liou, Muhammad Y. Afridi, and Allen R. Hefner. "On-chip electrostatic discharge protection for CMOS gas sensor systems-on-a-chip (SoC)." Microelectronics Reliability 46, no. 8 (August 2006): 1285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2005.12.002.

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26

Serxner, D., R. L. Smith, and K. R. Hess. "Investigations of a Metastable Dependence on the Ionization of Sputtered Species in Neon Glow Discharges." Applied Spectroscopy 45, no. 10 (December 1991): 1656–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702914335300.

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Optical investigations of a low-pressure (0.3–4.0 Torr), low-current (1–4 mA), coaxial geometry glow discharge operating with neon as the fill gas are described. Studies were designed to experimentally illustrate the role of neon metastable atoms in the population of selected excited-state ion levels of copper atoms sputtered from a brass cathode. Methane was employed as a quenching agent to reduce the neon metastable population, and ion emission signals from a variety of copper ion transitions showed a decrease in intensity corresponding to the introduction of methane to the plasma. In addition, with variations in discharge pressure, a correlation between the number of neon metastables and the strength of the ion emission signals was observed. These results provide evidence that Penning ionization is an important mechanism for the ionization of sputtered atoms in neon glow discharges, similar to the results obtained for an argon system. Finally, a brief comparison of the neon and argon systems was made which showed the neon discharge gas to be more efficient at populating the monitored copper ion levels. This is most likely due to the higher energy of the neon metastables, which permits the direct population of these ion levels from the copper ground state.

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27

Wang, Guoming, Woo-Hyun Kim, Gyung-Suk Kil, Sung-Wook Kim, and Jae-Ryong Jung. "Green Gas for a Grid as An Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: From the Perspective of Partial Discharge Under AC." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040651.

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This paper deals with the characteristics of partial discharge (PD) in green gas for a grid (g3), which is thought to be a promising eco-friendly alternative to substitute SF6 used in electrical power facilities and to reduce the greenhouse effect. g3 gas with 4% NOVECTM 4710/96% CO2 was used and electrode systems including a protrusion on conductor (POC) and a protrusion on enclosure (POE) were fabricated to simulate PD in a gas-insulated structure. PD characteristics in terms of partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV), pulse parameters in time and frequency, and the phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) pattern in SF6 and g3 were compared. From the results, the PDIVs of g3 were 76%–81% of that of SF6 in the POC and were 78%–84% of that of SF6 in the POE, depending on the gas pressure. Rising time, pulse width, and relative amplitude in the frequency domain of PD pulses in g3 gas were greater than those in SF6. In addition, the PRPD patterns indicated that both the average apparent charge and pulse count of PD in g3 were higher compared with those in SF6. The results from this paper are expected to provide fundamental material for the green manufacturing of gas-insulated power apparatus.

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28

Muralidharan, B., H. Chelladurai, and S. Kanmani Subbu. "Investigation of magnetic field and shielding gas in electro-discharge deposition process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 11 (September 23, 2018): 3701–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218800110.

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The requirements of microfeature-based systems are essentially increasing due to their usage in every major field. Market needs microproducts with more functionality, information processing ability integrated together with compact size. Electro-discharge deposition process is an emerging nonlithographic, additive process to manufacture high aspect ratio 3D microfeatures. The current research work develops and investigates the application of magnetic field and shielding gas in the electro-discharge deposition process with experimental work and simulation model. Response surface methodology model is developed to perform parametric analysis and to ascertain the significance of introducing magnetic field and shielding gas in an electro-discharge deposition process. Results from atomic force microscope and optical image microscope shows that at higher magnetic field the deposition height increases with reduced width. From the EDAX compositional analysis, it is noted that the presence of shielding gas increases the percentage of copper composition and reduces the carbon and oxygen composition in the deposited material. The obtained results confirmed that the presence of magnetic field and shielding gas significantly improves the deposition process.

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29

Stuchebrov, Sergei, Andrey Batranin, Dan Verigin, Yelena Lukyanenko, Maria Siniagina, and Alexander Wagner. "Estimation of Radiation Doses in X-Ray Visualization of Biological Objects." Advanced Materials Research 880 (January 2014): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.880.53.

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Two setups for X-ray visualization of objects interior structure were designed and assembled in TPU. These radiographic systems are based on linear gas-discharge and GaAs semiconductor detectors. During investigation of biological object control of radiation doses has a high priority. In this report radiation dose calculations in X-ray visualization are presented. These calculation also includes dose calculations of sinograms which are used for reconstruction of tomography slices.

