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Journal articles on the topic 'Gardens'
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1
Chen, Huishu, and Li Yang. "Analysis of Narrative Space in the Chinese Classical Garden Based on Narratology and Space Syntax—Taking the Humble Administrator’s Garden as an Example." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (August 10, 2023): 12232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612232.
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Using the theory of Narratology and the analysis method of Space Syntax, the complex structure and plot of space in Chinese Classical Gardens (CCGs) are described and analysed, taking the Humble Administrator’s Garden as an example. The three elements of the garden’s spatial system (nodes, boundaries, and linkages) constitute the complexity and similarity of the garden’s spatial structure. Plaques, couplets, poems, and paintings serve as the narrative vocabulary of the gardens, bringing out the theme and sublimating space. The garden owner uses the garden’s physical space as a carrier, combining the text of the “stories within a story” with the spatial structure of the “gardens in a garden”. By visiting the garden over time, visitors complete the narrative of the garden’s plot space and receive the garden owner’s aspiration of “Reclusive”. The introduction of narrative theory and space syntax into the analysis of Chinese Classical Gardens (CCGs) not only provides a new means of insight into the space of CCGs, but also provides designers with an idea of how to create rich spatial variations and emotional experiences in architectural practice by skilfully using limited spatial resources
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Xiao, Fangling. "Analyzing the Gardening Art of Yanshan Garden with Yuanye (The Craft of Gardens)." Scientific and Social Research 6, no. 3 (March 29, 2024): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v6i3.6478.
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The first systematic theoretical work on gardening in Chinese history, The Craft of Gardens (Yuanye) by Ji Cheng, the famous literary gardener of the Ming Dynasty, is an invaluable reference for garden design in succeeding generations. The majority of research on Lingnan classical gardens is focused on Guangdong. The Yanshan Garden in Guilin, which is considered to be the first garden in Lingnan, is a prime example of late Qing Dynasty Lingnan gardens, perfectly combining Guilin landscape design with Lingnan garden architecture. Consequently, it is crucial to examine Yanshan Garden’s gardening features and incorporate its superb gardening techniques into modern garden landscape designs.
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Li, Dandan, Li Li, Xinqi Dai, and Zihan Su. "Analysis of Huanxi Garden based on the textual research of ancient boos and literatures." BCP Education & Psychology 11 (December 21, 2023): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/4sqctb30.
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The creation of gardens was based on the visual experience of Song Dynasty landscape painting. The literati painting provides realistic depictions of gardens from various perspectives. Although the original objects of Huanxi Garden are no longer extant, there are available historical documents and image materials that serve as references for the garden's restoration work. Due to the restricted number of researchers and limited data available, we extracted the garden elements and reconstructed the plan based on the garden views portrayed in Song paintings and Song Ci poems. This enabled us to replicate the overall spatial design of Huanxi Garden and restructure its layout.
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Yan, Aibin, and Dinghan Zheng. "Restoration and integration of the Huang Family Garden within the contemporary urban fabric of Shanghai." Urban Resilience and Sustainability 2, no. 1 (2024): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/urs.2024003.
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<abstract> <p>In the backdrop of Shanghai's century-long urbanization and modernization, traditional private gardens have undergone a profound transformation influenced by Western lifestyles, concepts, and garden characteristics. This transformation, marked by an East-meets-West fusion, deviates from the conventions of traditional gardens. In this study, we delved into the historical evolution of these private gardens into urban parks against the canvas of evolving urban life and point out that the construction of the city-park interaction mechanism hinges on how to consolidate transformation motives and empower urban space. Focusing on the case study of the Huang Family Garden owned by the Qing Gang tycoon Gold Wing and employing a spatial culture research perspective, we illuminated how the metamorphosis of a private garden into an urban park catalyzed the development of an urban area and scrutinized the spatial transformation of the Huang Family Garden amid Shanghai's urban modernization. Furthermore, our results revealed the inherent public nature of the Huang Family Garden's evolving garden space, along with the continuous manifestation and strengthening of this characteristic through successive urban renovations. The results emphasized the role of gardens in urban resilience and sustainability, highlighting the contribution of garden spaces as public domains. The features exhibited during the transformation of private gardens into urban parks create conditions for enhancing urban resilience, while providing insights into the significance of understanding garden traits in the evolution of cities.</p> </abstract>
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Dibyanti Danniswari and Achmad Yozar Perkasa. "Comparison of Rooftop Garden Elements in Japan and Indonesia. Study case of Ginza Six Garden, Japan, and PIM 3 Garden, Indonesia." Journal of Synergy Landscape 1, no. 1 (August 4, 2023): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/tjsl.v1i1.17604.
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A rooftop garden is located on the topmost level of a building and provides similar benefits as traditional urban green space while accommodating the limited land issue in cities. The practice of rooftop gardens keeps increasing in urban areas worldwide. There may be differences between rooftop gardens in different countries, be it in the design, the elements, or the activities. This study explores the difference between rooftop gardens in Indonesia and Japan, particularly Jakarta and Tokyo. This study aims to compare the characteristics of rooftop gardens in Jakarta and Tokyo. This study follows a descriptivequalitative approach. The data used in this study is based on visitors’ photos and reviews uploaded to the internet and supported by field observation. PIM 3 Garden’s design concept is based on the trend of citizen culture, which likes to update their activities on social media. In contrast, Ginza Six Garden’s design is based on the Ginza area's history, which combines traditional and modern culture. Since the design concepts are different, the garden elements and the user activities are also different. The main reason for these differences is most likely due to cultural differences. Indonesian people like sharing their activities on social media more than Japanese people. Although the gardens exhibit contrasting designs, elements, and user activities, both seem to accommodate their respective users’ needs and behaviors effectively.
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YUZAMMI, YUZAMMI. "The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation and utilization." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190121.
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Yuzammi. 2018. The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation and utilization. Biodiversitas 19: 140-152. Bogor Botanic Gardens is an ex-situ conservation centre, covering an area of 87 ha, with 12,376 plant specimens, collected from Indonesia and other tropical countries throughout the world. One of the richest collections in the Gardens comprises members of the aroid family (Araceae). The aroids are planted in several garden beds as well as in the nursery. They have been collected from the time of the Dutch era until now. These collections were obtained from botanical explorations throughout the forests of Indonesia and through seed exchange with botanic gardens around the world. Several of the Bogor aroid collections represent ‘living types’, such as Scindapsus splendidus Alderw., Scindapsus mamilliferus Alderw. and Epipremnum falcifolium Engl. These have survived in the garden from the time of their collection up until the present day. There are many aroid collections in the Gardens that have potentialities not widely recognised. The aim of this study is to reveal the diversity of aroids species in the Bogor Botanic Gardens, their scientific value, their conservation status, and their potential as ornamental plants, medicinal plants and food. The methods of the research include direct observation in the garden and nursery collections, analysis of the Gardens’ long-term registration database, as well as herbarium studies in both the Herbarium Bogoriense and the Gardens’own herbarium. A total of 130 species of aroids belonging to 36 genera have been cultivated in the Bogor Botanic Gardens. It is estimated that the gardens has 29% of the total number of genera in the world (21 genera are native to Indonesia). The aroid collection consists of terrestrial plants, aquatic plants and climbing plants (61 species, 12 species and 57 species, respectively). Amorphophallus paeoniifolius has developed further as a food plant. Genera such as Aglaonema, Alocasia, Apoballis, Rhaphidophora and Scindapsus have long been used as ornamental plants. Futhermore, some Homalomena species can be extracted for essential oils, while Epipremnum pinnatum has application in the treatment of cancer. Descriptions of some endemic, rare and high value species are discussed in this paper.
