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Journal articles on the topic 'Gas chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Ebdon, Les, Mike E. Foulkes, Sophie Le Roux, and Riansares Muñoz-Olivas. "Cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry and gas chromatography-pyrolysis-atomic fluorescence spectrometry for routine determination of total and organometallic mercury in food samples." Analyst 127, no. 8 (2002): 1108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b202927h.

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2

Creaser, Colin S., and Andrew Stafford. "Combined capillary column gas chromatography-molecular fluorescence spectrometry." Analyst 112, no. 4 (1987): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9871200423.

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3

Gómez-Ariza, J. L., F. Lorenzo, T. Garcı́a-Barrera, and D. Sánchez-Rodas. "Analytical approach for routine methylmercury determination in seafood using gas chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry." Analytica Chimica Acta 511, no. 1 (May 2004): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2004.01.051.

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4

Gao, Y., S. De Galan, A. De Brauwere, W. Baeyens, and M. Leermakers. "Mercury speciation in hair by headspace injection–gas chromatography–atomic fluorescence spectrometry (methylmercury) and combustion-atomic absorption spectrometry (total Hg)." Talanta 82, no. 5 (October 15, 2010): 1919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2010.08.012.

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5

Bowles, Karl C., and Simon C. Apte. "Determination of Methylmercury in Natural Water Samples by Steam Distillation and Gas Chromatography−Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 70, no. 2 (January 1998): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac970826s.

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6

GU, Yu-Xiao, Mei MENG, Jun-Juan SHAO, Jian-Bo SHI, Bin HE, and Gui-Bin JIANG. "Determination of Methylmercury in Soil Samples with Online Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry." CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (CHINESE VERSION) 41, no. 11 (2013): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1096.2013.30546.

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7

Shi, Jian-bo, and Gui-bin Jiang. "Application of Gas Chromatography–Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Hyphenated System for Speciation of Butyltin Compounds in Water Samples." Spectroscopy Letters 44, no. 6 (September 2011): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00387010.2011.559511.

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8

Lihua, Zhang. "Detection of Urethane in Non-alcoholic Fermented Food." E3S Web of Conferences 189 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018902003.

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Among fermented foods, urethane often appears, which is a “2A” grade carcinogen. There are many types of fermented foods in my country, and the detection methods are not uniform enough, and no specific urethane detection standards have been formed. This article summarizes the specific experiments and results analysis based on previous work experience. At the same time, this article discusses six aspects from thin layer analysis, gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, two-dimensional live multidimensional gas chromatography with stable isotope labeling mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence, and nuclear magnetic resonance detection. The detection method of urethane in non-alcoholic fermented foods is introduced.

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9

Shi, Jian-Bo, Li-Na Liang, and Gui-Bin Jiang. "Simultaneous Determination of Methylmercury and Ethylmercury in Rice by Capillary Gas Chromatography Coupled On-line with Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.2.665.

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Abstract A comprehensive method for simultaneous determination of methylmercury (MeHg) and ethylmercury (EtHg) in rice by capillary gas chromatography (GC) coupled on-line with atomic fluorescence spectrometry was developed. The experimental conditions, including the pyrolyzer temperature and flow rates of the make-up gas and sheath gas, were optimized in detail. The absolute detection limits (3σ) were 0.005 ng as Hg for both MeHg and EtHg. The relative standard deviation values (n = 5) for 10 ng Hg/mL of MeHg and EtHg were 2.5 and 1.3%, respectively. The method was evaluated by analyzing 2 certified reference materials (DORM-2 and GBW08508), and the determined values of MeHg and total mercury concentrations were in good agreement with the certified values. In addition, the recoveries of MeHg and EtHg spiked into a rice sample collected from Jiangsu province in China were 86 and 77%, respectively. The proposed method was applied to analysis of MeHg and EtHg in 25 rice samples cultivated in 15 provinces of China. In all samples, MeHg was detectable and no EtHg was found. The MeHg contents in rice samples ranged from 1.9 to 10.5 ng/g, accounting for 7–44% of the total mercury measured.

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10

Cai, Yong, Rudolf Jaffé, Azaam Alli, and Ronald D. Jones. "Determination of organomercury compounds in aqueous samples by capillary gas chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry following solid-phase extraction." Analytica Chimica Acta 334, no. 3 (November 1996): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(96)00309-1.