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30

Denisov, V. V., Yu A. Denisova, E. L. Vardanyan, E. V. Ostroverkhov, A. A. Leonov, and M. V. Savchuk. "Deposition of a multi-layer coating in a gas-metal beam-plasma formation at low pressure." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika 64, no. 1 (2021): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/64/1/125.

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The vacuum-arc plasma-assisted method was used to deposit a multilayer coating based on Ti and Al in two discharge systems - in a traditional plasma-assisted vacuum-arc spraying system and in a system for generating of gas-metal beam-plasma formation formed in a hollow cathode of a non-self-sustained low pressure glow discharge. The coatings obtained in the investigated discharge schemes are close in elemental and phase composition. In the coating deposited in the plasma-beam formation, the aluminum content is 8% lower, which is probably due to the overall higher average value of the ion flux density on the surface of the growing film in a non-self-sustained glow discharge. In the coating obtained by sputtering in a beam-plasma formation, there are no elements that are part of the material of the sputtered hollow cathode. Gas-metal beam-plasma formations, formed at low pressure, are promising in the processes of functional coatings deposition by the vacuum-arc plasma-assisted method.

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31

Abuaf, N., N. S. Rasmussen, and L. C. Szema. "Flow in Liner Holes for Countercurrent Combustion Systems." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240229.

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Heavy-duty gas turbine combustion systems have a “reverse flow” combustion-cooling air network. High-temperature gradients have been observed in some combustion liners around the plain holes, or around the cylindrical inserts welded into the mixing holes. Flow visualization tests were performed in a countercurrent flow facility. Measurements of pressure and velocity distributions in and around the mixing hole jet were taken, and mass flow rates and discharge coefficients were calculated in order to characterize and compare the two geometries. The results with a plain hole (square-edged orifice) and the cylindrical insert show the presence of a sharp separation region at the trailing edge (combustion side) of the liner hole, which may cause the high-temperature gradients observed under operating conditions. The measured discharge coefficients show a dependence on the insert geometry, the flow parameter (K), and the bottom section (combustion side) countercurrent flow velocity.

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32

Rusanov, Andriy, Viktor Solovey, and Mykola Zipunnikov. "Thermochemical activation of hydrogen in the process of desorption from metal hydride." French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 2 (2020): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/fujcv8i2p60-72.

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The results of mass spectrometric studies of the energy state of hydrogen molecules with the usage of the electron impact ionization efficiency curves measurement method, both during desorption and in the mode of hydrogen flowing through the metal hydride layer, are presented. The dependences of the breakdown voltage on the pressure in the gas-discharge chamber for an electric discharge in activated hydrogen are obtained. Those dependencies indicate a significant decrease in the ionization potential of hydrogen under the electric current influence. Within the framework of the presented material, the results of hydrogen emission from hydride-forming materials based on LaNi5 are presented and an assessment of its thermodynamic state is given, which made it possible to study the energy-physical characteristics of gas-discharge processes. The possibility of practical use of metal hydride activation to increase the energy and operational efficiency of electric-discharge hydrogen systems is shown.

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33

Dudkiewicz, Edyta, and Paweł Szałański. "A review of heat recovery possibility in flue gases discharge system of gas radiant heaters." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600017.

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Heating of large-cubage buildings accounts for significant share of energy consumption. The radiant heating system using gas heaters is a common solution for large-cubage halls and is considered to be energy efficient. There is a possibility of additional heat energy recovery from the flue gases of gas radiant heaters because new solutions were introduced to the market. Furthermore heat recovery consists the most promising solution and develop during the recent years rapidly. On the other hand, few works have been dedicated to heat recovery from exhaust gas but none of them consider exhaust gas from radiant heaters. Exhaust gas temperature depends on the type and efficiency of the gas heater. The selection of both the type of radiant heaters and the heat recovery system requires many factors to be taken into account. This study consider possibilities for application of different heat exchangers in exhaust gases system of gas radiant heaters. The authors propose to classify exhaust gas heat recovery systems in dependence on intermediary medium: water/air, gas heaters type: ceramic/tube and number (single/group) and their mounting location.

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34

Kostyuk, Nataliya, Phyadragren Cole, Natarajan Meghanathan, Raphael D. Isokpehi, and Hari H. P. Cohly. "Gas Discharge Visualization: An Imaging and Modeling Tool for Medical Biometrics." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/196460.

