Journal articles: 'Gas build-up'

1

Lindley, David. "Lab death blamed on gas build-up." Nature 357, no. 6380 (June 1992): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/357620b0.

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Ivings, M. J., S. E. Gant, C. J. Saunders, and D. J. Pocock. "Flammable gas cloud build up in a ventilated enclosure." Journal of Hazardous Materials 184, no. 1-3 (December 2010): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.020.

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3

Asad, Usman, and Jimi Tjong. "Transient Build-up and Effectiveness of Diesel Exhaust Gas Recirculation." SAE International Journal of Engines 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1092.

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Jodica, Jodica, Onnie Ridaliani, and Ghanima Yasmaniar. "ANALISIS PRESSURE BUILD-UP RESERVOIR GAS KONDENSAT DALAM FORMASI KARBONAT." PETRO:Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Perminyakan 8, no. 4 (January 1, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/petro.v8i4.6207.

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Different flow region will form in the reservoir when the gas condensate fluid flows with a bottom hole pressure below the dew point pressure. This flow region can be identified by the pressure build-up test analysis. This analysis can be done well on reservoir with homogeneous system and becomes more complex on reservoir with heterogeneous system. The purpose of this study is to find informations and characteristics about carbonate reservoir with gas condensate. Reservoir parameters that can be obtained are initial reservoir pressure (pi), permeability (k), skin factor (s), reservoir boundary (boundary), drainage area, and average reservoir pressure ( pr ). "JD-1" exploratory well penetrated the carbonate formation with the gas condensate hydrocarbon content. The well test analysis conducted is pressure analysis with pressure build-up testing and theanalysis results show a reservoir with a two-layer model, permeability value of 154 md, skin 13.8, initial pressure 3286.3 psia, and average reservoir pressure of 3285.7 psia.

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Arita, Kiyoshi, and Tanemasa Asano. "Gas Species Dependent Charge Build-Up in Reactive Ion Etching." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 35, Part 1, No. 12B (December 30, 1996): 6534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.35.6534.

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6

Karnaukhov, M. L., M. Maregatti, Sh Z. Mirboboev, and L. V. Kravchenko. "PHASE BEHAVIOR OF GAS-CONDENSATE FLUIDS DURING WELL TESTING." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2015-3-60-66.

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Hydrodynamic studies in gas-condensate wells allow determining the features of fluids flow in the gas condensate reservoir by build-up curves. A variation in the shape of the build-up curve may reflect a behavior of fluids in the reservoir, that is the nature of the fluids motion in porous media. The possibility of identification of characteristics of the combined liquid and gas filtration zone by build-up curves, as well as the radius of the zone of gas-condensate blockage is shown. Based on the examples of the log-log build-up graph in Venezuelan and Russian fields the exis-tence of the characteristic shape part on the build-up curves was demonstrated, evidencing the retrograde processes occurring in the reservoir.

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7

Grattoni, C. A., R. I. Hawes, and R. A. Dawe. "Production of gas from waterflood residual oil: gas saturation build-up and relative permeabilities." Petroleum Geoscience 7, no. 2 (June 2001): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo.7.2.131.

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Abdalla, Ayman M., Tayseer I. Al-Naggar, and Aishah M. Bashiri. "Radon gas build up using alpha scintillation cell: Experimentally and theoretically." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 175 (September 2021): 109796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109796.

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9

Santoso, R. K., S. D. Rahmawati, A. Gadesa, and D. Wahyuningrum. "Scale Build-Up Prediction of FeS and FeCO3in Gas Production Pipes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 877 (July 2017): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/877/1/012029.

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10

Danko, M. Yu, I. M. Indrupskiy, and E. V. Shanin. "Analysis of the Pressure Build Up Taking into Account Nonequilibrium Gas Dissolution." Oil and Gas Technologies 130, no. 5 (2020): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/1815-2600-2020-130-5-47-54.

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The article discusses practical issues of modeling the reverse dissolution of gas released from oil, taking into account the nonequilibrium phase transition. An approximate method has been developed for taking into account the nonequilibrium gas dissolution process based on standard reservoir flow simulators without the corresponding option. The developed methodology was tested on the example of pressure build up (PBU) taken on a real field. The possibility of determining the characteristic relaxation time from the PBU is demonstrated in the framework of relaxation models for nonequilibrium phase transitions. The effect of nonequilibrium phase transitions on the dynamics of pressure recovery is determined. Well testing design is proposed that makes it possible to detect nonequilibrium gas dissolution and determine the necessary parameters for its consideration in flow simulations.