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Halbrooks, Mary C. "The English Garden at Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens: Interpretation, Analysis, and Documentation of a Historic Garden Restoration." HortTechnology 15, no. 2 (January 2005): 196–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.2.0196.
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Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens in Akron, Ohio, is a historical estate of national significance. Originally the home of the wealthy Seiberling family in the early 1900s, Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens was designed by renowned Boston landscape architect Warren Manning between 1911 and 1917. In 1915, the English Garden, one of several garden rooms on the estate, was designed by Manning as a walled, hidden garden. Thirteen years later, the garden's style was reconceived and its spatial dimensions restructured by Ellen Biddle Shipman, the foremost among women landscape architects of that time. Historic photographs document the implementation and maintenance of Shipman's design from 1928 to 1946. After 1946, the English Garden, lacking proper maintenance, was transformed into a shady retreat under towering evergreens on its perimeter. Few of the plantings from the Shipman period remained by 1989, whereas the architectural and structuring elements of the garden were still intact. The decision to restore the English Garden to Shipman's planting design provides a highly accurate representation of the garden during a particular period in its history (1928–46). Architectural rehabilitation of the garden's walls, walks, pathways, and pools was followed by an exacting restoration of the plantings according to Shipman's plans. In 1991, restoration of the English Garden was completed and it was opened to the public in 1992. Objectives of this paper are to 1) illustrate and illuminate contemporary historic landscape preservation practice and theory as applied to the English Garden at Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens and 2) document the horticultural methods associated with this historic garden restoration.
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Meyer, Mary Hockenberry, Stan Hokanson, Susan Galatowitsch, and James Luby. "Public Gardens: Fulfilling the University's Research Mission." HortTechnology 20, no. 3 (June 2010): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.3.522.
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Research at botanic gardens, from medieval times to the present day, has evolved to encompass a wide range of topics. The Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, part of the University of Minnesota, is an example of a diverse, successful research program within a public university garden setting. Collaboration, mission, organization, and publications are keys to a successful research program. Future research for public gardens, including putting collections to work for conservation, understanding global change, ecological genomics, restoration ecology, seed banking, and citizen science are collaborative ideas for all botanic gardens to consider. Research can strengthen the botanic garden's role by providing public value while improving ties to the university.
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Hamouié, Mohamad, Karim Hamouié, and Nour Hamouié. "The Gardener-Architect." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 4 (November 13, 2023): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi4.663.
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The spiritual essence and symbolic significance of gardens of paradise (i.e. formal Islamic gardens) have often been overshadowed by modern observations focusing on their physical attributes. But these gardens are not merely earthly landscapes but profound reflections of the divine. Drawing upon Plato's theory of forms, we find that our world is filled with symbols, and human interactions reflect what our souls once comprehended in a previous existence. Gardens, with their unmistakable spiritual nature, are tangible reminders and impressions of paradise on earth. This article considers the garden’s symbolic significance across all major monotheistic religions, and the garden as the original sanctuary, from the time God created humankind. It recalls the earliest recorded imitations of paradise from the era of Cyrus the Great and examines the various iterations of paradise gardens through the age of Islam, all of which seek to manifest the promised paradise recurrently mentioned in the Quran. These gardens hold the key to unveiling deeper spiritual truths and serve as a bridge between the visible and invisible realms.
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Kwon, Min Hyeong, Changwan Seo, Jongyun Kim, Moonil Kim, Chun Ho Pak, and Woo-Kyun Lee. "Current Status of Children’s Gardens Within Public Gardens in the United States." HortTechnology 25, no. 5 (October 2015): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.25.5.671.
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The purpose of this study was to identify the current status and future development of children’s gardens within public gardens in the United States and to examine their roles as places for children to explore natural environments. This study identified 776 public gardens and examined 163 of those gardens using a comprehensive online survey. The sampled public gardens were widely distributed throughout the United States, although they were located primarily in the eastern and western regions of the United States. We found that 55% of the 163 public gardens that we investigated included a children’s garden at the time of data collection, and 26.4% planned to add a children’s garden in the near future. Children’s gardens found within public gardens were typically in a botanical garden and were added after the public gardens were formed. Most of the children’s gardens had a stated purpose of providing children with environmental education by allowing them to experience the natural environment through play. Most children’s gardens occupied a small proportion, less than 1 acre, of the overall size of a public garden. We also found that demographic and socioeconomic factors influenced the development of children’s gardens within public gardens and public gardens in general.
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Chapman-Rietschi, Anne. "Cosmic Gardens." Culture and Cosmos 08, no. 0102 (October 2004): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.01208.0213.
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The article presents different gardens featuring cosmic principles or motifs. Among the examples: the first garden mentioned by the Sumerians; the Biblical Garden of Eden; the astral-related gardens of the Ancient Egyptians; Plato’s garden in Athens; and Tycho Brahe’s ‘Uraniborg on Hven’. The motifs usually focus on planetary spheres and star-shaped designs. Allegorically, these, as well as other thematic astral elements of gardens, enabled the elite to ponder astral and religioud mysteries.
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Vilella-Arnizaut, Isabela B., Diane V. Roeder, and Charles B. Fenster. "Use of botanical gardens as arks for conserving pollinators and plant-pollinator interactions: A case study from the United States Northern Great Plains." Journal of Pollination Ecology 31 (July 6, 2022): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2022)645.
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Botanical gardens have contributed to plant conservation through the maintenance of both living and preserved plant specimens for decades. However, there is still a large gap in the literature about the potential conservation value that botanical gardens could provide to local pollinators. We investigated how plant-pollinator interaction network structure and diversity may differ between botanical gardens and native habitats by sampling and comparing two environments: a restored native grassland patch within a local botanical garden and fifteen native, remnant temperate grassland sites in the Northern Great Plains. We found pollinator diversity within the restored botanical garden’s native grassland patch to be at the high end of the distribution of the remnant temperate grassland sites throughout the entire flowering season. However, plant diversity and network community metrics between the two environments remained similar throughout, except that remnant temperate grasslands have more links (higher connectance) with pollinators than the garden patch. Overall, our findings demonstrate the promising role restored native grassland patches in botanical gardens could play as reservoirs for local pollinator communities by supporting plant-pollinator interactions comparable to those found in native habitat remnants in the same region.
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Emmerik, Joost. "Queer Gardens." CrossCurrents 73, no. 4 (December 2023): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cro.2023.a923589.
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Abstract: This essay explores the author's own identity in relation with his grandmother's garden, as well as the garden plans of several key garden designers. Gardens provide a safe, queer space, set apart from the normative gardens with their straight rows and meticulously controlled land. Queer gardens are about finding a way to relate to the world, a place on earth that means something to their creators, and their visitors, safe spaces in which to behave differently. They're quirky, willful, playful, expressions of the characters of their creators and gardeners. They stretch the idea of what a garden can or should be and in doing this, they inspire other designers.