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The need for automated identification of a disease makes the issue of medical biometrics very current in our society. Not all biometric tools available provide real-time feedback. We introduce gas discharge visualization (GDV) technique as one of the biometric tools that have the potential to identify deviations from the normal functional state at early stages and in real time. GDV is a nonintrusive technique to capture the physiological and psychoemotional status of a person and the functional status of different organs and organ systems through the electrophotonic emissions of fingertips placed on the surface of an impulse analyzer. This paper first introduces biometrics and its different types and then specifically focuses on medical biometrics and the potential applications of GDV in medical biometrics. We also present our previous experience with GDV in the research regarding autism and the potential use of GDV in combination with computer science for the potential development of biological pattern/biomarker for different kinds of health abnormalities including cancer and mental diseases.

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Widger, Phillip, Daniel Carr, Alistair Reid, Meirion Hills, Chris Stone, and A. (Manu) Haddad. "Partial Discharge Measurements in a High Voltage Gas Insulated Transmission Line Insulated with CO2." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 2891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112891.

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This paper uses practical experimentation to analyse the effect of replacing SF6 with pure CO2 in conventional gas insulated transmission line sections by studying partial discharge measurements taken with applied voltages up to 242 kV (rms). The results can also help in understanding the properties of new alternative gas mixtures which can be utilised with a ratio of up to and over 95% CO2. The experiments undertaken involved filling a gas insulated line demonstrator with 3 bars of CO2 and applying voltages up to 242 kV in both clean conditions and particle-contaminated enclosure conditions. The results demonstrate that CO2 can be used to insulate gas equipment without breakdown at high voltage, however, a higher gas-filling pressure may be needed to reduce the partial discharge found in the tests presented in this paper. Another aspect of the work showed that partial discharge (PD) measurements from internal ultra-high frequency (UHF) sensors compared with a direct measurement from a capacitive divider both clearly showed the effect of contaminating particles in CO2. However, the PD divider measurements also showed considerable external PD on the outside of the gas compartment, leading to the conclusion that UHF sensors are still regarded as having the highest sensitivity and noise immunity for gas insulated switchgear (GIS) or gas insulated transmission line (GIL) systems including when the equipment is insulated with CO2.

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Glukhova, Natalija, Viktor Khilov, Yuliia Kharlamova, and Mariia Isakova. "Integrated assessment of the state of sewage mine waters based on gas-discharge radiation method." E3S Web of Conferences 201 (2020): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020101032.

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The existing environmental problems resulting from the use and subsequent discharge of water by mining and metallurgical enterprises are analyzed. The relevance of developing methods for an integrated assessment of water properties is presented, which will allow the study of not only physical-chemical, but also the biological parameters of water. Experimental studies of water samples are conducted based on the method of gas-discharge radiation. The existing methods for extracting informative features of gas-discharge radiation images of liquid-phase objects are analyzed. Histograms of gas-discharge radiation images of various types of water were constructed and studied. The expediency of dividing images into separate fragments, characterized by common texture features, is shown. The analysis of texture features is carried out based on the use of the Fourier transform. Using the Fourier transform for the corresponding luminance vectors, the spectra have been obtained of the spatial distribution of the frequencies of brightness changes, which are used as texture features to identify the specific characteristics of the gas-discharge tracks formation. It has been determined that the developed method of water analysis allows assessing its biological properties, which is based on the values of the spatial frequency range. The advantage of the proposed method over the existing ones is the possibility of quantitative assessment in the form of numerical values of the covered range of spatial frequencies. The proposed method of studying the biological properties of water can be used as part of modern environmental monitoring systems.

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FIEDKIEWICZ, Łukasz, and Ireneusz PIELECHA. "Optical analysis of the gas flame development in a RCM using a high-power ignition system." Combustion Engines 173, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2018-208.

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The combustion process quality is determined by several factors: the composition of the fuel-air mixture in the vicinity of the spark plug and the discharge conditions on the spark plug. This article assesses a high-power ignition system using optical gas flame propaga-tion analyzes. The tests were carried out in a rapid compression machine, using a fast camera for filming. The spark plug discharge quality assessment was determined indirectly by the flame propagation conditions after the ignition of the mixture (during methane combustion). The size of the flame surface and the rate of its change were assumed as a comparative criterion. It has been found that when using an ignition system with high discharge power the rate of flame development is 14% higher with respect to conventional ignition systems. In addition, the shorter development time of the early flame phase after discharge when using the new ignition system was confirmed. Based on the obtained test results and analyzes, modifications of engine operation settings were indicated, resulting from the use of a high discharge power system.

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Kaneko, Toshiro, Qiang Chen, and Rikizo Hatakeyama. "Synthesis of nano-bio conjugates for drug delivery systems using gas-liquid interfacial discharge plasmas." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 60, no. 6 (March 2012): 929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.60.929.

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39

Purwins, H.-G., and L. Stollenwerk. "Synergetic aspects of gas-discharge: lateral patterns in dc systems with a high ohmic barrier." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 56, no. 12 (October 22, 2014): 123001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/56/12/123001.

