Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Garnet structure'
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Ramesh, Mahadevan. "Coupled oscillations of the magnetic domain-domain wall system in substituted garnet thin films /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262513407393.
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Asami, Kazuki. "Lanthanoid Activated Phosphors with 5d-4f Visible Luminescence for Lighting Applications: Development and Characterization Based on Control of Electronic Structure and Ligand Field." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242726.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第21849号
人博第878号
新制||人||210(附属図書館)
2018||人博||878(吉田南総合図書館)
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻
(主査)教授 田部 勢津久, 教授 内本 喜晴, 教授 加藤 立久, 教授 吉田 寿雄
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Chun, Yoonsoo. "Domain coupling and resistance in perpendicularly magnetized metal-oxide bilayers /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10570.
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Qassym, Lilia. "Etude et mise au point de ferrites de structure grenat à basse température de frittage pour intégration dans les circulateurs hyperfréquences." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS479/document.
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Les systèmes embarqués dans les aéronefs comme dans les véhicules spatiaux doivent impérativement se conformer aux impératifs de masse et de volume mais aussi de coût. Les modules actifs pour antenne à balayage électronique constituent, dans ce cadre, un enjeu stratégique majeur en termes de masse, de volume et de fiabilité. Dans une antenne à balayage électronique actuelle, on peut trouver jusqu’à 1000 modules, chacun étant équipé d’un circulateur-isolateur afin de garantir ses performances. La technologie des circulateurs et des isolateurs à ferrite reste la plus performante en termes d’isolation et de pertes d’insertion. Elle est de plus totalement passive et ne demande aucune énergie extérieure pour son fonctionnement. Elle reste néanmoins coûteuse car la fabrication industrielle de ces dispositifs consiste à assembler mécaniquement de nombreuses pièces usinées précisément : céramiques magnétiques et diélectriques, aimants, conducteurs en cuivre et pièces en métal magnétique doux. De plus, le niveau d’intégration recherché nécessite de réduire les dimensions sans augmenter les pertes pour des niveaux de puissance qui peuvent être importants. S’inspirant des composants céramiques multicouches (condensateurs et inductances) ainsi que de la technologie LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics), une nouvelle voie de fabrication de ces composants, en rupture avec les technologies d’assemblage traditionnelles, est abordée dans ces travaux de thèse. L’idée consiste à réaliser par cofrittage le cœur du composant qui est le plus délicat à ajuster et qui détermine le volume final. Les ferrites qui constituent actuellement le cœur des circulateurs sont principalement des grenats ferrimagnétiques fabriqués par des techniques céramiques classiques et frittés à haute température (> 1400°C). Pour les rendre compatibles de la technologie LTCC, il est nécessaire de diminuer leur température de frittage. Les températures visées doivent être inférieures à 1000°C pour pouvoir cofritter avec des parties métalliques en or et si possible être proches de 900°C pour espérer cofritter avec de l’argent. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de mettre au point des grenats ferrimagnétiques pour des applications en hyperfréquences présentant des températures de frittage proche de 900°C. Ces ferrites ont alors été utilisés pour la réalisation de circulateurs hyperfréquences, composants indispensables dans les systèmes de Radars et de télécommunications. De plus, des études d’optimisation des propriétés magnétiques et diélectriques de ces ferrites ont aussi été réalisées pour adapter le ferrite aux conditions de fonctionnement (gamme de fréquence et niveau de puissance)Embedded systems in aircraft must comply with the requirements of mass, volume and cost. The active modules of electronic scanning antenna are, in this context, a strategic challenge in terms of mass, volume and reliability. Today, there are up to 1000 modules per antenna, each one containing a circulator-isolator in order to guarantee its performances. The technology of ferrite circulators and isolators remains the most efficient in terms of isolation and insertion losses. It is also fully passive as no external energy is required to work. However this technology is expensive due to complex mechanical assembling of the different materials: magnetic and dielectric ceramics, magnets, conductors made of copper and soft metallic material. The integration of such devices also requires the reduction of dimensions without increasing losses for power levels that can be high. Based on by multilayer ceramic components (capacitors and inductors) as well as Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC) technology, a new way of manufacturing these components, is investigated in this PhD work.. The idea is to be able to cofire the heart of the component which is the most difficult to adjust and also determines the final volume. The ferrites which currently constitute the core of the circulators are ferrimagnetic garnets synthetized by using a conventional ceramic process and sintered at high temperature (> 1400°C). To make them compatible with LTCC technology, it is essential to reduce their sintering temperature. The targeted temperatures must be less than 1000°C in order to cofire with gold metal parts and, if possible, close to 900°C for circulators with silver. In this context, the objective of this PhD work was to develop a ferrimagnetic garnet for microwave applications with sintering temperatures close to 900°C. This ferrite was then used for the preparation of microwave circulators which are essential components in radar and telecommunications systems. In addition, studies of optimization of the magnetic and dielectric properties have also been carried out to meet the operating requirements (frequency band and power level)
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Edwards, A. R. "Defects and diffusion in garnet structured silicates." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1991. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606285.
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O'Callaghan, Michael Patrick. "Structure and ionic transport properties of lithium-conducting garnets." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493341.
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This thesis describes the synthesis and characterisation of three related series of lithium-containing garnets. All compounds have been synthesised by conventional solid-state ceramic methods at temperatures up to 960 °C.
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Ross, Kirk Campbell. "XRD Structural Assessment of Peridotitic Garnet with Anomalous REE Distribution." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2013. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2028.
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This thesis explored, as its major aim, the crystallographic and compositional characteristics of a particular type of peridotitic garnet associated with kimberlite. This garnet has a highly sinusoidal rare-earth element (REE) pattern as its distinguishing feature. Before the main research question could be addressed, a technique had to be developed that enabled the rapid and straight-forward acquisition of a full profile digital X-ray diffractogram from a single sub-milligram crystal fragment. After extensive experimentation and testing, successful development and realization of a method that is capable of producing such data was achieved. The next step of this research project was to empirically investigate and assess the crystal lattice strain model (CLSM) of Blundy and Wood (1994). Careful analyses of the REE present in a suite of clinopyroxenes were compared to the crystal structure data given from the XRD technique outlined above. Clinopyroxene is particularly useful for such an assessment because the radius of the M2 site in this mineral is between the largest and smallest REE, making the distribution of REE particularly sensitive to variation of the M2 site, which in turn is a direct consequence of the overall pyroxene structure. Subsequent to illustrating that XRD data could be collected on such small material and the XRD data and structural data given from the CLSM correlate strongly, peridotitic garnets with sinusoidal REE patters were investigated. The conclusions drawn in the first two contributions – namely that it was possible to collect accurate and precise XRD data from sub-milligram specimens and that the crystal structure and REE distribution were directly related – were imperative for the deduction of conclusions in the final, major research question. The XRD analysis of many garnets with and without sinusoidal REE patterns showed the presence of a small amount of an additional phase in some of these garnets. While this phase (2 out of 3 peaks indexed as possibly orthorhombic perovskite) is not present in sufficient quantities to give rise to such a strong sinusoidal segment in the garnet REE pattern, it prompted the critical step forward in formulating a working hypothesis for the otherwise inexplicable REE patterns. Specifically, I posit that many of the sinusoidal garnets may originally have precipitated as a very high pressure phase (in the mantle transition zone or deeper) that subsequently underwent a subsolidus isochemical transformation to garnet. Possible original precursor mineralogy is a combination of two perovskites or a perovskite +
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garnet assemblage. Theoretical calculation using experimental partition coefficients demonstrated that a mixture of Ca-perovskite (CaPv) and Mg-perovskite (MgPv) REE patterns in the approximate proportions of 10% CaPv and 90% MgPv produce a REE diagram that is strikingly similar to those observed in sinusoidal single phase garnet. It has been shown experimentally that with increasing depth in the mantle, garnet plus a progressively increasing CaPv component is the stable mineral assemblage. Initial precipitation of two perovskites or CaPv + garnet as cumulates from a deep magma ocean would preserve the REE distribution of these minerals. Subsequent exhumation of such an assemblage would result in the retrogressive subsolidus phase transformation to a mineral stable at conditions of T and P of the shallow mantle environment, i.e. garnet, while retaining the REE pattern of the initial precipitate mineral assemblage. While this working hypothesis will require many more tests, its proposal may have significant implications for the mantle structure.
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Guillery, Pierre. "Étude de l'interaction sol-structure au site instrumenté de Garner Valley, Californie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27774.
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Le site de Garner Valley, Californie, est un site dont l’instrumentation est sismique, géotechnique et structurelle. Les enregistrements effectués sur la structure test du site permettent d’étudier l’interaction sol-structure. Il s’agit du phénomène qui différencie la réponse d’une structure réelle – reposant sur un sol flexible – et celle de la structure où la fondation est idéalisée comme rigide et reposant sur un sol également rigide. Dans le but de mettre en œuvre l’analyse de l’interaction sol-structure sur le site de Garner Valley via la méthode des sous-structures, les paramètres géotechniques nécessaires à la constitution de la fonction d’impédance de la fondation sont étudiés par analyse paramétrique de la réponse d’une colonne de sol uni-axiale par modèle linéaire équivalent à partir des données sismiques et géotechniques de terrain. La réduction de module de cisaillement G/Gmax et l’amortissement hystérétique du sol βs ainsi trouvés permettent en association aux données géométriques et géotechniques de constituer les équations des ressorts et amortisseurs qui sont utilisés en fonction d’impédance pour la constitution du modèle d’analyse par méthode des sous-structures. La taille réduite de la fondation permet l’hypothèse d’absence de rotation et torsion. Les ressorts sont alors implantés verticalement et horizontalement. L’analyse de l’interaction cinématique est effectuée : malgré la taille réduite de la fondation et les différences mineures entre Free Field Motion et Foundation Input Motion, les effets sont notoires avec une baisse de l’accélération maximale de la structure. La baisse majeure de l’accélération maximale de la structure calculée en prenant compte l’interaction sol-structure correspond aux données de terrain. Les effets typiques de l’interaction inertielle - allongement de la période et augmentation de l’amortissement - sont par ailleurs observés et comparés à des résultats théoriques.The Garner Valley site in California is a seismic, geotechnical and structural instrumented site. The structural recordings on the test structure provides data for soil-structure interaction studies. Soil structure interaction is the phenomenon that differentiate the response of a structure based on an perfectly rigid foundation within a perfectly rigid soil, from the response of a structure in reality. In order to analyse soil-structure interaction effects on the Garner Valley test structure, using the substructure analysis method, geotechnical and structural parameters which are necessary for the constitution of the foundation impedance function are analysed by a dynamic parametric analysis of the soil column under seismic load, using uniaxial linear equivalent model, from seismic and geotechnical in-situ data. The shear modulus reduction and hysteretic damping of the soil are therefore found and can be used in combination with geometrical and geotechnical data to calculate the springs and dashpots equations, used as solutions for the foundation impedance function needed in the substructure approach. The small size of the foundation at Garner Valley allows the non-rotational and non-torsional foundation hypothesis. Springs and dashpots are then implemented in addition of the fixed base model, horizontally and vertically. Kinematic interaction is also studied, even though the foundation size is small and the difference between foundation input motion and free field motion are minimal, the use of foundation input motion as input reduces maximum acceleration on top of the structure. This reduction matches the in-situ levels of maximum acceleration when the foundation is flexible, using springs and dashpots. The results of inertial interaction, period lengthening and damping increase, are also noticed, and compared to theoretical results.
