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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gas conversion; Synthesis; Metal carbide

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Academic literature on the topic 'Gas conversion; Synthesis; Metal carbide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gas conversion; Synthesis; Metal carbide"

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Gunawardana, P. V. D. S., John Walmsley, Anders Holmen, De Chen, and Hilde Johnsen Venvik. "Metal Dusting Corrosion Initiation in Conversion of Natural Gas to Synthesis Gas." Energy Procedia 26 (2012): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.06.018.

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Claridge, John B., Andrew P. E. York, Attila J. Brungs, Carlos Marquez-Alvarez, Jeremy Sloan, Shik Chi Tsang, and Malcolm L. H. Green. "New Catalysts for the Conversion of Methane to Synthesis Gas: Molybdenum and Tungsten Carbide." Journal of Catalysis 180, no. 1 (November 1998): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1998.2260.

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Won, H. I., H. H. Nersisyan, and C. W. Won. "Combustion synthesis of ultrafine tungsten carbide powder." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 9 (September 2008): 2393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0289.

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The synthesis of ultrafine tungsten carbide (WC) powder has been investigated from a WO3 + Mg + C mixture via combustion technique. The values of combustion parameters were estimated over the Mg concentration range 3 to 16 mol. Fast increasing tendency of the WC/W2C phase ratio from Mg concentration has been found in the final products. Phase pure WC was prepared with more than 10 mol Mg, and a small amount of ammonium carbonate (or urea) was blended with the WO3+ C mixture. The effects of the combustion conditions on product morphology and composition were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results of the investigation indicate that carbon-containing compounds significantly enhance the combustion synthesis process; leading to higher conversion efficiencies and phase pure WC formation at 1500–1550 °C. The crystalline particles of WC showed a narrow distribution in particle size, with a mean diameter around 200 nm. The results are discussed in the context of gas-phase and solid-phase transport models.

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Wei, Xin. "Synthesis of Alumina-Tungsten Carbide Composites by Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis Process." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.226.

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Alumina-Tungsten Carbide (Al2O3-WC) composites were synthesized by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) from a powder mixture of WO3-C-Al. The reaction was carried out in a SHS reactor under static argon gas at a pressure of 0.5 MPa. The standard Gibbs energy minimization method was used to calculate the equilibrium composition of the reacting species. The effects of carbon mole ratio in precursor mixture and diluents of NaCl and Al2O3 on the Al2O3-WC conversion were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope technique. The as-synthesized products of Al2O3-WC2-WC powders were concurrently formed and the reduction of W2C phase was found when added diluents in precursors.

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GORMLEY, R. "Secondary reactions on metal-zeolite catalysts used in synthesis gas conversion*1." Journal of Catalysis 113, no. 1 (September 1988): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(88)90248-5.

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Lu, Mi, Andrew Lepore, Jae-Soon Choi, Zhenglong Li, Zili Wu, Felipe Polo-Garzon, and Michael Hu. "Acetic Acid/Propionic Acid Conversion on Metal Doped Molybdenum Carbide Catalyst Beads for Catalytic Hot Gas Filtration." Catalysts 8, no. 12 (December 9, 2018): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120643.

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Catalytic hot gas filtration (CHGF) is used to precondition biomass derived fast pyrolysis (FP) vapors by physically removing reactive char and alkali particulates and chemically converting reactive oxygenates to species that are more easily upgraded during subsequent catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP). Carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid and propionic acid, form during biomass fast pyrolysis and are recalcitrant to downstream catalytic vapor upgrading. This work developed and evaluated catalysts that can convert these acids to more upgradeable ketones at the laboratory scale. Selective catalytic conversion of these reactive oxygenates to more easily upgraded compounds can enhance bio-refinery processing economics through catalyst preservation by reduced coking from acid cracking, by preserving carbon efficiency, and through process intensification by coupling particulate removal with partial upgrading. Two metal-doped molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) supported catalyst beads were synthesized and evaluated and their performance compared with an undoped Mo2C control catalyst beads. For laboratory scale acetic acid conversion, calcium doped Mo2C supported catalyst beads produced the highest yield of acetone at ~96% at 450 °C among undoped and Ca or Ni doped catalysts.