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Wang, Tongxin. "History of Chinese Classical Gardens." International Journal of Education and Humanities 4, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v4i3.1814.
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From the beginning of Shang Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty the development of Chinese classical landscape gardens went through five periods: the formation period of Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties, the transition period of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the heyday of Tang Dynasty, the maturity period of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the middle and end of Qing Dynasty. Five thousand years of glorious Chinese culture makes Chinese classical gardens different from Western gardens and Islamic gardens. The unique garden system and style give rise to the unique and profound Chinese classical garden system in world history. Based on the history of Chinese classical gardens, the paper focuses on the historical background of the development of the Song garden, the characteristics of typical gardens and literati gardens in the two Song dynasties, in order to understand the development process of the Song garden more deeply. Under the condition of learning and understanding, the method and concept characteristics of classical garden design in Song Dynasty are inherited and applied to modern garden planning and design.
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Ponzi, Jean, Glenda Abney, Matthew A. Albrecht, Sean Doherty, Robbie Hart, Allison Joyce, Nisa Karimi, Daria Mckelvey, Mike Saxton, and Jen Sieradzki. "BiodiverseCity St. Louis—An Initiative of the Missouri Botanical Garden." Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 5, no. 2 (April 10, 2024): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg5020010.
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Botanical gardens are addressing urgent biodiversity issues through plant-based capacities including botanical research and data-sharing, conservation horticulture, ecological restoration, seed banking, and more. The Missouri Botanical Garden initiative BiodiverseCity St. Louis, led by the Garden’s sustainability division, adds broad community engagement to this mix. This work includes public and professional education, the demonstration and promotion of ecological landscaping and Green Infrastructure practices, citizen science programs, and coordinating communications for a regional network of partner organizations focused on biodiversity. Diverse activity engages businesses, local governments, elementary and secondary (K-12) schools, colleges, and community groups. Community biodiversity work at the Garden is informed by an institutional core of scientific rigor, provides opportunity for internal collaborations, and aligns with global strategies for plant conservation—to ground impactful local work. Missouri Botanical Garden’s experience offers a model for public gardens: leveraging modes of community engagement, in concert with diverse institutional strengths, to address biodiversity needs.
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Chen, Huishu, and Li Yang. "Spatio-Temporal Experience of Tour Routes in the Humble Administrator’s Garden Based on Isovist Analysis." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (August 18, 2023): 12570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612570.
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Chinese classical gardens (CCGs), as a distinct spatial category within architectural, historical research, are renowned for creating intricate and ever-changing spatial experiences within confined areas. Despite the existing literature and theories that attempt to explain these rich experiential qualities, many of these explanations need concrete empirical evidence due to the complex nature of gardens, where visual characteristics transform with the movement of people. This study employs a computational analysis method known as isovist to measure the evolving visual features of visitors along four representative pathways within a large-scale garden, the Humble Administrator’s Garden. By analyzing and comparing the changing visual attributes of these four routes, the aim is to validate the relationship between the garden’s pathway system and its spatial structure and assess the influence of pathway selection on the overall garden spatial experience.
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Othman, Noriah, Mohd Hisham Ariffin, Noralizawati Mohamed, and Mohd Ali Waliyuddin A. Razak. "Visitors’ Preferences for Malaysian Botanical Gardens’ Landscapes." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 12 (July 18, 2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i12.122.
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Botanical gardens are bio-diverse flora-based natural attractions. Visitors to two prominent Malaysian botanical gardens were surveyed about their preferences for human oriented gardens’ landscape designs.There were significant differences in the preferences for garden landscapes with poorly maintained man-made structures and jungle-like garden landscapes(National Botanical Gardens), and the Japanese garden landscape (Penang Botanical Gardens) among Malays, Chinese and Indians (p<0.10). There were significant differences in preferences between males and females (p<0.10) for garden landscapes with man-made structures(National Botanical Gardens) and landscapes having open spaces (Penang Botanical Gardens).Keywords: Landscape, Human Oriented, Botanical Gardens, PreferenceseISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Fallahi, Esmaeil, Pontia Fallahi, and Shahla Mahdavi. "Ancient Urban Gardens of Persia: Concept, History, and Influence on Other World Gardens." HortTechnology 30, no. 1 (February 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04415-19.
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The history of Persian gardens goes back to a few millennia before the emergence of Islam in Iran (Persia). Designs of Persian gardens have influenced and are used extensively in the gardens of Al-Andalus in Spain, Humayun’s Tomb and the Taj Mahal in India, and many gardens in the United States and other countries around the globe. Bagh in the Persian language (Farsi) means garden and the word Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq) is rooted from the words bagh and daad (meaning “the garden of justice”). Pasargadae, the ancient Persian capital city, is the earliest example of Persian garden design known in human civilization as chahar bagh or 4-fold garden design. Bagh-e-Eram, or Garden of Eden or Eram Garden, is one the most attractive Persian gardens and is located in Shiraz, Iran. There are numerous other urban ancient gardens in Iran, including Bagh-e-Shahzadeh (Shazdeh), meaning “The Prince’s Garden” in Mahan, Golestan National Park near the Caspian Sea; Bagh-e-Fin in Kashan; Bagh-e-El-Goli in Tabriz; and Bagh-e-Golshan in Tabas. The design of each Persian garden is influenced by climate, art, beliefs, poetry, literature, and romance of the country and the region where the garden is located. In addition, each garden may have a gene bank of fruits, flowers, herbs, and vegetables. Although countless gardens were destroyed in the hands of invaders throughout the centuries, Persians have attempted either to rebuild or build new gardens generation after generation, each of which has become a favorite destination to tourists from around the world.
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Kazarova, S. Y., and G. A. Novitskaya. "Ancient parks and gardens of Northern and Eastern India." Journal of Native and Alien Plant Studies, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37555/2707-3114.1.2021.247560.
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The 30 ancient gardens of Northern India were studied: 9 palace gardens, 13 memorial gardens (at tombs), 8 gardens of “royal rest”, and 2 ancient botanical gardens of West Bengal (East India) for 11 years (from 2008 to 2019). Brief information is given for each object: the year of the garden' s foundation, the size, historical objects on the territory of the park (garden), the presence of old-age trees and some tree species is noted; inaccessible and / or rarely visited ancient gardens are described in more detail (Mughal Gardens in Delhi, Yadavindra Gardens in Pinjor and others). A full description of the ancient gardens (parks) of India is given in the publications of the authors, a list of which is given.
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Carlsson, Liesel, Patricia L. Williams, Jessica S. Hayes-Conroy, Daphne Lordly, and Edith Callaghan. "School Gardens: Cultivating Food Security in Nova Scotia Public Schools?" Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 77, no. 3 (September 2016): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2015-051.
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Purpose: A small but growing body of peer-reviewed research suggests that school gardens can play a role in building community food security (CFS); however, to date little research exploring the role of school gardens in supporting CFS is available. This paper begins to address this gap in the literature. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, single-case study design was used. The focus of this case study was the school food garden at an elementary school in the River Valley, Nova Scotia, school community. Results: Results provide useful information about potential CFS effects of school gardens in addition to the environmental effects on school gardens important to their effectiveness as CFS tools. Findings suggest children gained food-related knowledge, skills, and values that support long-term CFS. A local social and political landscape at the community, provincial, and school board level were key to strengthening this garden’s contributions to CFS. Conclusions: We support Dietitians of Canada’s nomination of school gardens as an indicator of CFS with theoretical and practical evidence, underscore the importance of a supportive environment, and need for further research in this area. Health professionals and community organizations provide critical support, helping to weave gardens into a greater movement towards building CFS.