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Zhao, Tianming. "A Water Garden: Celebrating the Beauty of Nature." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/92872.
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Nature, as the major consideration of the Organic Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, has constantly been favored as a path for a pure soul to communicate with the spiritual. Inspired by Wright's Organic Architecture and Traditional Chinese Garden, this thesis celebrates the beauty of Nature in Pandapas Pond, Giles County, VA, where a "Water Garden" is created on the open space defined by its water. Formally, the whole garden complex takes the inspiration from lotus flowers floating on the water, which could be thought of as an "organic system of architecture."Master of Architecture
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Dansereau, Ginette. "Essai sur la structure de L'offrande I de Serge Garant." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65548.
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CHIRIU, DANIELE. "Optical and structural characterization of crystalline oxides for laser applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/265947.
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The development of new solid-state lasers, especially those operating between 0.9 and 3.0 µm, has renewed general interest in the optical properties of rare-earth ions (Re3+) in crystalline oxides with garnet structure. At this purpose, the aim of this study concerns the optical and structural characterization of crystalline oxides for laser application, with the prospective of enhancing efficiency and tunability of solid state lasers, and the experimentation of new materials able to meet specific technological purposes. The development of new laser materials, with mixed structure, for example, is devoted to the remote sensing of the atmosphere. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) or differential absorption lidar (DIAL) techniques can be applied to determine molecular constituent concentrations present in the atmosphere, such as water vapor. The possibility of tuning the laser emission to investigate the desired molecule easily explains the growing interest in the optical characterization of mixed garnet materials. In this scenery mixed garnet host materials, like Y3Al5O12 (YAG), Y3Sc2Ga3O12 (YSGG), Gd3Sc2Ga3O12 (GSGG) and Y3Sc2Al3O12 (YSAG), doped with lanthanides allow the so-called compositional tuning. In this work we studied the optical and structural properties of two different materials with garnet structure: yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12 - YAG) doped with Fe3+ ions, and the mixed structure Y3Sc2Ga3O12 (YSGG) - Y3Al5O12 (YAG) doped with Neodymium.
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Ciubotariu, Oana-Tereza [Verfasser], and Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Albrecht. "Rare-earth iron garnet thin films: structural and magnetic properties / Oana-Tereza Ciubotariu ; Betreuer: Manfred Albrecht." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222437198/34.
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Guerra, Gabriel Andrés Fonseca. "Study of the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect in hybrid structures with yttrium iron garnet and various metallic materials." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12719.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científi co e Tecnol ógico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ní vel Superior; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; Fundação de Amparo a Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco.
In this master thesis we study experimentally the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE) in bilayers made of a ferromagnetic insulator (FMI) and a metallic layer (M). We also present a theoretical model based on the spin current density ⃗ Js carried by a non-equilibrium magnon distribution, generated by a thermal gradient ∇T across the thickness of the FMI. When ⃗ Js reach the FMI/M interface it is pumped towards the M layer due to conservation of the angular momentum, so, the M layer is essential for the LSSE existence. Here the FMI consists of a Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) lm, grown over a Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG) substrate. Different metallic materials were used as the M layer i.e. Pt and Ta that have normal behavior and Py that is a ferromagnetic metal (FMM). The experimental procedure consists of systematic measurements of the electric voltage VISHE, produced by ⃗ Js through the Inverse Spin Hall Effect (ISHE) in the normal metal or (FMM) layer. In YIG/Pt measurements were done in the temperature range from 20 to 300 K. The experimental data are tted to the proposed model for the LSSE and good agreement is obtained. The results shows that the Py and Ta can be used to detect the LSSE with the ISHE. The results of this master thesis have strong interest in the area of spin caloritronics helping to the development of the eld and to raise possibilities of new spintronic devices. ----- Nesta diserta ção e estudado experimentalmente o Efeito Seebeck de Spin Longi- tudinal (LSSE), em bicamadas formadas por um isolante ferromagn etico (FMI) e um lme metalico (M). Tamb em foi desenvolvido um modelo te orico baseado na den- sidade de corrente de spin ⃗ Js que existe quando uma distribui c~ao de m agnons fora do equil brio e gerada por um gradiente t ermico ∇T aplicado na sec ção transversal do FMI. Quando ⃗ Js chega na interface FMI/M e bombeada para a camada M satis- fazendo a conserva ção do momentum angular, assim que a camada NM e essencial para ter um LSSE. Como camada FMI foi utilizada a granada de trio e ferro (YIG) crescida num substrato de (GGG). Diferentes materiais metalicos foram utilizados como camada M, sendo Pt e Ta paramagn eticos e o Py ferromagnetico. O proced- imento experimental consiste na medi c~ao sistem atica da voltagem el etrica VISHE, que e produzida por ⃗ Js por meio do efeito Hall de spin inverso (ISHE) que ocorre na camada M. As medidas em YIG/Pt foram feitas numa faixa ampla de temperatura de 20 a 300 K. Os dados experimentais são fi tados com a teoria proposta para o LSSE encontrando-se boa concordância. Nossos resultados mostram que o Py e o Ta s~ao bons candidatos para detec ção do LSSE. Esta disserta ção e de grande interesse na area da caloritrônica de spin, ajudando no desenvolvimento deste campo e na concep ção de novos dispositivos tecnol ogicos baseados na spintrônica.
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Chism, Jay Shelby. "Evaluation of intercropping vegetables within a high tunnel /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421124.
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Stammarnäs, Märta. "COVID-19 and the buyer-supplier relationship in the ready-made garment supply chain : A Bangladeshi perspective." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26322.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate what effect COVID-19 has had on the buyer-supplier relationship (BSR) in the ready-made garment (RMG) supply chain (SC) - focusing mainly on the Bangladeshi supplier point of view, but with a complementary perspective of the buyer. As the area is new and relatively unexplored, there is a gap in previous literature and research. It has not previously been studied how COVID-19 affected the relationship between buyer and supplier in the RMG SC. This study aims to narrow this gap. In this study, a qualitative research strategy was adopted, emphasizing words rather than quantification in the data collection and analysis. An inductive approach was used, starting from collecting data, where theories and literature are proposed towards the end of the research process as a result of interviews. A narrative state of the art review of literature was conducted to provide a comprehensive and unbiased review. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with Bangladeshi supplier managers were conducted over Zoom or Teams. The empirical data were coded in first-order concepts, second-order concepts, and aggregate level through the qualitative research program Nvivo. Four main second-order concepts could be identified from the interviews with the supplier side. The codes and empirical data were then analyzed through a developed analysis model based on the Conceptual Model of Social Capital. The effects that COVID-19 has had on BSR from a Bangladeshi supplier perspective are discussed and presented.
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Gharipour, Mohammad. "Pavilion structure in Persianate gardens: reflections in the textual and visual media." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33831.
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The pavilion structure has been an integral part of Persianate gardens since its earliest appearance at the Achaemenid garden in Pasargadae (sixth century BC). Despite its significance, the scholarly focus on the study of gardens has somewhat sidelined the study of the pavilions and even neglected the cultural context of the development of the pavilions. The pavilion as a theme appears after the maturation of the concept of paradise as a garden in Near Eastern mythological and religious texts. The Quran is the first known text that integrated the two concepts of pavilion and garden in the imaginary paradise. Later, Persian poetry defines specific relationships between human beings, pavilions, and gardens while stressing the psychological and material values of pavilions and gardens.
Three types of resources were consulted to reconstruct the image of pavilion: literary documents (including mythology and poetry), different types of art (ranging from painting to carpets), and historical accounts. Referring to these allows us to explore the diversity of the pavilion's image in each medium and its degree of correspondence to reality. This dissertation explores the diversity of the pavilion (tent, kiosk, or building), its spatial, formal, and functional relationship with gardens as a flexible entity, and its cultural use. The historical accounts discussed in this dissertation prove the existence of buildings in gardens, the common use of tents as temporary residences, gender specificity of pavilions, and the multi-functionality of gardens for encampments, administrative affairs, and pilgrimages.
The pavilion as building is well documented in both visual and literary media. While poetry draws a clear boundary between the garden and building as separate entities, painting merges or separates the building and garden (as courtyard or planted area) physically, formally, and symbolically. The building in poetry is usually associated with the materialistic world, whereas the garden is often associated with the ideal world. This is, to some extent, visible in paintings in which the geometrical design of the building and the courtyard acts as a reference to the material world. The frequent reference to iwan as a consistent design element in painting and travelers' accounts proves its significance as an intermediate space between inside and outside the pavilion as a building.
Tents in gardens appear less frequently in poetry and painting than they do in textual sources. On the other hand, historical documents rarely point to kiosks or semi-open spaces in gardens, whereas kiosks are widely developed in paintings. The examination of paintings also reveals formal and functional similarities between the throne and kiosk. The kiosk appears in close physical and visual contact with natural components of gardens, and even serves as a connector between the garden and building. The pavilion as a kiosk is, however, to a large extent absent in poetry and historical documents probably due to the dominant interest in buildings. This research proves the dominant cultural view on the functional flexibility of Persianate gardens between the 14th and 18th centuries in using pavilion structures varying in form, function, and scale.
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Silva, Edilmara Michelly Souza da. "Anatomia e análise do óleo essencial dos órgãos vegetativos de Aldama tenuifolia (Gardner) E.E.Schill. & Panero e A. kunthiana (Gardner) E.E.Schill. & Panero (Asteraceae - Heliantheae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-10092013-160001/.