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11

Cai, Y., S. Monsalud, and K. G. Furton. "Determination of methyl-and ethylmercury compounds using gas chromatography atomic fluorescence spectrometry following aqueous derivatization with sodium tetraphenylborate." Chromatographia 52, no. 1-2 (July 2000): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02490797.

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12

Farrington, John W., Stuart G. Wakeham, Joaquim B. Livramento, Bruce W. Tripp, and John M. Teal. "Aromatic hydrocarbons in New York Bight polychaetes: ultraviolet fluorescence analyses and gas chromatography/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses." Environmental Science & Technology 20, no. 1 (January 1986): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00143a008.

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13

Tran, Loi Duc, and Dong Van Nguyen. "Study on analytical method for methlmecury in sediment by gas chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry using Grignard reagcuts for alkylation." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i4.692.

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The analytical method for methylmercury in sediment samples was performed using an hyphenated system of gas chromatograph coupled atomic fluorescence detector (GC-AFS). Methylmercury in sediment samples was leached and extracted into dichloromethane with the assistance of HNO3, KCl and CuSO4. Dichloromethane was evaporated resulting in the relocation of MeHg to the aqueous phase. MeHg was then extracted in the form of diethyldithiocarmate complex into hexane followed by the alkylation processes with Grignard reagents, butyl magnesium chloride and ethyl magnesium chloride. The alkylation reactions were optimized with respect to the mounts of Grignard reagents, the reaction temperature and time for the best alkylation yields and least extent of trans-alkylation and degradation of the alkylated products. The alkylated MeHg compounds were analyzed by GC-AFS. The analytical method for methylmercury was validated using certified reference material ERM-CC580. The instrumental limit of detection was 1.4 pg as Hg. The method limits of detection for EtMgCl and BuMgCl were 0.18 were 0.18 ng/g and 0.19 ng/g, respectively. This method can be used to analyze MeHg in sediment samples.

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14

Cai, Yong, Sugunya Monsalud, Kenneth G. Furton, Rudolf Jaff�, and Ronald D. Jones. "Determination of methylmercury in fish and aqueous samples using solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry." Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12, no. 8-9 (August 1998): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0739(199808/09)12:8/9<565::aid-aoc762>3.0.co;2-k.

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15

Ninomiya, T., S. Nomura, K. Taniguchi, and S. Ikeda. "Quantitative Analysis of Arsenic Element in a Trace of Water Using Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry." Advances in X-ray Analysis 32 (1988): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800020474.

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Various kinds of compounds containing arsenic have been used in the world as rat poisons, agricultural chemicals and so on. In the field of semiconductor materials, AsH3 is used as a doping gas on silieon-wafer substrates and GaAs is now also investigated as a wafer substrate instead of Si wafer.As for quantitative analysis of arsenic, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) have often been used. In these methods, usually, oomplioated pretreatments such as preconcentration and separation have been needed in order to obtain reproducible values for arsenic.

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16

Niwa, T. "Phenol and p-cresol accumulated in uremic serum measured by HPLC with fluorescence detection." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.1.108.

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Abstract We developed a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method that uses fluorescence as a detector for quantifying serum phenol and p-cresol in uremic patients on hemodialysis. Identification of phenol and p-cresol was confirmed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Because the HPLC method requires only simple extraction by ethyl acetate and does not require further steps such as derivatization, it is simple and rapid compared with gas chromatography or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Concentrations of phenol and p-cresol in uremic serum were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those in normal serum. Reduction rates of phenol and p-cresol by hemodialysis were lower than those of urea and creatinine, suggesting a protein-binding property of phenol and p-cresol. This method will be useful for monitoring serum phenols in dialyzed patients as an index of hemodialysis adequacy.

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17

Ubbink, Johan B., Rhena Delport, Reiner Riezler, and WJ Hayward Vermaak. "Comparison of Three Different Plasma Homocysteine Assays with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.5.670.

