Journal articles: 'Garnet structure'

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Islam, Manisha, Monica Ciomaga Hatnean, Geetha Balakrishnan, and Oleg A. Petrenko. "Frustrated Magnet Mn3Al2Ge3O12 Garnet: Crystal Growth by the Optical Floating Zone Method." Crystals 13, no. 3 (February 25, 2023): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030397.

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Mn3Al2Ge3O12 is a member of the garnet family of compounds, A3B2(CO4)3, whose magnetic properties are affected by a high degree of geometrical frustration. The magnetic frustration is at the origin of the intriguing magnetic properties that these materials exhibit, such as a long range hidden order derived from multipoles formed from 10-spin loops in the gadolinium gallium garnet, Gd3Ga5O12. Mn3Al2Ge3O12 garnet is isostructural to the thoroughly investigated Gd garnets, Gd3Ga5O12 and Gd3Al5O12. Moreover, in Mn3Al2Ge3O12, the Heisenberg-like Mn2+ magnetic ions (L= 0) are also arranged in corner sharing triangles that form a hyperkagomé structure. The identical crystallographic structures and similar Heisenberg-like behaviour of the magnetic ions make manganese aluminium germanium garnet the closest compound to the gadolinium garnets in its magnetic properties. Here, we report, for the first time, the growth of a large, high quality single crystal of the Mn3Al2Ge3O12 garnet by the floating zone method. X-ray diffraction techniques were used to characterise and confirm the high crystalline quality of the Mn3Al2Ge3O12 crystal boule. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal an antiferromagnetic ordering of the Mn2+ ions below TN= 6.5 K. The high quality of the single crystal obtained makes it ideal for detailed investigations of the magnetic properties of the system, especially using neutron scattering techniques.

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Galuskina, Irina, Evgeny Galuskin, Roman Włodyka, Piotr Dzierżanowski, and Roman Wrzalik. "Atoll Garnets in "Achtarandite" Serpentinites: Morphology, Composition and Mode of Origin." Mineralogia 38, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10002-007-0022-9.

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Atoll Garnets in "Achtarandite" Serpentinites: Morphology, Composition and Mode of OriginAtoll garnets in aposkarn serpentinite from the Wiluy River, Republic of Sakha-Yakutia, Russia, have the classic form comprising a garnet core, an intermediate zone filled with chlorite-group minerals and an outer garnet atoll. The core of an illustrated example is complexly zoned from schorlomite to grossular-andradite. Morphologically, the core is a rhombic dodecahedral crystal. The atoll crystallized as a tetragon-trisoctahedron with minor rhombic dodecahedron faces and is composed of hibschite and "hydroandradite". The atoll garnet formed as the result of selective dissolution and substitution by chlorite of an internal hibschite zone with columnar structure that became unstable under new conditions of crystallization. The pattern of dissolution traces defects in the garnet crystal. The growth of the atoll garnets reflects the main stages in the evolution of the Wiluy deposit itself and is associated with the development of the Siberian traps.

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Tokuda, Makoto, Akira Yoshiasa, Tsutomu Mashimo, Kazuake Iishi, and Akihiko Nakatsuka. "The vanadate garnet Ca2NaCd2V3O12: a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 74, no. 4 (March 14, 2018): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229618003741.

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Single crystals of the vanadate garnet Ca2NaCd2V3O12 (dicalcium sodium dicadmium trivanadate) were synthesized using the floating-zone method and the crystal structure was investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. We considered the effectiveness of substitution of the Y-site cation with reference to previous structural studies of vanadate garnets. The structures of vanadate garnets are subject to geometric constraints similar to those of silicate garnets. These constraints force the tetrahedral–dodecahedral shared edge length in vanadate garnets to become shorter than the unshared dodecahedral edge length, as in ugrandite (uvarovite, grossular and andradite) garnets. However, the vanadate garnet Ca2NaCd2V3O12 exhibits the normal structural feature, similar to pyralspite (pyrope, almandine and spessartine) garnets, namely that the dodecahedral–dodecahedral shared edge length is shorter than the unshared dodecahedral edge length. With increasing ionic radius of the Y-site cation, the atomic coordinates x, y and z of oxygen adopt values which satisfy Pauling's third rule.

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Tsidaeva, Natalia, Viktorija Abaeva, Elena Enaldieva, Tamerlan T. Magkoev, Anatolij Turiev, Aljona Ramonova, and Tengiz Butkhuzi. "Features of Optical Anisotropy of Terbium Iron Garnet." Key Engineering Materials 543 (March 2013): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.543.364.

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Rare earth iron garnets with narrow ferromagnetic resonance linewidths, very low hysteresis losses, and excellent dielectric properties have been widely applied in microwave devices in a wide range of frequencies (1100 GHz), magnetooptical transducers and typically employed as magnetic recording media [1-1. The rare earth iron garnets which can be described by chemical unit formulaRE3Fe5O12belong to cubic system with space groupIa3̄d, whose cell contains eightRE3Fe5O12molecules and crystal lattice contains three crystallographic sites, dodecahedral site 24c{RE3+}, octahedral site 16a[Fe3+] and tetrahedral site 24d(Fe3+). The garnet in fact does not allow distortion to lower symmetry owing to its non-efficiently packed structure, which makes iron garnet structure become unstable with increasing rare earth ionic radius.

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Petrakakis, Konstantin, Nathalie Schuster-Bourgin, Gerlinde Habler, and Rainer Abart. "Ca-rich garnets and associated symplectites in mafic peraluminous granulites from the Gföhl Nappe System, Austria." Solid Earth 9, no. 3 (June 19, 2018): 797–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-9-797-2018.