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Karge, Toni. "Placemaking and urban gardening: Himmelbeet case study in Berlin." Journal of Place Management and Development 11, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 208–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-10-2017-0109.
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PurposeThis paper aims to examine urban community gardens from the urban planning perspective. The paper analyses the Berlin case study Himmelbeet and its relation to the concept of critical placemaking (Toolis, 2017) and placemaking principles of Madden and Schwartz (1999).Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on participatory action research. It examines one specific case study in Berlin where the author volunteered for several years. The set of placemaking principles is used as anex-postanalysis tool to evaluate how the community garden meets the criteria of placemaking.FindingsThe paper shows that the urban community garden can be considered as a placemaking scheme although it was not planned with placemaking instruments. The garden’s placemaking process shows strategies to challenge issues of exclusion, disinvestment and depoliticization of public spaces and thus exemplifies the possibilities of citizen-controlled placemaking processes.Originality/valueThe paper links placemaking with urban community gardens by assessing the placemaking principles and discussing the criteria of critical placemaking. The paper also contributes to a better understanding of urban community gardens in relation to current trends of austerity and urban inequalities.
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Kim, Jaehyun, Moon Kyu Lee, Ji Hoon Park, and Kyung Mee Lee. "An Analysis of Visual Preference and Characteristics through a Woodland Garden Perception Survey." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 26, no. 6 (December 31, 2023): 735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2023.26.6.735.
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Background and objective: Woodland gardens, or gardens designed to emulate the aesthetic and environmental characteristics of forest vegetation, can assist in resolving various environmental and societal problems. However, research regarding woodland gardens in a Korean context has been insufficient, as the concept has only recently been introduced to Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the Korean public's perceptions of two types of woodland gardens and to suggest future directions for the popularization of woodland gardens in Korea.Methods: This study was carried out based on a survey. The respondents were provided with a questionnaire on three sets of images representing two types of woodland garden (naturalistic and urban) and a typical formal garden. The questionnaire was designed based on the semantic differential method to gather information on the general public's recognition of the concept of woodland gardens, and their preference and perception of each type of garden. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 29.Results: The results suggest that the majority of the respondents were familiar with the term "woodland garden." Of the types of gardens, preference for naturalistic woodland gardens (NWGs) was the highest. Landscape adjectives associated with each type of garden were natural, harmonious, comfortable and simple for NWGs, and organized, artificial, simple, poor, and comfortable for urban woodland gardens (UWGs). A factor analysis on the adjectives identified four factors for each type. Of the identified factors, comfort and stability were found to have particularly greater effects on preference.Conclusion: Preference for NWGs was greater than UWGs, due to the perception that they provided greater comfort and stability. It is expected that designing woodland gardens based on the finding of this study would aid in the popularization of woodland gardens, and the advancement of garden culture in Korea.
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Ebrahimi, Ahad Nejad, Farnaz Nazarzadeh, and Elnaz Nazarzadeh. "PERSIAN GARDENS IN COLD AND DRY CLIMATE: A CASE STUDY OF TABRIZ’S HISTORICAL GARDENS." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 10, no. 3 (November 28, 2016): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i3.925.
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Throughout history, gardens and garden designing has been in the attention of Persian architects who had special expertise in the construction of gardens. The appearance of Islam and allegories of paradise taken from that in Koran and Saints’ sayings gave spirituality to garden construction. Climate conditions have also had an important role in this respect but little research has been done about it and most of the investigations have referred to spiritual aspects and forms of garden. The cold and dry climate that has enveloped parts of West and North West of Iran has many gardens with different forms and functions, which have not been paid much attention to by studies done so far. The aim of this paper is to identify the features and specifications of cold and dry climate gardens with an emphasis on Tabriz’s Gardens. Due to its natural and strategic situation, Tabriz has always been in the attention of governments throughout history; travellers and tourists have mentioned Tabriz as a city that has beautiful gardens. But, the earthquakes and wars have left no remains of those beautiful gardens. This investigation, by a comparative study of the climates in Iran and the effect of those climates on the formation of gardens and garden design, tries to identify the features and characteristics of gardens in cold and dry climate. The method of study is interpretive-historical on the basis of written documents and historic features and field study of existing gardens in this climate. The results show that, with respect to natural substrate, vegetation, the form of water supply, and the general form of the garden; gardens in dry and cold climate are different from gardens in other climates.
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Gwedla, Nanamhla, Susanna Francina A. Cornelius, Marié J. Du Toit, and Sarel S. Cilliers. "Stakeholder Perceptions of the Ecosystem Services of Health Clinic Gardens in Settlements and Small- to Medium-Sized Cities in the North-West Province, South Africa." Land 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11111904.
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Gardens provide spaces for connectedness to nature, which contributes to human well-being and promotes pro-environmental behavior. However, the provision of ecosystem services (ES) in gardens of sub-Saharan Africa is challenged by a lack of knowledge, resulting in inefficient gardening practices. Stakeholders also influence the manifestation of ES provisioning through their perceptions, learning, and decisions. Health clinic gardens may be able to address some of these challenges where other types of gardens fail because of a lack of awareness of other garden benefits and a lack of gardening skills and knowledge, among other factors. Thus, this study aimed to assess stakeholder perceptions of ES provided by health clinic gardens in the North-West province, South Africa. Survey questionnaires were administered to 218 stakeholders across 105 health clinic gardens to ascertain their involvement and prioritization of the ES provided by the gardens and their perspectives on gardens in general. The diversity and abundance of stakeholders per clinic garden were enumerated based on the respondents’ reports. Stakeholder prioritization of ES was scored out of 5, where 1 is the least prioritization. Health clinic gardens have a diversity of one to five types of stakeholders per garden, and more than 80% of the gardens were reported to have a groundsman. Stakeholders spent 1.5 ± 0.5 to 4.7 ± 0.12 days/week engaged in garden activities. Groundsmen spent the most time (4.7 ± 0.12 days/week) in the gardens, while facility managers spent the least (0.90 ± 0.12). Regulating and cultural ES, each scoring an average of 3.7 out of 5, were perceived as the most valuable ES of health clinic gardens. A “garden” was mainly associated with vegetable cultivation and rarely linked with recreation or aesthetical appreciation. A case for establishing these gardens across the country and other developing countries of the Global South can be made through the assessment of their potential ES from the perspectives of stakeholders. This study addresses this topic and contributes to an understanding of the importance of a variety of stakeholders for maintaining functional health clinic gardens.
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Myszka, Izabela, and Katarzyna Augustyniak. "THE ROAD AS AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF THE CONTENT OF THE SHOW GARDEN." Space&FORM 2020, no. 46 (June 24, 2021): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2021.46.c-03.