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Jiang, Yi, Xueliang Ping, Ya’ou Zhang, and Wansheng Zhao. "Effects of gas medium on submersed gas-flushing electrical discharge machining of different metal materials." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 115, no. 7-8 (May 24, 2021): 2313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07192-2.

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41

Yusha, V. L., S. S. Busarov, and G. I. Chernov. "Theoretical Assessment of the Impact of Cooling and Recovery Systems on Energy Efficiency of Compressor Units Based on Long Stroke Piston Stages." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 02 (719) (February 2020): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2020-2-35-44.

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At present, piston and membrane compressor units in the range of medium and high pressure (3.0–10.0 MPa and more) and low productivity (0.001–0.03 m3/s) retain their competitiveness. Their technical characteristics can be improved in many ways, for example, by using long stroke stages. In one such stage, the gas pressure can be increased from 0.1 to 3.0–11.0 MPa without exceeding temperature limits. One of the research directions of such stages is to determine the most efficient thermal mode of operation of the stage. A ‘quasi-isothermal’ working process of compression with intensive external cooling of the cylinder and a ‘quasi-adiabatic’ working process of compression without intensive external cooling of the cylinder are considered as possible options. The article presents the results of a theoretical assessment of the effectiveness of the use of cooling and recovery systems in compressor units based on long-stroke piston stages. The possibility of providing a mode where the discharge gas temperature differs from the gas temperature at suction by 40–80 K is shown. This should be considered a good achievement for the 30–100 ratio of the discharge pressure to the suction pressure. A theoretical possibility of increasing the discharge temperature up to 500–900 K is shown, which makes it possible to effectively apply the heat recovery system of compressed gases based on the Rankine cycle.

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Tuyet-Doan, Vo-Nguyen, Tien-Tung Nguyen, Minh-Tuan Nguyen, Jong-Ho Lee, and Yong-Hwa Kim. "Self-Attention Network for Partial-Discharge Diagnosis in Gas-Insulated Switchgear." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082102.

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Detecting, measuring, and classifying partial discharges (PDs) are important tasks for assessing the condition of insulation systems used in different electrical equipment. Owing to the implementation of the phase-resolved PD (PRPD) as a sequence input, an existing method that processes sequential data, e.g., the recurrent neural network, using a long short-term memory (LSTM) has been applied for fault classification. However, the model performance is not further improved because of the lack of supporting parallel computation and the inability to recognize the relevance of all inputs. To overcome these two drawbacks, we propose a novel deep-learning model in this study based on a self-attention mechanism to classify the PD patterns in a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). The proposed model uses a self-attention block that offers the advantages of simultaneous computation and selective focusing on parts of the PRPD signals and a classification block to finally classify faults in the GIS. Moreover, the combination of LSTM and self-attention is considered for comparison purposes. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves performance superiority compared with the previous neural networks, whereas the model complexity is significantly reduced.

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Liu, Shizheng, Ningbo Zhao, Jianguo Zhang, Jialong Yang, Zhiming Li, and Hongtao Zheng. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Plasma Ignition Characteristics in Gas Turbine Combustors." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 22, 2019): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081511.

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Reliable ignition is critical for improving the operating performance of modern combustor and gas turbines. As an alternative to the traditional spark discharge ignition, plasma assisted ignition has attracted more interest and been shown to be more effective in increasing ignition probability, accelerating kernel growth, and decreasing ignition delay time. In this paper, the operating characteristic of a typical self-designed plasma ignition system is investigated. Based on the optical experiment, the plasma jet flow feature during discharge is analyzed. Then, a detailed numerical study is carried out to investigate the effects of different plasma parameters on ignition enhancement of a one can-annular combustor used in gas turbines. The results show that plasma indeed has a good ability to expand the ignition limit and decrease the minimum ignition energy. For the studied plasma ignitor, the initial discharge kernel is not a sphere but a jet flow cone with a length of about 30 mm. Besides, the numerical comparisons indicate that the additions of plasma active species and the increases of initial energy, plasma jet flow length and discharge frequency can benefit the acceleration of kernel growth and flame propagation via thermal, kinetic and transport pathways. The present study may provide a suitable understanding of plasma assisted ignition in gas turbines and a meaningful reference to develop high performance ignition systems.

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Singh, Tejvir, Muataz Ali Atieh, Tareq Al-Ansari, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, and Gordon McKay. "The Role of Nanofluids and Renewable Energy in the Development of Sustainable Desalination Systems: A Review." Water 12, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12072002.