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11

Matos, J. S., and E. R. de Sousa. "The Forecasting of Hydrogen Sulphide Gas Build-Up in Sewerage Collection Systems." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 3-4 (August 1, 1992): 915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0472.

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The presence of hydrogen sulphide gas in sewerage collection systems is a common source of odour nuisance, corrosion of sewers and toxic atmospheres. The hydrogen sulphide build-up in the sewer air may be related to sulphide concentrations in the flowing sewage and with other factors, such as turbulence, aerodynamic conditions of the ventilating air now and roughness of the unsubmerged surfaces. In the present work, a mathematical model is presented for forecasting hydrogen sulphide gas build-up along gravity sewers, which is based on the analysis of a differential mass balance equation applied to a sewer reach. Good correlation was obtained, comparing the results of the model with experimental information collected in the Funchal main trunk sewer. Funchal city is the capital of Madeira, a Portuguese island in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, and its main trunk sewer was put into operation at the beginning of 1980.

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12

Mi, Teng Ge, Ying Zhao, Chang Qing Dong, and Wei Liang Cheng. "An Experiment on Solid Circulation Characteristics of a Dual Circulating ﬂuidized Bed Based on Biomaterial Properties and Mechanics Properties." Advanced Materials Research 600 (November 2012): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.600.261.

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In this paper, a dual fluidized bed has been established. The effect of bed material build-up height and gas velocity on the solid circulation rate of CFB (circulating fluidized bed) and BFB (bubble fluidized bed) has been studied. The results show that the solid circulation rate is increased with the increasing of gas velocity Uc and the bed material build-up height. Bed material build-up height of BFB and CFB is changed with the changing of gas velocity Uc. The bed material heights of CFB and BFB have been also investigated in this experiment.

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13

Shitarev, I. L., V. G. Smelov, and A. V. Sotov. "Repair of a Gas Turbine Blade Tip by Impulse Laser Build-Up Welding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 682 (October 2014): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.682.96.

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This article deals with the repair process of a gas turbine blade tip by impulse laser build-up welding, optimization algorithm for the technological process is proposed and macro-and micrograph of the investigated surface was made.

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14

Indrupskiy, I. M., K. D. Basova, and T. N. Tsagan-Mandjiev. "Simulation of Pressure Build-Up in Oil Wells with Non-Equilibrium Gas Dissolution." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1730, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 012113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1730/1/012113.

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15

Lee, Kyoung Hee, Eui Hwan Song, Jin Young Lee, Bok Hwan Jung, and Hong S. Lim. "Mechanism of gas build-up in a Li-ion cell at elevated temperature." Journal of Power Sources 132, no. 1-2 (May 2004): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.01.042.

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16

Baram, J. C., M. K. Veistinen, E. J. Lavernia, M. Abinante, and N. J. Grant. "Pressure build-up at the metal delivery tube orifice in ultrasonic gas atomization." Journal of Materials Science 23, no. 7 (July 1988): 2457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01111903.

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17

Lowesmith, B. J., G. Hankinson, C. Spataru, and M. Stobbart. "Gas build-up in a domestic property following releases of methane/hydrogen mixtures." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34, no. 14 (July 2009): 5932–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.01.060.

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18

Karnaukhov, M. L., M. Maregatti, S. Z. Mirboboev, and D. A. Galios. "DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF HYDRODYNAMIC INVESTIGATION OF GAS-CONDENSATE WELLS." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2015-2-51-56.

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An equation is proposed for constructing a theoretical pressure build-up curve, which takes into account the effect of the well storage capacity, skin effect and presence of condensate in the bottomhole zone. A method was developed to determine the pressure variation during the gas-condensate well inflow and pressure build-up test, that reflects the effects of condensate dropout and retrograde transition to the gaseous phase.

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19

Zejnal'-Abidin, M. D., S. K. Sohoshko, A. V. Sarancha, and N. P. Kocherga. "FEATURES INTERPRETATIONS OF HORIZONTAL OIL WELL BUILD-UP TEST IN OIL AND GAS RESERVOIRS." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 5 (October 30, 2015): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2015-5-45-47.

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The article describes the features of well test interpretation in horizontal oil wells in the development of oil and gas reservoirs. The results obtained provided a method of estimating the vertical permeability and the anisotropy coefficient according well testing of horizontal oil wells.

