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Journal articles on the topic 'Garden experiments'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

MENDEL, GREGOR. "Experiments in a Monastery Garden." American Zoologist 26, no. 3 (August 1986): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/26.3.749.

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2

Breed, Christina A., Agata Morelli, Christian W. W. Pirk, Catherine L. Sole, Marié J. Du Toit, and Sarel S. Cilliers. "Could Purposefully Engineered Native Grassland Gardens Enhance Urban Insect Biodiversity?" Land 11, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081171.

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Progress is required in response to how cities can support greater biodiversity. This calls for more research on how landscape designers can actively shape urban ecologies to deliver context-specific empirical bases for green space intervention decisions. Design experiments offer opportunities for implemented projects within real-world settings to serve as learning sites. This paper explores preliminary ecological outcomes from a multidisciplinary team on whether purposefully engineered native grassland gardens provide more habitat functions for insects than mainstream gardens in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. Six different sites were sampled: two recently installed native grassland garden interventions (young native), two contemporary non-native control gardens (young non-native) on the same premises and of the same ages as the interventions, one remnant of a more pristine native grassland reference area (old native), and one long-established, non-native reference garden (old non-native). Plant and insect diversity were sampled over one year. The short-term findings suggest that higher plant beta diversity (species turnover indicating heterogeneity in a site) supports greater insect richness and evenness in richness. Garden size, age, and connectivity were not clear factors mediating urban habitat enhancement. Based on the preliminary results, the researchers recommend high native grassland species composition and diversity, avoiding individual species dominance, but increasing beta diversity and functional types when selecting garden plants for urban insect biodiversity conservation in grassland biomes.
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3

Anderson, Lewis E., Margaret R. Basile, and Dominick V. Basile. "Common garden experiments with Sphagnum in axenic culture." Journal of Bryology 17, no. 1 (January 1992): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.1992.17.1.15.

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4

Xun, Yi, and Guangpei Ren. "Smart Garden Planning and Design Based on the Agricultural Internet of Things." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (January 7, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8522751.

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To improve the effect of urban agricultural garden landscape planning and design, this paper combines the agricultural Internet of Things technology to construct a smart garden planning and design system. Moreover, this paper selects the LEACH protocol that can support monitoring for a long time according to actual application needs, introduces the latest swarm intelligence optimization algorithm, the gray wolf algorithm, to optimize some of the problems in the LEACH protocol, and conducts simulation experiments on the improved algorithm. The simulation experiment results show that the improved algorithm has obvious advantages in cluster head selection, data transmission within the cluster, and route maintenance. After constructing a smart garden planning system based on the agricultural Internet of Things, the effect of the agricultural Internet of Things data processing in this paper is evaluated. Finally, this paper constructs a garden simulation system and analyzes the performance of the system. The results verify that the agricultural Internet of Things has a good effect in the planning and design of smart gardens.
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5

Quinn, Ruth, and Alejandro Dussaillant. "The impact of macropores on heavy metal retention in sustainable drainage systems." Hydrology Research 49, no. 2 (February 19, 2018): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2018.277.

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Abstract Numerous laboratory and field experiments have found that rain gardens exhibit excellent heavy metal retention (>88%). However, none examined the impact of macropore flow on this retention; this was established to be a key factor in heavy metal capture by previous landfill leachate experiments. Therefore, the aim of the experiments detailed in this paper was to investigate the effect of a single artificial macropore on heavy metal retention in a layered soil column (with a similar configuration to a rain garden). The findings of these experiments suggest that macropore flow does not impact the hydraulic performance or heavy metal retention of the columns with 99% of copper, lead and zinc captured. This indicates that macropores are not detrimental to heavy metal retention in rain garden systems with highly conductive soils; this was attributed to the high hydraulic conductivity of the media used and the depth of the system. However, in shallower systems, such as green roofs, the retention of heavy metals and other pollutants may be impacted by the existence of preferential flow, and more research into this area is needed.
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6

Despard, Erin K. "Creative Weeding and Other Everyday Experiments in the Garden." Brock Review 10, no. 1 (September 25, 2008): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/br.v10i1.22.

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Weeding is a mundane activity that nonetheless affords the opportunity to reorient garden practices in a manner that is more open with regard to relations between humans and non-human beings. Based on a critical analysis of what constitutes a weed and the psychological and political significance of weeding, as well as a consideration of the agency of plants generally, I argue that a more creative or experimental approach to weeding may help to unsettle otherwise habitual and unreflective practices. Enabling individuals to become more open to new ways of doing things in the garden and new ways of thinking about non-human nature, may in turn contribute to the efficacy of collective responses to environmental change.
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7

Juraev, Fazliddin, and Galib Karimov. "Mathematical model of water absorption area in intensive garden irrigation from the ground." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 01044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126401044.

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This article presents the results of field experiments to irrigate intensive gardens, located in water-scarce areas, from the soil with special piles. Experiments were conducted in Kagan district of Bukhara region in 2016 to determine the optimal procedure for in-soil irrigation of apple variety "Pinc lady" in the intensive orchard, established in 2016 at the farm "Siyavush Kamron FOOD" in cooperation with Turkey. In this case, a mathematical model was developed to determine the irrigation area corresponding to the radius of propagation of the roots of three-year-old trees and to calculate water consumption. This makes it possible to determine the norms of irrigation of intensive garden trees. This method can be used to set half scrubby intensive gardens in such areas where water is insufficient and use energy-saving technologies in the future.
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8

Novitski, Charles E. "Revision of Fisher's Analysis of Mendel's Garden Pea Experiments." Genetics 166, no. 3 (March 2004): 1139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.166.3.1139.