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Abstract Background: Various methods are available to measure plasma total homocyst(e)ine (tHcy) concentrations, but whether plasma tHcy assays may be used interchangeably is not known. Methods: Results from three different methods [HPLC with fluorescence detection, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA)] to determine fasting (n = 163) and post-methionine load (n = 80) plasma tHcy concentrations were compared with those obtained by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Difference plots on non-transformed and log-transformed data were used to assess the agreement between HPLC and GC-MS, EIA and GC-MS, and FPIA and GC-MS. Results: The closest agreement between methods was observed between GC-MS and FPIA for fasting tHcy concentrations, with 95% of the FPIA values between 19% above and 24% below the corresponding GC-MS results. Post-methionine load tHcy concentrations measured by EIA showed the least agreement with GC-MS, with 95% of values measured by EIA ranging between 52% above and 16% below the GC-MS values. With respect to GC-MS, the above-mentioned methods showed a negative bias for fasting tHcy concentrations, but a positive bias for both immunoassays for post-methionine load tHcy concentrations. Conclusions: The agreement among methods is insufficient to allow them to be used interchangeably. The intermethod differences emphasize the need for standardization of plasma tHcy assays.

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18

Cai, Y., G. Tang, R. Jaffé, and R. Jones. "Evaluation of some Isolation Methods for Organomercury Determination in Soil and Fish Samples by Capillary Gas Chromatography—Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 68, no. 3 (November 1997): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067319708030499.

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19

Frankevich, Vladimir, Xianwen Guan, Maxim Dashtiev, and Renato Zenobi. "Laser-Induced Fluoresence of Trapped Gas-Phase Molecular Ions Generated by Internal-Source Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization in a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 11, no. 5 (October 2005): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.720.

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The combination of laser-induced fluorescence with mass spectrometry opens up new possibilities both for detection purposes and for structural studies of trapped biomolecular ions in the gas phase. However, this approach is experimentally very challenging and only a handful of studies have been reported so far. In this contribution, a novel scheme for laser-induced fluorescence measurements of ions trapped inside a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer will be introduced. It is based on an open FT-ICR cell design, continuous wave axial excitation of the fluorescence, orthogonal photon collection by fiber optics and single photon counting detection. Rhodamine 6G ions generated by an internal matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization source were used to develop and test the set-up. Due to photobleaching processes, the excitation laser power and the observation time window have to be carefully optimized. An ion tomography method was used to align the excitation laser. Potential applications for studying the gas-phase structure of fluorescent biomolecular ions and for investigating fluorescence resonance energy transfer of donor-acceptor pairs will be presented.

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20

Hou, Yongchao, Ying Li, Guannan Li, Mingfei Xu, and Yunpeng Jia. "Species Identification and Effects of Aromatic Hydrocarbons on the Fluorescence Spectra of Different Oil Samples in Seawater." Journal of Spectroscopy 2021 (March 27, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6677219.

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The identification of oil species and their characteristics in oil spills is particularly important for their efficient disposal. Since aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) with various characteristics are the major fluorescent components of oils in seawater, they can be used to detect different oil species in seawater. Here, we developed a composition method using the fluorescence spectra of eight AH categories analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate the contribution of AHs to the total fluorescence of six different oil species. Qualitative and quantitative difference analysis of the experimental and composite fluorescence spectra was performed based on the redshift of the main peak position, the fluorescence intensity distance, and the generalized included angle cosine, while correlation analysis was used to establish the relationship between the different fluorescence spectral parameters and the American Petroleum Institute gravity and viscosity of the oil species. The fluorescence spectra recorded for heavy oil samples indicated a reduction in the fluorescence signal of fluorene series and an increase in the contribution of acenaphthene and pyrene series, indicating that the currently developed composition method by fluorescence spectroscopy combined with GC-MS can be used to distinguish and identify oil species in seawater samples.

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21

Liu, Meitong, Tengpeng Liu, Jixin Liu, Xuefei Mao, Xing Na, Lan Ding, Guoying Chen, and Yongzhong Qian. "Determination of arsenic in biological samples by slurry sampling hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry usingin situdielectric barrier discharge trap." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 34, no. 3 (2019): 526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ja00374b.

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In this study, the slurry sampling hydride generation (SLS-HG) system was first coupled within situdielectric barrier discharge atomic fluorescence spectrometry (DBD-AFS) for arsenic analysis in biological samples based on the gas phase enrichment (GPE) principle.

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22

Chan, S. C., G. A. Torok-Both, D. M. Billay, P. S. Przybylski, C. Y. Gradeen, K. M. Pap, and J. Petruzelka. "Drug analysis at the 1988 Olympic Winter Games in Calgary." Clinical Chemistry 37, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 1289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.7.1289.