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20

Oetomo, Hari Karyadi. "Analisis Tekanan Transien dan Deliberabilitas Gas untuk Penentuan Cadangan Gas di Tempat pada Reservoir Tertutup." PETRO:Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Perminyakan 10, no. 3 (November 29, 2021): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/petro.v10i3.10807.

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Uji tekanan transien sumur adalah sarana untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang deskripsi dan perilaku aliran suatu reservoar. Sumur eksplorasi gas diuji dengan lima set uji deliveribilitas gas, dan diakhiri oleh penutupan sumur untuk uji pressure build-up. Dalam analisis uji pressure build-up digunakan metode pseudo pressure untuk analisis pressure derivative type curve. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa permeabilitas reservoir sangat tinggi yaitu 1.7 Darcy. Analisis ini juga menunjukkan bahwa reservoar memiliki empat batas yang berjarak 4627 kaki, 423 kaki, 2859 kaki, dan 55 kaki dari sumur. Batas reservoar ini dapat digunakan untuk menghitung cadangan gas di tempat. Sementara itu data uji deliveribilitas gas dapat digunakan untuk menghitung cadangan gas di tempat dengan menggunakan metode Gp versus P/Z. Peta geologi pada lapangan ini juga dapat digunakan untuk menghitung cadangan gas di tempat. Dari ketiga meode ini, besarnya cadangan gas di tempat adalah antara 726 MMSCFD hingga 899 MMSCF.

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21

Talebong, Iryanto, Lestari, and Djunaedi. "ANALISA PENGARUH FAKTOR TURBULEN TERHADAP NILAI SKIN PADA HASIL PRESSURE BUILD UP TEST SUMUR R." PETRO:Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Perminyakan 11, no. 2 (October 11, 2022): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/petro.v11i2.14064.

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Adanya aliran turbulen atau lebih sering dikenal sebagai aliran Non-Darcy ini merupakan salah satu keadaan yang menyebabkan profil kelakuan aliran yang unik di reservoir. Hukum Darcy yang selama ini sering kita gunakan mengasumsikan bahwa aliran yang terjadi di media berpori merupakan aliran laminer, sehingga dengan adanya aliran turbulen pada reservoir, penggunaan hukum Darcy menjadi tidak akurat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Non Darcy yang dilakukan secara manual. Data-data yang diperlukan meliputi data tekanan (Pws) dan waktu (∆t), data karakteristik reservoir sumur R meliputi data porositas (ø), viskostas gas (µg), gas gravity (Yg), faktor volume formasi gas (Bg), total kompresibilitas (Ct), ketebalan formasi (h), well radius (rw), dan data penunjang seperti laju alir (Qg), dan Durasi Pressure build up test (PBU) (tp). Penelitian ini akan mengevaluasi pengaruh nilai faktor turbulent terhadap nilai skin dan sekaligus membandingan nilai skin pada metode Non darcy secara manual dengan Metode Darcy dengan menggunakan bantuan software. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode Non Darcy dan metode Darcy didapatkan hasil untuk matode Non Darcy secara manual yaitu nilai skin sebesar -1,627 dengan faktor turbulensi sebesar 0,0000004202 sedangkan, untuk metode Darcy dengan mengunakan bantuan software didapatkan nilai skin sebesar -1,6.

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22

Hejtmánek, Vladimír, Pavel Čapek, Olga Šolcová, and Petr Schneider. "Dynamics of pressure build-up accompanying multicomponent gas transport in porous solids: inert gases." Chemical Engineering Journal 70, no. 3 (September 1998): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1385-8947(98)00095-3.

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23

Hejtmánek, Vladimı́r, Pavel Čapek, Olga Šolcová, and Petr Schneider. "Dynamics of pressure build-up accompanying multicomponent gas transport in porous solids: adsorbable gases." Chemical Engineering Journal 74, no. 3 (July 1999): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1385-8947(99)00078-9.

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24

Kalinchak, V. V., O. C. Chernenko, M. V. Sikorskyi, O. N. Sofronkov, and A. V. Fedorenko. "Cool Air-Gas Mixtures with Combustible Gas Admixtures Steady Flameless Combustion Delay Time on Platinum Particle (Wire)." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 19, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.19.1.53-59.