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Abstract. Mafic peraluminous granulites associated with the mantle-derived peridotites of the Dunkelsteiner Wald provide evidence of the tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Gföhl Nappe System, Austria. They contain the primary assemblage garnet + Al-rich clinopyroxene + kyanite. Large Ca- and Mg-rich garnets are embedded in a granoblastic matrix of Al-rich clinopyroxene, Ca-rich plagioclase and minor hornblende. They were partially replaced by different generations of symplectites: (a) corundum + sapphirine + spinel + plagioclase formed around kyanite inclusions, (b) orthopyroxene + spinel + plagioclase ± hornblende formed at their rims and (c) clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + spinel + plagioclase ± hornblende formed within cracks. Large garnets show complex compositional structure comprising several repeatedly occurring garnet types, which are characterized by specific compositions. The areal extent and the cross-cutting relations observed in element distribution maps allowed for the derivation of the relative timing of the formation of the different garnet types. The compositional features of the garnets indicate post-formational modification by intra-crystalline diffusion and metasomatic agents. The garnet composition isopleths in equilibrium assemblage diagrams are in line with compositions modification as indicated by the element distribution maps. They confirm the deviation of composition from equilibrium for all garnet types. Furthermore, at least the youngest garnet types show evidence of metasomatic (Fe + Mg) loss affecting their Ca content. Pressure–temperature (P–T) estimates are based on equilibrium assemblage diagrams that reproduce satisfactorily the observed mineral assemblages and measured mineral compositions. Criteria for checking the existence of preserved equilibrium compositions are suggested. The results call into question the invariability of the assumption that the Ca content and/or zoning in garnet preserves primary P–T information from garnet growth in every case. Recrystallization and compositional readjustment of the reactive garnet volume during symplectite formation led to the development of pronounced, secondary diffusion-induced zoning profiles overprinting the different garnet types and post-dating the complex garnet compositional structure. The primary assemblage is stable between 760 and 880 °C and pressures > 11 kbar. The bulk composition of the crack symplectites is almost isochemical to the oldest, broken-down garnet type. These symplectites were formed above 730 °C and pressures between 5 and 7.5 kbar. The rocks studied underwent more or less isothermal decompression from pressures above 11 to ∼ 6 kbar at temperatures of about 800 °C. Crack and rim symplectites were formed after decompression during the early stage of approximately isobaric cooling under conditions of low differential stress. Due to limited availability of fluids promoting symplectite formation, the timescale of symplectite formation calculated from secondary diffusion profiles associated with crack symplectites is shown to be geologically very short (< 0.5 ka).

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Daminov, Mirzogid Islomovich, Mirzo Zokirovich Sharipov, Rustam Khalilovich Shamsiev, and Dilshod Ergashovich Khaitov. "DOMAIN STRUCTURE AND SOME PROPERTIES OF RARE-EARTH GRANITE FERRITES." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 4, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2020/4/3/12.

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The crystals of rare-earth garnet ferrites have a complex domain structure, the form of which substantially depends on the crystallographic orientation of the under study sample. Due to the cubic symmetry of rare-earth garnet ferrites, 70, 110, and 180-degree domains can exist in them, and depending on the crystallographic orientation of the sample, the spontaneous magnetization vector in the realized domain configuration can lie in the plane of the sample (“Cotton” domains) perpendicular to the plane of the sample ("Faraday" domains), and make up a certain angle with its plane. According to known data, in all cases, the boundaries between neighboring domains in rare-earth garnet ferrites are the domain walls of the Bloch type

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Livshits, Tatiana, Sergey Yudintsev, Sergey V. Stefanovsky, and Rodney Charles Ewing. "New Actinide Waste Forms with Pyrochlore and Garnet Structures." Advances in Science and Technology 73 (October 2010): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.73.142.

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Cubic oxides with pyrochlore and garnet structures are promising matrices for long-lived actinides immobilization. Their isomorphic capacity with respect to An and REE was determined. To predict the long-term behavior of these matrices under their underground disposal radiation stability of synthetic pyrochlores and garnets was studied. Most of titanate phases have the critical (amorphization) doses close to 0.2 displacements per atom at 298 K. This value is significantly higher for Sn- and Zr-rich pyrochlores. Corrosion behavior of the pyrochlore- and garnet-composed matrices was investigated. The lowest actinides leach rates were observed in water and alkaline solutions most typical for underground waste repositories. Amorphization of the phases has a low influence on their corrosion behavior in solutions. Possibility for joint incorporation of actinides and Tc into zirconate- and titanate-based matrices with the pyrochlore structure is discussed.

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Simion, B. M., R. Ramesh, E. Marinero, R. L. Pfeffer, and G. Thomas. "Microstructural and magneto-optical characterization of ferrimagnetic multilayered thin-film rare-earth iron garnet heterostructures." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 898–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010017222x.

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The continuous demands of the computer industry for increased reliability, portability, and density of storage media, has opened a new chapter in the magnetic recording research, by focusing on the viability of magneto-optical materials for storage. Several materials are considered presently to be at the forefront of this new quest: ternary rare-earth transition-metal alloys (such as GdTbFe or TbFeCo), garnets, and Co/Pt or Co/Pd mutilayers. Of these, the ferrimagnetic garnets, due to their relatively flexible structure, may accommodate a large number of substituting ions, allowing thus for a very good control of their magnetic and magneto-optical properties. The good results obtained during thegrowth of epitaxial superconducting oxide thin films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), has encouragedus to try this novel deposition technique in the growth of multilayered heteroepitaxial ferrimagneticiron garnet thin films.Superlattice heterostructures consisting of alternating single crystalline ferrimagnetic yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) and bismuth-iron-garnet (BIG) thin film layers, as well as alternating YIG and europiumsubstituted BIG (EBIG), were deposited on single crystalline (111) paramagnetic gadolinium-galliumgarnet (GGG) substrates.

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Song, Zhen, Dandan Zhou, and Quanlin Liu. "Tolerance factor and phase stability of the garnet structure." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 75, no. 10 (September 6, 2019): 1353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229619011975.

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We introduce a structural descriptor, the tolerance factor, for the prediction and systematic description of the phase stability with the garnet structure. Like the tolerance factor widely adopted for the perovskite structure, it is a compositional parameter derived from the geometrical relationship between multi-type polyhedra in the garnet structure, and the calculation only needs the information of the ionic radius. A survey of the tolerance factor over 130 garnet-type compounds reveals that the data points are scattered in a narrow range. The tolerance factor is helpful in understanding the crystal chemistry of some garnet-type compounds and could serve as a guide for predicting the stability of the garnet phase. The correlation between the tolerance factor and the garnet-phase stability could be utilized by machine learning or high-throughput screening methods in material design and discovery.