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Abstract A comprehensive drug testing program was carried out during the 16 days of the 1988 Olympic Winter Games in Calgary, Canada. State-of-the-art technology was applied, involving high-resolution gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, fluorescence polarization immunoassay, and radioimmunoassay. Samples from selected athletes were screened for five drug classes: stimulants, narcotic analgesics, anabolic steroids, beta-blockers, and diuretics. In addition, samples were also screened for local anesthetics, corticosteroids, beta-human choriogonadotropin, and cannabinoids. During the 16-day event, 428 urine samples were processed and 3090 screening procedures performed. We describe the methods for analysis at the Olympic Games and present the results.

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23

Dı́ez, Sergi, and Josep M. Bayona. "Determination of methylmercury in human hair by ethylation followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–cold-vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography A 963, no. 1-2 (July 2002): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00140-1.

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24

Gabriel, Hancu, Tero-Vescan Amelia, Filip Cristina, and Rusu Aura. "Capillary Electrophoresis in the Analysis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids." Acta Medica Marisiensis 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amma-2015-0103.

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AbstractThe aim of this study to inventory the main electrophoretic methods for identification and quantitative determination of fatty acids from different biological matrices. Critical analysis of electrophoretic methods reported in the literature show that the determination of polyunsaturated fatty acids can be made by: capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography using different detection systems such as ultraviolet diode array detection, laser induced fluorescence or mass – spectrometry. Capillary electrophoresis is a fast, low-cost technique used for polyunsaturated fatty acids analysis although their determination is mostly based on gas chromatography.

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25

Moldoveanu, Serban C., and Melissa Kiser. "Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry versus liquid chromatography/fluorescence detection in the analysis of phenols in mainstream cigarette smoke." Journal of Chromatography A 1141, no. 1 (February 2007): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.100.

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26

Montuori, P., E. Jover, R. Alzaga, S. Diez, and J. M. Bayona. "Improvements in the methylmercury extraction from human hair by headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas-chromatography cold-vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography A 1025, no. 1 (January 2004): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2003.07.004.

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27

Shafawi, Azman, Les Ebdon, Mike Foulkes, Peter Stockwell, and Warren Corns. "Determination of total mercury in hydrocarbons and natural gas condensate by atomic fluorescence spectrometry." Analyst 124, no. 2 (1999): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a809679a.

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28

Liu, Yu, Jie He, Chengwen Song, Ying Li, Shan Wang, Yunli Han, and Haixia Wang. "Oil Fingerprinting by Three-Dimensional (3D) Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)." Environmental Forensics 10, no. 4 (December 11, 2009): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15275920903355217.

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29

Bagheri, Habib, and Colin S. Creaser. "Determination of some two- and three-ring aromatic hydrocarbons by combined gas chromatography-fluorescence spectrometry." Analyst 113, no. 8 (1988): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9881301175.

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30

Brumley, William C., Andrew H. Grange, Virginia Kelliher, Dennis B. Patterson, Alice Montcalm, Jack Glassman, and John W. Farley. "Environmental Screening of Acidic Compounds Based on Capillary Zone Electrophoresis/Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection with Identification by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 5 (September 1, 2000): 1059–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.5.1059.

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Abstract This paper describes the application of capillary zone electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence detection (CZE/LIF) to the discovery of acidic compounds in environmental matrixes or the screening of extracts for acidic components. Published studies indicate that coal-derived materials contain a significant fraction of acidic compounds relative to materials derived from petroleum and shales. Such compounds may be useful as marker compounds for site assessment and source apportionment issues, and their identification may be important in toxicological and other health issues. We used deep-UV light from the frequency-doubled Ar ion laser at 244 and 257 nm to study extracts of samples. The CZE/LIF technique possesses good sensitivity and therefore overcomes one of the limitations of CZE with UV detection. The present work depends on high pressure/temperature solvent extraction of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PNA)-contaminated soil, followed by separation using CZE. The anionic analytes were separated by using borate or phosphate buffer (pH 9.2–12.3) after a chemical class separation. Samples were also characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using full scans at low resolution, and elemental compositions were determined unequivocally by GC/high-resolution MS (GC/HRMS) using mass peak profiling (MPP). The similarity of low-resolution electron ionization mass spectra for a standard, 1-hydroxypyrene, and for a series of compounds in a contaminated-soil extract suggested that several types of phenolic and hydroxy-PNAs were present, including hydroxylated derivatives of fluorenes, fluoranthenes, and pyrenes. GC/HRMS using MPP confirmed the elemental compositions of the hydroxyfluorenes and hydroxypyrenes (and presumably hydroxyfluoranthenes) as [C13H10O] and [C16H10O], respectively. A new version of the MPP software was written for the Finnigan-MAT 900S-Trap and was similar to that developed previously for the VG 250SE. Inclusion of a calibration ion in addition to a lock mass ion in the multiple-ion detection descriptor provided errors of <1 ppm for the 3 partial profiles of the analytes. A mass resolution of 31 000 was used to resolve the analyte signals from interferences evident in the full M+1 and M+2 profiles in the case of the hydroxyfluorenes. Derivatization was also performed to form the tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives of phenolic hydroxy groups as a further confirmation of structure.