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In this article, we focus on the subject of the show garden and place for path in the garden, in particular its forms and functions in space and meaning. The form and function of path was examined on the basis of selected, representative examples of historical gardens and contemporary show gardens of the festival in Chaumont-sur-Loire. The results showed that a path is the leading element of every garden, and its form has a decisive influence on the composition of the entire space and allows you to note content. Based on the research results, road system diagrams in historical gardens were developed and model concepts for show gardens inspired by the history of gardens were developed. The currently very touching topic of Quarantine has become the leitmotif of the garden content.
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Biswas, Pijush Kanti, N. S. Teotia, and Minonti Pait. "Studies on Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Different Type of Khasi Mandarin (Citrus Reticulata L.Blanco) Orange Gardens at Lower Dibang Valley District of Arunachal Pradesh." Asian Journal of Science and Applied Technology 1, no. 1 (May 5, 2012): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajsat-2012.1.1.672.
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The study was undertaken to know the present status of the Khasi mandarin orange gardens of Lower Dibang Valley district of Arunachal Pradesh. A baseline survey was done prior to the investigation and likewise twenty four gardens were selected randomly from the region and grouped into three gardens viz. small, medium and large garden. Observations were taken on yield and yield attributing characters of the gardens. It has been observed that among the different types of garden small garden recorded highest in terms of yield and yield attributing characters of the plant.
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Wang, Yunda, Qiguan Shu, Ming Chen, Xudounan Chen, Shiro Takeda, and Junhua Zhang. "Selection and Application of Quantitative Indicators of Paths Based on Graph Theory: A Case Study of Traditional Private and Antique Gardens in Beijing." Land 11, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122304.
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Chinese Traditional Gardens (CTGs) are an important part of China’s cultural inheritance from the past. Today’s China has experienced rapid urbanization, raising the need for a new form of contemporary gardens intended to satisfy peoples’ need for traditional culture. Garden paths are important in CTGs; they are designed to show visitors changing views with each step, and to lead them to secluded, quiet places via winding paths. This enhances the ornamental interest of the gardens. Based on plane graphics, this study evaluates the characteristics of three types of garden paths in fourteen traditional gardens and a contemporary antique garden, the Daguan Garden in Beijing. The analysis uses correlation and factor analysis to integrate 28 quantitative path indicators into five aspects of average, scale, network, wide, and aggregation. The 28 indicators can be expressed by six simple indicators: average connection length, number of path sections, alpha index, average width, average tortuous angle, and concentration degree. The results show small variations of garden paths between traditional gardens, but a considerable difference between the contemporary garden and traditional gardens. The research proposes a framework for the quantification and comparison of garden path features that can be applied before and after garden path construction, for both ancient and modern garden styles. This framework generates garden path feature values and theoretical values of six indicators, and is not constrained by the garden scale. Therefore, it provides an accurate and efficient design tool for garden designers.
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Hage, Ingebjørg. "Renessansehagen – utforming og hagekunstneriske motiver." Nordlit 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.1803.
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The focus of this article is the gardens of the Italian Renaissance, their main motifs of garden art and how these motifs spread through Europe during the centuries. Motifs from the garden art of Firenze and Rome in the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries were established in France, England and the German speaking countries during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and in Norway during the seventeenth. These gardens started among the Italian aristocracy, but as the gardens and garden motifs went north they were also adopted by the less well to do classes. Still during the twentieth century small parterre gardens with the same lay-out as in the Italian Renaissance could be found in small scale farm gardens in marginal parts of Europe - for example in Norway, Germany and Switzerland. Single garden motifs survived during the centuries, and they were performed in local materials, but the garden concept from the Italian Renaissance had disappeared.
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Bardzinska-Bonenberg, Teresa, and Agata Bonenberg. "SYSTEMATICS OF COMPOSITIONS IN HISTORICAL GARDENS AS A DESIGN SUPPORT IN CONTEMPORARY DESIGN CONCEPTS." Space&FORM 2021, no. 48 (December 6, 2021): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2021.48.c-01.
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People always valued nature around them so the gardens accompanied their houses and residences from the ancient times. Some features of garden compositions were recurring in historical periods differing only in some aspects. In contemporary gardens they are repeated again. To assess the coincidences, a short graphic analysis of the basic features of historical gardens was developed. A tool that has allowed to identify differences and similarities between old and contemporary is the tabulation of composition schemes of well-known historic gardens and comparing the results with the features of the recent developments. This allowed us to investigate whether the same elements of composition, despite 21st century changes, apply today. Key words: residential garden, historical establishments, garden layout, composition, contemporary gardens, repeated solutions.
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Yun, Jiayan, Wenbo Yu, and Hao Wang. "Exploring the Distribution of Gardens in Suzhou City in the Qianlong Period through a Space Syntax Approach." Land 10, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060659.
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This study explored the spatial distribution of Suzhou gardens in the Qianlong period (AD 1736–1796) through an innovative method combining spatial syntax and historical textual analysis. Through a spatial syntax approach, a stress axis model analysis suggested that the greater the degree of integration and prosperity of a street, the denser the distribution of gardens surrounding it. A canal axis model analysis indicated that more gardens were built around canals that were less integrated and had less traffic. The accuracy and reliability of the axis model analysis results were validated using historical documents and images. The following was observed: (1) Gardens were densely distributed in the prosperous commercial areas at the northern and southern ends of Suzhou City. The more prosperous the location of a garden, the greater the influence on its popularity. (2) Gardens were concentrated in residential areas with booming businesses. (3) Large numbers of gardens were built along canals with poor traffic functions. Building gardens by diverting water into them reflected the complementary relationship between urban geographical characteristics and garden-building techniques. (4) Gardens promoted commercial development, and commerce drove the preservation and continuation of gardens. The findings revealed the complementary relationship between garden preservation and commercial development.
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Alkaisi, Omar F., Suzan A. H. Ibrahim, and Hmood G. Khaleefa. "The Role of Healing Gardens in The Landscape Sustainability For Public Gardens." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 923, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/923/1/012012.
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Abstract There were emergences trends towards achieving sustainability in landscape. But the study of the role of healing gardens in the landscape sustainability for the public gardens had not been studied previously in recent literatures. The research hypothesis is that healing gardens have a role in the landscape sustainability for public gardens. The research depends on a descriptive analytical study for public garden samples, which applied the design principles and elements of healing gardens (accessibility, Sense of control, Flexibility, etc). These gardens also relied in their designs on the basic principles of sustainability. The results showed that healing gardens effectively contribute achieving landscape sustainability for public garden through the use of natural materials, the cultivation of local plants, consistent with the local climate, and enhancing social interaction and sensory interaction with the landscape.
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Kanara, Nahda, Ritawati, Sentot Wahono, Trisia Wulantika, Chairunnisak, Rasdanelwati, and Darmansyah. "Pelatihan Budidaya Tanaman Hortikultura untuk Optimalisasi Pekarangan di Nagari Taeh Bukik, Sumatera Barat." Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 8, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.8.3.269-275.