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As espécies sul-americanas do gênero Viguiera Kunth foram transferidas para o gênero Aldama La Llave com base em estudos moleculares. Porém, a circunscrição de Aldama tenuifolia (Gardner) E.E.Schill. & Panero e A. kunthiana (Gardner) E.E.Schill. & Panero, pertencentes à Seção Paradosa, série Tenuifolieae ainda não está bem estabelecida, pois as espécies são morfologicamente muito próximas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a anatomia e o rendimento e a composição química do óleo essencial dos órgãos vegetativos das referidas espécies, visando fornecer dados que auxiliem na delimitação das mesmas. Para as análises anatômicas, as amostras de folhas, caules aéreos, xilopódios e raízes de três indivíduos de cada espécie foram fixadas em FAA 50 ou em solução de Karnovsky, infiltradas em hidroxi-etil-metacrilato, seccionadas em micrótomo rotativo, coradas e montadas em resina sintética. Também foram realizados testes histoquímicos em materiais frescos ou fixados incluídos ou não em hidroxi-etil-metacrilato Para a análise da superfície foliar utilizou-se a técnica de dissociação de epiderme e microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, utilizando os procedimentos usuais de preparação. A extração do óleo essencial (OE) foi realizada por hidrodestilação em sistema do tipo Clevenger, separadamente para cada órgão e espécie. Os óleos essenciais (OE\'s) foram analisados em Cromatografia a Gás acoplada a Detector de Massas com amostras na concentração de 20mg/mL em acetato de etila. No estudo anatômico foi possível verificar que as folhas das duas espécies diferem quanto ao contorno da parede das células epidérmicas em secção paradérmica, ocorrência de canal secretor no floema primário e no parênquima fundamental da nervura central. Em relação ao caule, a diferença mais marcante foi a ocorrência de canais secretores no floema primário e secundário e, em relação à raiz, o grau de participação da atividade cambial no processo de tuberização. O xilopódio não apresentou diferenças estruturais entre as espécies. As duas espécies apresentaram em comum a ocorrência de estruturas secretoras, tais como tricomas glandulares, espaços secretores internos e hidatódios. Os maiores valores de rendimento dos OE\'s foram verificados para os órgãos subterrâneos. Nas folhas, xilopódios e raízes das duas espécies foram encontrados os mesmos compostos majoritários, apenas com variação de porcentagens relativas. Também foram identificados compostos exclusivos às espécies (?-felandreno, ?-patchouleno, ?-isocomeno e longifoleno-(V4) para A. tenuifolia; cipereno para A. kunthiana) que podem, em conjunto com os compostos comuns às duas espécies, fornecer um perfil químico característico para cada uma delas. Portanto, o estudo anatômico e da composição química dos OE´s dos órgãos vegetativos de A. tenuifolia e A. kunthiana, que são consideradas morfologicamente muito semelhantes, podem auxiliar na diferenciação dessas espécies.South American species of Viguiera were transferred to the genus Aldama based on molecular studies. However, the circunscription of Aldama tenuifolia (Gardner) E.E.Schill. & Panero and A. kunthiana (Gardner) E.E.Schill. & Panero, belonging to Section Paradosa, series Tenuifolieae, is not yet well established because these species are morphologically very similar. The aim of the present study was to analyze the anatomy of the vegetative organs and the yield and chemical composition of essential oil of these species in order to provide data to help in their circumscription. For anatomical analyzes, leaves, aerial stems, xylopodia and roots from three individuals of each species were fixed in FAA 50 or in Karnovsky solution, infiltrated in hydroxyethyl methacrylate, sectioned with a rotary microtome, stained and mounted in synthetic resin. Histochemical tests were also performed on fresh or fixed material embedded or not in hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The analysis of the leaf surface was performed by light microscopy using the technique of dissociation of the epidermis and by scanning electron microscopy using the usual procedures of preparation. The extraction of essential oil (EO) was performed by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type system, separately for each organ of each species. Essential oils (EO\'s) were analyzed by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Detector with samples in 20mg/mL concentration in ethyl acetate. The anatomical study showed that the leaves of the two species differ in the outline of the epidermal cell wall in front view side and in the occurrence of secretory canals in primary phloem and ground parenchyma of the midrib. In relation to the stem, the most remarkable difference was the occurrence of secretory canals in the primary and secondary phloem and in relation to the root was the degree of cambial activity participation in tuberisation process. The highest OE\'s yields were verified to the underground organs. For the leaves, xylopodia and roots of both species, the same major compounds were found, varying only the relative percentages. In addition, unique compounds (?-phelandrene, ?-patchoulene, ?-isocomene and longifolene-(V4) for A. tenuifolia and cyperene for A. kunthiana) were also identified that can, along with the compounds common to all two species, provide a characteristic chemical profile for each of these species. Therefore, the studies of the anatomy and of the chemical composition of OE\'s of the vegetative organs of A. tenuifolia and A. kunthiana, which are considered morphologically very similar, may help differentiate these species.
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Savage, R. W. H. "Structure and sorcery : The aesthetics of post-war serial composition and indeterminacy." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377937.
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Liu, Men-Chou. "Crystal Spring Park: a garden for South Roanoke." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53291.
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Every few square miles in the rural area of Taiwan, there is a tiny little building similar to this that houses the God of Earth and his wife. In most cases, an old tree will stand right beside the shrine like guarding the surrounding area. It is visited very often by the neighborhood residents not only for saluting the god but also for enjoying the sheltering of the tree.Master of Architecture
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Prajzner, Scott P. "Effects of land use change on bee (Anthophila) community structure and function." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480666062652755.
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Liu, Chi Hin. "Structured lighting 3D reconstruction and 3D shape matching of human model for garment industries /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202006%20LIUC.
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Dumont, Peggy Lemauff Pierre. "Les maisons médicales de garde dans les départements de Loire-Atlantique et de Vendée Organisations et objectifs de ces structures; quels obstacles et difficultés rencontrés à leur mise en place ? /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/MEDdumont.pdf.
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Kimber, Matthew Sean. "Structural studies of the chloroplastic ß-carbonic anhydrase from the common garden pea Pisum sativum." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59022.pdf.
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Grossi, Julia Cajal. "Buyer-seller relations, prices and development : a structural approach exploring the garment sector in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/72955/.
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This thesis aims at understanding how manufacturers' heterogeneity affects the configuration of trading relations and prices in a dynamic environment. The institutional context I study is that of the Ready Made Garment sector in Bangladesh over the 2005 - 2012 period. The research here represents a contribution to that goal in four dimensions. First, accessing customs records we constructed a dataset containing buyer - seller trade interactions at a disaggregated level, including volumes and unit prices of the traded goods and, for a subsample, prices and quantities of the inputs required for manufacturing them. This feature allows us to go a step further than most studies based on matched importer - exporter data and opens a fruitful research agenda. Second, using this dataset I offer a first characterisation of the dynamics of the relations between manufacturers and large international buyers in matters of (i) duration of the relations, (ii) evolution of volumes, prices, orders and profitability over time, (iii) heterogeneity of the manufacturers and (iv) the probability of trading links arising. I �nd that relations with large buyers tend to be exclusive, that higher prices are associated with longer lasting relations, which tend to grow over time and fail whenever the manufacturer starts dealing with another large player. Importantly, I present a characterisation of suppliers heterogeneity novel in the literature and show evidence on two salient facts: the higher the heterogeneity across suppliers faced by a buyer, the more persistent its relations are and the higher the markup the buyer is willing to pay. Third, I develop a dynamic discrete choice game of linking and bargaining that realises those patterns in the data. I implement an algorithm that computes Markov Perfect Equilibria to discuss aspects of computation, convergence and multiple equilibria in the game and I scan a large parameter space to characterise the mechanisms that drive the dynamics in the industry. Fourth, I present the structural approach developed by Lee and Fong (2013) for estimating network formation games with endogenous bargaining and discuss three aspects in which its application is not immediate in my setting. These are related to (i) the availability of prices in our data, (ii) the difficulties in recovering conditional choice probabilities from the data, and (iii) the construction of the distance score. These difficulties lead to a pseudo Monte Carlo exercise that compares (sixteen) alternative estimation procedures. This preliminary study suggests that restricting the objective function to the observed states, using an auxiliary parametric assumption on the conditional choice probabilities in unobserved states and exploiting the data on prices could be fertile paths to explore towards adapting Lee and Fong's approach to estimate structurally the parameters of my game with the data we constructed.
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Burney, Jennifer, Halimatou Alaofè, Rosamond Naylor, and Douglas Taren. "Impact of a rural solar electrification project on the level and structure of women’s empowerment." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625821.
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Although development organizations agree that reliable access to energy and energy services-one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals-is likely to have profound and perhaps disproportionate impacts on women, few studies have directly empirically estimated the impact of energy access on women's empowerment. This is a result of both a relative dearth of energy access evaluations in general and a lack of clarity on how to quantify gender impacts of development projects. Here we present an evaluation of the impacts of the Solar Market Garden-a distributed photovoltaic irrigation project-on the level and structure of women's empowerment in Benin, West Africa. We use a quasi-experimental design (matched-pair villages) to estimate changes in empowerment for project beneficiaries after one year of Solar Market Garden production relative to non-beneficiaries in both treatment and comparison villages (n=771). To create an empowerment metric, we constructed a set of general questions based on existing theories of empowerment, and then used latent variable analysis to understand the underlying structure of empowerment locally. We repeated this analysis at follow-up to understand whether the structure of empowerment had changed over time, and then measured changes in both the levels and likelihood of empowerment over time. We show that the Solar Market Garden significantly positively impacted women's empowerment, particularly through the domain of economic independence. In addition to providing rigorous evidence for the impact of a rural renewable energy project on women's empowerment, our work lays out a methodology that can be used in the future to benchmark the gender impacts of energy projects.
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DeBusk, Kathy Marie. "Stormwater Treatment by Two Retrofit Infiltration Practices." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32757.
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Increases in impervious surfaces associated with urbanization change stream
hydrology by increasing peak flow rates, storm-flow volumes and flood frequency, and
degrade water quality through increases in sediment, nutrient, and bacteria
concentrations. In response to water quality and quantity issues within the Stroubles
Creek watershed, the Town of Blacksburg and Virginia Tech designed and constructed
two innovative stormwater best management practices (BMPs). The goal of this project
was to evaluate the effectiveness of a bioretention cell and a CU-Structural Soilâ ¢
infiltration trench. BMP construction was completed in July 2007. Twenty-nine
precipitation events were monitored over a period of five months between October 2007
and March 2008. For each storm, inflow and outflow composite samples were collected
for each BMP and analyzed for suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorus,
fecal coliform bacteria and E-coli bacteria. The inflow and outflow concentrations and
loads, as well as total inflow and outflow volumes and peak flow rates, were then
compared to evaluate how well each BMP reduces stormwater flows, decrease peak
runoff rates and improves water quality of stormwater runoff. Results for the bioretention
cell indicate average reductions in stormwater quantity, sediment, total nitrogen, total
phosphorus and fecal coliform bacteria that exceeded 99% by mass. The CU-Structural
Soilâ ¢ infiltration trench produced reductions in stormwater quantity, total phosphorus
and sediment that averaged 60%, 45% and 51%, respectively. Preliminary bacteria
results indicated that both BMPs served as sources of E-coli, and the infiltration trench
served as a source of fecal coliform bacteria.Master of Science
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Callwood, Chaneel Marie. "Architectural nights : an articulation of the structure of "The Garden of Forking Paths" by Jorge Luis Borges and "One Hundred Years of Solitude" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23932.