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31

Yamazaki, Yoshie, and Takahiro Ninomiya. "Determination of Bitertanol Residues in Strawberries by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection and Confirmation by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 81, no. 6 (November 1, 1998): 1252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.6.1252.

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Abstract A simple and rapid method was developed for determining bitertanol residues in strawberries. Bitertanol was extracted from samples with ethyl acetate. Bitertanol acetate was added prior to extraction as a surrogate standard. The ethyl acetate extract was cleaned up by passing through tandem solid-phase extraction columns consisting of anion-exchange (SAX) and aminopropyl (NH2) bonded silica. The eluate was evaporated to dryness and reconstituted with methanol. Bitertanol residues were determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Recoveries at 4 fortified levels (0.05,0.25,0.5, and 1.0 (µg/g), calculated by the internal standard method, ranged from 92.1 to 99.1 %, with coefficients of variation ranging from 0.3 to 4.0%. The detection limit was 0.01 µg/g. Of 25 commercial strawberry samples analyzed for bitertanol residues, 5 contained bitertanol residues at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.51 µg/g. Positive samples were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with mass-selective detection (m/z 170 and 168).

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32

Kadlecova, Milada, Mirna Daye, and Baghdad Ouddane. "Improvement in Determination of Methylmercury in Sediments by Headspace Trap Gas Chromatography and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry after Organic Extraction and Aqueous Phase Ethylation." Analytical Letters 47, no. 4 (March 3, 2014): 697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2013.848364.

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33

Krystek, Petra, and Rob Ritsema. "Mercury speciation in thawed out and refrozen fish samples by gas chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 381, no. 2 (August 4, 2004): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2740-9.

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34

Khvostikov, Vladimir A., Svetlana S. Grazhulene, Alfred Golloch, Stefan Kirschner, and Ursula Telgheder. "Investigation of potentialities of atomic fluorescence spectrometry with a tantalum coil atomizer for gas monitoring." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 10, no. 2 (1995): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9951000161.

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35

Zedler, Łukasz, Marek Klein, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Xavier Colom, Javier Cañavate, and Krzysztof Formela. "Synergistic Effects of Bitumen Plasticization and Microwave Treatment on Short-Term Devulcanization of Ground Tire Rubber." Polymers 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111265.

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Ground tire rubber (GTR) was mechano-chemically modified with road bitumen 160/220 and subsequently treated using a microwave radiation. The combined impact of bitumen 160/220 content and microwave treatment on short-term devulcanization of GTR was studied by thermal camera, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WD-XRF), static headspace, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS), thermogravimetric analysis combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR), oscillating disc rheometer and static mechanical properties measurements. The obtained results showed that bitumen plasticizer prevents oxidation of GTR during microwave treatment and simultaneously improves processing and thermal stability of obtained reclaimed rubber.

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36

Wang, Yan, Cai Ying Li, Heng Liang Mo, Yan Zhi Sun, Yong Mei Chen, and Ping Yu Wan. "Extraction of Chemical Fingerprint in Food Industry Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1484.

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Wastewater source tracing technology is a method to find the pollution wrecker based on wastewater chemical fingerprint database. How to extract and verify the chemical fingerprints of each factory is the key technology. Here report the extraction of chemical fingerprint by taking two factories (food brewing and food processing factories) surrounding Tong Zhou North Canal (Beijing) as representatives. Firstly, the organic chemicals, anions, heavy metal ions in wastewater are detected respectively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ion chromatography (IC), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM). According to the screening principles of chemical fingerprints, the pollution and characteristic fingerprints of two factories are identified. Finally, the simulated water samples were used to test the stability and feasibility of the extracted chemical fingerprints.