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10

Kotsyubynsky, А. О. "Crystalline, magnetic and domain structure of epitaxial ferritegarnet films (review)." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 18, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.18.3.275-281.

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The article gives a literary review of the current state of research of ferrite-garnet films. The basic crystalline and magnetic characteristics of thin films of iron-yttrium garnet are considered. We analyzed the causes of the appearance of the labyrinth, stripe and cylindrical domain structure. It is shown that the domain structure of the yttrium iron garnet strongly depends on many parameters of the films, in particular on the thickness, structural perfection of the surface and the sample as a whole. The article reviews the most common methods of synthesis, ion implantation and post-growth treatment of ferrite-garnet films. The study of dependencies between the conditions of obtaining, the chemical composition, the posttreatment conditions, the defective structure and the magnetic properties of ferrite-garnet films have great practical value for obtaining films with predetermined properties.

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11

Lyutoev, V. P., A. B. Makeyev, and E. N. Terekhov. "Almandine jewelry garnet from the Kitelya deposit (Karelia): composition and spectroscopic properties." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 23, no. 2 (April 27, 2023): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2023-23-2-247-269.

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Research subject. The chemical composition and spectroscopic properties of almandine jewelry garnets from the Kite-lya deposit in the Northern Ladoga region (Karelia). Materials and methods. The chemical composition, impurity elements, mineral inclusions and spectroscopic properties of almandine jewelry crystals were studied using IR and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Results. Garnet crystals were found to exhibit a weakly pronounced zonal composition, varying from Alm75Pir15Sps7Grs3 in the center to Alm80Pir14Sps4Grs2 at their edges. Therefore, the Ca and Mn contents decrease towards the grain edges. This zonality of garnets is characteristic of the processes of progressive metamorphism of their host rocks. The garnet crystals feature small inclusions of quartz, chlorite, mica FACI (biotite), ilmenite, rutile, monazite, zircon and pyrrhotite. The composition of chlorite, biotite and zircon was established. The parameter of the cube unit cell ao = 11.522 ± 0.003 Å was calculated. The IR absorption spectra of 995, 966, 901, 878, 638, 568, 528, 476 and 455 cm–1 are characteristic of the pyrope-almandine difference. Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed an insignificant admixture of trivalent iron (Fe3+) in the structure of Kitelya garnets (≈1 % of the amount of isomorphic iron). The obtained optical absorption spectra of garnet plates in the visible light spectrum indicate that Fe2+ ions in dodecahedral positions, to a lesser extent dodecahedral Mn2+ ions, as well as possibly octahedral Fe3+ ions are responsible for the bright red-crimson color of pyrop-almandine from the Kitelya deposit. Conclusions. A “portrait” of typomorphic features (composition and properties) of the pyrope-almandine jewelry garnet from the Kitelya deposit was obtained. This portrait can be used when analyzing the historical finds of faceted or cabochonized differences of almandine in jewelry, church utensils in both Russia and Europe (where this jewelry material was exported during the 17th century). The preservation of garnet jewelry differences in the host rock is due to the presence of thin amorphous kelefite shells or soft minerals (sericite, chlorite, kaolinite etc.).

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Carmo, José Vitor C. do, Rita de Cássia F. Bezerra, Y. Guerra, R. Peña-Garcia, Alcineia C. Oliveira, E. Padron-Hernandez, Gilberto D. Saraiva, et al. "Cr-Containing Rare-Earth Substituted Yttrium Iron Garnet Ferrites: Catalytic Properties in the Ethylbenzene Oxidation." Catalysts 12, no. 9 (September 11, 2022): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12091033.

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A series of the Cr-containing erbium substituted yttrium iron garnet ferrites (ECYIG) was synthesized with distinct Cr amounts, herein referred to as Y3(Er0.02Fe5Cr1−x)O12, where x refers to Cr amounts from 0 to 0.05. The catalytic performance of the solids was investigated in ethylbenzene oxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to assess the role of Cr and Er present in the YIG garnet lattice for fine chemistry compound production. Raman spectroscopy, HRTEM, EPR and FTIR revealed that the insertion of Er (at a fixed amount of 2%) in dodecahedral sites had a great impact on the catalytic activity of the garnets. Both Er3+ and Y3+ in the lattice simultaneously provided structural stability to the garnet structure in any harsh environment. XPS and EPR indicated that the Cr3+ ions replaced those of Fe3+ located in both octahedral and tetrahedral sites of the YIG garnets. The Cr3+ ions acted as electronic promoter to increase the oxidation rate of the Fe3+ active species responsible for activating the EB molecule. SEM-EDS demonstrated that the solids having Cr amounts lower than 4% experienced the most severe deactivation due to the Cr leaching and strong carbon species adsorption on the surface of the catalysts, which decreased their efficiency in the reaction.

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Gilliss, S. R., S. V. Yanina, N. Ravishankar, and C. B. Carter. "Surfaces of Gadolinium Gallium Garnet." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 716–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036072.

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Sintering and many problems in adsorption and catalysis require an understanding of the surface structures of crystals, which have been subjected to various types of heat treatment. For example, heat treatment of m-plane sapphire surfaces can cause a transformation from a flat vicinal surface into those of a faceted hill-and-valley structure. Many technologically interesting materials form with the garnet structure, including YIG, YAG, GGG and many silicates. However, there has been relatively little discussion of the structure and behavior of such surfaces. This paper illustrates the use of visible-light microscopy (VLM), atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for studying the ﹛111﹜ surface of gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG or Gd3Ga5O12).2x2x1 mm samples of monocrystalline GGG with ﹛111﹜ surface orientation were heat treated in air at 1575°C for 24 hours in order to study the processes a surface undertakes while reaching its equilibrium state.

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Makeenko, Aleksei, Tatiana Larionova, Olga Klimova, Vitalii Galkin, Roman Starykh, and Oleg Tolochko. "Synthesis of the Gadolinium-Yttrium-Aluminum Garnet Activated with Cerium by Spraying High Aqueous Salt Solutions." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.267.