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The proposed work shows analytical way to find a build-up time (induction period) for a mode of steady flameless catalytic combustion on metallic wire for cool air-gas mixtures with combustible gaseous admixtures using as an example flameless combustion of air-gas mixtures with hydrogen admixture of a platinum wire. Steady flameless combustion is observable after an induction period due to increase of initial catalyst temperature exceeding critical point of ignition which depends on particle diameter and combustible gaseous admixture content. Total time of build-up time is split into two stages, being the time of catalytic reaction proceeding in transient and diffusion stages, respectively. Effects of combustible gas ratio, catalyst wire diameter and excess of initial temperature compared with point of ignition upon particular stages duration and induction period are illustrated.

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25

Ristawati, Arinda, Mulia Ginting, and Muhammad emil Isnan. "ANALYSIS PRESSURE BUILD-UP TEST PADA SUMUR “ASR-06” DENGAN METODE HORNER DAN PRESSURE DERIVATIVE." PETRO:Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Perminyakan 9, no. 4 (December 3, 2020): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/petro.v9i4.8250.

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Analisis Pressure Build Up pada sumur “ASR-06” dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fluida di reservoir. Analisis ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tekanan yang berada pada reservoir. Hasil uji tes kemudian dianalisis menggunakan pressure derivative dan horner plot. Dari hasil analisis ini dapat diketahui bahwa sumur “ASR-06” mengalami penurunan kompresibilitas fluida sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya penyimpangan pada pembacaaan kurva pressure derivative pada early time region. Hal ini dapat terjadi dikarenakan adanya fluida gas dan fluida liquid yang mengalir secara bersamaan. kedalam tubing dan mengakibatkan berkurangnya ruangan untuk fluida gas untuk mengalir didalam ruang tertutup. Fenomena changing wellbore storage akan mengakibatkan anomali pembacaan tekanan lubang sumur menjadi lebih tinggi daripada tekanan formasi pada waktu awal. Pada hasil pembacaan pressure build-up dengan metode pressure derivative didapatkan nilai skin dan permebabilitas yaitu 2.15 mD dan 4.75. Pada metode horner juga dilakukan perhitungan untuk mengkalkulasikan nilai permeabilitas dan skin yang dilakukan pada middle time region dengan hasil 2.18 mD untuk permeabilitas dan +3.80 untuk nilai Skin.

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Ginting, Mulia, Arinda Ristawati, and Agus Heriyanto. "ANALISIS PRESSURE BUILD UP TEST PADA SUMUR X- 11 LAPANGAN J." PETRO:Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Perminyakan 8, no. 4 (January 1, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/petro.v8i4.6210.

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Sumur X-11 merupakan sumur gas yang terindikasi terdapat skin disekitar lubang perforasi, sehingga pada sumur X-11 dilakukan acidizing. Untuk mengetahui acidizing yang dilakukan berhasil atau tidak, maka dilakukan uji sumur. Uji sumur yang dilakukan adalah uji pressure build up dengan menggunakan metode Pressure Derivative dan Horner Plot. Selain itu dilakukan analisis uji deliverabilitas dengan menggunakan metode isochronal test,. Uji deliverabilitas dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan suatu sumur untuk berproduksi (AOFP). Hasil uji pressure build up test pada sumur X – 11 didapatkan nilai permeabilitas, faktor skin, radius of investigation dan flow efficiency sebesar 9,868 mD, 0, 554,77 ft, dan 1,34. Hasil uji deliverabilitas sumur X-11 didapatkan nilai Absolute Open Flow Potential (AOFP) sebesar 327227 Mscf/D. Nilai skin yang negatif menunjukkan bahwa acidizing yang dilakukan pada sumur X-11 berjalan dengan baik.

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27

NINOMIYA, Yoshihiko, Lian ZHANG, and Atsushi SATO. "Analysis of Coal Ash Build up on Ceramic Filters in a Hot Gas Filtration System." Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 84, no. 4 (2005): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.84.359.

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28

Kaupp, Gerd. "Atomic Force Microscopy in Organic Gas/Solid Reactions: How Do the New Phases Build Up?" Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 211, no. 1 (January 1992): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259208025800.

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29

H. McQueen, Rachel, James J. Harynuk, Wendy V. Wismer, Monika Keelan, Yin Xu, and A. Paulina de la Mata. "Axillary odour build-up in knit fabrics following multiple use cycles." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 26, no. 4 (July 29, 2014): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-05-2013-0064.