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Horticulture plants are fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants, which are easy to cultivate in home gardens, could reduce household consumption expenditure and offer the good impact for family food security. Therefore, it is necessary to perform community training on horticulture technology by utilizing local resources. The purposes of this community service are to increase public awareness of the home garden’s existence and management, to increase the insight and knowledge of PKK members in horticultural crops cultivation, and to engage PKK members to practice horticulture cultivation in home garden. This community service was located in Taeh Bukik village, Limapuluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra from June‒September 2020. Methods of activities are audience, counseling, training, mentoring, while evaluation method are interview, observation, and survey to the trainees home gardens. This service, is moderately successful by being able to increase public awareness of the importance of the homegarden, increase the insight and knowledge of PKK members on horticulture cultivation, and PKK members were engage to practice horticulture cultivation in their own home garden, which is evidenced by the increase of plant diversity and plants arrangement practice in home gardens.
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Bittenbender, H. C. "Home Gardens in Less Developed Countries." HortScience 20, no. 4 (August 1985): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.4.645.
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Abstract Home gardens are an ancient and widespread agricultural system. Today in the United States and other developed countries (DCs), the home garden remains as a popular hobby. Horticulture departments in the United States work with home gardeners as one of their land grant university responsibilities. What is the status of home gardens in the less developed countries (LDCs) of Africa, Asia, and Latin America? Are home gardens simply hobbies there as well? Can home gardens contribute to the nutritional and household needs of poor families in LDCs? What is the record of past home garden projects in these countries? Is there a state-of-the-art strategy to improve home gardens? Is there a role for the horticultural scientist? These questions are addressed in this review of home gardens in LDCs, their crops and role in meeting nutritional and other needs of poor families. The design and results of past home garden projects and 2 strategies for improving home gardens are evaluated. Recent initiatives by international agencies, e.g., UNICEF and USAID, and the challenge these present to horticultural scientists also are discussed.
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Wang, Rushi, and Shigeto Yanai. "Characteristics and Roles of School Gardens in Urban Areas of Japan: Perspective of School Managers." Land 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2023): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12030565.
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Children spend most of their time at school; thus, agricultural experiences (AEs) in school gardens through school organizations are important for children to remain connected to agriculture and nature. Although various studies confirm the tremendous benefits of school gardens, the lack of studies on the characteristics of school gardens and the factors that influence the effectiveness of their AEs is telling. In this study, a questionnaire was developed and sent to the school garden managers of the public elementary schools in an urban area in Japan to analyze the characteristics of school garden and their influencing factors through descriptive analysis and inferential statistics. The results identified the location effects on the type of school gardens: school gardens inside the school are better able to ensure the safety of children but have less connection with the community; school farms outside the school are better able to ensure a place for children to have AEs; schools with both a school garden and farm have a stronger connection to the community than those with only school gardens, however, safety is decreased. In addition, the lack of budget, teachers, supportive policies, and motivation among school garden managers in operating school gardens was noted. Therefore, ensuring government support, coordinating the time of school garden managers, and strengthening the connection and cooperation between elementary schools and local communities are primary issues for consideration in the future.
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Fekete, Albert, Máté Sárospataki, and Szabolcs Vajda. "Technical aspects of the reconstruction of historic gardens." Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences 17, no. 1 (December 8, 2021): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/446.2021.00031.
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Abstract Built elements and structures are a prominent component of our historic gardens, both in terms of function and artistic composition and garden scenery. The surveys of historic garden structures are important research tasks, which also underpins and validates restoration work. In most cases, the neglected state of historic gardens and sites and the unavailable archival materials do not allow an authentic restoration of historic gardens to their original state. Nevertheless, there is a real need to reconstruct our historic gardens, based not only on historical authenticity but also on a systematic reinterpretation of the relationship between society and landscape. The objective of this article is to present a general methodology for renewal of historic gardens through examples of specific garden reconstructions. The case studies are the authors' own design works, which demonstrate the application of different design approaches, highlighting details of the reconstruction of specific built garden elements.
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Kohlleppel, Tammy C., Jennifer C. Bradley, and Steve Jacob. "525 A Walk through the Garden: Can a Visit to a Botanic Garden Reduce Stress?" HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 485E—485. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.485e.
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Stress has been called the epidemic of the 90s and has been found to play an important role in causing many diseases. To help cope with the stresses of life, people often seek out leisure activities and nature. Botanic gardens provide a place for experiencing recreational activities and the natural environment. Researchers at the Univ. of Florida developed a survey to gain insight into the influence of a botanic garden on visitor stress. Three botanic gardens in Florida participated in the survey of garden visitors; these included Bok Tower Gardens, Fairchild Tropical Garden, and Mounts Botanical Garden. More than 300 surveys were administered to and completed by visitors of these gardens in Apr. 1999. The survey consisted of three main sections: 1) visitor perceptions of botanic gardens, 2) visitor personal perceptions, and 3) demographic variables. A stress process model was developed that incorporated botanic gardens as a coping strategy. The relative importance of a visit to a botanic garden and other stress process factors were examined for their importance in stress reduction. Also, botanic gardens were placed in context of the stress process model with the development of a multivariate framework. The stress process model included individual factors, stressors, stress mediators, and stress outcomes. Findings from this study provided insight into the role of botanic gardens as a method to cope with the effects of stress. Results showed that a visit to a botanic garden is important in the context of the stress process model as a coping strategy. Data also showed that visitors receiving the most benefit of stress reduction were persons most needing a coping strategy, those having higher depression index scores.
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Gverdtsiteli, R., and Z. Manvelidze. "НЕИЗВЕСТНАЯ ЖЕМЧУЖИНА СРЕДИ ЯПОНСКИХ САДОВ ЗА РУБЕЖОМ (Японский сад в Батумском ботаническом саду, Грузия)." LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA, no. 2 (2022): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37770/2712-7656-2022-2-46-52.
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This paper aims to bring attention of the Japanese Garden experts to the unknown pearl, real jewelamong Japanese gardens abroad, which was built in the beginning of the 20th century in the Batumi Botanical Garden, Georgia. We assume that this Garden has a significant value for the history of the Japanese gardens abroad, since it might be the oldest one on the territory of Imperial Russia. Japanese gardens, which has millennium-old history of religion and landscaping art, have begun their spread worldwide at the end of 19th – beginning of 20th centuries. The first examples were intended to introduce Japanese culture overseas and were connected to international events or as a part of an active cultural and political exchange between the countries’ governments 1. However, the building of the Japanese Garden at the Batumi Botanical Garden was not dedicated to any big international event. From this prospective, we can conclude that it is somehow unique in few aspects: historical, cultural and even diplomatically. Research question of the paper is: how and why the Japanese garden was built in Batumi? Our research on the Japanese Garden at the Batumi Botanical Garden will be limited due to the lack of materials on the topic. Some questions to be researched will still remain. Nonetheless, this paper is the attempt to summarize and analyze all sources on the topic available in Georgia.
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Weber, Hans Christian. "Grüne Inseln auf Malta – 3. Die Palastgärten." Der Palmengarten 73, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/palmengarten.67.
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Auf Malta gibt es eine Vielzahl von öffentlichen Gärten und Parkanlagen mit recht unterschiedlichen Charakteren, wie etwa die individuellen Stadtparks (Town and Village Gardens), diverse Gärten der Festungsanlagen (Fortification Gardens) in spektakulärer Umgebung oder mit Buskett Gardens, The Palace, San Anton Gardens und Romeo Romano Garden vier sehr alte Palastgärten (The Palace Gardens), die hier vorgestellt werden.