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9

Zhao, Yujie, Xuejun Yang, Xinqiang Xi, Xianming Gao, and Shucun Sun. "Phenotypic Plasticity in the Invasion of Crofton Weed (Eupatorium adenophorum) in China." Weed Science 60, no. 3 (September 2012): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-11-00198.1.

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Phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolution are two important strategies by which invasive species adapt to a wide range of environments and consequently are closely associated with plant invasion. To test their importance in invasion success of Crofton weed, we examined the phenotypic response and genetic variation of the weed by conducting a field investigation, common garden experiments, and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker analysis on 16 populations in China. Molecular markers revealed low genetic variation among and within the sampled populations. There were significant differences in leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), and seed number (SN) among field populations, and plasticity index (PIv) for LA, SLA, and SN were 0.62, 0.46 and 0.85, respectively. Regression analyses revealed a significant quadratic effect of latitude of population origin on LA, SLA, and SN based on field data but not on traits in the common garden experiments (greenhouse and open air). Plants from different populations showed similar reaction norms across the two common gardens for functional traits. LA, SLA, aboveground biomass, plant height at harvest, first flowering day, and life span were higher in the greenhouse than in the open-air garden, whereas SN was lower. Growth conditions (greenhouse vs. open air) and the interactions between growth condition and population origin significantly affect plant traits. The combined evidence suggests high phenotypic plasticity but low genetically based variation for functional traits of Crofton weed in the invaded range. Therefore, we suggest that phenotypic plasticity is the primary strategy for Crofton weed as an aggressive invader that can adapt to diverse environments in China.
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10

Good, J. F., A. D. O'Sullivan, D. Wicke, and T. A. Cochrane. "Contaminant removal and hydraulic conductivity of laboratory rain garden systems for stormwater treatment." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 12 (June 1, 2012): 2154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.135.

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In order to evaluate the influence of substrate composition on stormwater treatment and hydraulic effectiveness, mesocosm-scale (180 L, 0.17 m2) laboratory rain gardens were established. Saturated (constant head) hydraulic conductivity was determined before and after contaminant (Cu, Zn, Pb and nutrients) removal experiments on three rain garden systems with various proportions of organic topsoil. The system with only topsoil had the lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity (160–164 mm/h) and poorest metal removal efficiency (Cu ≤ 69.0% and Zn ≤ 71.4%). Systems with sand and a sand–topsoil mix demonstrated good metal removal (Cu up to 83.3%, Zn up to 94.5%, Pb up to 97.3%) with adequate hydraulic conductivity (sand: 800–805 mm/h, sand–topsoil: 290–302 mm/h). Total metal amounts in the effluent were <50% of influent amounts for all experiments, with the exception of Cu removal in the topsoil-only system, which was negligible due to high dissolved fraction. Metal removal was greater when effluent pH was elevated (up to 7.38) provided by the calcareous sand in two of the systems, whereas the topsoil-only system lacked an alkaline source. Organic topsoil, a typical component in rain garden systems, influenced pH, resulting in poorer treatment due to higher dissolved metal fractions.
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11

Schwinning, Susanne, Christopher J. Lortie, Todd C. Esque, and Lesley A. DeFalco. "What common‐garden experiments tell us about climate responses in plants." Journal of Ecology 110, no. 5 (May 2022): 986–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13887.

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12

de Villemereuil, P., O. E. Gaggiotti, M. Mouterde, and I. Till-Bottraud. "Common garden experiments in the genomic era: new perspectives and opportunities." Heredity 116, no. 3 (October 21, 2015): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2015.93.

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13

Stahl, Peter D., Martha Christensen, and S. E. Williams. "Population variation in the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae: uniform garden experiments." Mycological Research 94, no. 8 (December 1990): 1070–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)81335-x.

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14

Consaul, Laurie L., Lynn J. Gillespie, and Marcia J. Waterway. "Systematics of three North American polyploid arctic alkali grasses (Puccinellia, Poaceae): morphology, ploidy, and AFLP markersThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Systematics Research." Botany 86, no. 8 (August 2008): 916–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-073.

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We used flow cytometry, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), and macromorphology from field and common garden specimens to delimit and identify parental taxa of three polyploid species of Puccinellia from the North American Arctic. Tetraploid Puccinellia bruggemannii T.J. Sørensen, hexaploid Puccinellia angustata (R. Br.) E.L. Rand & Redfield, and octoploid Puccinellia andersonii Swallen were generally separable based on ploidy and AFLP pattern, and showed allopolyploid origin. All three shared AFLP bands with at least two diploids and with Puccinellia phryganodes (Trin.) Scribn. & Merr., shown here to have both triploid and tetraploid populations in Canada. Approximately 10% of hexaploid individuals had AFLP patterns that were intermediate between P. angustata and P. bruggemannii, or P. angustata and P. andersonii, and occupied corresponding intermediate positions in morphological ordinations. Geographic distributions provide better support for introgression than for multiple polyploid events to account for these intermediate patterns. In common garden experiments, half of the characters had significantly different values between field and common garden specimens, but these plastic characters varied depending on the species pair analyzed and between experiments. Moreover, several characters were significantly different among species, but these characters were also different in each of the two experiments. Given this variation, we pooled the field and common garden data to determine important key characters by discriminant analysis of species pairs.
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15

Tiddens, Paul, and Raymond Cloyd. "Susceptibility of Three Rose Genotypes to Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Adult Feeding." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2006.014.