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Purpose – Fibre content can influence the intensity of odour that develops within clothing fabrics. However, little is known about how effective laundering is at removing malodours in clothing which differ by fibre type. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether a selected cotton fabric differed in odour intensity following multiple wear and wash cycles compared to a polyester fabric. Design/methodology/approach – Eight (male and female) participants wore bisymmetrical cotton/polyester t-shirts during 20 exercise sessions over a ten-week trial period. Odour was evaluated via a sensory panel, bacterial populations were counted and selected odorous volatile organic compounds were measured with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection. Analysis occurred both before and after the final (20th) wash cycle. Findings – Findings showed that laundering was effective in reducing overall odour intensity (p0.001) and bacterial populations (p0.001) in both cotton and polyester fabrics. Odour was most intense on polyester fabrics following wear, not just before, but also after washing (p0.001); although, no differences in bacterial counts were found between fibre types (p>0.05). Chemical analysis found C4-C8 chained carboxylic acids on both types of unwashed fabrics, although they were more prevalent on polyester. Originality/value – The findings suggest that the build-up of odour in polyester fabrics may be cumulative as important odorants such as the carboxylic acids were not as effectively removed from polyester compared to cotton.

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Kozyrev, N. A., A. A. Usol’tsev, A. N. Prudnikov, R. E. Kryukov, and A. R. Mikhno. "Study of properties of cored wire based on ferrochrome gas-cleaning dust." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-365-372.

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Applying of wear-resistant alloyed coatings by build-up welding is one of methods to provide high operation properties of technological, metallurgical in particular equipment. Technologies of strengthening by direct alloying or reducing of alloying materials from oxide phases by reducing agent directly in the arc during building-up are most efficient ones. For build-up, cored wires are used frequently nowadays. A possibility to manufacture cored wires based on ferrochrome production gas-cleaning dust and powders of silicon, aluminum, and aluminum production gas-cleaning dust as reducing agents considered. Chemical composition and relation between cored wires components quoted. Manufacturing of 5 mm diameter wire accomplished at laboratory facility by running through draw plate. Duringestimation of efficiency of the manufactured cored wires application a regime of build-up was selected, study of chemical composition of built-up metal carried-out, wearing tests made, measuring of built-up samples hardness carried-out. Coefficients of chrome recovery coefficient at different relation between filling materials were calculated. Statistical processing of the study results accomplished statistical dependences of components content influence onthe built-up layer properties plotted. Study of the built-up showed, that chrome recovery in the built-up layer depends completely on the cored wire filling coefficient. At that under other conditions being equal, the hardness always correlates with the wear, and increase of chrome concentration results in reduction of the surface wear. Dependents of mass share elements comprising the cored wire content on built-up layer hardness and its wear resistance determined. The dependences obtained can be used for forecasting of builtup layer hardness and its wear resistance while built-up metal chemical composition varying.

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Brandauer, M., A. Schulz, and S. Wittig. "Mechanisms of Coke Formation in Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816587.

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New gas turbine combustor designs are developed to reduce pollutant and NOx emissions. In these new combustors, the formation of carbonaceous deposits, especially in prevaporizers, affects the reliability and effectiveness of operation. To avoid deposits, a detailed knowledge of the origins and mechanisms of formation is required. To obtain a deeper insight, the phenomena were studied systematically. The deposits under consideration show differing characteristics suggesting more than one formation mechanism in the combustor. Consequently, the primary goal was to identify the formation mechanisms and, subsequently, to simulate the mechanisms under well-defined conditions in bench tests for determining the relevant parameters of deposit build-up. The mechanisms of formation were identified based on the properties of the deposits in the combustion chamber. In order to characterize the deposits, physical and chemical analysis techniques were utilized. In summary, tests and numerical predictions identified two major paths of formation: a deposit build-up resulting from flame products such as soot or coked droplets and a deposit build-up resulting from liquid fuel impinging the wall accompanied with chemical reactions at the wall. The deposits caused by fuel droplet impingement were intensively studied in bench tests. In analyzing the processes, the influence of wall temperature, fuel composition, and the oxygen content in the environment is shown in detail. In addition, the importance of thermal instabilities of the fuel, previously studied under fuel supply system conditions, is demonstrated for a deposit formation inside a combustion chamber.

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Sawicki, Marcin. "The build-up of mass in UV-selected sub-L* Galaxies at z~2." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S277 (December 2010): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311022952.