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Fontes, F. A. O., K. K. P. Gomes, Francisca de Fatima P. Medeiros, C. P. Souza, J. F. Sousa, and Uilame Umbelino Gomes. "Synthesis of Niobium Carbide from Ammonium Niobium (V) Oxalate Precursor at Low Temperature in Rotating Cylinder Reactor." Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 747–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.747.

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The reaction of oxalic precursor {(NH4)3[NbO(C2O4)3]H2O}, was prepared from the Nb2O5, to niobium carbide (NbC) were performed in a rotating cylinder reactor scale-lab designed to niobium carbide powders synthesis at low temperature (1173 K). The NbC was prepared by a oxalic precursor and as well of commercial niobium pentoxide under flowing CH4- H2 mixtures. The reactor was heated through a bi-partied electric furnace with programmable temperature. The reaction overall time was determined from the curve of methane absorption evolution by gas chromatograph (FID) analysis. The preliminary results showed that the conversion function depends on the rotation, temperature, mixture flow, CH4/H2 ratio and heating rate. The niobium carbide was characterized through X-ray diffraction and compared to the commercial products. The reaction of oxalic precursor {(NH4)3[NbO(C2O4)3]H2O} to niobium carbide (NbC) in 3% (v/v) CH4/H2 yielded smallest grain size as well smaller overall time when compared with obtained direct by commercial Nb2O5, however it had small mass conversion due the solid carryover not controlled.

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Kostrin, D. K., and A. A. Lisenkov. "Synthesis of Transition Metals Carbide Compounds in the Vacuum Arc Discharge Plasma." Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.371.

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To implement the plasmochemical synthesis of transition metals (Ti, Zr, Mo, W) carbide compounds in a plasma flux of the vacuum arc the discharge carbonaceous working gas is infused. It is shown that the composition of the initial carbonaceous gas defines both the carbon output, and the nature and course of the carbide compounds formation chemical reaction. The composition analysis of the plasma flux in the course of the coating evaporation was carried out by means of the developed emissive spectral analyzer. The result shows that a considerable part of transition metals carbide phases has wide zones of homogeneity within which the change in the carbon content happens without the crystalline grid reorganization. The work reveals and analyzes the factors defining quality of the received carbide compounds (TiC, ZrC, MoC, WC) of refractory metals in a flux of metal plasma of the vacuum arc discharge.

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Jong, K. D. "Electron Microscopy Studies of Supported Metal Catalysts Used for Conversion of Synthesis Gas." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S2 (August 2013): 1690–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613010441.

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Dorokhov, V. S., D. I. Ishutenko, P. A. Nikul’shin, O. L. Eliseev, N. N. Rozhdestvenskaya, V. M. Kogan, and A. L. Lapidus. "The mechanism of synthesis gas conversion to alcohols catalyzed by transition metal sulfides." Doklady Chemistry 451, no. 1 (July 2013): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0012500813070057.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gas conversion; Synthesis; Metal carbide"

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Brungs, A. J. A. "Transition metal carbides as catalysts for methane reforming." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365881.

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Suárez, París Rodrigo. "Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived synthesis gas to liquid fuels." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kemisk teknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-182690.