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Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) adults are a major insect pest of cultivated roses, causing extensive feeding damage to both foliage and flowers. Insecticides are primarily used to minimize adult injury to roses; however, insecticides may be harmful to natural enemies and their use may be restricted, particularly in public gardens. An alternative management strategy is the use of rose genotypes that express some level of herbivore tolerance. However, there is little information on rose genotypes that are tolerant or less susceptible to adult Japanese beetle leaf feeding. This study evaluated the susceptibility of three new rose genotypes introduced into the Crasberg Rose Garden at the Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, U.S. The genotypes were Rosa ‘Radrazz’ Knock Out™, Rosa ‘Crimson Bouquet,’ and Rosa ‘Love and Peace.’ Two laboratory experiments, a no-choice and multiple-choice leaf-feeding assay, were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to assess susceptibility of the new rose and two established genotypes to Japanese beetle adult feeding. Although there were significant statistical differences between the rose genotypes, in almost all cases the mean percentage damage rating exceeded 50%. Mean percentage damage ratings for the 2002 and 2003 no-choice experiments ranged from 15% to 78% and 60% to 75%, respectively. Mean percentage damage ratings for the 2002 and 2003 multiple-choice experiments ranged from 34% to 58% and 47% to 53%, respectively. These results indicate that all the rose genotypes tested are susceptible to Japanese beetle adult feeding and may not be appropriate selections for use in areas with established Japanese beetle populations.
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16

Pakhomov, Alexander, Julia Bojarinova, Roman Cherbunin, Raisa Chetverikova, Philipp S. Grigoryev, Kirill Kavokin, Dmitry Kobylkov, Regina Lubkovskaja, and Nikita Chernetsov. "Very weak oscillating magnetic field disrupts the magnetic compass of songbird migrants." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 133 (August 2017): 20170364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0364.

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Previously, it has been shown that long-distance migrants, garden warblers ( Sylvia borin ), were disoriented in the presence of narrow-band oscillating magnetic field (1.403 MHz OMF, 190 nT) during autumn migration. This agrees with the data of previous experiments with European robins ( Erithacus rubecula ). In this study, we report the results of experiments with garden warblers tested under a 1.403 MHz OMF with various amplitudes (∼0.4, 1, ∼2.4, 7 and 20 nT). We found that the ability of garden warblers to orient in round arenas using the magnetic compass could be disrupted by a very weak oscillating field, such as an approximate 2.4, 7 and 20 nT OMF, but not by an OMF with an approximate 0.4 nT amplitude. The results of the present study indicate that the sensitivity threshold of the magnetic compass to the OMF lies around 2–3 nT, while in experiments with European robins the birds were disoriented in a 15 nT OMF but could choose the appropriate migratory direction when a 5 nT OMF was added to the stationary magnetic field. The radical-pair model, one of the mainstream theories of avian magnetoreception, cannot explain the sensitivity to such a low-intensity OMF, and therefore, it needs further refinement.
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17

Alemu, Mohammed Hussen, and Carola Grebitus. "Towards sustainable urban food systems: Analyzing contextual and intrapsychic drivers of growing food in small-scale urban agriculture." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): e0243949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243949.

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Small-scale urban agriculture is associated with positive health and environmental outcomes. Previous studies examined factors that drive people to grow foods in urban areas mainly drawing on qualitative data. This research investigates quantitatively what determines consumer preferences for growing foods in community gardens, informing efforts to upscale urban agriculture. We conducted choice experiments in North America and performed latent class analysis of contextual and intrapsychic factors affecting consumers’ preferences for growing foods in cities. Results show that providing tools and guidance are the most important contextual factors affecting community garden participation. The preferences of proponents of growing foods are explained by their high subjective knowledge about growing foods and reasons tied to the benefits of participating in community gardening. Opponents of growing foods at community gardens are characterized by low knowledge. The findings can be used to design policies that promote sustainable food systems in urban areas.
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18

van Nifterik, Gustaaf. "French Constitutional History, Garden or Graveyard?" European Constitutional Law Review 3, no. 3 (October 2007): 476–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019607004762.

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On 29 May 2005 the French said no to the draft of a European Constitution. And frankly, the French should know about constitutions! One can differ whether the history of France should be considered a fruitful garden of constitutional thought, a graveyard of constitutional experiments, a ‘musée des constitutions’, or a minefield; in any case it is beyond doubt that the French are rather experienced in constitutions and constitutional changes. Since the French Revolution in 1789, France has been a monarchy, a republic more than once, an empire twice and a constitutional monarchy in between; the nineteenth century shows the pattern monarchy, republic, empire; since 1958 the French live in their Fifth Republic.There is a lot to learn from the constitutional history (perhaps struggle is a better word in this context) of this important European country for any political entity in search of a proper constitution. Which constitutional institutions were a success, which were not; why did it or did it not work out the way it was planned?
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19

Vernet, Nicolas, and Anne Coste. "Garden Cities of the 21st Century: A Sustainable Path to Suburban Reform." Urban Planning 2, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v2i4.1104.