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Rough, Barbara Anne. "The structure and development of commercial gardening businesses in Fulham and Hammersmith, Middlesex, c. 1680-1861." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/282872.
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This dissertation responds to Joan Thirsk's call for historians to undertake a closer investigation of commercial gardening. It adopts a micro-historical approach, to address two questions, 'What was a gardener?', and 'What was a garden business?'' Based in the parish of Fulham (including the hamlet of Hammersmith), Middlesex, the parish with the largest acreage of commercial gardening in England in 1796, the study applies nominal linkage to a variety of sources to understand more fully the gardeners, garden businesses, and gardening families between 1680 and 1861. The dissertation exploits sources with occupational descriptors, including livery company apprentice registers, bankruptcies and insolvencies, clandestine marriage registers, Bank of England accounts, and fire insurance policies, not used previously for a statistical examination of gardening. Quantitative data are set in a rich context using qualitative sources such as newspapers, Old Bailey proceedings and property surveys. Tracing occupational terms through the sources shows that records created by parish and government bodies relied on a few customary terms, each encompassing several different functions in gardening, for much longer than commercial documents, demonstrating how reliance on one source can be misleading. In this study I argue that occupational descriptors in gardening reflected the focus, but failed to capture the entirety, of what was produced in a garden business. From the early eighteenth century garden businesses should not be viewed simply as a market garden or nursery; they cultivated a diversity of horticultural products, but are also found to have had a variety of other agricultural interests and economic pursuits, introducing new products and responding to new opportunities: gardeners did not only garden. Contrary to the claims of some historians this was not just an early phase in the transition from agriculture to specialist gardening but persisted into the nineteenth century. This study contributes not only to the history of commercial gardening but also to wider debates in agricultural and business history. From four land-use maps, dated between 1747 and 1843/5 the changing acreage and locations of gardens have been identified, and the first graphical representation of the land use in the parish from the tithe apportionment schedules is presented. The complex interaction between competing land uses is examined providing new findings about how the garden industry adapted in the face of pressures from urban development and other agricultural needs. Examination of the occupational structure of the industry has been approached through several sources. Very few gardeners were apprenticed, but some families continued to obtain training as gardeners and commercial advantages through one of five different livery companies, as well as the Gardeners' Company. The parish registers give the first tentative estimate of the size of the industry, while registers of clandestine marriages suggest that gardeners were a significant proportion of the middling sort in Fulham in the early eighteenth century. Comparison of gardening occupations in the 1841, 1851 and 1861 census enumerators' books provide insights into the structure of the industry but also reveal the inconsistent application of terminology, resulting in the reliability and validity of some of the data being questioned. The implication is that only the 1851 census gives an accurate occupational structure for gardening industry. The findings of previous studies that most gardeners rented their land have been confirmed. On the bishop of London's estate the rents were low during the eighteenth century, but few gardeners were his head lessees and therefore able to benefit. Gardeners had a range of wealth, sufficient for some to have a comfortable living as part of the middling sort while a few had accrued greater wealth from gardening. Garden businesses rarely became bankrupt or insolvent and mainly when there were general economic downturns. Businesses were left predominantly to widows or sons, with the intention of keeping businesses operating and resulting in the establishment of garden business dynasties. The wealth of some businesses demonstrates the benefit of trans-generational transfer, others fared well enough for their business to continue on a smaller scale, but many names came and went from Fulham and Hammersmith commercial gardens in one generation.
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Tsujimoto, Michiaki. "Clonal population structure and genetic variation of ramet-production traits in a clonal plant, Cardamine leucantha." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253122.
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Malinský, Martin. "Založení stavby River Garden III v Praze." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227540.
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The topic of this master's thesis are the design of ensuring foundation pit and foundation of administrative building in Prague. In the vicinity of foundation pit is situated the river Vltava, which directly influences the ground water level at the job site. During construction, it is necessary to envisage the possibility of occurrence of the old building structures of docks.
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Bouenitela, Vicky Tendresse Télange. "Le domaine paléoprotérozoïque (éburnéen) de la chaîne du Mayombe (Congo-Brazzaville) : origine et évolution tectono-métamorphique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B008/document.
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La chaîne du Mayombe constitue la portion congolaise du système orogénique « Araçuaï-West Congo » qui se répartit entre la marge orientale du Brésil et la marge occidentale de l’Afrique centrale. Elle s’allonge parallèlement au littoral atlantique suivant la direction NW-SE. En tenant compte des données géochronologiques, elle se subdivise en deux domaines lithostratigraphiques : (i) le domaine paléoprotérozoïque et (ii) le domaine néoprotérozoïque. Le domaine paléoprotérozoique de la chaîne du Mayombe correspond à la partie interne de la chaîne et se caractérise par la co-existence des roches d’origine sédimentaire et magmatique déformées et métamorphisées à des degrés variés. Ces roches se répartissent en trois principaux groupes lithologiques : (i) le Groupe de la Loémé, (ii) le Groupe de la Loukoula et (iii) le Groupe de la Bikossi. L’analyse structurale des Groupes de la Loémé et de la Loukoula montre que ceux-ci sont plissés et fracturés. Dans le Groupe de la Loémé les plis présentent des axes qui s’orientent dans les directions NE-SW, NNE-SSW et N-S tandis que dans le Groupe de la Loukoula, le plissement se fait suivant la direction NE-SW. Le Groupe de la Bikossi se caractérise par des plis qui s’orientent dans les directions identifiées dans les précédants Groupes. L’étude géochimique réalisée sur les échantillons provenant du domaine paléoprotérozoïque de la chaîne du Mayombe montre que ce dernier est hétérogénique c’est-à-dire qu’il implique des terrains d’origine et de lithologie variées. La caractérisation pétrologique des ensembles lithologiques des groupes de la Loémé et de la Loukoula montre que ceux-ci sont affectés par au moins deux événements métamorphiques distincts qui se superposent. Le premier événement se traduit par des paragenèses à grenat-biotite-oligoclase dans les métapélites et par le développement de la hornblende brune dans les métabasites permettant ainsi de situer le contexte d’évolution dans le faciès des amphibolites. Le second événement s’enregistre de façon différente dans le Groupe de la Loémé et dans le Groupe de la Loukoula. Il se traduit respectivement par des assemblages à grenat-biotite-oligoclase dans les formtaions du Groupe de la Loémé et par une paragenèse à chlorite-albite-épidote dans le Groupe de la Loukoula. Les échantillons rattachés au Groupe de la Bikossi ne présentent que les traces d’un seul événement métamorphique marqué par les paragenèses à grenat-biotite-muscovite et grenat-chloritoïde-chlorite avec une température oscillant entre 510-568°C pour une pression d’environ 8 kbar. La datation U-Pb sur zircons a permis de : (i) définir les sources des matériaux détritiques ayant constitué les bassins évoluant de l’Archéen au Protérozoïque (3300-1500) ; (ii) de confirmer l’âge paléoprotérozoïque (2070-2040 Ma) du magmatisme éburnéen ainsi que l’âge néoprotérozoïque (925 Ma) des granites de type Mfoubou et Mont Kanda et (iii) mettre en évidence des perturbations du système isotopique U-Pb des zircons à 642 ± 36 Ma et 539 ± 18 Ma. Les analyses 40Ar-39Ar sur biotite, muscovite et amphibole des échantillons du domaine occidental de la chaîne du Mayombe ont fourni des âges qui situent l’événement tectono-thermique pan-africain entre 615 Ma et 496 MaThe Mayombe belt is the congolese part of the Araçuaï-West Congo belt system which extend from eastern margin of Brazil to western margin of central Africa. It runs parallel to the Atlantic coastline with NW-SE trend. Considering geochronological data, it is subdivided into two lithostratigraphic domains : (i) the Paleoproterozoic domain and (ii) the Neoproterozoic domain. The Paleoproterozoic domain of the Mayombe range corresponds to the inner part of the belt and is characterized by the coexistence of para and orthoderived rocks deformed and metamorphosed to varying degrees. These rocks are distributed among the three main lithological Groups : (i) the Loémé Group, (ii) the Loukoula Group and (iii) the Bikossi Group. Structural analysis of Loémé and Loukoula Groups shows folded and fractured stuctures. In the Loémé Group, folds trend NE-SW, NNE-SSW and N-S while in the Loukoula Group, the main shortening trends NE-SW. The Bikossi Group is characterized by folds oriented in the directions identified in the preceding Groups. The geochemical study carried out on samples from the Paleoproterozoic domain of the Mayombe belt shows that the latter is heterogeneous, by involving rocks of various origin and lithology. The petrological characterization of Loémé and Loukoula Groups shows that they are affected by at least two distinct metamorphic events that overlap. The first event is characterized by garnet-biotite-oligoclase parageneses in metapelites and by the development of brown hornblende in metabasites, thus allowing the evolution context to be situated in the amphibolite facies. The second event is recorded differently in Loémé Group and Loukoula Group. It consits respectively in garnet-biotite-oligoclase assemblages in the Loemé Group and in chlorite-albite-epidote paragenesis in the Loukoula Group. Samples from Bikossi Group present only traces of a single metamorphic event marked by garnet-biotite-muscovite and garnet-chloritoid-chlorite parageneses whose temperature is estimated at 510-568°C for 8 kbar of pressure. U-Pb dating of zircons allows to : (i) define the Archean-Paleoproterozoic (3300-1500Ma) sources of metasedimentary rocks (ii) confirm Paleoproterozoic (2070-2040 Ma) age of Eburnean magmatism and Neoproterozoic (925 Ma) Mfoubou and Mont Kanda type magmatism and (iii) to highlight the perturbations of zircons U-Pb isotopic system at 642 ± 36 Ma and 539 ± 18 Ma. The 40Ar-39Ar analyzes on biotite, muscovite and amphibole from samples of the western domain of Mayombe betl provided since the age range of Pan-African tectono-thermal event at 615-496 Ma
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Jhit-E-Mon, Kanogwan. "Structures spatiales dans le roman des XIIe et XIIIe siècles. Intérieur - Extérieur." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040274.