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The possibility of applying the spray drying method for the production of complex oxides powders with garnet structure is shown in paper. The processes occurring while heating of synthesized oxide-salt product, that lead to the formation of a material with a garnet structure were investigated by DTA, TGA, X-ray analysis. The possibility of producing single-phase structure of the garnet system (YxGd(3-x))3Al5O12 in wide range of compositions is demonstrated.

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Pawlak, Dorota A., Krzysztof Woźniak, and Zygmunt Frukacz. "Correlation between structural parameters of garnet and garnet-like structures." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 55, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 736–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876819900508x.

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Statistical analysis of structural parameters of garnet and garnet-like structures retrieved from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database has revealed strong correlations between them. The degree of correlation depends on doping site and garnet type. Structural parameters are not equally sensitive to changes imposed by doping. The strongest correlation exists between the unit-cell parameter and the doping-ion radius. In the case of doping at the dodecahedral sites, the most sensitive parameter is the shortest dodecahedral distance. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly shows that the first component explains most of the variation of structural data. It has a geometric basis and correlates with the effective radii of the doping ion. Partial correlation helps to identify the strongest relations between pairs of variables when the influence of other structural variables on them is controlled. It appears that in some cases partial correlation has a different sign when compared with the results of the standard correlation technique.

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Yoshiasa, A., S. Nishimiya, A. Nakatsuka, K. Iishi, M. Okube, and H. Okudera. "Crystal structure of vanadate garnet Ca2NaCd2V3O12." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 67, a1 (August 22, 2011): C574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767311085473.

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Ono, Yasuhiro, Kiyoshi Shimamura, Yukio Morii, Tsuguo Fukuda, and Tsuyoshi Kajitani. "Structure analysis of a CaNbGa garnet." Physica B: Condensed Matter 213-214 (August 1995): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(95)00176-a.

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Kano, H., K. Shono, S. Kuroda, N. Koshino, and S. Ogawa. "Optimized structure of sputtered garnet disks." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 25, no. 5 (1989): 3737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.42418.

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Yamaguchi, O., K. Matui, and K. Shimizu. "Formation of YAIO3 with Garnet structure." Ceramics International 11, no. 3 (July 1985): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-8842(85)90006-9.

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Yamaguchi, O., K. Matui, and K. Shimizu. "Formation of YAIO3 with garnet structure." Ceramics International 11, no. 4 (October 1985): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-8842(85)90328-1.

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Lin, V. V., A. I. Turkin, and A. A. Chepurov. "To the Issue of the Presence of the Occurrence of Rare Earth Elements in the Structure of Chromium Pyrope Garnet." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences 38 (2021): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.38.71.

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Rare earth elements (REE) in garnet are of interest in various fields of modern geology. The geochemistry of REEs in magmatic minerals is widely used in determining the distribution coefficients of crystal/melt and crystal/fluid, modeling the processes of melting and crystallization of magmatic rocks, studying deep mantle processes, age estimates and other issues of petrogenesis. The aim of the present work was a synthesis of a peridotite mineral association including the garnet containing REE at high pressure and high temperature. The initial sample consisted mainly of natural serpentine collected from ophiolites of the Eastern Sayan (Russia). As is known, the extreme stage of the regressive metamorphism of peridotites is serpentinization. It is depleted in calcium, but can recrystallize at high PT conditions into a harzburgite paragenesis, and at the initial stage of the experiment the chemical composition of the sample was a model harzburgite depleted in calcium and chromium, as well as a fluid of predominantly aqueous composition. As a source of chromium, chromite grains of 1–2 mm in size from peridotite xenoliths of the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe (Yakutia) were used. REE were added to the initial charge in the form of water-soluble salts. The experiment at a pressure of 5 GPa and temperature 1300 was performed on a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus of the “split sphere” type (BARS) designed and developed at the V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS. A container based on refractory oxide ZrO2 was used as a highpressure medium. The pressure in the cell before sample heating was estimated using the reference substances Bi and PbSe. The temperature was measured by a platinum-platinum-rhodium thermocouple PtRh30-PtRh6. The quenched was performed by switching off the voltage in the heater circuit. The experiment products contain an association of olivine + garnet + orthopyroxene + newly formed spinel. The predominant phase was olivine of a forsterite composition. A low-Fe orthopyroxene (1.49 – 1.68 wt% FeO) was found in elongated grains uniformly distributed throughout the sample. The newly formed spinel shows the faceted grains. The chromium content in the spinel significantly exceeds that of the initially added to the initial charge, 61.63 and 54.04 wt% Cr2O3, respectively. The garnet is characterized by a purple color, and was identified in the sample volume between olivine grains in the form of individual faceted crystals or their clusters. The largest garnets reached 0.5 mm in size. The synthesized garnet was determined as a high-Cr low-Ca pyrope variety. The contents of Cr2O3 and CaO are 10.15-11.21 and 0.06-0.11 wt%, respectively. The total content of REE in the garnet identified by the microprobe analysis is relatively high reaching 5-7 wt%. As a result of the work a mineral association corresponding to the peridotite paragenesis was obtained, including the subcalcic Crrich pyrope containing rare earth elements in significant amounts. It was estimated that their content in garnet mainly depends on the size of the ionic radius and, accordingly, on the atomic weight. This is consistent with the known facts about the preferable position of heavy REEs into the garnet structure compared to the light REEs.

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Ungaretti, Luciano, Marco Leona, Marcellο Merli, and Roberta Oberti. "Non-ideal solid-solution in garnet: crystal-structure evidence and modelling." European Journal of Mineralogy 7, no. 6 (December 27, 1995): 1299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/7/6/1299.

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Krajcarz, Daniel, and Sławomir Spadło. "Reuse of abrasive particles in abrasive waterjet cutting." Mechanik 90, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.1.13.

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Presented is the possibility of reuse abrasive grains in abrasive waterjet cutting. The disintegration particles of garnet # 80 used to create a new abrasive garnet, corresponding to the fresh garnet # 120. In order to determine the ability of cutting recycling abrasive grains was carried out the aluminium alloy cutiing by using fresh and recycling garnet # 120. The experimental investigations of cutting surface quality focused on evaluation of surface geometrical structure.