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37

Guo, Shu Ying, Zheng Jia Ji, Bo Feng, and Jiang Bian. "Simultaneous Determination of Trace Antimony and Bismuth in Jilin Ginseng with Microwave Digestion Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.188.

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A robust, accurate and sensitive analytical procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of trace Antimony and Bismuth in Jilin ginseng by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The parameters were studied systematically, such as acid concentration of the reaction medium, flow rate of the carrier gas and shield gas, the atomizer of height, etc. Ascorbic acid and thiourea were used as reducer or masking agents to enhance the generation efficiency of the volatile species of Sb and Bi. In the presence of thiourea and ascorbic acid, the influences of some coexisting elements on the determination of antimony and bismuth were investigated.

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38

Salmo, Rosene, Peter T. Palmer, and Karuk Tribe. "Fast, Nondestructive, and Cost-Effective Methods to Detect Pesticide Residues: A Case Study of Several Repatriated Karuk Tribe Artifacts." Collection Forum 31, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2017): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14351/0831-4985-31.1.23.

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Abstract This study describes the use of three different nondestructive methods to determine whether or not nine artifacts belonging to the Karuk Tribe had been treated with common inorganic and organic pesticide agents. A portable X-Ray Fluorescence analyzer was used to estimate the concentrations of arsenic, mercury, and lead at two different locations on each artifact. Black beads on a necklace were found to contain 2.1% lead and 0.23% arsenic, which can be attributed to the natural composition of the beads. Leather on a drum mallet was found to contain 0.49% lead and 0.10% arsenic, which were due to the pigments used to decorate this item. Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry analysis of swab samples taken from the surfaces of an elk horn, bow, and musical drum showed nondetectable levels of arsenic and lead. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry analysis of a second set of swab samples taken from the surface of each artifact showed nondetectable levels of p-dichlorobenzene, naphthalene, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and other common organic pesticides. These results suggest that these artifacts were not treated with pesticides for preservation purposes, and hence they can be handled, worn, and used as intended.

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Wei, Qiang, Xianqing Li, Kexin Sun, Guangwu Zhang, Wanle Liang, Songbao Feng, and Zhongyao Xiao. "Hydrocarbon geochemistry and charging history of the deep tight sandstone reservoirs in the Dabei Gas Field, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, NW China." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 6 (May 13, 2020): 2325–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720919808.

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The geochemical feature and evolutionary history of hydrocarbons from the deep Cretaceous Bashijiqike (K1 bs) Formation tight sandstone reservoir in the Dabei Gas Field, Kuqa Depression were investigated using gas chromatography, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, inclusions petrography and micro-thermometry, laser Raman spectroscopy, and quantitative grain fluorescence. The result indicates that natural gases from the deep sandstone reservoir are mainly composed of alkanes and belong to dry gases, of which methane accounts for 94.30–97.20% (avg. 95.64%), and ethane is 1.23–2.45% (avg. 1.95%). The stable carbon isotopic value of methane and ethane is −31.9‰ to −29.3‰ (avg. −30.3‰) and −24.2‰ to −19.4‰ (avg. −21.7‰), respectively, and this reflects the features of high-mature coal-derived gases. In addition, natural gases in the Dabei Gas Field have characteristics of coal-derived gases which were sourced from Jurassic coal measures. Oils in the Dabei Gas Field predominately originated from Triassic Huangshanjie (T3 h) Formation mudstones with some contributions from Jurassic coaly rocks. Petrological and micro-thermometry results of fluid inclusions suggest that the K1 bs Formation tight sandstone reservoirs have experienced two phases of hydrocarbons charge histories, namely “early oil and later gas.” The quantitative grain fluorescence analysis indicated that sandstone samples with quantitative grain fluorescence index value >5 and quantitative grain fluorescence-extraction intensity >40 pc in Wells DB101 and DB2 can be used as indicators for the paleo oil layers or the migration channels of later charged natural gas. The aforementioned analyses and burial and thermal histories of K1 bs sandstone reservoir demonstrated that oil charged at 10 Ma and natural gas charged at approximately 3 Ma in the study area. Furthermore, paleo-tectonic evolution enabled source rocks to mature and expel hydrocarbons, and the structurally related faults and traps provided pathways and places for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.