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Dans les récits médiévaux, la réalité littéraire du décor est avant tout l'expérience imaginaire qu'introduit l'acte de lecture, avant d'être instrument qui permet au lecteur de réaliser l'image. Dans notre étude, il nous importe de préciser les éléments descriptifs, naturels et architecturaux, ou les visions du décor servant de cadres aux romans médiévaux. Avec une grande économie de moyens, la langue médiévale dit tout sur le sujet. En effet le stéréotype fonctionne toujours parfaitement, mais nous avons aussi de belles, brèves – mais énergiques – descriptions de châteaux et de villes. Les éléments du paysage peuvent s'ordonner en un panorama cohérent qui sait se mettre au service de l'action. Répondant aux nécessités du récit et sous forme de mentions généralement brèves, nous voyons apparaître peu à peu les éléments constitutifs des décors, naturels et urbains. Les rapides indications sont celles qui font apparaître le mieux la réalité d'un château ou d'une ville des XIIe et XIIIe siècles, telle qu'un romancier pouvait les présenter et les donner à voir à son publicFor a reader of medieval narratives the literary of the scenery, is in the first place an imaginary experience introduced by the act of reading and only subsequently it serves the role of an instrument necessary to reconstruct the image. In the present study, I discuss and reflect upon the natural and architectural elements of description and also the visions of the scenery recurrent in the medieval novel. The medieval language is extremely efficient in its descriptions of subject. The stereotypes are ever present, though punctuated by beautiful, short, yet vivid, descriptions of castles and cities. The elements of the landscape at times form a coherent panoramic setting for the action. Brief descriptions and mentions of the elements of the scenery, both natural and urban, appear as they are called for by the narrative. Such short indications appear to best show the reality of the castles or cities of XII and XIII century
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Reyff, Jennifer E. "Dismantling Structural Inequality in the Inland Empire: Rebuilding Community from the Ground up at Huerta del Valle Garden." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/937.
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This thesis provides an analytical case study of Huerta del Valle Community Garden as a successful model of redefining social capital through not only providing healthy, affordable, high quality produce to a community subjected to the disproportionate consequences of systemic inequality, but also in incorporating a food justice education framework to underlie all development at the garden. Located in the city of Ontario, Southern California – the heart of the Inland Empire, known for its prominence within the nation’s goods movement industry and its landscape of sprawling warehouses – local residents face high rates of poverty, obesity, and a lack of food access. This research identifies the socio-economic, historical factors that led to Ontario as we know it today. I argue that Ontario was founded upon institutionally racist principles, which set the region up for a future of economic disparity. It is through ‘bottom-up,’ grassroots community organizing that deeply engrained structural barriers are most successfully challenged.
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Borner, Karoline. "Influence of turbidity on social structure in guppies, Poecilia reticulata." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17622.
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Umweltveränderungen kommen natürlicherweise vor und viele Spezies waren im Laufe ihrer Evolutionsgeschichte davon betroffen. Durch die Aktivitäten des Menschen jedoch finden diese in höherer Geschwindigkeit und größerem Umfang statt und stellen so für viele Spezies eine neue Herausforderung dar. Einen großen Einfluss auf die Umwelt nimmt der Mensch durch Verschmutzung, welche zu Veränderungen der Physiologie der Organismen und deren Verhalten führen und damit Einfluss auf die Populationsdynamik und letztendlich auf die Biodiversität haben kann. In meiner Dissertation untersuchte ich den Einfluss durch Bergbau ausgelöster Trübung auf das Verhalten und die soziale Struktur des Guppys. Er nutzt soziale Interaktionen für eine höhere Effizienz bei der Nahrungssuche und Räubervermeidung. Die Nutzung sei-nes dafür eingesetzten Sehsinns ist bei Trübung stark eingeschränkt. Ich untersuchte die Reaktion Trübung unerfahrener Fische aus Labor und Feld auf Trübung. Es zeigte sich, dass beide ihre sozialen Interaktionen in trübem Wasser verringerten. Eine zusätzliche Markow-Ketten-Analyse ergab aber auch, dass Laborfische Kontakte zu bestimmten In-dividuen der Gruppe verstärkten und Feldfische ihre initiierten Kontakte behielten. An-schließend studierte ich den Unterschied der sozialen Struktur Trübung erfahrener und - unerfahrener Fische. Trübung erfahrene Fische erhöhten die Gesamtzahl der Interaktio-nen, reduzierten jedoch die Anzahl der initiierten Kontakte im Gegensatz zu unerfahre-nen Fischen. Diese Strukturänderung, vermute ich, erhöht den Zusammenhalt und damit den In-formationsfluss im Schwarm. Die Ergebnisse von Folgeversuchen, nämlich der Erhalt der Paarungsanzahl und die effektivere Vermeidung einer Räuberattrappe bei Trübung er-fahrenen Fischen, unterstützen diese Vermutung. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass Guppys in der Lage sind, sich durch Änderung Ihrer sozialen Struktur an trübe Verhältnisse anzupas-sen. Dies könnte auch Einfluss auf ihre Populationsstruktur haben.Most species have been subjected to environmental changes during their evolutionary history. However, due to human activity, environmental changes are currently occurring at higher speeds and on a greater scale, presenting new challenges for many species. Pollution, as a major type of human-induced environmental change, may not only affect physiology but also behaviour, thereby affecting population dynamics and consequently biodiversity. The topic of my dissertation is the effect of turbidity from quarrying on the behaviour and social association pattern of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Turbidity impairs the fish’s ability to use visual cues during social interactions, which in turn helps increases efficiency of foraging and avoiding predators. I investigated the initial re-sponse of guppies to turbidity and subsequently tested whether turbidity-experienced vs turbidity-inexperienced populations differ in their social association patterns and how they cope with ecological challenges. Both lab-reared and wild-caught guppies that were inexperienced with turbidity reduced social associations in turbid water in con-trast to turbidity-experienced fish. A Markov chain analysis revealed that lab-reared guppies increased associations with particular neighbours. Similarly, wild-caught gup-pies maintained the number of initiated associations under turbid conditions. The in-crease in non-initiated associations suggests a stronger connectivity within the shoal, leading to higher information transmission in a poor visual environment. Additional results showed that this altered social structure enabled turbidity-experienced fish to maintain the frequency of mating attempts in turbidity and to avoid predation risk. This suggests that guppies have the ability to adjust to turbidity, but with major changes in their social structure, which might have an impact on population dynamics.
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Von, Veh Mark Wolter. "The stratigraphy and structural evolution of the late Proterozoic Gariep belt in the Sendelingsdrif-Annisfontein area, northwestern Cape Province." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17695.
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Bibliography: pages 128-143.A geological investigation of the Port Nolloth metasediments in the central external parts of the Gariep Beit has led to a re-interpretation of tbeir lithostratigraphy and Pan-African geotectonic evolution. During the rifting stage of passive continental margin evolution, the basal elastic Stinkfontein Sequence was deposited in an alluvial fan environment. Fluviatile conglomerates and quartz arenites (Lekkersing Formation) interfinger with feldspathic arenites and minor volcanics (Vredefontein Formation), and prograde into marginal marine elastics and carbonates (Gumchavib Formation). Rift faulting produced local grabens into which massflow sediments (Kaigas Formation) and volcaniclastics (Rosh Pinah Formation) were shed. During the sea-floor spreading stage, a shallow-water carbonateclastic unit, the Hilda Sequence, was deposited. Conglomerates, quartzites, and schists with resedimented gravity-flow characteristics (Wallekraal Formation) are sandwiched between lower and upper platform carbonates (Pickelhaube and Dabie River Formations). The Hilda is unconformably overlain by the Numees Sequence, consisting of a widespread glaciogenic diamictite (Sendelingsdrif Formation) and a near-basal banded iron formation (Jakkalsberg Formation). A deep-water elastic unit, the Holgat Sequence, was laid down during the early stage of the lower Nama transgression.
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Belin, Christophe. "Structure et fonctions de la protéine kinase OST1 dans la cellule de garde d'Arabidopsis thaliana." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00167031.
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La sécheresse est un stress majeur pour les plantes qui ont développé de nombreuses stratégies pour y faire face. La réponse la plus rapide à un stress hydrique est la fermeture des pores stomatiques qui limite les pertes d'eau par évapo-transpiration. La phytohormone acide abscissique (ABA) participe à cette réponse en modifiant la turgescence des cellules de garde. La protéine kinase OST1 d'Arabidopsis thaliana contrôle les étapes précoces de la transduction du signal ABA dans ces cellules. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons cherché à comprendre les mécanismes de régulation de la kinase OST1. Nous avons d'abord montré que la protéine 10xHis-OST1 produite chez E.coli est active et s'autophosphoryle. Ceci nous a permis d'identifier des résidus phosphorylés, cibles potentielles de kinases ou phosphatases régulant l'activité de OST1 dans la plante. L'importance de ces résidus a d'abord été étudiée in vitro par l'analyse de l'activité de protéines recombinantes mutées sur les résidus phosphorylés. Puis nous avons étudié l'impact de ces mutations dans la plante en réalisant des tests de complémentation du mutant ost1 et des tests d'activité kinase après immunoprécipitation des différentes versions de la protéine OST1. La même stratégie appliquée à l'étude de versions tronquées de OST1 nous a permis d'analyser son domaine C-terminal. Nous avons ainsi identifié plusieurs éléments structuraux critiques pour l'activité de OST1 et sa fonction dans la plante. Enfin, notre analyse des différents allèles mutants ost1 suggère que OST1 régule les flux transpiratoires en réponse à un stress hydrique à deux niveaux distincts, dans les cellules de garde et les tissus vasculaires.
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Bhattarai, Kishor. "Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization of Wildland Collections of Western and Searls Prairie Clovers for Rangeland Revegetation in the Western USA." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/818.