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Climate change is one of the biggest global threats of the 21st century. Fossil fuels constitute by far the most important energy source for transportation and the different governments are starting to take action to promote the use of cleaner fuels. Biomass-derived fuels are a promising alternative for diversifying fuel sources, reducing fossil fuel dependency and abating greenhouse gas emissions. The research interest has quickly shifted from first-generation biofuels, obtained from food commodities, to second-generation biofuels, produced from non-food resources. The subject of this PhD thesis is the production of second-generation biofuels via thermochemical conversion: biomass is first gasified to synthesis gas, a mixture of mainly H2 and CO; synthesis gas can then be catalytically converted to different fuels. This work summarizes six publications, which are focused on the synthesis gas conversion step. Two processes are principally examined in this summary. The first part of the PhD thesis is devoted to the synthesis of ethanol and higher alcohols, which can be used as fuel or fuel additives. The microemulsion technique is applied in the synthesis of molybdenum-based catalysts, achieving a yield enhancement. Methanol cofeeding is also studied as a way of boosting the production of longer alcohols, but a negative effect is obtained: the main outcome of methanol addition is an increase in methane production. The second part of the PhD thesis addresses wax hydroconversion, an essential upgrading step in the production of middle-distillate fuels via Fischer-Tropsch. Bifunctional catalysts consisting of noble metals supported on silica-alumina are considered. The deactivation of a platinum-based catalyst is investigated, sintering and coking being the main causes of decay. A comparison of platinum and palladium as catalyst metal function is also carried out, obtaining a fairly different catalytic performance of the materials in terms of conversion and selectivity, very likely due to dissimilar hydrogenation power of the metals. Finally, a kinetic model based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson formalism is proposed to describe the hydroconversion reactions, attaining a good fitting of the experimental data.
Klimatförändringarna är ett av de största globala hoten under det tjugoförsta århundradet. Fossila bränslen utgör den helt dominerande energikällan för transporter och många länder börjar stödja användning av renare bränslen. Bränslen baserade på biomassa är ett lovande alternativ för att diversifiera råvarorna, reducera beroendet av fossila råvaror och undvika växthusgaser. Forskningsintresset har snabbt skiftat från första generationens biobränslen som erhölls från mat-råvaror till andra generationens biobränslen producerade från icke ätbara-råvaror. Ämnet för denna doktorsavhandling är produktion av andra generationens biobränslen via termokemisk omvandling. Biomassa förgasas först till syntesgas, en blandning av i huvudsak vätgas och kolmoxid; syntesgasen kan sedan katalytiskt omvandlas till olika bränslen. Detta arbete sammanfattar sex publikationer som fokuserar på steget för syntesgasomvandling. Två processer är i huvudsak undersökta i denna sammanfattning. Den första delen av doktorsavhandlingen ägnas åt syntes av etanol och högre alkoholer som kan användas som bränsle eller bränsletillsatser. Mikroemulsionstekniken har använts vid framställningen av molybden-baserade katalysatorer, vilket gav en höjning av utbytet. Tillsatsen av metanol har också studerats som ett sätt att försöka få en högre koncentration av högre alkoholer, men en negativ effekt erhölls: huvudeffekten av metanoltillsatsen är en ökad metanproduktion. Den andra delen av doktorsavhandlingen handlar om vätebehandling av vaxer som ett viktigt upparbetningssteg vid framställning av mellandestillat från Fischer-Tropsch processen. Bifunktionella katalysatorer som består av ädelmetaller deponerade på silica-alumina valdes. Deaktiveringen av en platinabaserad katalysator undersöktes. Sintring och koksning var huvudorsakerna till deaktiveringen. En jämförelse mellan platina och palladium som funktionella metaller genomfördes också med resultatet att det var en ganska stor skillnad mellan materialens katalytiska egenskaper vilket gav olika omsättning och selektivitet, mycket sannolikt beroende på olika reaktionsmönster hos metallerna vid vätebehandling. Slutligen föreslås en kinetisk modell baserad på en Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson modell för att beskriva reaktionerna vid vätebehandling. Denna modell ger en god anpassning till experimentella data.
El cambio climático es una de las mayores amenazas del siglo XXI. Los combustibles fósiles constituyen actualmente la fuente de energía más importante para el transporte, por lo que los diferentes gobiernos están empezando a tomar medidas para promover el uso de combustibles más limpios. Los combustibles derivados de biomasa son una alternativa prometedora para diversificar las fuentes de energía, reducir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles y disminuir las emisiones de efecto invernadero. Los esfuerzos de los investigadores se han dirigido en los últimos años a los biocombustibles de segunda generación, producidos a partir de recursos no alimenticios. El tema de esta tesis de doctorado es la producción de biocombustibles de segunda generación mediante conversión termoquímica: en primer lugar, la biomasa se gasifica y convierte en gas de síntesis, una mezcla formada mayoritariamente por hidrógeno y monóxido de carbono; a continuación, el gas de síntesis puede transformarse en diversos biocombustibles. Este trabajo resume seis publicaciones, centradas en la etapa de conversión del gas de síntesis. Dos procesos se estudian con mayor detalle. En la primera parte de la tesis se investiga la producción de etanol y alcoholes largos, que pueden ser usados como combustible o como aditivos para combustible. La técnica de microemulsión se aplica en la síntesis de catalizadores basados en molibdeno, consiguiendo un incremento del rendimiento. Además, se introduce metanol en el sistema de reacción para intentar aumentar la producción de alcoholes más largos, pero los efectos obtenidos son negativos: la principal consecuencia es el incremento de la producción de metano. La segunda parte de la tesis estudia la hidroconversión de cera, una etapa esencial en la producción de destilados medios mediante Fischer-Tropsch. Los catalizadores estudiados son bifuncionales y consisten en metales nobles soportados en sílice-alúmina. La desactivación de un catalizador de platino se investiga, siendo la sinterización y la coquización las principales causas del problema. El uso de platino y paladio como componente metálico se compara, obteniendo resultados catalíticos bastante diferentes, tanto en conversión como en selectividad, probablemente debido a su diferente capacidad de hidrogenación. Finalmente, se propone un modelo cinético, basado en el formalismo de Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson, que consigue un ajuste satisfactorio de los datos experimentales.