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Nagashima, M., and T. Armbruster. "Palenzonaite, berzeliite, and manganberzeliite: (As5+, V5+, Si4+)O4 tetrahedra in garnet structures." Mineralogical Magazine 76, no. 5 (October 2012): 1081–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.5.02.

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AbstractSchäferite, NaCa2Mg2(V5+O4)3; palenzonaite, NaCa2Mn22+(V5+O4)3; berzeliite, NaCa2Mg2(As5+O4)3; and manganberzeliite, NaCa2Mn2+2(As5+O4)3, are cubic minerals with garnet structures (space group Iad) in which tetrahedrally coordinated V5+ and/or As5+ at the Z site are charge balanced by disordered Na+ and Ca2+ at the X site, and divalent Mg2+ and Mn2+ cations at the octahedrally coordinated Y site. The crystal chemistry of palenzonaite (from the Molinello and Gambatesa mines, Italy, and the Fianel mine, Switzerland), berzeliite (from Långban, Sweden, and Montaldo, Italy), and manganberzeliite (from Varenche, Italy, and the Gozaisho mine, Japan) were studied by electron microprobe analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Structure refinements converged to R1 values of 1.36–2.42%. The tetrahedral site in these garnet structures is mainly occupied by pentavalent As5+ or V5+ (only up to about 20% randomly distributed Si4+ is present). Charge balance is maintained by variations in the Ca/Na ratio at the X site. Heterovalent substitution (Na+ ↔ Ca2+) at the distorted square antiprism X site in vanadate- and arsenate-bearing garnets allows full occupancy of the octahedral Y site by divalent cations (primarily Mg2+ and Mn2+). There is a positive correlation between the <Z–O> and <Y–O> bond lengths and the mean ionic radii of the substituent elements, but there is no correlation between the <X–O> bond length and the variable Na/Ca site occupancy. The ionic radii of octahedrally coordinated Mg2+ and Mn2+ are such that the shared octahedral–dodecahedral edges are similar in length to the unshared octahedral edges, which is a measure of lattice distortion in garnet structures.

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Tikhonov V. V., Gubanov V. A., Filchenkov I. O., and Sadovnikov A. V. "Excitation of exchange spin waves in a two-layer ferrite-ferrite structure." Technical Physics Letters 49, no. 4 (2023): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tpl.2023.04.55879.19473.

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The possibility of intense radiation of short-wave exchange spin waves excited in a thin transition layer at the internal boundary of a bilayer ferrite-ferrite structure is shown. Modelling of radiation processes has been exemplified by a tangentially magnetized bilayer film of ferric-yttrium garnet. It was found that the radiation of exchange spin waves has one-way character. The waves were radiated into the layer with decreased magnetization. Their group velocities were an order of magnitude lower than sound velocity in iron-yttrium garnet. Obtained results may be useful for creation of miniature controllable delay line on exchange spin waves. Keywords: spin waves, ferrite, iron yttrium garnet, delay line.

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Zhang, Tianhang, Yangai Liu, Timothy Daniel Christopher, Saifang Huang, Tao Yang, Zhaohui Huang, Wei Gao, Tilo Söhnel, and Peng Cao. "The influence of co-doping strontium and zirconium on structure and ionic conductivities of Li6+yLa3−ySryNbZrO12 solid electrolytes." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 01n03 (December 19, 2019): 2040006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220400068.

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To enhance the ionic conductivity of lithium garnets, a co-doping strategy was adopted with both strontium and zirconium for [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0) (LLSNZO). By increasing the content of Sr, lithium garnet ceramics maintain cubic structure when [Formula: see text] is in the range of 0–0.75. A secondary phase of [Formula: see text] appeared in the ceramic when [Formula: see text]. We also studied the cross-section of lithium garnets with silver electrode. Results showed that the density of LLSNZO ceramics increased continuously against the increase of Sr content, while their total ionic conductivity enhanced initially and then reduced, with the maximum reached when [Formula: see text]. It is indicated that ionic conductivity of lithium garnets is not only decided by the density but also decided by the concentration and the mobility of [Formula: see text].

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Temiryazeva, Marina, Evgeny Mamonov, Anton Maydykovskiy, Alexei Temiryazev, and Tatiana Murzina. "Magnetic Domain Structure of Lu2.1Bi0.9Fe5O12 Epitaxial Films Studied by Magnetic Force Microscopy and Optical Second Harmonic Generation." Magnetochemistry 8, no. 12 (December 4, 2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8120180.

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Magnetic structure of functional magnetic dielectrics is traditionally of high interest. Here, we use the magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and nonlinear-optical probe of second harmonic generation for studies of surface domain structure of monocrystalline Lu2.1Bi0.9Fe5O12 garnet films. The transformation of the magnetic domains under the application of the dc magnetic field is revealed by the MFM for both the top-view and the cleavage of the iron-garnet layer. Complementary magnetic force and second harmonic generation microscopy show that the considered film reveals the magnetization inclined with respect to the film’s normal, with its orientation being inhomogeneous within the film’s thickness. The second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy confirms the zigzag structure of the surface-closing domain with the magnetization containing in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization components. We believe that these features of magnetic behavior of garnet films are important for the design of garnet-based magnetic devices.

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28

Pinzaru, Dana, and Venkataraman Thangadurai. "Evaluation on the effect of gadolinium-doping for niobium on the morphology and ionic conductivity of garnet-like Li5La3Nb2O12." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 94, no. 4 (April 2016): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2015-0268.