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Western prairie clover [Dalea ornata (Douglas ex Hook.) Eaton & J. Wright] is a perennial legume that occurs in the northern Great Basin, Snake River Basin, and southern Columbia Plateau, whereas Searls prairie clover [Dalea searlsiae (A. Gray) Barneby], also a perennial legume, occurs in the southern Great Basin and surrounding areas. Understanding the genetic and ecotypic variation of these prairie clovers is a prerequisite for developing populations suitable for rangeland revegetation in the western USA. DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS/5.8S) and trnK/matK were used to study the phylogeny of these species. The species were distinguished by DNA sequences from both regions and conserved haplotypes were observed between and within species. Common-garden plots of 22 collections of western prairie clover from Idaho, Oregon, and Washington and 20 collections of Searls prairie clover from Utah and Nevada were established in northern Utah for phenotypic evaluation. Significant variation was detected among the collections for all traits measured in the common gardens for both species. Flowering date was correlated with collection-site temperature and elevation in western prairie clover collections, whereas biomass-related traits were closely related with collection-site precipitation in Searls prairie clover. Population structure from amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers resulted in two distinct, genetically differentiated groups and a third admixed group in western prairie clover, and flowering date played a significant role in discriminating those genetic-based groupings of collections. For western prairie clover, two populations are recommended for development, one from the Deschutes River watershed and another from the remaining collections. For Searls prairie clover, two genetically different groups of collections were identified from southern Utah and eastern Nevada and from northwestern Utah. Three western Nevada collections exhibited close association with eastern Nevada and southern Utah groups for AFLP-markers but with collections from northwestern Utah for phenotypic traits. Strong isolation by distance was observed for Searls prairie clover collections suggesting that genetic drift and gene flow are major factors for determining population structure in this species. As a result, two regional seed sources should be developed for Searls prairie clover, one from northwestern Utah and the other from eastern Nevada and southern Utah.
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Alleau, Julien. "Garder ses distances : une histoire des relations homme-loup dans les Alpes occidentales (XVIe-XvIIIe siècle)." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN1635.
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A l'époque moderne, Provence et Dauphiné sont deux provinces éloignées du centre du pouvoir royal. Elles sont singulières dans les relations que leurs habitants entretiennent avec le loup. L'évolution démographique des XVIe-XVIIIe siècles a entraîné une forte pression sur l'environnement et modelé des paysages agronomiques particuliers et diversifiés. Les surfaces forestières ont été réduites tandis que l'intensification de la chasse a entraîné une réduction des populations de proies disponibles. Les loups sont contraints de se rapprocher de l'homme et de ses troupeaux pour subsister. Si la représentation du loup au sein des traités agronomiques et cynégétiques anciens est exécrable, les habitants parvenaient vraisemblablement à cohabiter avec cet animal, bon gré, mal gré. Les conflits sont cependant très intenses en certains lieux. L'anthropophagie témoigne de la vulnérabilité de certaines catégories sociales dont les pratiques sont étroitement liées à l'économie pastorale, elle-même tributaire de l'organisation agronomique du paysage. Associée à la rage dont l'animal est parfois victime, ces situations de conflit ont contribué à faire émerger une relation ambivalente, avec des épisodes plus ou moins violents appartenant au fait-divers, mais finalement assez banale dans la continuité, où une certaine réciprocité peut même s'installer. À travers les primes de chasse accordées par les institutions locales, les habitants sont tous susceptibles de participer à la destruction du prédateur. Cette chasse offre à la fois la possibilité de lutter contre l'animal pour répondre à la nuisance, mais également de travailler à la réduction de sa population afin de diminuer le risqueIn Modern Era, Provence and Dauphiné were quite far from the French royal power and appeared to be unique when it comes to human-wolf relationship. The demographic evolution of 16th-18th centuries led to a strong pressure on the environment resulting in a mosaic of diverse agricultural landscapes. The forest areas were reduced while the increasing hunting pressure drove to a reduction of natural preys’ populations. Wolves were obliged to get closer to human and livestock in order to subsist. If the image of the wolf in the ancient hunting and agronomic books was dreadful, it appears that the inhabitants were able to coexist with this animal willy-nilly. However, conflicts appear very intense in some places. Attacks on humans demonstrate the vulnerability of some social groups whose practices are closely related to the pastoral economy linked to the agronomic landscapes. These nuisances associated with canine rabies transforming the wolf into a violent victim contributed to the emergence of an ambivalent relationship. Apart from some more or less violent episodes belonging to the crime news, the continuous relationship was quite commonplace, and a certain reciprocity even took place. Indeed, through hunting bounties granted by local institutions, and despite the national policy, residents were able to participate to wolves culling. This hunt offered the opportunity to fight against the wolf in order to respond to the nuisance, but also to reduce its population in order to reduce the risk
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Bonniffet, Pierre. "Structures sonores de l'humanisme en France au XVIe siècle : de Maurice Scève, Délie, object de plus haulte vertu (Lyon, 1544) à Claude Le Jeune, Second Livre des Meslanges (Paris, 1612)." Paris 4, 2002. http://ezproxy.normandie-univ.fr/login?url=https://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-bases/garnier?filename=PboMS01.
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La méthode proposée analyse les poèmes du XVIe siècle et les trois éléments fusionnés dans les chansons (phonèmes, musique et chant), selon les trois étapes (invention, disposition et élocution) que les écoliers apprenaient durant le trivium. La fonction des trois éléments du corps sonore a beaucoup évolué dans le champ sonore en 60 ans. La parole, de sujet, devient objet de la musique. La musique, malgré les efforts du psaume et de la poésie mesurée, s'affranchit de la parole et de ses référents. Le chant, dans ce divorce, s'émancipe à son tour et invente ses propres référentsThe thesis proposes a method for the analysis of the sound structures in Sceve's poem and in the chansons according to the three stages (invention, disposition, elocution) which school children learned during the trivium. .
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Soethe, Nathalie. "Structure and function of root systems at different altitudes of a south Ecuadorian montane forest." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15667.
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Es wurden Wurzelsysteme auf 1900, 2400 und 3000 m eines südecuadorianischen Bergregenwaldes untersucht. Ziel war es, ein besseres Verständnis über den Einfluss der Höhenstufe auf die Wurzelfunktionen Nährstoffaneignung und Verankerung sowie Speicherung von C und Nährstoffen in der Wurzelbiomasse zu erlangen. Auf 2400 und 3000 m nahmen die Wurzellängendichten (WLD) mit zunehmender Bodentiefe schneller ab als auf 1900 m. Die vertikale Verteilung der N-Aufnahme war ähnlich der Verteilung der WLD. Das Nährstoffaneignungsvermögen war also in größerer Meereshöhe deutlich mehr auf die organische Auflage konzentriert war als auf 1900 m. Nährstoffkonzentrationen in Blättern zeigten, dass auf 1900 m das Pflanzenwachstum nicht durch Nährstoffmangel limitiert war, während auf 2400 und 3000 m v. a. N, aber auch P, S und K das Pflanzenwachstum limitierten. Die schlechte Nährstoffversorgung der Pflanzen in großer Meereshöhe war vermutlich auf langsame Mineralisation organisch gebundener Nährstoffe und auf ein geringes Nährstoffaneignungsvermögen aus tieferen Bodenschichten zurückzuführen. Die Wurzelbiomasse war auf 3000 m höher als in niedrigerer Meereshöhe. Die Bedeutung des Wurzelsystems für die C-Speicherung stieg also mit zunehmender Höhenstufe. Auch Vorräte an N, S, K, Ca und Mg in den Wurzeln waren auf 3000 m am höchsten. Die Grobwurzelsysteme der Bäume wiesen auf allen Höhenstufen Verankerungs-fördernde Merkmale auf. Bäume auf 3000 m bildeten flachgründigere Wurzelteller als auf 1900 m. Wurzeleigenschaften, die die horizontale Ausdehnung des Wurzeltellers fördern, waren auf 3000 m häufiger oder ausgeprägter als auf 1900 m. Es wird gefolgert, dass eine gehemmte Tiefendurchwurzelung des Bodens in größerer Meereshöhe sowohl das Nährstoffaneignungsvermögen als auch auf die Verankerung der Bäume verringerte. Die hohe Biomasseallokation in die Wurzeln in größerer Meereshöhe weist darauf hin, dass Umweltbedingungen hier besondere Anforderungen an die Wurzelfunktionen stellen.Root systems at 1900, 2400 and 3000 m of a south Ecuadorian montane forest were investigated. The aim of this study was to improve our knowledge on the impact of altitude on the root functions nutrient acquisition, anchorage and storage of C and nutrients in root biomass. At 2400 and 3000 m, the decrease of root length densities (RLD) with increasing soil depth was more pronounced than at 1900 m. The vertical distribution of N uptake was similar to the vertical distribution of RLD. Thus, the ability for nutrient uptake was more concentrated to the organic surface layer at high altitudes than at 1900 m. Foliar nutrient concentrations showed that plant growth at 1900 m was not limited by nutrient deficiency. In contrast, at 2400 and 3000 m especially N, but also P, S and K limited plant growth. The decreased nutritional status of plants at high altitudes was caused by low mineralization rates of nutrients as well as low ability for nutrient acquisition from deeper soil layers. At 3000 m, root biomass was higher than at low altitudes. Hence, the importance of root systems for C sequestration increased with increasing altitude. Similarly, pools of N, S, K, Ca and Mg were higher at 3000 m than at 1900 and 2400 m. At all altitudes, coarse root systems of trees showed traits that are supposed to improve anchorage. At 3000 m, root soil plates were more superficial than at 1900 m. Root traits that improve the horizontal extension of root soil plates were more pronounced or occurred more often at 3000 m than at 1900 m. It is concluded that impeded rooting in deeper soil layers at high altitudes decreased both the ability for nutrient acquisition and anchorage. At high altitudes, the high allocation of biomass to the root systems showed that at these sites, environmental conditions enhanced the requirements to the functions of roots.
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Sanders, Ralph Jarrett. "Space, time, and silence." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56200.
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This thesis is a meditation upon silence, upon its ontological relationship to architecture. As such, it relies more upon insight and contemplation than analysis. It seeks to explore this realm through the making of a trappist monastery, to ask fundamental questions about the nature of human dwelling in the most complete sense, to stir the memory and perhaps to move the heart toward that silence which is beyond thought, which precedes and bounds and yet pervades all human experience.Master of Architecture
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Knolle, Maren [Verfasser], and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Heinrichs. "Influence of Participatory Organisation Structures on the Implementation of Social Standards. An Empirical Study of Chinese Garment Factories / Maren Knolle. Betreuer: Harald Heinrichs." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1034147714/34.
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COURROL, LILIA C. "Estudo quantitativo da luminescencia do Hosup3+ em cristais de YLF e HoLF e analise da dinamica dos processos de transferencia de energia do Ybsup3+ para os ions de Tmsup3+ e Hosup3+ em cristais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1994. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10388.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:93/04231-1
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Fernandes, Yanne Sousa. "Morfoanatomia, tricomas glandulares e análise fitoquímica de Trichogonia eupatorioides (Gardner) R. M. King & H. Rob (ASTERACEAE-EUPATORIEAE) ocorrente em área de cerrado rupestre." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3871.