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The garden city is often presented as a low-density, unsustainable and space-consuming archetype of suburbanization (Duany, Roberts, & Tallen, 2014; Hall, 2014; Safdie & Kohn, 1997). It has been deliberately also misused by property developers for gated communities (Le Goix, 2003; Webster, 2001). But these projects have little in common with the original concept of garden cities. We argue that the original garden city, as a theory (Howard, 1898) and as experiments (Letchworth and Welwyn Garden Cities), is a precedent that can be used in a sustainable approach that addresses a range of issues and concerns, such as housing, governance, the economy, mobility, the community, agriculture, energy and health. The recent Wolfson Economics Prize (2014) and the many new garden cities and suburbs projects currently planned in the UK have demonstrated the resurgence of this model in the planning world, both in terms of theory and practice. In this paper, we explore its potential in the light of environmental challenges. We therefore suggest that as a model, it can in particular underpin the evolution of suburbs in an era of energy transition, since these areas require an ecosystemic rather than sectoral approach to design.
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20

Pelini, Shannon L., Sarah E. Diamond, Heidi MacLean, Aaron M. Ellison, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Nathan J. Sanders, and Robert R. Dunn. "Common garden experiments reveal uncommon responses across temperatures, locations, and species of ants." Ecology and Evolution 2, no. 12 (November 2, 2012): 3009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.407.

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21

Troy, William C. "Logarithmic spiral solutions of the Kopell–Howard lambda–omega reaction–diffusion equations." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, no. 5 (May 2022): 053104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0082736.

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Our investigation of logarithmic spirals is motivated by disparate experimental results: (i) the discovery of logarithmic spiral shaped precipitate formation in chemical garden experiments. Understanding precipitate formation in chemical gardens is important since analogous precipitates form in deep ocean hydrothermal vents, where conditions may be compatible with the emergence of life. (ii) The discovery that logarithmic spiral shaped waves of spreading depression can spontaneously form and cause macular degeneration in hypoglycemic chick retina. The role of reaction–diffusion mechanisms in spiral formation in these diverse experimental settings is poorly understood. To gain insight, we use the topological shooting to prove the existence of 0-bump stationary logarithmic spiral solutions, and rotating logarithmic spiral wave solutions, of the Kopell–Howard lambda–omega reaction–diffusion model.
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22

Iversen, Richard R., and Thomas C. Weiler. "Strategies to Force Flowering of six Herbaceous Garden Perennials." HortTechnology 4, no. 1 (January 1994): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.4.1.61.

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A renewed interest in perennial garden plants occurred during the 1980s. The need for more information on how to force the plants for flower-show exhibition prompted this research. Experiments were designed that combined the effects of cold storage, daylength, and greenhouse temperature on the development of perennials. The six species and cultivars studied were categorized by the interaction of cold and daylength on their growth and flowering strategy.
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23

Staley, Lynn. "“For yet under the yerde was the mayde”: Chaucer in the House of Fiction." Chaucer Review 57, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 190–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/chaucerrev.57.2.0190.

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Abstract In a scene near the beginning of Chaucer’s Shipman’s Tale, a maid child stands as silent witness to a conversation between a wife and a monk within the garden of a wealthy French merchant. By using her as an observer to the scene in the garden, Chaucer, perhaps for the first time in English literature, employs the gaze of a child to highlight the narrative of experience. In this article I explore the maid child as a sign of Chaucer’s experiments with perspective. Since Chaucer probably first wrote the Shipman’s Tale with the Wife of Bath as narrator, the maid child looks forward to the old hag in the Wife of Bath’s Tale. In placing or keeping her in the tale, Chaucer anticipates modernist experiments with perception, looking forward to Henry James, whose What Maisie Knew describes the gaze of another child upon the unsavory bartering of an adult world.
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Huang, Chunmei, and Yushan Zheng. "Application of 3D Virtual Scanning Technology in Landscape Planning of Complex Landscape Gardens." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 28, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5495825.

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In order to solve the problem of technical precision in landscape planning of complex landscape garden topography, the authors propose a research using 3D virtual scanning technology. The main content of this research is based on the overall architecture of the 3D virtual landscape planning system, the construction of the system architecture, and the optimization of VR design scenarios; finally, through experiments, the feasibility of 3D virtual scanning technology is obtained. Experimental results show that the number of landscape connection points measured by the author is more than 1500, and the accuracy is between 0.2 and 0.6 pixels, indicating that for the mutual connection and orientation between models, the system has a good application prospect in the landscape planning of complex landscape garden topography. The research on 3D virtual scanning technology is proven, and it can meet the application in the landscape planning of complex landscape garden topography.
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25

Ebeling, S. K., J. Stocklin, I. Hensen, and H. Auge. "Multiple common garden experiments suggest lack of local adaptation in an invasive ornamental plant." Journal of Plant Ecology 4, no. 4 (March 29, 2011): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtr007.

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26

Patterson, Adair, Lluvia Flores-Rentería, Amy Whipple, Thomas Whitham, and Catherine Gehring. "Common garden experiments disentangle plant genetic and environmental contributions to ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure." New Phytologist 221, no. 1 (July 16, 2018): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.15352.

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27

Schrader, James A., Christopher J. Currey, Nicholas J. Flax, David Grewell, and William R. Graves. "Effectiveness of Biopolymer Horticultural Products for Production and Postproduction Nutrient Provision of Garden and Bedding Crops and Container Ornamentals." HortTechnology 28, no. 3 (June 2018): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03992-18.