QC 20160308

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DIAGNE, CHEIKH T. "Transformation du gaz de synthese en alcools sur catalyseurs a base de palladium et de cobalt-cuivre : aspects mecanistiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13199.

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Le mecanisme de formation des alcools a ete etudie sur deux systemes catalytiques (pd-ceo::(2) et co-cu-al::(2)zno::(4)). L'ajout d'alcalins (li, na, k) favorise la methanolation et entraine une augmentation de la productivite ou de la selectivite en ethanol

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Book chapters on the topic "Gas conversion; Synthesis; Metal carbide"

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Wang, Peng, Wei Chen, Fu-Kuo Chiang, A. Iulian Dugulan, Kui Zhang, Jiachun Chai, Weizhen Li, et al. "Synthesis of Stable and Low-CO2 Selective Phase-Pure ε-Iron Carbide Catalysts in Synthesis Gas Conversion." In ACS Symposium Series, 229–55. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1364.ch009.

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Fujiwara, Yuzo, Tsugio Kitamura, Yuki Taniguchi, Taizo Hayashida, and Tetsuro Jintoku. "Transition metal catalyzed acetic acid synthesis from methane and carbon monoxide." In Natural Gas Conversion V, Proceedings ofthe 5th International Natural Gas Conversion Symposium,, 349–53. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(98)80456-4.

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Kustov, Leonid. "Structured Catalysts on Metal Supports for Light Alkane Conversion." In Small-Scale Gas to Liquid Fuel Synthesis, 293–314. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18075-12.

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Tihay, F., G. Pourroy, A. C. Roger, and A. Kiennemann. "Selective synthesis of C2-C4 olefins on Fe-Co based metal/oxide composite materials." In Natural Gas Conversion V, Proceedings ofthe 5th International Natural Gas Conversion Symposium,, 143–48. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(98)80422-9.

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"Chapter 9Structured Catalysts on Metal Supports for Light Alkane Conversion." In Small-Scale Gas to Liquid Fuel Synthesis, 311–32. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18075-15.

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Gronchi, P., P. Centola, and R. Del Rosso. "CO2 for petrochemicals feedstock. Conversion to synthesis gas on metal supported catalysts." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 333–38. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(98)80766-0.

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Ikram, Muhammad, Ali Raza, Jahan Zeb Hassan, Arslan Ahmed Rafi, Asma Rafiq, Shehnila Altaf, and Atif Ashfaq. "Rational Design and Advance Applications of Transition Metal Oxides." In Transition Metal Compounds - Synthesis, Properties, and Application. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96568.

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An attractive class of transition metal oxides (TMOs) have been freshly concerned with increasing research interest worldwide concerning stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric configurations as well, that usually exhibits a spinel structure. These TMOs will contribute substantial roles in the production of eco-friendly and low-cost energy conversion (storage) devices owing to their outstanding electrochemical properties. The current chapter involves the summary of the latest research and fundamental advances in the effectual synthesis and rational design of TMOs nanostructures with meticulous size, composition, shape, and micro as well as nanostructures. Also applications of TMOs such as effective photocatalyst, gas sensing, biomedical, and as an electrode material that can be utilized for lithium-ion batteries, and photovoltaic applications. Additionally, certain future tendencies and visions for the development of next-generation advanced TMOs for electrochemical energy storage methods are also displayed.