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There is a great interest in gaining a deeper understanding of the lithium ion conductivity of Li-stuffed garnets that result from the substitution at either the La or M sites in Li5La3M2O12 (M = Nb, Ta), since these materials can be used as potential electrolytes in all solid-state batteries. Here, we investigate the effect of replacing Nb5+ with Gd3+ and stuffing two Li+ per Gd3+ in Li5La3Nb2O12 on the structure and ionic conductivity of the new family of garnet-type compounds with the nominal formula Li5+2xLa3Nb2−xGdxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.45). The samples were prepared via conventional solid-state synthesis in air at elevated temperatures. Powder X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the formation of the garnet-type structure for Li5+2xLa3Nb2−xGdxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.45). Elemental mapping obtained using energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed no evidence of a secondary phase being formed in Li5+2xLa3Nb2−xGdxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.45). Archimedes’ density measurements confirmed that the density of the samples with x ≤ 0.25 is not improved. The porosity of the samples with x ≥ 0.3 was found to be in the 8%–16% range. Among the samples investigated in this work, the x = 0.45 member of Li5+2xLa3Nb2−xGdxO12 showed the highest ionic conductivity of 1.91 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of the parent compound Li5La3Nb2O12. The activation energy of this material was calculated to be 0.38 eV at 25–225 °C and 0.28 eV at 225–325 °C. The change in the activation energy at the high temperature regime can be explained using the Li site occupation model in the garnet-type structure.

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Xu, Yong-Nian, and W. Y. Ching. "Electronic structure of yttrium aluminum garnet(Y3Al5O12)." Physical Review B 59, no. 16 (April 15, 1999): 10530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.59.10530.

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30

Mukherjee, Soumyajit. "Macroscopic ‘V’ pull-apart structure in garnet." Journal of Structural Geology 32, no. 5 (May 2010): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2008.10.014.

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31

Kaminskii, Alexander, Ken-ichi Ueda, Galina Bogomolova, Jose Garcia-Sole, Daniel Jaque, Juan Capmany, and Doyle Temple. "New Laser Garnet Crystal with Disordered Structure." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 38, Part 2, No. 10B (October 15, 1999): L1180—L1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.38.l1180.

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32

Graeff, W., J. Kub, and K. Wieteska. "Ferrielastic Domain Structure Study in Ca3Mn2Ge3O12 Garnet." Physica Status Solidi (a) 126, no. 2 (August 16, 1991): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211260219.

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Kitaeva, V. F., E. V. Zharikov, and I. L. Chistyi. "The properties of crystals with garnet structure." physica status solidi (a) 92, no. 2 (December 16, 1985): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210920217.

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Zhou, Mo Ke, Shu Ren Zhang, and Bin Tang. "Phase Composition, Crystal Structure and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Nb-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 1080 (January 30, 2023): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-qelb86.

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The Y3Al5-xNbxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.06) garnet ceramics were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The effects of Nb5+ substitution on the phase composition, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. All samples retained the yttrium-aluminum garnet solid solution form until x up to 0.06 at which YNbO4 secondary phase precipitated. The doping of Nb2O5 improved the grain development and enhanced the physical properties of the ceramics under the sintering condition of 8 h at 1700 °C. Specifically, with the substitution of Nb5+, the degree of micromorphology improvement and quality factor first increased and then decreased, with a maximum value at x = 0.015. Finally, the best combination of microwave dielectric properties was obtained, i.e., εr = 10.79, Q×f = 165,478 GHz, τf = -31.7 ppm/°C. This study provides a theoretical basis for the further expansion and application of yttrium aluminum garnet in the microwave field. Keywords: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ceramics, Nb2O5, microwave dielectric properties.

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Protasov, Alexey S., Marina O. Senina, and Dmitry O. Lemeshev. "INFLUENCE OF METHODS AND CONDITIONS OF CO-PRECIPITATION ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF YTTRIUM-ALUMINIUM GARNET POWDERS FOR HIGH-DENSITY CERAMICS." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 14, no. 4/2023 (April 19, 2023): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2023.14.4.010.

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Highly dispersed powders of yttrium-aluminium garnet precursors were obtained by different variations of the co-precipitation method: direct precipitation, imaginative heterophase precipitation using a spray funnel. Different precipitants were used in experiments: solutions of ammonium hydroxide, ammonium bicarbonate, also with and without ammonium sulphate as a dispersant. Powders of yttrium-aluminium garnet have been synthesised. The morphology and structure of precursor and garnet powders have been studied. Comparative analysis has been carried out.

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36

Glukhov, Yu V., B. A. Makeev, and M. Yu Sokerin. "Typomorphism of hypogene accessory mineralsof the Vymsky Horst structure (Middle Timan). Olivine, pyropes." Vestnik of Geosciences 10 (2020): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2020.10.1.

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The results of mineralogical study of pyropes and olivine from the Vymskaya horst-anticline structure (Kyvvozh goldbearing placer field, Middle Timan), that found during the heavy mineral concentrate sampling, are presented. Optical microscopy, electron microprobe, and scanning electron microscope were used in the research. High preservation of the endogenous surface of some pyrope individuals and olivine is demonstrated, indicating the closeness of their magmatic sources. The studied pyrope garnets belong to the lherzolite paragenesis of mantle minerals. Microinclusions of chrome spinels and orthopyroxene (enstatite) were found in some garnet grains. Abundant microinclusions of the high-pressure and high-temperature titanium-zirconium mineral srilankite (the first find on Timan) were found in one pyrope individual from the headstream of Belaya Kedva river. Investigated pyropes are characterized by compositions, which are identical to the ones for pyrope garnets from Umba kimberlite field (Middle Timan). It seems that magmatic rocks from the Umba pipes field are analogues of parent rock sources of pyropes from Kyvvozh goldbearing area and (or) themselves are sources for these pyropes.

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37

Saladino, Maria Luisa, Eugenio Caponetti, and Stefano Enzo. "Effects of Thermal Treatment on the Structure of Eu:YAG Nanopowder." Solid State Phenomena 128 (October 2007): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.128.107.