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Desalination accounts for 1% of the total global water consumption and is an energy-intensive process, with the majority of operational expenses attributed to energy consumption. Moreover, at present, a significant portion of the power comes from traditional fossil-fuel-fired power plants and the greenhouse gas emissions associated with power production along with concentrated brine discharge from the process, pose a severe threat to the environment. Due to the dramatic impact of climate change, there is a major opportunity to develop sustainable desalination processes to combat the issues of brine discharge, greenhouse gas emissions along with a reduction in energy consumption per unit of freshwater produced. Nanotechnology can play a vital role to achieve specific energy consumption reduction as nanofluids application increases the overall heat transfer coefficient enabling the production of more water for the same size desalination plant. Furthermore, concentrated brine discharge harms the marine ecosystems, and hence, this problem must also be solved to support the objective of sustainable desalination. Several studies have been carried out in the past several years in the field of nanotechnology applications for desalination, brine treatment and the role of renewable energy in desalination. This paper aims to review the major advances in this field of nanotechnology for desalination. Furthermore, a hypothesis for developing an integrated solar thermal and nanofluid sustainable desalination system, based on the cyclic economy model, is proposed.

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Liu, Guang Ya, Lu Kang, and Wei Na Peng. "On-Line Monitoring System for Transformer Partial Discharge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.464.

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On-line insulation monitoring of transformer and the fault diagnosis are effective means to avoid sudden accidents happening on the transformer, which are necessary to perform the condition based maintenance (CBM) of transformer. Partial discharge is often accompanied by the external signals of sound, light and electricity as well as some detectable physical phenomena such as characteristic gas and dielectric loss. The partial discharge defects inside the transformer can be found by detecting the external signals. The principle of electro-acoustic monitoring, its monitoring systems and the related judgment technologies are expounded, on the basis of which an outline design of the monitoring system is presented.

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Hannaford, P., and RM Lowe. "Some Recent Developments in Atomic Lifetime Determinations." Australian Journal of Physics 39, no. 5 (1986): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph860829.

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A lifetimes technique that is readily applicable to neutral and singly ionised atoms of a wide range of elements, including the highly refractory elements, is reviewed. With this technique an atomic vapour of the element under study is generated by cathodic sputtering in a low pressure rare-gas discharge and fluorescence decay signals emitted by the vapour following pulsed laser excitation are recorded directly in a fast transient digitiser. Theoretical expressions are presented for the form of the time-resolved fluor~scence signal appropriate to the collisional environment of a rare-gas sputtering discharge. A summary is given of the atomic systems studied to date using this technique, and some new results for Sm and Ba are compared with recently reported results for these elements.

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Michelarakis, Michail, Phillip Widger, Abderrahmane Beroual, and Abderrahmane (Manu) Haddad. "Electrical Detection of Creeping Discharges over Insulator Surfaces in Atmospheric Gases under AC Voltage Application." Energies 12, no. 15 (August 1, 2019): 2970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152970.

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Creeping discharges over insulator surfaces have been related to the presence of triple junctions in compressed gas insulated systems. The performance of dielectric materials frequently utilised in gaseous insulating high voltage applications, stressed under triple junction conditions, has been an interesting topic approached through many different physical perspectives. Presented research outcomes have contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms behind the related phenomena, macroscopically and microscopically. This paper deals with the electrical detection of creeping discharges over disc-shaped insulator samples of different dielectric materials (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), epoxy resin and silicone rubber) using atmospheric gases (dry air, N2 and CO2) as insulation medium in a point-plane electrode arrangement and under AC voltage application. The entire approach implementation is described in detail, from the initial numerical field simulations of the electrode configuration to the sensing and recording devices specifications and applications. The obtained results demonstrate the dependence of the generated discharge activity on the geometrical and material properties of the dielectric and the solid/atmospheric gas interface. The current work will be further extended as part of a future extensive research programme.

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Park, Inyoung, Jungpil Noh, Yongsup Yun, and Jeonghyeon Yang. "A study on corrosion of distance piece on Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems (EGCS) discharge water line." Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology 44, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5916/jamet.2020.44.6.453.

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Neutz, Jochen, Andreas König, Helmut Knauss, Sebastian Jordan, Tim Rödiger, Boris Smorodsky, and Erich Walter Blümcke. "Mass Flow Discharge and Total Temperature Characterisation of a Pyrotechnic Gas Generator Formulation for Airbag Systems." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 34, no. 3 (June 2009): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.200900015.

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Chang, Chung-Liang, and Tser-Sheng Lin. "Elimination of Carbon Monoxide in the Gas Streams by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Systems with Mn Catalyst." Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 25, no. 4 (August 2005): 387–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11090-004-3135-6.

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