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Imasaka, Totaro, D. S. Moore, and T. Vo-Dinh. "Critical assessment: Use of supersonic jet spectrometry for complex mixture analysis (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 7 (January 1, 2003): 975–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375070975.

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When cooled to a temperature of a few K using supersonic jet expansion into a vacuum, a molecule exists in the lowest vibrational level of the ground electronic state and is isolated at collision-free conditions. The absorption or excitation/fluorescence spectrum is then greatly simplified, when transitions occur from this single vibrational level to a limited number of vibrational levels in the excited electronic state. This method, called supersonic jet spectrometry, is a powerful analytical technique because of its high selectivity, since the chemical species can be accurately identified and selectively quantified using the sharp spectral features even for large molecules. Supersonic jet spectrometry has distinct advantages over other low-temperature spectrometries,in that it can be combined with gas-phase separation and detection techniques such as chromatography or mass spectrometry. Therefore, this spectrometric technique can be used as a versatile analytical means, not only for basic research on pure substances, but also for practical trace analysis of chemical species in multicomponent samples (e.g., in biological monitoring or in environmental monitoring).

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Živković, Igor, Vesna Fajon, Delali Tulasi, Kristina Obu Vazner, and Milena Horvat. "Optimization and measurement uncertainty estimation of hydride generation–cryogenic trapping–gas chromatography–cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of methylmercury in seawater." Marine Chemistry 193 (July 2017): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.03.003.

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Kosicka, Katarzyna, Anna Siemiątkowska, Agata Szpera-Goździewicz, Mariola Krzyścin, Grzegorz Bręborowicz, and Franciszek Główka. "High-performance liquid chromatography methods for the analysis of endogenous cortisol and cortisone in human urine: comparison of mass spectrometry and fluorescence detection." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 56, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563218783789.

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Background The analysis of steroids in biological matrices is challenging. One can apply immunoassay as well as gas and liquid chromatography with various types of detection, depending on the available equipment and the experience of the analyst. The question is how the methods are interchangeable between themselves. Doubts were reported having compared immunoassays and chromatography-mass spectrometry, but there are scarce data on chromatographic methods with detection types other than mass spectrometry. Methods Here, we present the detailed comparison of two liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of free urinary cortisol and cortisone: one with fluorescence detection (high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC-FLD]) and the other with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The comparison was made with 199 human urine samples. The data analysis included Passing–Bablok and Deming regression, Bland–Altman test, Wilcoxon test, mountain plot and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient. Results The validation data indicated that both methods met the requirements of the European Medicines Agency. However, the statistical analysis revealed the systematic bias between the two assays. The Passing–Bablok and the Deming tests showed that the HPLC-FLD method overestimated results for cortisol and underestimated measurements for cortisone. The Bland–Altman analysis estimated the mean differences between the methods: 18.8 nmol/L for cortisol and −16.9 nmol/L for cortisone measurement. Conclusions Both methods’ results led to the same conclusion in observational studies, but the techniques are not interchangeable. The literature data, the observations from the clinical setting and our experience clearly indicate that the future of steroid measurements will belong to chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.

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Park, Sung-Kug, Cheong Tae Kim, Joo-Won Lee, Ok Hwa Jhee, Ae Seon Om, Ju Seop Kang, and Tae Wha Moon. "Analysis of ethyl carbamate in Korean soy sauce using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection or tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry." Food Control 18, no. 8 (August 2007): 975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2006.05.013.

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Kamiya, Yoshimi, Takayuki Honda, Atsushi Ohbuchi, and Tetsuo Miyakoshi. "Simultaneous Organic and Inorganic Analysis of Colored Oriental Lacquerware by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry." International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/725467.

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Organic analysis and inorganic analysis are generally based on different physical principles, and for this reason it is difficult to analyze resins and pigments simultaneously. For these reasons, we have performed Py-GC/MS measurements of red-, yellow-, and green-colored lacquer films applied to lacquerware items to assess the feasibility of simultaneously detecting resin ingredients together with certain pigments. We have also compared our findings to the results of SEM-EDS, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) measurements. XRD analysis yielded molecular-level information (information on binding states) regarding mercury (Hg) and iron (Fe); however, the information obtained for arsenic (As) and sulfur (S) was insufficient. In contrast, Py-GC/MS analyses simultaneously yielded molecular-level information on arsenic (As) and sulfur (S) together with detection of the primary ingredients of the lacquer. For this reason, it shows that several pieces of information is provided easily and quickly when the colored lacquer cultural heritage is measured using the Py-GC/MS method.