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Eu:YAG nanopowder precursors were obtained by co-precipitation of aluminium, yttrium and europium nitrates solution with ammonia. The hydroxides precursors were calcined at different temperatures from 900 to 1200°C as a function of holding time (1, 2 and 6 hours). The presence of Eu3+ ions in the matrix was confirmed by Energy Dispersive X-rays analysis. X-Ray Diffraction investigation by the Rietveld method shows that the sample treated at 900°C for 1 hour is essentially the garnet phase with the minor presence of hexagonal and monoclinic metastable phases. The Eu3+ ions are incorporated into the garnet phase, as is suggested by the lattice parameter value being larger than that in literature data (homogeneous strain). For the sample treated at 900°C for 1 hour, electron microscopy observations showed agglomerates of spherical particles of mean size about 50 nm. At higher temperature treatments and for longer holding times the minority hexagonal and monoclinic phases totally disappeared. However, the lattice parameters of the cubic garnet phase gradually decreased with temperature, suggesting an expulsion of Eu3+ ions from the solid solution. Simultaneous with this, it was noted that the lattice strain reached a maximum value, but to later decrease, due to the vacancies created by the Eu species initially migrating to the surface of the coherent domains of diffraction. The lattice strain definitely decreased upon more drastic thermal treatments. Meanwhile, FEG-SEM and TEM observations on the same samples confirmed the growth of the garnet particles as a function of the thermal treatment.

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38

Liu, Jian An, Mei Mei Zhang, and Xue Na Yang. "Preparation and Characterization of Yttrium Iron Garnet Glass-Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.767.

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Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) glass ceramic was successfully synthesized by aqueous aolution-melt method. The as-prepared base glass was heat treated at different temperature and investigated by XRD and VSM. The annealed glass at 580°C shows the formation of magnetite structure with saturation magnetization of 10.6A·m2/kg.And the annealed glass heat treating at 850°C for 6h, show the formation of garnet structure with saturation magnetization of 18.2A·m2/kg.

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39

Butek, Juraj, Ján Spišiak, and Stanislava Milovská. "Garnet-Vesuvianite Equilibrium in Rodingites from Dobšiná (Western Carpathians)." Minerals 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020189.

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Intensively metasomatized rocks from serpentinized ultramafic tectonic fragments in Dobšiná, Western Carpathians, consist of typical rodingite mineral association: hydrated garnet, vesuvianite, diopside and clinochlore. Electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and Micro-Raman analyses of the main minerals evidence complex mineralogical evolution and variable mineral chemistry. Garnet solid solution is dominated by grossular-andradite series, which demonstrates a significant degree of hydration, mainly for grossular rich garnet cores. Garnet is locally enriched in TiO2 (up to 13 wt%), possibly indicating a chemical relic of a Ti-oxide mineral. Younger, andradite-richer garnet rims demonstrate a low degree of hydration, suggesting a harder incorporation of an (OH)− anion into its crystal structure. Garnet chemical variations display an ideal negative correlation between Al and (Fe3+ + Ti). The most recent mineral phase is represented by euhedral vesuvianite (± chlorite), which crystallizes at the expense of the garnet solid solution. This reaction shows a well-equilibrated character and indicates a high extent of rodingitization process. Chlorite thermometry models suggest an average temperature of late rodingite (trans) formation of about 265 °C.

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Κατερινόττουλος, Α., Π. Βουδούρης, and Χ. Κανελλόπουλος. "GRANATITIC SKARN DEVELOPMENT, IN AMPHIBOLITES, NEAR THE THERAPIO VILLAGE, EVROS PREFECTURE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16748.

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A new skarn, near Therapio village, in the Evros prefecture, is described in terms of mineralogy and petrogenesis. The skarn is developed in amphibolites in close relation with pegmatite veins. It is constituted of garnet, magnetite and quartz, while retrograde minerals are actinolite, and chlorite, along with sulfides and hematite, some of them also found in the host rock. The mode of skarn growth and its close relation with the pegmatite veins indicate the genetic relation between them. At the same time, the cataclastic structure of the garnets and the magnetite as well as the brittle structures, imply later tectonism. According to the field observations and the results of the laboratory study, the Therapio skarn is a result of the metasomatism due to the intrusion of the pegmatite veins into the protolite amphibolite.

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41

FERNANDEZ-GARCIA, LUCIA, MARTA SUAREZ, and JOSE LUIS MENENDEZ. "OPTICAL AND MAGNETO-OPTICAL ACTIVITY ON PARTIALLY SINTERED Y3Fe5O12 MATERIALS." Functional Materials Letters 03, no. 04 (December 2010): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604710001329.

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The optical and magneto-optical activities of yttrium iron garnet are shown to depend on the sintering stage. Low density yttrium iron garnet presents a lower optical activity than the high density garnet. The magneto-optical activity decreases at energies in which the optical transitions are associated to crystal field, indicating a relationship between the optical activity and the distortion of the structure. Finally, a calculation routine has been given to obtain the different elements of the dielectric tensor in bulk materials.

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42

Embey-Isztin, A., H. G. Scharbert, H. Dietrich, and H. Poultidis. "Mafic granulites and clinopyroxenite xenoliths from the Transdanubian Volcanic Region (Hungary): implications for the deep structure of the Pannonian Basin." Mineralogical Magazine 54, no. 376 (September 1990): 463–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1990.054.376.12.

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AbstractThe Transdanubian Volcanic Region (TVR) is composed mainly of Pliocene alkali basalts, basanites, olivine basalts and olivine tholeiites, as well as rare nephelinites. The partial melting and genesis of alkali basaltic liquids is a consequence of an upwelling of the upper mantle which also caused thinning of the lithosphere and recent sinking of the Pannonian Basin.Four different types of lower crustal and upper-mantle xenoliths are found within the TVR: garnet-free and garnet-bearing granulites, clinopyroxenites and spinel lherzolites. We present mineralogical and geochemical data on granulite facies and clinopyroxenite xenoliths from three localities in the Hungarian part of the TVR (Bondoróhegy, Szentbékálla and Szigliget). It is concluded that, whilst the protoliths of the granulite facies xenoliths were tholeiitic igneous rocks and could be part of an ancient crust, the clinopyroxenite xenoliths represent recent underplating and may have formed from an alkali basaltic liquid similar to the host lava. Planar contact relations between clinopyroxenites and spinel lherzolites as observed in composite xenoliths, as well as high Al-contents in clinopyroxenes, point to a high-pressure genesis in the upper mantle for these rocks. In contrast, geobarometrical estimates yielded only a moderate pressure range characteristic of lower crustal levels for the garnet-free granulite xenoliths (7–9 kbar). Nevertheless, two-pyroxene geothermometry yielded high temperatures of equilibration (>900°C) for these xenoliths, probably caused by advective heat transfer connected with underplating and in agreement with the high present-day geothermal gradient of this region. In the Central Range localities only garnet-free granulite xenoliths occur, whereas at the border of the TVR both garnet-free and garnet-bearing granulite facies nodules are found. It is possible that the incoming of garnet is retarded by higher temperatures in the lower crust below the Central Range.It is also suggested that the difference in seismically measured crustal thickness between the Central Range and adjacent basin areas may be connected with different thermal conditions below these regions and that the seismically defined Moho and the petrological Moho do not necessarily coincide.