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Tang, Shilan, and Jinghui Liang. "The Regional Characteristics and Development of Plant Landscape Construction in Sichuan Garden." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 05055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019405055.
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Sichuan garden is one of the important regional schools in Chinese classical gardens. The construction of plant landscape in Sichuan gardens show obvious regional characteristics. By sorting out the types of the Sichuan gardens, this paper selects the representative classical gardens and modern gardens in Sichuan area as research cases to study plant landscape construction. From the perspective of landscape architecture and urban natural ecological environment, this paper summarizes the regional characteristics of Sichuan gardens in the construction of plant landscape, and explores the role of Sichuan regional plant landscape construction in displaying the local regional culture, improving the quality of life of urban residents, the urban living environment and urban ecological environment. Taking Du Fu Thatched Cottage, Qingyang Palace, Wenshu Temple and Living-water Garden in Chengdu as examples, this paper analyses the regional construction methods of plant landscape in Sichuan gardens, summarizes the regional characteristics of plant landscape construction in Sichuan gardens, in order to provide reference for the improvement of urban ecological environment.
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Badley, Cathy, David J. Hill, and Nicholas Wray. "Inadequate Accession Data Compromises the Conservation Value of Plant Collections." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 2 (October 31, 2004): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2004.97.
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The accession data quality and record keeping at 21 botanic gardens, 35 gardens with National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG) collections, and eight other significant gardens in the UK was surveyed in January 2001, with special reference to Hebe.Nearly half of all the gardens in the survey had no written policies or procedures on accessions. This correlated significantly (p<0.05) with poorer quality accession data. Only 14% of botanicgardens and 17% of NCCPG gardens recorded all the minimum accession data fields recommended by the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). Only a third of all types of garden stored all their data on computer; a third of the botanic gardens updated their data less frequently than every two years, and the information transferred from the accession records to labels was sometimes scant. There was a significant negative correlation between the average number of accessions per member of staff, and accession data quality — more than 250accessions per member of staff often corresponding to poor data quality.We challenge the view that botanic gardens should only concentrate on plants from the local indigenous flora (Action Plan for Botanic Gardens in the European Union, BGCI 2000) becauseit restricts the educational role and research potential of the garden and limits the world-wide collections of endangered species being kept safe from indigenous hazards. However, with a need to limit the plants in gardens to a manageable number with good records, criteria will be needed to select which species to represent in collections. A list of criteria, developed from areview of the Hebe collection in the University of Bristol Botanic Garden, is suggested for all plants in botanic and similar gardens.
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Ding, Yang, Olena Semykina, Andriy Mykhailenko, Olga Ushakova, and Oleksandr Khliupin. "Modern Chinese and Japanese garden as a symbol of national identity in the context of globalism." Landscape architecture and art 19, no. 19 (December 30, 2021): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2021.19.09.
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The article considers examples of modern gardens and parks with elements of Chinese and Japanese landscape design, analyzes the degree of their similarity with historic gardens. A comparative analysis of historic gardens and modern gardens and parks is carried out in order to prove which elements of traditional oriental landscape design are cited the most. A set of elements that embody national identity in modern Chinese and Japanese gardens is argued. It is shown how, over time, including under the direct influence of multiculturalism and in connection with the typification of pavilions for mass construction, the concentrated national features of eastern gardens were gradually smoothed out. As the most recognizable elements of modern Chinese gardens, pavilions, sculpture, compositions of stones, Japanese gardens – gates-torii, pagodas, compositions of boulders, "dry gardens", landscaping with sakura, coniferous trees, and Japanese maples were identified. Compared to Chinese gardens, in a modern Japanese garden outside of Japan there may be no buildings at all or their number is minimal, and the natural environment itself is more natural. On the contrary, the Chinese garden outside of China showcases the art of landscape design and the craftsmanship of man-made landscape paintings.
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Wu, Huan, Xiaofeng Long, and Yanfei Geng. "Companion Plants of Tea: From Ancient to Terrace to Forest." Plants 12, no. 17 (August 25, 2023): 3061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12173061.
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China is one of the origins of ancient tea gardens, with a long history of tea culture and tea cultivation. Guizhou Province is an important tea production place in southwest China with rich forest tea resources. The purpose of this study is to obtain historical information on companion plants in historical tea gardens and provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of forest tea gardens in Guizhou Province. We conducted a statistical analysis and comparison of plant species among ancient tea gardens, terrace tea gardens, and forest tea gardens from a diachronic perspective, based on 21 ancient tea literature studies, 116 terrace tea garden documents, and 18 sampled plots of forest tea gardens in Guizhou. A total of 24 companion plants species belonging to 16 families and 22 genera were found in ancient tea gardens, 81 species were found in terrace tea gardens belonging to 37 families and 74 genera, and 232 species were found in sample plots of forest tea gardens belonging to 90 families and 178 genera. Companion plants can be divided into three categories. Most of the plant families recorded in the literature also appeared in the forest tea garden we surveyed. In ancient tea gardens, terrace tea gardens, and forest tea gardens, Poaceae, Fabaceae, and Rosaceae were the most dominant families, respectively. The intercropping of tea gardens has been practiced since ancient times. Companion plants in natural forest tea gardens not only provide important insights into intercropping of terrace gardens but also hold significant implications for the conservation of existing forest tea gardens and the sustainable development of tea gardens.
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E. May, J., and B. E. Heterick. "Effects of the coastal brown ant Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius), on the ant fauna of the Perth metropolitan region, Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 1 (2000): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc000081.
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This paper reports on the apparent displacement of native and exotic ants from gardens in the Perth Metropolitan region by the coastal brown ant (Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius)). Twelve gardens were sampled, four with P. megacephala present, and eight (the controls) where the ant was judged to be absent. Eight out of the 26 ant species recorded (including the coastal brown ant) were introduced. Ninety-two per cent of pitfall trap contents comprised the four most abundant species: P. megacephala, lridomyrmex chasei (Forel), Tetramorium simillimum (F. Smith) and Paratrechina ?obscura (Mayr). Three of the four P. megacephala-dominated gardens were depauperate of almost all other ant species. The fourth P. megacephala-infested garden had a relatively small number of coastal brown ants (104), and the highest number of ant species was found in that garden. The removal of this outlier garden left an average range of one to three species for the other three P. megacephala-infested gardens. Control gardens had between five and 12 ant species. Total ant abundance ranged from an average of 1 027 per P. megacephala-infested garden (increasing to 1 171 if the outlier garden is removed) to 146 at control gardens. There was a significant difference both in ant richness and ant abundance between the controls and P. megacephala-infested gardens (P < 0.05). This remained the case when figures for coastal brown ants were excluded from calculations.
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Gachkar, Sadaf, Darya Gachkar, Mozafar Abbaszadeh, Soheila Aghlmand, and Sattar Sattary. "The Characteristics of Persian Historical Gardens (Case Study: Emarat Birooni Garden of Urmia, Iran)." HABITAT 33, no. 3 (December 1, 2022): 287–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.habitat.2022.033.3.28.