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We evaluated emerging biopolymer horticultural products that provide fertilizer nutrients to plants (fertilizing biocontainers, pelletized biopolymer fertilizer, and biopolymer fertilizer spikes) for their effectiveness during greenhouse production and garden growth of floriculture crops, and during postproduction culture of container ornamentals. Greenhouse experiments (in 4.5-inch containers) and garden trials were performed with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum), petunia (Petunia ×hybrida), and marigold (Tagetes patula). Postproduction experiments were performed with 12-inch hanging baskets containing lobelia (Lobelia erinus), trailing petunia (Calibrachoa ×hybrida), and petunia, and with 13-inch patio planters containing zonal geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum), spikes (Cordyline indivisa), bidens (Bidens ferulifolia), and trailing petunia. Although slightly less effective than synthetic controlled-release fertilizer (CRF), all three nutrient-containing biopolymer horticultural products were sufficient and suitable for providing fertilizer nutrients to plants grown in containers and in garden soil. Results of the postproduction experiment provided proof-of-concept for the effectiveness and potential of biopolymer fertilizer spikes as a sustainable method for providing fertilizer nutrients to containerized plants. The current formulation of pelletized biopolymer fertilizer was somewhat more effective for vegetable crops (pepper and tomato) than for floriculture crops (marigold and petunia). For plants produced in 4.5-inch containers, the combination of the fertilizing biocontainer with no additional fertilizer in the greenhouse, then burying the fertilizing container beneath the plant to degrade and provide nutrients in the garden was very effective. Biopolymer horticultural products represent a promising alternative to petroleum-based plastic containers and synthetic fertilizers. Adoption of some or all of these technologies could improve the environmental sustainability of the horticulture industry without reducing productivity or efficiency, and without increasing labor intensity.
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Pipíška, Martin, Simona Ballova, Vladimir Fristak, Libor Ďuriška, Miroslav Hornik, Stefan Demcak, Marian Holub, and Gerhard Soja. "Assessment of Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials for Effective Removal of Radiocesium." Key Engineering Materials 838 (April 2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.838.103.

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Pyrogenic carbonaceous materials produced by pyrolysis process of various waste feedstocks are increasingly used in non-soil applications such as water purification tools. Pyrogenic carbonaceous materials thermochemically converted from wood chips, corn cobs, garden green waste, cherry pits, walnut shells, pine cones and municipal sewage sludge in slow pyrolysis under N2 atmosphere, were characterized by total C analysis, specific surface area, volumes of micro- and mesopores and tested in batch experiments as potential radiocesium sorption materials. Cesium adsorption-desorption experiments were conducted using the 137Cs radioisotope. Although tested materials significantly differ in Cs removal, Cs+ ions uptake could be attributed to the mechanisms of Freundlich surface adsorption. The highest maximum sorption capacities were reached for pine cones, wood chips and garden waste pyrogenic materials and reached 95.9 to 126 μmol g-1. These results demonstrate suitability of selected Pyrogenic carbonaceous materials as Cs adsorbents potentially useable as reactive barriers for 137Cs contaminated effluents.
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29

Bouarafa, Sofia, Laurent Lassabatere, Gislain Lipeme-Kouyi, and Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo. "Hydrodynamic Characterization of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuDS) by Using Beerkan Infiltration Experiments." Water 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2019): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040660.

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Stormwater management techniques in urban areas, such as sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS), are designed to manage rainwater through an infiltration process. In order to determine the infiltration capacities of different SuDS and to identify their unsaturated hydraulic properties, measurements with the Beerkan method (i.e., single ring infiltration tests) were carried out on four types of common infiltration structures in an urban zone of Lyon (France): A drainage ditch with an underlying storage structure, a parking lot with a waterproof pavement that transfers runoff water toward the ditch, a vegetated hollow core slab, and an embankment of a grass-covered garden that was used as a reference for rainwater infiltration capacity. The novelty of this study lies in the use of three Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameters (BEST) algorithms: BEST-slope, BEST-intercept, and BEST-steady to analyze infiltration data. The BEST methods are based on the analysis of the infiltration rate from transient to steady-state flow. They allow the determination of both shape and scale parameters of the soil water retention curve h(θ) and the hydraulic conductivity curve K(θ). The three BEST methods are efficient and simple for hydraulic characterization of SuDS. The study of the hydrodynamic behavior of the four structures revealed the infiltration inefficiency of some of them. Their average infiltration rates are considerably lower than the reference infiltration rain garden. The results confirmed the impact of some physical conditions, such as pore structure modification due to invasive vegetation colonization and the presence of soil organic matter, on soil hydrodynamic behavior degradation.
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Pietsch, Dana, Peter Kühn, and Miranda Morris. "Mubarak’S Garden. Land Improvement on a Dry Tropical Island in the Arabian Sea." Journal of Landscape Ecology 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2014-0006.

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Abstract Inhabited dry tropical regions are principally seen as vulnerable areas, especially if people have limited access to suitable land, fresh water and crop seeds. From the traditional, but also from the scientific point of view in some cases, it might be considered to be exceptional, indeed pointless, for people to try to improve land in such an arid environment. But for people living directly on a hypersaline coastline, experiments in crop cultivation are necessary to produce additional fruits and vegetables, using either traditional or adapted techniques of land cultivation. Soil investigations in a kitchen-garden situated on the northern coast of Soqotra Island, Yemen, show that one year of cultivation increased Corg contents from 0 up to 0.7%, and Pav contents from 100 mg kg-1 up to 230 mg kg-1 in the garden beds. A general decrease in slightly soluble salts - explained by irrigation with fresh water - is already obvious after only one year: decreasing from 6.7% slightly soluble salt in marine sand, to 0.3% slightly soluble salt in cultivated beds. A vertical increase of clay content in sediments and soils, and also an inland increase of clay content, was observed. It is hoped that this example will encourage future research on kitchen-gardens, since they have a beneficial effect on society as well as having positive environmental consequences, as seen in the present case of land improvement on Soqotra Island in the Arabian Sea
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Zhang, Qian, Shuang Lu, Lei Liu, Yi Liu, Jing Zhang, and Daoyuan Shi. "Color Enhancement of Low Illumination Garden Landscape Images." Traitement du Signal 38, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 1747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.380618.