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AbstractBroadband spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting is used to study a deep sample of UV-selected sub-L* galaxies at z~2. They are found to be less dusty than L* galaxies, and to contribute more mass to the cosmic mass budget at this epoch than is inferred from shallower high-z surveys. Additionally, SFRs are found to be proportional to stellar masses over three orders of magnitude in mass; this phenomenon can be explained by assuming that new stars form out of gas that co-accretes along with dark matter onto the galaxies' dark matter halos, a scenario that naturally leads to SFRs that gradually increase with time.

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Won, S. G., W. S. Cho, J. E. Lee, K. H. Park, and C. S. Ra. "Data Build-up for the Construction of Korean Specific Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory in Livestock Categories." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 27, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2013.13401.

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34

Song, Di, and Poupak Mehrani. "Mechanism of particle build-up on gas-solid fluidization column wall due to electrostatic charge generation." Powder Technology 316 (July 2017): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.031.

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35

NINOMIYA, Yoshihiko, Yuji TSUGE, Lian ZHANG, and Atsushi SATO. "Sintering Behavior of Coal Ash Build up on Ceramic Filters in a Hot Gas Filtration System." Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 84, no. 9 (2005): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.84.767.

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36

Cleaver, R. P., M. R. Marshal, and P. F. Linden. "The build-up of concentration within a single enclosed volume following a release of natural gas." Journal of Hazardous Materials 36, no. 3 (March 1994): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(94)85016-x.

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37

Matos, J. S., and C. M. Aires. "Mathematical modelling of sulphides and hydrogen sulphide gas build-up in the Costa do Estoril sewerage system." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 7 (April 1, 1995): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0241.

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The Costa do Estoril sewerage system is one of the largest separate systems ever built in Portugal. Because of the quality of the environment in the region and the high level of touristic use, special care was given, in its design, to sulphide calculations. This paper describes the application to the Costa do Estoril sewerage system of an integrated computer model for forecasting sulphides and hydrogen sulphide gas build-up along sewer atmospheres. The empirical sulphide prediction equations have been calibrated with experimental results obtained under a research project carried out in a gravity tributary and in a rising main located near the Costa do Estoril zone. The hydrogen sulphide gas concentrations along the main trunk line have been predicted according to an mathematical model described by Matos and Sousa. The results of the model have been considered to be adequate for identifying critical reaches and for predicting the effects of corrective and preventive measures on the overall behaviour of the system.

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Darmawan, Ganesha R. "Securing Annulus Abnormal Pressure Build-up (APB) with Polymer Plug; a Case Study." Journal of Petroleum and Geothermal Technology 1, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/jpgt.v1i2.3825.

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The life cycle of a production well was facing challenges related to well integrity issue where A-Annulus pressure tracking the tubing pressure and increased repeatedly above the Maximum Allowable Wellhead Operating Pressure (MAWOP). Several well control operations were executed to reduce A-Annulus abnormal pressure build-up (APB) with no success.Literature and well historical studies were performed in order to secure this well, normal bleed and lube was ruled out owing to several attempts already performed for more than a year, but the APB keep on appearing after 2-4 months. Bullheading is not a viable option to kill the well. Well securing planned and prepared with some options such as, mechanical barriers/plugs, cement plug or polymer plugs as temporary plug to avoid APB re-occurrence. There were some constrains in operation planning that need to be addressed carefully, with additional challenge of tight injectivity as if it was a closed system.The polymer plug successfully stops the gas migration to surface, and secured the well from any reoccurrences of APB. The details of well control histories, operation design and planning and operation execution with the complete results and evaluation will be presented in this paper.

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Tacchella, Sandro, C. Marcella Carollo, Avishai Dekel, Natascha Förster Schreiber, and Alvio Renzini. "The build-up of the outskirts of distant star-forming galaxies at z ~ 2." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S321 (March 2016): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316011753.

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AbstractIn order to constrain – and understand – the growth of galaxies, we present a sample of ~ 30 galaxies at z ~ 2 with resolved distribution of stellar mass, star-formation rate, and dust attenuation on scales of ~ 1 kpc. We find that low- and intermediate-mass galaxies grow self-similarly, doubling their stellar mass in the centers and outskirts with the same pace. More massive galaxies (~ 1011 M⊙) have a reduced star-formation activity in their center: they grow mostly in the outskirts (inside-out quenching / formation). Similar trends are find in cosmological zoom-in simulations, highlighting that high stellar mass densities are formed in a gas-rich compaction phase. This nuclear ‘starburst’ phase is followed by a suppressed star-formation activity in the center, resulting in growth of the outskirts. All in all, we put forward that we witness at z ~ 2 the dissipative formation of z = 0 M* early-type galaxies.