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43

Lazcano-Ortiz, Zorayda, Cesar L. Ordóñez-Romero, Jorge Luis Domínguez-Juárez, Guillermo Monsivais, Rafael Quintero-Torres, Daniel Matatagui, José Roberto Fragoso-Mora, Naser Qureshi, and Oleg Kolokoltsev. "Magnonic Crystal with Strips of Magnetic Nanoparticles: Modeling and Experimental Realization via a Dip-Coating Technique." Magnetochemistry 7, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7120155.

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In this article, we describe a magnonic crystal formed by magnetite nanoparticles. The periodic strip-like structure of the nanoparticles was fabricated on the surface of thin yttrium iron garnet single-crystal film grown on a gallium–gadolinium garnet substrate via dip-coating techniques. It was shown that such periodic structure induces the formation of the bandgaps in the transmission spectra of magnetostatic surface spin-waves (MSSW). The structure was simulated by the transfer matrix method. Spin-wave detection has been carried out by using a pair of microwave antennas and a vector network analyzer.

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44

Huifang, Wu, Yue Lingzhi, Wang Zhiyuan, He Jiang, Chen Ruoya, and Li Xiang. "Filtration characteristics of garnet media before and after modification." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 10, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.070.

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Abstract High-temperature calcination was used to modify garnet media. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential analysis, and a static adsorption experiment on humic acid removal were carried out to compare unmodified garnet and traditional quartz sand. Fitting adsorption isotherm of the media before and after modification was conducted to determine the adsorption type, and a dynamic filtration experiment was performed to treat micro-polluted water. Results of the characterization analysis and the static adsorption experiment revealed that, compared with the smooth surface of unmodified garnet, the surface of modified garnet media was covered with Fe2O3, which showed a rough concave-convex structure with a specific area that was 2.44 times larger than that of unmodified garnet. The removal efficiency of organic matter after modification increased from 2.5–4.5% to 51.7–63.1%, and the adsorption capacity increased 11–24 times. The adsorption type of the modified garnet media belongs to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption mode, while that of the original media belongs to the Freundlich adsorption mode. Results of the dynamic filtration experiment revealed that the effect of modified garnet media on turbidity, CODMn, and UV254 removal was better than that of unmodified garnet and traditional quartz sand.

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45

Degeling, H., S. Eggins, and D. J. Ellis. "Zr budgets for metamorphic reactions, and the formation of zircon from garnet breakdown." Mineralogical Magazine 65, no. 6 (December 2001): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461016560006.

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AbstractThe construction of zirconium (Zr) budgets for metamorphic reactions in high-grade rocks provides new insight into zircon growth during metamorphism. In this study we target reactions involving garnet, as they enable zircon growth to be related to known pressure and temperature conditions. Two reactions involving the breakdown of Zr-bearing garnet from Rogaland, SW Norway have been investigated in detail, showing contrasting behaviour of Zr, with zircon formation being subject to the solubility of Zr in product phases. In the decompression reaction garnet + sillimanite + quartz → cordierite, Zr released during garnet breakdown cannot be incorporated into the cordierite structure, resulting in zircon nucleation and growth. In contrast, for the reaction garnet + biotite + sillimanite + quartz → osumilite + orthopyroxene + spinel + magnetite, no new zircon growth takes place, despite the garnet involved containing more than double the Zr concentration of the former reaction. In the latter case, all the Zr released by garnet breakdown can be detected in the product phases osumilite and orthopyroxene, thereby preventing growth of new metamorphic zircon. This study highlights the potential for high resolution geochronology in metamorphic rocks by relating zircon growth to specific metamorphic reactions.

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Basiladze, Georgy, Aleksandr Dolgov, Vladimir Berzhansky, Andrey Karavainikov, and Anatoly Prokopov. "Waveguide magnetoplasmonic structure based on ferrite garnet film." EPJ Web of Conferences 185 (2018): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818502013.

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The magnetoplasmonic structure, which is a planar multimode magnetooptical waveguide, 10 μm thick with plasmon resonance SiO2 / Cu coating on the surface is experimentally realized. With the total length of the magnetooptical waveguide 4.6 mm and the length of the SiO2 / Cu coating equal to 3.9 mm, the insertion loss of the structure for TM- and TE-polarized light was 22 and 4 dB, respectively, at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Linearly polarized light was launched into the magneto-optical waveguide using a SMF-28 single-mode optical fiber coupled to the polished input edge of the waveguide. The structure is of interest for use as miniature magnetically controlled modulators of light intensity.

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47

Vakhitov, R. M., and E. G. Shanina. "Domain structure of (011) crystalline garnet ferrite plates." Technical Physics 48, no. 7 (July 2003): 866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1593192.

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48

Akimov, M. L., P. A. Polyakov, and N. N. Usmanov. "A mixed domain structure in ferrite-garnet films." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 94, no. 2 (February 2002): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1458478.

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49

Hock, Rainer, Hartmut Fuess, Thomas Vogt, and Michel Bonnet. "Low temperature magnetic structure of erbium iron garnet." Zeitschrift f�r Physik B Condensed Matter 82, no. 2 (June 1991): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01324338.

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50

Yushchuk, S. I. "Layered structure of epitaxial yttrium iron garnet films." Technical Physics 44, no. 12 (December 1999): 1454–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1259547.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Garnet structure'

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