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Cerrado rupestre is a subtype of arboreal-shrub vegetation that occurs in rupestrian and rocky habitats. Trichogonia eupatorioides (Gardner) R. M. King & H. Rob belongs to the tribe Eupatorieae of the family Asteraceae, and it is endemic to Brazil. Given the scant knowledge of the botanical traits of this species, the present study aimed to describe the morpho-anatomy of leaves and stems, characterize and identify developmental stages of glandular trichomes, detect the presence of metabolites by phytochemical screening, and determine the composition of the essential oil from aerial vegetative and reproductive parts of T. eupatorioides from a cerrado rupestre area. Samples of T. eupatorioides were collected from the Biological Reserve “Prof. José Ângelo Rizzo” of Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). Fully expanded leaves, stems, stem apices, flowers and involucral bracts were used for the morpho-anatomical study and to describe glandular trichomes. Aerial vegetative and reproductive organs were used for the phytochemical study. T. eupatorioides shares anatomical traits with other species described in the literature, such as amphistomatic leaves, anomocytic and anisocytic stomata, epidermal cells with sinuous anticlinal walls and thick external periclinal walls, glandular and non-glandular trichomes, endodermis with starch and Casparian strips, fibers associated to the vascular bundle, and secretory ducts. The glandular trichomes secrete essential oils and phenolic compounds and may be uniseriate or biseriate. The differentiation of the glandular trichomes begins with the expansion of a protodermal cell. The first division is anticlinal for biseriate trichomes, and periclinal for uniseriate ones. The phytochemical screening identified flavonoid and cardiac glycosides and coumarins. Twenty components of the essential oil were identified; of these, 95% were sesquiterpenes. The major components were the sesquiterpenes 3,5-muuroladiene (39.56%), butylated hydroxytoluene (13.07%), and (E)-caryophyllene (5.63%).
O Cerrado Rupestre é um subtipo de vegetação arbóreo-arbustiva que ocorre em ambientes rupestres e rochosos. Trichogonia eupatorioides (Gardner) R. M. King & H. Rob é uma Asteraceae, da tribo Eupatorieae e é endêmica do Brasil. Tendo em vista que a espécie é pouco conhecida sob ponto de vista botânico, o presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever a morfoanatomia da folha e caule de T. eupatorioides ocorrente em área de Cerrado Rupestre, caracterizar e identificar etapas do desenvolvimento dos tricomas glandulares, bem como detectar a presença de metabólitos por prospecção fitoquímica e determinar a composição do óleo essencial em seus órgãos reprodutivos e vegetativos aéreos. Amostras de T. eupatorioides foram coletadas na Reserva Biológica da Universidade Federal de Goiás “Prof. José Ângelo Rizzo”. Para o estudo morfoanatômico e para a caracterização dos tricomas glandulares foram utilizadas folhas completamente expandidas, caules, ápices caulinares, flores e brácteas involucrais. O estudo fitoquímico foi realizado em órgãos aéreos vegetativos e reprodutivos. T. eupatorioides apresenta características anatômicas comuns à outras espécies citadas na literatura como folha anfiestomática, estômatos anomocíticos e anisocíticos, células epidérmicas com paredes anticlinais sinuosas e periclinais externas espessas, tricomas glandulars e tectores, endoderme com amido e estrias de Caspary, fibras associadas ao feixe vascular, e ductos secretores. Os tricomas glandulares são unisseriados e bisseriados e secretam óleos essenciais e compostos fenólicos. A diferenciação dos tricomas glandulares inicia-se com a expansão de uma célula protodérmica; nos tricomas bisseriados a primeira divisão desta célula é anticlinal e no unisseriado é periclinal. Na prospecção fitoquímica foram identificados heterosídeos flavonóides, heterosídeos cardioativos e cumarinas. Foram identificados vinte componentes do óleo essencial, 95% destes são sesquiterpenos. Os compostos majoritários foram os sesquiterpenos 3,5 -muuroladieno com 39,56%, Hidroxitolueno butilado com 13,07%, e o E-cariofileno com 5,63%.
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Besser, Tim. "Exploring agricultural structure as a determinant for social and aesthetic functions of agricultural production." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17747.
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Diese Dissertation untersucht verschiedene soziale sowie landschaftsästhetische Funktionen der Landwirtschaft in strukturell gegensätzlichen Agrarsystemen. In der Untersuchung wird hierfür stets ein von kleinen Familienbetrieben dominiertes System mit einem stärker großstrukturierten, gewerblichen System verglichen. Die Arbeitszufriedenheit der Landwirte sowie ihre soziale Vernetzung mit der lokalen Gemeinde wurden im Vergleich zwischen dem kleinbäuerlichen Schweizer und dem großbetrieblichen nordostdeutschen System analysiert. Mittels Choice Experimenten wurden in der Schweiz und in Süddeutschland (d.h. kleinbäuerliche Systeme) sowie in Ostdeutschland (d.h. großstruktiertes, gewerbliches System) zudem Bevölkerungspräferenzen für Agrarlandschaften und damit die ästhetische Funktion der Landwirtschaft untersucht. Unter Berücksichtigung der Betriebsstruktur (z.B. Betriebsgröße) sind Schweizer Bauern zufriedener mit ihrer Arbeit als nordostdeutsche. Das Betriebseinkommen ist für nordostdeutsche Bauern signifikant wichtiger für die Arbeitszufriedenheit als für die Schweizer Kollegen. Besonders für Schweizer Bauern spielt die Betriebsdiversifizierung eine positive Rolle für die Zufriedenheit, z.B. die Vielfalt der Produktionszweige oder nicht-landwirtschaftliche Betriebszweige wie Agrotourismus. Auch haben Schweizer Bauern und solche kleinerer Betriebe mehr Bezug zu ihrer lokalen Gemeinde durch lokal fokussierte soziale Netzwerke. Betriebsleiter größerer Betriebe sind hauptsächlich außerhalb der Gemeinden vernetzt und fühlen sich diesen weniger zugehörig. Zudem stärkt ein biographischer Bezug zum Hof die Verbindung mit der Gemeinde. Die Mehrheit der befragten Schweizer und Ostdeutschen ist zudem für qualitative Veränderungen der Agrarlandschaften (d.h. mehr Weiden zur Freilandhaltung, Streuobstwiesen und höhere Biodiversität). Waldrückgange sowie Schlaggrößenveränderungen landwirtschaftlicher oder forstlicher Flächen werden nahezu einheitlich abgelehnt.This dissertation investigates different social functions of agriculture as well as landscape aesthetics in farming systems of different agricultural structures. Throughout the whole project farming systems dominated by small family farms and large-scale farming systems dominated by commercial non-family farms (e.g. cooperatives) were compared. Farmers’ work satisfaction and their connection to the local community were examined in the small-scaled Swiss system and in the larger scaled Northeast (NE) German one. Public landscape preferences were derived using choice experiments in Switzerland and South Germany, representing small-scale systems, as well as in East Germany, representing a large-scaled one, to explore agriculture‘s aesthetic function. Swiss farmers are more satisfied with their agricultural work if for effects of farm structure (e.g. farm size) is controlled for. Farm income plays a significantly more important role for the work satisfaction of NE German farmers than for that of Swiss ones. Especially for Swiss farmers, farm diversification plays an important role, for example through a diversity of production lines or through non-agricultural activities like agrotourism. Further results show that Swiss farmers and farmers of smaller farms are more connected to their local communities through more locally focused social networks. Farmers of larger farms have their networks farther away from the farm and a weaker sense of belonging to their local community. A biographical bond to the farm also strenghtens the connection to the local community. Concerning public landscape preferences the majority of the Swiss and East German respondents generally prefers qualitative changes to landscapes (i.e. meadows for free range animal husbandry, meadow orchards and more biodiversity). Forest loss or changes in plot sizes of agricultural land and forests are nearly uniformly rejected in all regions.
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Meyer, Julia. ""The owl hugs me in the forest" : Children's Experiences and Educators' Perceptions of Learning in a Swedish Mini-Forest Garden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158203.
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In recent years, there has been converging evidence on the relation between nature experiences and learning. Although outdoor experiences are not just seen as leisurely activities anymore, barriers, such as lack of resources or travel time can hinder the propagation of more outdoor educational programs. This study explores a relatively new outdoor educational setting that can help overcome these difficulties by decreasing the amount of resources, input and energy necessary to set up such measures: the educational forest garden. With lower maintenance in creating an environment that resembles an authentic ecosystem, the question remains if forest gardening can foster similar learning outcomes than those reported in other educational settings. A qualitative study in a Swedish mini-forest garden was employed to explore what types of learning are possible in this new type of setting. Interviews with two educators and eight children were conducted to find out what perceptions and experiences they communicate after spending time in the mini-forest garden. The educator’s ideas were compared with children’s accounts and observational notes on their behavior to see if there was a difference in perception and experience. Examples for learning were found in three different dimensions: cognitive, emotional and social. The explored categories were ecological literacy, language learning, attention; being comfortable outdoors, respect and care, awareness of surroundings, co-creation, teacher-student interaction, gender differences and free play and imagination. The findings indicate an overlap between teacher’s and children’s experiences and perceptions in almost all categories and similar beneficial learning outcomes with forest gardening to other outdoor educational endeavors. Along with the potential for self-development, forest gardening may be a new way to successfully teach in the outdoors with less input or resources. Although a small scale study that should not be generalized, the study gives insight to educators’ and children’s voices in a new outdoor educational setting and can help overcome the lack of children’s voices in research in general. At the same time, it adds to the limited amount of research on forest gardening and potentially helps to increase the popularity of forest gardening as a new outdoor educational method.
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Brauns, Mario. "Human impacts on the structure and ecological function of littoral macroinvertebrate communities in lakes." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15947.