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The unfavorable shooting environment severely hinders the acquisition of actual landscape information in garden landscape design. Low quality, low illumination garden landscape images (GLIs) can be enhanced through advanced digital image processing. However, the current color enhancement models have poor applicability. When the environment changes, these models are easy to lose image details, and perform with a low robustness. Therefore, this paper tries to enhance the color of low illumination GLIs. Specifically, the color restoration of GLIs was realized based on modified dynamic threshold. After color correction, the low illumination GLI were restored and enhanced by a self-designed convolutional neural network (CNN). In this way, the authors achieved ideal effects of color restoration and clarity enhancement, while solving the difficulty of manual feature design in landscape design renderings. Finally, experiments were carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed image color enhancement approach.
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Karamysheva, A. V., G. A. Firsov, L. P. Trofimuk, and L. V. Orlova. "PECULIARITIES AND METHODS OF SEED PROPAGATION OF DWARF SIBERIAN PINE (PINUS PUMILA(PALL.) REGEL, PINACEAE) AT SAINT-PETERSBURG." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences 29, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2019-29-2-181-189.

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The Dwarf Siberian Pine ( Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel) is being grown at Peter the Great Botanic Garden of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS at Saint-Petersburg (Russia) since the beginning of the XIX century, and it is here it was firstly introduced into general cultivation. This is highly decorative evergreen conifer, suitable both for singular and group planting and promising for alpine gardens. It is winter hardy and stands the climate of North-West Russia well. As a result of experiments of seed propagation the new method of growing this species from seeds has been elaborated with usage of the seed germination regulators without long stratification. The use of new regulators of seed germination allows to simplify the well-known methods of growing the Dwarf Siberian Pine from seeds and to enlarge the ratio and the quality of the plants grown.
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Christopher, Yuliana, Celestino Aguilar, Dumas Gálvez, William T. Wcislo, Nicole M. Gerardo, and Hermógenes Fernández-Marín. "Interactions among Escovopsis, Antagonistic Microfungi Associated with the Fungus-Growing Ant Symbiosis." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7121007.

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Fungi in the genus Escovopsis (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) are prevalent associates of the complex symbiosis between fungus-growing ants (Tribe Attini), the ants’ cultivated basidiomycete fungi and a consortium of both beneficial and harmful microbes found within the ants’ garden communities. Some Escovopsis spp. have been shown to attack the ants’ cultivated fungi, and co-infections by multiple Escovopsis spp. are common in gardens in nature. Yet, little is known about how Escovopsis strains impact each other. Since microbe–microbe interactions play a central role in microbial ecology and evolution, we conducted experiments to assay the types of interactions that govern Escovopsis–Escovopsis relationships. We isolated Escovopsis strains from the gardens of 10 attine ant genera representing basal (lower) and derived groups in the attine ant phylogeny. We conducted in vitro experiments to determine the outcome of both intraclonal and interclonal Escovopsis confrontations. When paired with self (intraclonal interactions), Escovopsis isolated from lower attine colonies exhibited antagonistic (inhibitory) responses, while strains isolated from derived attine colonies exhibited neutral or mutualistic interactions, leading to a clear phylogenetic pattern of interaction outcome. Interclonal interactions were more varied, exhibiting less phylogenetic signal. These results can serve as the basis for future studies on the costs and benefits of Escovopsis coinfection, and on the genetic and chemical mechanisms that regulate the compatibility and incompatibility observed here.
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Koinm, A. J. "Christopher Merret's use of experiment." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 54, no. 1 (January 22, 2000): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2000.0093.

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Christopher Merret's Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum has been criticized because he only collected material rather than doing research himself. However, Merret, first Harveian Librarian of the Royal College of Physicians and charter member of the Royal Society of London, used his talents as curator to ensure as accurate a description of plants and animals as was possible in 1666, to make the most complete compilation of his day. His steps to collect new plants, his translation of and interpolations to Neri's The Art of Glass , his garden of herbs, and his reports to the Royal Society on his experiments show his recognition of the importance of experiment.
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Trott, Sandra, Shirley F. Nishino, Jalal Hawari, and Jim C. Spain. "Biodegradation of the Nitramine Explosive CL-20." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 3 (March 2003): 1871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.3.1871-1874.2003.

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ABSTRACT The cyclic nitramine explosive CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane) was examined in soil microcosms to determine whether it is biodegradable. CL-20 was incubated with a variety of soils. The explosive disappeared in all microcosms except the controls in which microbial activity had been inhibited. CL-20 was degraded most rapidly in garden soil. After 2 days of incubation, about 80% of the initial CL-20 had disappeared. A CL-20-degrading bacterial strain, Agrobacterium sp. strain JS71, was isolated from enrichment cultures containing garden soil as an inoculum, succinate as a carbon source, and CL-20 as a nitrogen source. Growth experiments revealed that strain JS71 used 3 mol of nitrogen per mol of CL-20.
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Thorpe, Roger S., James T. Reardon, and Anita Malhotra. "Common Garden and Natural Selection Experiments Support Ecotypic Differentiation in the Dominican Anole (Anolis oculatus)." American Naturalist 165, no. 4 (April 2005): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/428408.

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Thorpe, Reardon, and Malhotra. "Common Garden and Natural Selection Experiments Support Ecotypic Differentiation in the Dominican Anole (Anolis oculatus)." American Naturalist 165, no. 4 (2005): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3473478.