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Persian gardens are valuable historical and cultural human-built landscapes however, Persian gardens are deteriorating gradually. Thus, comprehensive studies would be helpful in obtaining deeper insights into different aspects and meaning of Persian gardens. The descriptive-analytical approach was used to review the EmaratBirooni garden of Urmia (Campus of Urmia University) as it is the only remnant of Qajar period demonstrating a clear image of the past of the Persian garden model in Urmia. Data were employed through literature review and on-site field study. It was found that the Campus of Urmia University had three historical eras- era 1: Before the garden was purchased by American missionaries, era 2: The settlement of American missionaries, era 3: After American missionaries left and delivered the garden to the government. By examining the periods, it was seen that the survival of the campus stemmed from proper uses in each era. This suggests that new uses suiting the contemporary conditions could be beneficial in protecting historical gardens. In this respect, it is essential to protect historical gardens since these gardens can become a cultural capital to the future generations.
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Salwa, Mateusz. "Estetyka, etyka i logika ogrodu. Filozofia Rosaria Assunta." Artium Quaestiones, no. 26 (September 19, 2018): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/aq.2015.26.5.
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The essay offers a philosophical interpretation of the concept of the garden accordingto the contemporary Italian aesthetician Rosario Assunto (1915–1994). Assuntosystematically developed a philosophical theory focused on the question of theidentity of the garden. He was interested in the “idea of the Garden” which, in hisopinion, determined historical gardens both at the ontological and epistemologicallevel. He defined the garden in terms of a happy connection of man and nature, basedon the aesthetic contemplation of beauty, characteristic of all the gardens regardlessof historical differences among them. According to Assunto, gardens are places whichcombine together aesthetics, ethics, and logic. This combination determines theunique identity of the garden which takes various forms, depending on the individualpoetics of their makers, socio-historical realities, taste, and the correspondent ideas ofnature. Assunto’s starting points are thus historical versions of the garden, descriptiveliterature, and German philosophy of the turn of the 19th century. For the Italianphilosopher, gardens have not only historical and artistic, but also ecological aspects,so that they should be protected and restored. Assunto’s theory is a unique proposalwhich anticipates today’s reflection on the topic of gardens, but seems much moresatisfactory than many contemporary approaches (A. Berleant, M. Miller, S. Ross).
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Hobbs, Jack, and Rebecca Stanley. "Garden Profile: Auckland Botanic Gardens." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 12 (October 29, 2014): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2014.20.
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Auckland Botanic Gardens is a relatively young botanic garden that opened in 1982 and covers 64 hectares in Manurewa, South Auckland. The plant collections include both exotic and New Zealand (NZ) native plants. The native plant collections are described and illustrated. The use of native plants for environmental and ecological enhancement is also explained.
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Bhandari, Nirajan, and Umed Kumar Pun. "Study on Government Managed Gardens in Public Buildings of Kathmandu Valley." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v21i2.62358.
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An area embellished with ornamental plants near the city area and office can give a pleasurable, picturesque and naturalistic effect which creates a refreshing and conducive working environment for both staff and service seekers. A study was carried out to elucidate the existing situation of the government managed gardens in public buildings located in the Kathmandu valley. The gardens were selected purposively and the study was made based on the number of plant species, composition of plants, styles of gardening, maintenance of garden and appreciation of the garden. The maintenance and the appreciation of gardens were evaluated by the Likert scale (1-4). The abundance of tree was higher followed by herbaceous perennial, herbaceous annual, shrub, cacti and succulent. The garden of Narayanhiti Palace Museum was found to be dominant in tree, shrub and herbaceous perennial while the Garden of Singha Durbar and Supreme Court was found to be dominant in herbaceous annual. The frequency of Thuja orientalis (tree), Bougainvillea spp (shrub), Cuphea hyssopifolia (herbaceous perennial), Calendula officinalis (herbaceous annual) and Petunia hybrida (herbaceous annual) were higher. This study shows that formal gardens (66.66%) dominated informal gardens (33.34%). It was found that the maintenance and the overall appreciation of gardens were fair to good. The gardens need improvements in various aspects to make them artistic and beautiful.
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Goto, Seiko, Yuki Morota, Congcong Liu, Minkai Sun, Bertram Emil Shi, and Karl Herrup. "The Mechanism of Relaxation by Viewing a Japanese Garden: A Pilot Study." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 13, no. 4 (June 5, 2020): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586720924729.
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Aim: To explore people’s visual attention and psychological and physiological responses to viewing a Japanese garden (an asymmetrically designed garden) and an herb garden (a symmetrically designed garden). Background: There are few studies of eye movements when observing different style gardens, and how they are connected to the interpretation of the space, and physiological and psychological responses. Method: Thirty subjects were recruited and their physiological and psychological responses to viewing the garden types were assessed using a heart-rate monitor and questionnaire. Eye movements while viewing projected slide images of the gardens were tracking using an eye-tracking monitor. Results: A significant decrease in heart rate was observed when subjects were viewing the Japanese garden as opposed to viewing the herb garden. Mood was significantly improved in both gardens, but eye-gaze patterns differed. The Japanese garden elicited far more comments about expectations for the coming season; unlike the herb garden, it also induced memories of viewing other landscapes. Conclusion: The physiological and psychological responses to viewing gardens differs based on the quality of landscape design and the prior experience of viewers.
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Somerset, Shawn, and Antoine Bossard. "Variations in prevalence and conduct of school food gardens in tropical and subtropical regions of north-eastern Australia." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 9 (September 2009): 1485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008004552.
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AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and usage of food gardens in primary schools in three distinct climatic regions of north-eastern Australia.DesignCross-sectional surveys combining quantitative and qualitative data collection. Two separate telephone questionnaires were developed and implemented, according to the presence or absence of a food garden within the school. Main outcome measures were answers to scaled response and open-ended questions related to factors supporting and inhibiting the establishment and sustainability of school food gardens.SettingAll state primary schools in three disparate regions of the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland were asked to participate in the study.ResultsA total of 71 % (n 128) of schools agreed to participate. Of these, thirty-seven primary schools had functioning food gardens. The variations in prevalence between regions combined with respondent views indicated climate as a major factor affecting the success of food gardens. Gardens were often used as a tool by schools to teach science, environment or social skills. Gardening activities were generally linked to curriculum studies on plants, fruit and vegetable intake, and healthy eating. The main issues for schools and teachers in establishing food gardens were the time required and the lack of personnel to coordinate garden activities. Of the schools with food gardens, 92 % believed their garden had been a success.ConclusionsThe study revealed strong grass-roots support for school-based food gardens. Although climate and location were important factors associated with the presence of a functioning food garden, respondents nominated teacher involvement and sustained motivation as essential factors for successful school food gardens.
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Dunnett, Nigel, and Muhammad Qasim. "Perceived Benefits to Human Well-being of Urban Gardens." HortTechnology 10, no. 1 (January 2000): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.1.40.
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Private gardens occupy a significant proportion of the total surface area of a British city. For many people, the garden represents their only contact with nature and their chance to express themselves creatively. Yet relatively little research has been carried out on the role and value of such gardens to human well-being. We report in this paper on a major survey on the role of private, urban gardens in human well-being, conducted with a wide cross-section of randomly selected garden owners from the city of Sheffield, England, over the summer of 1995. In particular, we discuss the perceived value that gardens have to the well-being of people, both individually through the enjoyment of their own gardens and collectively through the contribution of city gardens to environmental enhancement. We relate these values to age, gender and social demographics.