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Otsuka, Kiyoshi, Masaharu Hatano, and Takayuki Komatsu. "Synthesis of C2H4 by Partial Oxidation of CH4 Over Transition Metal Oxides With Alkali-Chlorides." In Methane Conversion, Proceedings of a Symposium on the Production of Fuels and Chemicals from Natural Gas, 383–87. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(09)60529-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gas conversion; Synthesis; Metal carbide"

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Liang, Cai, Barton C. Prorok, Prateek Gupta, Marcin Tlustochovicz, Ranyi Zhu, and Michael McNallan. "Conversion of metal carbides to carbide derived carbon by reactive ion etching in halogen gas." In Defense and Security Symposium, edited by Thomas George and Zhong-Yang Cheng. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.665054.

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Atong, Duangduen, and Viboon Sricharoenchaikul. "Enhanced Gasification of Waste Glycerol Over Ni/SiC Catalyst for Fuel Gas Production." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90283.

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The amount of waste glycerol from biodiesel production increases sharply due to greater use of this alternative fuel from high cost and adverse environmental effect of conventional fossil fuel. The crude glycerol can convert to fuel gas (mainly CO, H2, and CH4) through thermochemical conversion processes such as gasification and pyrolysis. In this study, pyrolysis and gasification of glycerol waste were studied in a laboratory scale quartz tube reactor using silicon carbide (SiC) as a bed medium. In order to improve the conversion efficiency while minimizing tar formation, nickel catalyst supported by SiC was synthesized using wet impregnation method and used in some trials. It was found during pyrolysis runs that carbon and hydrogen conversion of glycerol increased with temperature of 600–800°C in the range of 18.72–95.33% and 16.26–96.30%, respectively. When varying the air fuel ratio from 0–0.25 at 800°C, complete conversion of crude glycerol may be achieved both for pyrolysis and gasification conditions. This may be due to the dominant of steam gasification reactions from 13.56% moisture content in crude glycerol which controls the overall reactions at that high temperature. However at lower temperature of 600°C, carbon and hydrogen conversion of crude glycerol decreased to 18.72–42.23% and 16.26–35.27%, respectively. Increase in residence time from 1.3–4.0 second did not significantly affect the conversion efficiency for pyrolysis at 600°C which indicated that the kinetic of these decomposition reactions proceed at rapid rates even at the minimum hold time used in this work. Catalytic conversion of crude glycerol with 10% nickel on silicon carbide (Ni/SiC) was performed using pyrolysis condition at 600°C to obtain higher conversion efficiency. The results revealed that non-reduced and reduced catalyst, could increase the production of synthesis gas as much as 1.02 and 0.56 times when compared with non-catalytic process, respectively. It may be suggested from high energy content as well as product gas quality that using Ni/SiC catalyst is suitable for thermal conversion of waste glycerol to fuel gas that may be further utilized with minimum treatment. The obtained synthesis gas may be utilized for direct heat and power or further transformed to other alternatives fuels which help increase value and at the same time minimize the waste management requirement of this industrial waste.

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Salazar-Villalpando, Maria D., David A. Berry, Dushyant Shekhawat, Todd H. Gardner, and Ismail Celik. "Synthesis Gas by Partial Oxidation and the Role of Oxygen-Conducting Supports: A Review." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2539.

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The objective of this review is to bring together results from experimental studies to better understand issues and the role of catalyst types and supports in the conversion of hydrocarbon fuels to synthesis gas. Fuel conversion, selectivity and carbon formation as function of type of support, metal, dispersion and temperature are presented. Reaction mechanisms for syn-gas (a mixture of CO and H2) production and formation of inactive carbon are reviewed. This review resulted in two primary conclusions: 1) Catalyst supports based on oxygen-ion conductors such as doped ceria may be used to mitigate carbon formation due to their high oxygen mobility; and 2) A more detailed and comprehensive study of these systems leading to mechanistic understanding may be of significant benefit in developing low-cost, effective, and long-duration reforming catalysts for POM and possibly higher hydrocarbon fuels.