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Żurawik, Piotr, and Monika Placek. "The influence of biohydrohumus on growth and development of garden pansy (Viola x wittrockiana Gams.)." Acta Agrobotanica 66, no. 3 (2013): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2013.035.

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In the years 2007–2008, experiments were conducted with four cultivars of garden pansy grown in pots, in media prepared as mixtures of wet shrimp waste (BioHydroHumus) and sphagnum peat at the following volumetric ratios: 2% BioHydroHumus + 98% sphagnum peat, 5% BioHydroHumus + 95% sphagnum peat, 10% BioHydroHumus + 90% sphagnum peat. The Osmocote Exact 5–6 M (15:8:10:3MgO + microelements) fertilizer at the rates of 2.5 and 5.0 g × dm<sup>-3</sup> was added to each medium. Sphagnum peat with addition of 5.0 g × dm<sup>-3</sup> Osmocote Exact 5–6 M was used as control medium. It was found that BioHydroHumus can be a source of macroelements in the cultivation of garden pansy. It is characterized by alkaline reaction and high total soluble salts. BioHydroHumus used as a component of media affects the quality of cultivated plants. The best results were obtained when BioHydroHumus was used at the rates of 2 and 5%, even if the rate of fertilizer were twice smaller than in control medium. At full flowering, plants grown in medium containing 5% BioHydroHumus were the most branched. Garden pansies cultivated in medium containing 10% BioHydroHumus were characterized by a smaller number of leaves. Plants grown in media with addition of 2 and 5% BioHydroHumus flowered more abundantly in comparison with garden pansies cultivated in medium containing 10% BioHydroHumus, regardless of the rate of fertilizer. However, an ambiguous influence of BioHydroHumus on height and diameter of garden pansy cultivars was found.
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Kavokin, Kirill, Nikita Chernetsov, Alexander Pakhomov, Julia Bojarinova, Dmitry Kobylkov, and Barot Namozov. "Magnetic orientation of garden warblers ( Sylvia borin ) under 1.4 MHz radiofrequency magnetic field." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 97 (August 6, 2014): 20140451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0451.

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We report on the experiments on orientation of a migratory songbird, the garden warbler ( Sylvia borin ) , during the autumn migration period on the Courish Spit, Eastern Baltics. Birds in experimental cages, deprived of visual information, showed the seasonally appropriate direction of intended flight with respect to the magnetic meridian. Weak radiofrequency (RF) magnetic field (190 nT at 1.4 MHz) disrupted this orientation ability. These results may be considered as an independent replication of earlier experiments, performed by the group of R. and W. Wiltschko with European robins ( Erithacus rubecula ). Confirmed outstanding sensitivity of the birds' magnetic compass to RF fields in the lower megahertz range demands for a revision of one of the mainstream theories of magnetoreception, the radical-pair model of birds' magnetic compass.
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Peng, Shan, Yingzhi Jin, Yiqin Chen, Chunman Wu, Yanjie Wang, Xiaowen Wang, Qijiang Jin, and Yingchun Xu. "Growth Response, Enrichment Effect, and Physiological Response of Different Garden Plants under Combined Stress of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals." Coatings 12, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081054.

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The combined pollution of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is very common in China and needs urgent addressal. The use of resistant garden plants for phytoremediation accounts for both ecological restoration and ornamental value and has great application potential. In this study, cadmium (Cd) and pyrene (Pyr) were used as contaminants, and the growth responses, enrichment characteristics, and physiological responses of common garden plants were studied using greenhouse pot experiments. The Cd-Pyr compound stress affected the growth responses of plants. Chinese Pennisetum and lotus exhibited the best Cd-Pyr removal effect: the removal rates of Cd were 68.91% and 60.25%, respectively, and those of Pyr were 77.52% and 63.74%, respectively. Compound stress promoted the protective enzymes of ryegrass, lotus, and Chinese Pennisetum. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the leaves of the five plants was higher than that in the control group, whereas the chlorophyll and carotenoid content were lower. Overall, the order of resistance of the five garden plants tested under Cd-Pyr compound stress was: Chinese Pennisetum, lotus > ryegrass > Hemerocallis, Purple Coneflower.
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41

Didenko, К. "INVOLVEMENT OF THE THEORY OF SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION FOR CONSIDERATION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND CITY BUILDING PRACTICE." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (April 3, 2020): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-185-191.

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Social aspects of the formation of architectural complexes in metropolian Kharkov have not yet been analyzed in homeland architectural theory. The study into "Kharkov constructivism", due to unfortunate historical ocurrence, is still in fact at the initial stage. Thesises of Kharkov authors illuminate this phenomenon in general or analyze some of the most significant sights. Approaches to the study of social aspects of architecture and urban development went through several stages. Architectural theory of the late 1940s- the beginning of 1950s was sharply critical of the architectural and urban planning experiments in the 1920s. The XXth century Soviet history of architecture in the 1960s and 1970s was marked by ideological rehabilitation of constructivism, including social experiments of the 1920s - early 1930s. A turn from apologetics of the 1960s - 1980s to critical analysis of the architecture and urban development of the avant-garde was indicated at the beginning of 2000s by the studies considering Soviet architectural and urban planning practice in the context of public behavior management as a tool for structuring general population to achieve political goals. Foreign studies into the Soviet avant-garde sprang up in the 1970s - early 1980s affected by Western sociology where architecture began to be viewed as a tool for managing social processes and new types of structures and models of urban planning organization- as “a transition from social to material”. Many studies highlighted the influence of Soviet architectural and urban planning programs of the 1920s and 1930s on the system and structure of public consciousness. There was established that large-scale housing, cultural and domestic construction was carried out as part of the capital's administrative and government center creation programs and the formation of an industrial complex. There were identified four conceptual approaches for housing construction, they were consistently implemented during the realization of the two above-mentioned programs: garden city, communal house, housing complex and social city. In these programs, the concepts of "garden city" and "communal houses" were practically tested and reasonably rejected, and the most productive models were residential complexes and social city. Keywords: social construction, architectural and urban concepts, soviet human, metropolian Kharkov.
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Zemanek, Alicja, and Piotr Köhler. "Historia Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego w Wilnie (1919–1939)." Studia Historiae Scientiarum 15 (November 24, 2016): 301–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23921749shs.16.012.6155.