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Simoniya, N. "“Shale Gas Revolution”: Myths and Realities." World Economy and International Relations, no. 12 (2013): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-12-3-13.

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The author argues that in recent years the world natural gas markets demonstrated vital new trends that primarily relate to the general slump in demand for the natural gas, as well as to accelerated build-up of shale gas production in the North American countries – the USA and Canada. The author proposes a non-partisan analysis of the factors and prospects of the “shale gas revolution”. The general conclusion is that the widely advertised forecasts of the upcoming dislodgement of the traditional gas, including LNG, from the markets of importing nations have no serious grounds.

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Ross, Lindsay. "Excavations at Burnhouse Moor, Clydesdale, 1985." Glasgow Archaeological Journal 21, no. 1 (January 1998): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gas.1998.21.21.61.

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Summary The ring enclosure at Burnhouse Moor lies at the 300m contour on a small hill just SW of Tinto Hill near Biggar (Fig 1). It was excavated prior to the afforestation of the area. Before excavation the site appeared as a 2m wide bank with no breaks apart from a modern sheep track. The bank enclosed a circular area 8m in diameter. A slight depression or halo was just visible around the outer edge of the bank. One quarter of the interior was excavated with extension trenches to S and E sectioning both bank and the external depression. Four pits were dug outside the excavated area to examine the soil profiles across the hillside. In places these showed tilled soil, while others showed a build up of peat.

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Bilotu Onoabhagbe, Benedicta, Paul Russell, Johnson Ugwu, and Sina Rezaei Gomari. "Application of Phase Change Tracking Approach in Predicting Condensate Blockage in Tight, Low, and High Permeability Reservoirs." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 6551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246551.

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Prediction of the timing and location of condensate build-up around the wellbore in gas condensate reservoirs is essential for the selection of appropriate methods for condensate recovery from these challenging reservoirs. The present work focuses on the use of a novel phase change tracking approach in monitoring the formation of condensate blockage in a gas condensate reservoir. The procedure entails the simulation of tight, low and high permeability reservoirs using global and local grid analysis in determining the size and timing of three common regions (Region 1, near wellbore; Region 2, condensate build-up; and Region 3, single-phase gas) associated with single and two-phase gas and immobile and mobile gas condensate. The results show that permeability has a significant influence on the occurrence of the three regions around the well, which in turn affects the productivity of the gas condensate reservoir studied. Predictions of the timing and location of condensate in reservoirs with different permeability levels of 1 mD to 100 mD indicate that local damage enhances condensate formation by 60% and shortens the duration of the immobile phase by 45%. Meanwhile, the global change in permeability increases condensate formation by 80% and reduces the presence of the immobile phase by 60%. Finally, this predictive approach can help in mitigating condensate blockage around the wellbore during production.

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Kim, Hyung Ick, Hong Sun Park, Jae Mean Koo, Sung Ho Yang, Moon Young Kim, and Chang Sung Seok. "Welding Characteristic Evaluation of GMAW and Laser Cladding for the Gas Turbine 1st Blade." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.519.

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The advancement in superalloys permits the hot gas path components to operate for thousands of hours under severe centrifugal, thermal and vibratory stresses. The blade of a gas turbine must withstand the most severe condition combined of temperature, stress, and environment. After a long operation, the damaged blades of a gas turbine used are welded for build-up and repaired. We analyzed and compared the mechanical properties of GMAW(Gas Metal Arc Welding), a manual welding method, a laser cladding method, and an automatic welding method under research and development.

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Groper, M., and I. Etsion. "The Effect of Shear Flow and Dissolved Gas Diffusion on the Cavitation in a Submerged Journal Bearing." Journal of Tribology 123, no. 3 (June 30, 2000): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1308026.

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Two possible, long standing speculated mechanisms are theoretically investigated in an attempt to understand previous experimental observations of pressure build up in the cavitation zone of a submerged journal bearing. These mechanisms are (1) the shear of the cavity gas bubble by a thin lubricant film dragged through the cavitation zone by the rotating shaft and (2) the mass transfer mechanism which dictates the rate of diffusion of dissolved gas out of and back into the lubricant. A comparison with available experimental results reveals that while the cavitation shape is fairly well predicted by the “shear” mechanism, this mechanism is incapable of generating the level of the experimentally measured pressures, particularly towards the end of the cavitation zone. The “mass transport” mechanism is found inadequate to explain the experimental observations. The effect of this mechanism on the pressure build up in the cavitation zone can be completely ignored.