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Bagheri, H., and C. S. Creaser. "Determination of carbaryl and 1-naphthol in english apples and strawberries by combined gas chromatography-fluorescence spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography A 547 (June 1991): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88658-1.

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Lansens, Patrick, Carine Meuleman, Carmela Casais Laiño, and Willy Baeyens. "Comparative study of microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry as gas-chromatographic detectors for the determination of methylmercury in biological samples." Applied Organometallic Chemistry 7, no. 1 (February 1993): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590070105.

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Weiss, George, and Alexander Macdonald. "Methods for Determination of Ionophore-Type Antibiotic Residues in Animal Tissues." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 5 (September 1, 1985): 971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.5.971.

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Abstract Methods for the analysis of polyether antibiotics in animal tissues and fluids are described. For monensin and nigericin, only methods based on bioautography are available. For lasalocid, in addition to TLC bioautography for quantitation in chicken skin and fat, LC methods based on fluorescence detection have been developed for quantitation in animal blood, milk, liver, skin, and fat. In addition, a confirmatory method for lasalocid is described; this is based on purification by LC followed by silylation and pyrolysis gas chromatography-positive chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

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Pascale, Michelangelo. "Detection methods for mycotoxins in cereal grains and cereal products." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 117 (2009): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0917015p.

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Analytical methods for mycotoxins in cereals and cereal-based products require three major steps, including extraction, clean-up (to eliminate interferences from the extract and concentrate the analyte), and detection/determination of the toxin (by using suitable analytical instruments/technologies). Clean-up is essential for the analysis of mycotoxins at trace levels, and involves the use of solid phase extraction and multifunctional (e.g. MycoSep?) or immunoaffinity columns. Different chromatographic methods are commonly used for quantitative determination of mycotoxins, including gas-chromatography (GC) coupled with electron capture, flame ionization or mass spectrometry (MS) detectors (mainly for type-A trichothecenes), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet, diode array, fluorescence or MS detectors. The choice of method depends on the matrix and the mycotoxin to be analyzed. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is spreading rapidly as a promising technique for simultaneous screening, identification and quantitative determination of a large number of mycotoxins. In addition, commercial immunometric assays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), are frequently used for screening purposes as well. Recently, a variety of emerging methods have been proposed for the analysis of mycotoxins in cereals based on novel technologies, including immunochromatography (i.e. lateral flow devices), fluorescence polarization immunoassays (FPIA), infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and optical biosensors.

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Grossherr, Martin, Andreas Hengstenberg, Torsten Meier, Leif Dibbelt, Klaus Gerlach, and Hartmut Gehring. "Discontinuous Monitoring of Propofol Concentrations in Expired Alveolar Gas and in Arterial and Venous Plasma during Artificial Ventilation." Anesthesiology 104, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200604000-00024.

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Background Analyzing propofol concentration in expired alveolar gas (cPA) may be considered as a convenient, noninvasive method to follow the propofol concentration in plasma (cPPL). In the current study, the authors established procedures to measure cPA and cPPL for the assessment of their relation in two animal models during anesthesia. Methods Expired alveolar gas and mixed venous and arterial blood were simultaneously sampled during continuous application of propofol for general anesthesia to three goats and three pigs. Propofol infusion rates were varied to modify plasma concentrations. cPA, sampled cumulatively over several respiratory cycles, was quantified by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. cPPL was determined using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Results cPA ranged from 0 to 1.4 and from 0 to 22 parts per billion in goats and pigs, respectively, at cPPL of 0-8 microg/ml. The relation between cPA and cPPL was linear; however, the slopes of the regression lines varied between animals. Conclusion Propofol can be quantified in expired alveolar gas. The results stress the role of marked species-specific variability.

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Wise, Stephen A., Laurence R. Hilpert, Gary D. Byrd, and Willie E. May. "Comparison of Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples." Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 1, no. 1-2 (February 1990): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406639008034751.

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