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Wang, Tianyou, Shuliang Liu, Hongjun Xu, Xing Li, Maolin Fu, Landong Li, and Naijia Guan. "Evaluation of In-Situ Synthesized Monolithic Metal-MFI/Cordierite Catalysts to Remove NOx From Lean Exhaust." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2005-1253.

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In this study, ZSM-5 zeolites were successfully in situ synthesized on the surface of honeycomb cordierite substrate and certified by XRD and SEM techniques. Strong interaction between zeolite and substrate has been found during in-situ synthesis, and hydrothermal stabilities of the zeolites was improved by entailing. The in-situ synthesized monolithic ZSM-5/cordierite showed superior thermal and hydrothermal stabilities. Cu-ZSM-5/cordierite was prepared by ion-exchange and impregnation methods were studied as catalysts for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in a lean-burn gasoline engine. Engine test results show that NOx emission was decreased by reductants of HC and CO in the exhaust gas without any other extra reducing agents. It also exhibited high activities. Using Cu-ZSM-5/cordierite, the maximum NOx conversion efficiency to N2 reached to 64% at the exhaust temperature of 400 °C and the gas hourly space velocity (GHTV) of 25 000/h. Meanwhile, the HC conversion efficiency was about 60%, while CO was little converted. Cu-ZSM-5/cordierite also showed good duration and anti-poison properties. Furthermore, the activated temperature of the Cu-ZSM-5/cordierite was decreased and the NOx conversion was increased via addition of iridium as a modifier.

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Ishikawa, K., T. Suzuki, Y. Kitamura, and S. Tobe. "Corrosion Resistance of Thermal Sprayed Titanium Coating with Resin Seal in Chloride Solution." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0203.

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Abstract Corrosion behavior of a flame sprayed titanium coating sealed by some resins was investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution by an electrochemical polarization measurement and an immersion test. The composition and structure of the sprayed film was also analyzed by SEM and EPMA. Although an as-sprayed titanium had no resistance to the corrosion because of its porosity, the sprayed titanium sealed with epoxy or silicon resin showed an excellent resistivity against the chloride corrosion. In spite that almost half amount of the titanium changed to oxide, nitride and carbide through the gas flame spraying, the conversion of the metal to the compounds had little effect to decrease the corrosion resistivity. The sprayed and sealed titanium coating obtained by a conventional onsite thermal spraying is expected as an economical material for chloride containing environments.

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Johansson, E. Magnus, K. M. Jonny Danielsson, Anders G. Ersson, and Sven G. Järås. "Development of Hexaaluminate Catalysts for Combustion of Gasified Biomass in Gas Turbines." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-338.

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There is an increasing interest in catalytic combustors fuelled by low-heating value (LHV) gases, with a LHV of 5–7 MJ/Nm3. This is because catalytic combustion could be advantageous compared to flame combustion with respect to stable combustion of LHV-gases and low conversions of fuel-N (mainly NH3) to NOx. In the present project, funded by the EU Joule Programme, catalytic combustion of gasified wood for gas turbine applications is studied. A synthetic gas mixture of H2, CO, CO2, H2O, CH4, N2 and NH3, that resembles the output from a fluidized bed gasifier using biomass as raw material, is used. The gas mixture is mixed with air at atmospheric pressure and combusted over washcoated cordierite monoliths in a bench-scale laboratory quartz-reactor. The objectives of the work described here are twofold. To begin with, improvement of the thermal stability of hexaaluminate washcoats by substitutions of rare earth or transition metal compounds is being studied. Secondly, catalytic combustion of gasified biomass over these washcoats has been studied in a bench-scale unit. In this on-going project, obtained result show that it is possible to improve the surface area of hexaaluminate compounds up to 17 m2/g after careful synthesis and calcination up to 1400 °C for four hours. The selectivity of NH3-conversion to N2 is at present at 60 percent, but varies strongly with temperature. Fuel components such as H2, CO, C2H4 and NH3 ignite at temperatures close to compressor outlet temperatures. This means that a pilot-flame may not be needed for ignition of the fuel. A comparison between a Pd-impregnated lanthanum hexaaluminate and a Mn-substituted lanthanum hexaaluminate showed that the ignition temperature and the NOx-formation varied strongly over the two different catalysts.

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