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Gilham, S., D. M. Deaves, R. P. Hoxey, C. R. Boon, and A. Mercer. "Gas build-up within a single building volume — comparison of measurements with both CFD and simple zone modelling." Journal of Hazardous Materials 53, no. 1-3 (May 1997): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(96)01836-5.

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Malet, J., and R. Laissac. "CFD calculations of stratification build-up tests of light gas in a closed vessel under controlled boundary conditions." Computers & Fluids 107 (January 2015): 224–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2014.11.004.

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Markiewicz, Nicolai, Olga Casals, Cristian Fabrega, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto, Andreas Waag, and Joan Daniel Prades. "An LED Platform for Micropower Gas Sensors." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (November 30, 2018): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130971.

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We developed an integrated platform to build up conductometric sensors with controlled illumination. Our device contains a miniaturized indium gallium nitride (InGaN) LED as a light source, and a set of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) in close contact with the LED. The sensor material is later deposited on top of the IDE, to monitor its resistance. In this configuration, all the light emitted by the LED is collected by the sensor material, leading to a very efficient photoexcitation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach building a photoactivated gas sensor based on ZnO operating with as little as 100 μW.

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Padmanabhan, Hamsa, and Abraham Loeb. "New empirical constraints on the cosmological evolution of gas and stars in galaxies." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 496, no. 2 (June 5, 2020): 1124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1565.

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ABSTRACT We combine the latest observationally motivated constraints on stellar properties in dark matter haloes, along with data-driven predictions for the atomic (H I) and molecular (H2) gas evolution in galaxies, to derive empirical relationships between the build-up of galactic components and their evolution over cosmic time. At high redshift (z ≳ 4), the frameworks imply that galaxies acquire their cold gas (both atomic and molecular) mostly by accretion, with the fraction of cold gas reaching about 20 per cent of the cosmic baryon fraction. We infer a strong dependence of the star formation rate on the H2 mass, suggesting a near-universal depletion time-scale of 0.1–1 Gyr in Milky Way-sized haloes (of masses 1012 M⊙ at z = 0). There is also evidence for a near-universality of the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation across redshifts, with very little dependence on stellar mass, if a constant conversion factor (αCO) of CO luminosity to molecular gas mass is assumed. Combining the atomic and molecular gas observations with the stellar build-up illustrates that galactic mass assembly in Milky Way-sized haloes proceeds from smooth accretion at high redshifts towards becoming merger-dominated at late times (z ≲ 0.6). Our results can be used to constrain numerical simulations of the dominant growth and accretion processes of galaxies over cosmic history.

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Abdulaziz, Abdulaziz M., Mohamed K. Ali, and Omalsaad F. Hafad. "Influences of Well Test Techniques and Uncertainty in Petrophysics on Well Test Results." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 7414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197414.

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In the present study, well logs and well test data of both conventional build-up tests and Mini-DST from different oil and gas fields are utilized to evaluate the effects of uncertainty in petrophysics and test techniques on well test results. This includes producing wells from the Nile Delta and Western Desert-Egypt together with published results from West Qurna oil field-Iraq. Results indicated that permeability is strongly dependent on petrophysics interpretation, particularly pay thickness, while the radius of investigation is significantly dependent on fluid properties, especially compressibility. The skin factor calculations showed great sensitivity towards the pressure measurements with medium influences on porosity and oil viscosity. The calculations of Mini DST and Build-up test are compared within the uncertainty context for effective permeability, radius of investigation, and skin factor, and the findings are discussed in detail. In all cases, error analysis indicated that well test results and interpretation of conventional build up data are largely stable and may reduce overall uncertainty to 30% of the corresponding Mini-DST results/interpretation. The results of this study not only characterize each input parameter involved in the interpretation of well test data but also confirms the superiority of conventional build-up on Mini-DST techniques.

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POMEAU, YVES. "20 YEARS OF LATTICE DYNAMICS: A PERSONAL VIEW." International Journal of Modern Physics C 18, no. 04 (April 2007): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183107010668.

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I show how the idea of lattice gases started in kinetic theory of gases, specifically as a way to study the divergences of the density expansion beyond the Boltzmann order. I end up by sketching an attempt made in informal discussions with Brosl Hasslacher to build a quantum lattice gas.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gas build-up'

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