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Das litorale Makrozoobenthos ist eine bedeutende biotische Komponente in Seen und trägt substantiell zur Biodiversität und Funktion von Seeökosystemen bei. Allerdings unterliegt das Litoral zunehmenden anthropogenen Nutzungen, deren ökologische Auswirkungen jedoch kaum quantifiziert wurden. In dieser Doktorarbeit wurde untersucht, welche Bedeutung maßgebliche Umweltfaktoren auf die Zusammensetzung des litoralen Makrozoobenthos haben, und wie sich anthropogene Nutzungen auf die Zusammensetzung und Funktion des Makrozoobenthos auswirken. Die Zusammensetzung des Makrozoobenthos wurde durch die Uferstruktur, Trophie und das hydrodynamische Regime bestimmt. Die faunistische Ähnlichkeit zwischen Habitaten war jedoch signifikant geringer als zwischen Trophiestufen, so dass die Uferstruktur, und nicht die Trophie, einen größeren Einfluss auf das Makrozoobenthos hat. Strukturelle Degradation führte zu einer Reduktion der Habitatheterogenität, was eine signifikante Verringerung der Diversität und eine signifikant veränderte Artenzusammensetzung verursachte. Infolgedessen war die Komplexität der Makrozoobenthos-Nahrungsnetze an degradierten Ufern signifikant geringer als an natürlichen Ufern. Erhöhte Wasserstandsschwankungen führten zum Ausfall von Wurzelhabitaten und der damit assoziierten Makrozoobenthos-Gemeinschaft. Schiffsinduzierter Wellenschlag führte zur Verdriftung des Makrozoobenthos von ihren Habitaten bereits bei geringen Sohlschubspannungen. Die Effekte von Wasserstandsschwankungen und schiffsinduziertem Wellenschlag wurden jedoch durch Habitate mit hoher struktureller Komplexität verringert. Mit dieser Doktorarbeit konnte ich ein mechanistisches Verständnis darüber erarbeiten, wie anthropogene Nutzungen die Wirkungsbeziehungen zwischen Umweltfaktoren und Artengemeinschaften verändern und welche ökologischen Auswirkungen dies hat. Diese Kenntnisse können als wissenschaftliche Basis zur Bewertung von anthropogenen Beeinträchtigungen des Litorals dienen.Littoral macroinvertebrates are an important biotic component of lakes by contributing substantially to the biodiversity and functioning of lake ecosystems. Humans alter the littoral and riparian areas for various purposes, but the resulting ecological impacts on littoral macroinvertebrates have not been quantified. In this thesis, I investigated the significance of key environmental factors for littoral macroinvertebrate communities and how human alterations of these environmental factors impact the structure and function of macroinvertebrate communities. Macroinvertebrate community composition was significantly related to littoral structure, trophic state and the hydrodynamic regime. The significantly higher compositional dissimilarities among habitats than among trophic state suggested that littoral structure was the more important driver of community composition. Structural degradation caused a significant reduction of habitat heterogeneity and resulted in a significant reduction of species diversity and a significant altered community composition. This caused a significant reduction of macroinvertebrate food web complexity and substantial alterations of the trophic base of the food webs. Climate-change induced water level fluctuations resulted in the loss of root habitats and the specific community associated with this habitat. Ship-induced waves had substantial direct effects, since macroinvertebrates were detached from their habitats by waves even at moderate shear stress levels. However, the impacts of water level fluctuations and ship-induced waves were mitigated by the presence of habitats with high structural complexities. This thesis provided a mechanistic understanding of how human activities alter relationships between environmental factors and biotic communities. This knowledge can be used to develop scientifically sound approaches to assess the persistent human impacts on lake ecosystems.
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Velez-Romero, Vanessa. "Historic Hispanic gardens of La Ciudad Colonial of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1180789.
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This creative project presents architectural and design principles of the landscape features define as Hispanic gardens, which were built by the Spanish conquistadors of the island of La Hispaniola since 1492 up to the seventeenth century in La Ciudad Colonial of Santo Domingo, today capital of the Dominican Republic. This study researches the urban and architectural characteristics of the Colonial City of Santo Domingo as well as the main elements that define the Spanish gardens and also some of the current strategies and techniques for garden restoration. Those aspects are a background and support to the identification of these Hispanic gardens and to the proposed guidelines for the rehabilitation of these historic areas. To fulfill a further purpose of promoting an integral restoration* of the Colonial City of Santo Domingo, the goals of the project relate to the areas of landscape and architecture, and to the social and educational contexts. Therefore, the recommended guidelines for the rehabilitation of the historic Hispanicgardens of La Ciudad Colonial of Santo Domingo are a preliminary step toward a different approach of the preservation of this cultural landscape.Integral restoration, to this project, it is understood as a plan of preservation, which valorizes all the aspects concerning to architecture, landscape, and the urban and social patterns related to La Ciudad Colonial of Santo Domingo.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Pasquer, Caroline. "Garder la trace, mettre de l'ordre et relier les points : modéliser la variation et l'ambiguïté des expressions polylexicales." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4017.
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L’identification automatique d’expressions polylexicales (EP) est un pré-requis pour de nombreuses applications de traitement automatique des langues. Cette tâche représente un défi car les EP, et en particulier les verbales (EPV) telles que 'casser sa pipe' (signifiant 'mourir'), ont des formes de surface très variables ('cassera-t-il un jour sa pipe ?'). Cependant, comparée à des constructions libres, cette variabilité est généralement plus restreinte (p. ex. certains noms non modifiables par un adjectif), d’où des profils de variabilité distincts. On se penche ici sur un sous-problème de l’identification d’EPV, à savoir l’identification d’occurrences d’EPV vues dans d’autres contextes, quelque soit leur forme de surface, ce qui nécessite de prendre en compte l’ambiguïté pour éviter des lectures littérales ('casser sa vieille pipe') ou des co-occurrences fortuites ('casser le tuyau de sa pipe'). On considère pour cela deux approches : la première se fonde sur une mesure de la variabilité des EPV indépendante de la langue. La seconde consiste à modéliser le problème comme une tâche de classification d’après des traits pertinents pour la variabilité morpho-syntaxique des EPV, ce qui nous a conduit à développer un système (VarIDE), qui a participé à la compétition PARSEME d’identification automatique d’EPV en 2018Automatic identification of multiword expressions (MWEs) is a pre-requisite for many natural language processing applications. This task is challenging because MWEs, especially verbal ones (VMWEs) like to kick the bucket (which means to die), exhibit surface variability (no buckets were kicked ). However, compared with regular constructions, this variability is usually more restricted (e.g. some nouns cannot be modified by an adjective), hence various variability profiles. We address here a subproblem of VMWE identification, namely the identification of occurrences of VMWEs previously seen in corpora, whatever their surface form, which requires to take ambiguity into account to avoidliteral (he kicked the old bucket) or coincidental occurrences (he kicked the ball and the bucket fell down). To this end, we considered two main approaches : The first one is based on a language independent measure of VMWE variability. The second one consists in modeling the problem as a classification task on the basis of features relevant to the VMWE morphosyntactic variability, which led to a system (VarIDE) that participated in the PARSEME shared task on automatic identification of VMWEs in 2018
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Kokoszka, Florian. "Estimations du mélange vertical le long de sections hydrologiques en Atlantique Nord." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0097/document.
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Le mélange vertical dans l’océan contribue au maintien de la Cellule Méridienne de Circulation Océanique (MOC) en permettant le renouvellement des eaux profondes. Une coupe transverse d’une partie de la MOC est réalisée par la radiale hydrologique OVIDE qui a lieu tous les 2 ans depuis 2002 entre le Portugal et le Groenland. L’énergie nécessaire au mélange est fournie par les ondes internes générées par le vent et la marée, et des mesures de micro-structure (VMP) en 2008 montrent des valeurs de dissipation Evmp intensifiées dans la thermocline principale et au niveau des topographies. Notre étude se base sur ces observations pour étudier la fine-structure verticale de l’océan et estimer indirectement la dissipation E due aux ondes internes à l’aide de mesures CTD et LADCP. La comparaison au mesures du VMP permet d’optimiser la paramétrisation de E en encadrant les observations par facteur 3 et leurs valeurs moyennes à ±30%. L’application sur l’ensemble des données OVIDE permet d’obtenir une cartographie du mélange a travers le bassin. La distribution géographique de la diffusion verticale K est similaire le long des 5 sections, avec des valeurs de l’ordre de 10−4m2/s dans la thermocline principale, au fond et au niveau des topographies, et de l’ordre de 10−5m2/s dans l’océan intérieur. Des différences régionales sont présentes et K peut être localement proche de 10−3m2/s. L’étude de la section FOUREX 1997 révèle une intensification de K le long de la dorsale médio-Atlantique où les valeurs moyennes sont de 2 à 3 plus fortes que le long des sections OVIDE. La distribution spatiale des échelles de Thorpe LT est corrélée avec celle du mélange. Néanmoins la dissi-pation basée sur LT surestime Evmp d’un facteur 10 à100, ce qui pourrait être dû à une mauvaise représentation de la durée de vie de la turbulence dans l’océan. Certains mécanismes susceptibles de générer des ondes internes sont proposés. Des sites possibles de génération par la marée sont localisés à l’aide d’un modèle simple de la trajectoire des rayons d’ondes. Une corrélation possible entre les mouvements géostrophiques et les ondes internes est envisagée dans la thermocline principale. Enfin l’étude des angles de Turner montre que des instabilités de double-diffusion peuvent être présentes sur une grande partie de la sectionVertical mixing in the ocean contributes to sustain the Meridionnal Overturning. Circulation (MOC) by allowing the renewal of deep waters. A section across the MOC is performed by the hydrological radial OVIDE repeated every two years between Portugal and Greenland since 2002. The energy required for mixing is provided by internal waves generated by wind and tides and micro-structure measurements(VMP) in 2008 show intensified values of dissipation Evmp in the main thermocline and near topographies. Our study is based on these observations and aims tostudy the vertical fine-scale structure of the ocean. Estimates of the dissipation E due to internal waves are made with CTD and LADCP measurements. The comparison with VMP measurements allow us to optimize the parameterization of E by framing the observations by factor 3 and their mean values at ±30%. The systematic application to the OVIDE dataset provides a mapping of the mixing across the basin. Geographical distribution of the vertical diffusion K is similar along the five sections, with values near10−4m2/s in the main thermocline and at the bottom of topographies, and near 10−5m2/s in the ocean interior. Regional differences are present and K can belocally close to 10−3m2/s. Application to FOUREX1997 datas et reveals an increase of K along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the average values are 2 to 3stronger than along OVIDE sections. The spatial distribution of Thorpe scales LT appears to be correlated with internal waves mixing patterns. Nevertheless dissipation estimates based on LT overestimates Evmp by a 10 to 100 factor, which maybe due to misrepresentation of the stage of turbulence development in the ocean. Some mechanisms that can generate internal waves are proposed. Probable sites where tidal generation could occur are located using a simple model of wave beam trajectory. A possible correlation between geostrophic flows and internal waves is considered in the main thermocline. Finally the study of Turnerangles shows that double-diffusion instabilities may bepresent over a large part of the section