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The university in Vilna (Lithuanian: Vilnius), now Vilniaus universitetas, founded in 1579 by Stefan Batory (Stephen Báthory), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, was a centre of Polish botany in 1780-1832 and 1919-1939. The Botanic Garden established by Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814) in 1781 (or, actually, from 1782) survived the loss of independence by Poland (1795), and a later closure of the University (1832), and it continued to function until 1842, when it was shut down by Russian authorities. After Poland had regained independence and the University was reopened as the Stefan Batory University (SBU), its Botanic Garden was established on a new location (1919, active since 1920). It survived as a Polish institution until 1939. After the Second World War, as a result of changed borders, it found itself in the Soviet Union, and from 1990 – in the Republic of Lithuania. A multidisciplinary research project has been recently launched with the aim to create a publication on the history of science at the Stefan Batory University. The botanical part of the project includes, among others, drafting the history of the Botanic Garden. Obtaining electronic copies of archival documents, e.g. annual reports written by the directors, enabled a more thorough analysis of the Garden’s history. Piotr Wiśniewski (1884–1971), a plant physiologist, nominated as Professor in the Department of General Botany on 1 June 1920, was the organiser and the first director of the Garden. He resigned from his post in October 1923, due to financial problems of the Garden. From October 1923 to April 1924, the management was run by the acting director, Edward Bekier (1883–1945), Professor in the Department of Physical Chemistry, Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. For 13 subsequent years, i.e. from 1 May 1924 to 30 April 1937, the directorship of the Garden was held by Józef Trzebiński (1867–1941), a mycologist and one of the pioneers of phytopathology in Poland, Head of the Department of Botany II (Agricultural Botany), renamed in 1926 as the Department of Plant Taxonomy, and in 1937 – the Department of Taxonomy and Geography of Plants. From May 1937 to 1939, his successor as director was Franciszek Ksawery Skupieński (1888–1962), a researcher of slime moulds. Great credit for the development of the Garden is due to the Inspector, i.e. Chief Gardener, Konstanty Prószyński (Proszyński) (1859–1936) working there from 1919, through his official nomination in 1920, until his death. He was an amateur-naturalist, a former landowner, who had lost his property. Apart from the work on establishing and maintaining the Garden’s collection, as well as readying seeds for exchange, he published one mycological paper, and prepared a manuscript on fungi, illustrated by himself, containing descriptions of the new species. Unfortunately, this work was not published for lack of funds, and the prepared material was scattered. Some other illustrations of flowering plants drawn by Prószyński survived. There were some obstacles to the further development of the institution, namely substantially inadequate funds as well as too few members of the personnel (1–3 gardeners, and 1–3 seasonal workers). The area of the Garden, covering approx. 2 hectares was situated on the left bank of the Neris river (Polish: Wilia). It was located on sandy soils of a floodplain, and thus liable to flooding. These were the reasons for the decision taken in June 1939 to move the Garden to a new site but the outbreak of the Second World War stood in the way. Despite these disadvantageous conditions, the management succeeded in setting up sections of plants analogous to these established in other botanical gardens in Poland and throughout the world, i.e. general taxonomy (1922), native flora (1922), psammophilous plants (1922), cultivated plants (1924/1925), plant ecology (1927/1928), alpinarium (1927–1929), high-bog plants (1927–1929), and, additionally – in the 1920s – the arboretum, as well as sections of aquatic and bog plants. A glasshouse was erected in 1926–1929 to provide room for plants of warm and tropical zones. The groups representing the various types of vegetation illustrated the progress in ecology and phytosociology in the science of the period (e.g. in the ecology section, the Raunkiaer’s life forms were presented). The number of species grown increased over time, from 1,347 in 1923/1924 to approx. 2,800 in 1936/1937. Difficult weather conditions – the severe winter of 1928 as well as the snowless winter and the dry summer of 1933/34 contributed to the reduction of the collections. The ground collections, destroyed by flood in spring of 1931, were restored in subsequent years. Initially, the source of plant material was the wild plant species collected during field trips. Many specimens were also obtained from other botanical gardens, such as Warsaw and Cracow (Kraków). Beginning from 1923, printed catalogues of seeds offered for exchange were published (cf. the list on p. ... ). Owing to that, the Garden began to participate in the national and international plant exchange networks. From its inception, the collection of the Garden was used for teaching purposes, primarily to the students of the University, as well as for the botanical education of schoolchildren and the general public, particularly of the residents of Vilna. Scientific experiments on phytopathology were conducted on the Garden’s plots. After Vilna was incorporated into Lithuania in October 1939, the Lithuanian authorities shut down the Stefan Batory University, thus ending the history of the Polish Botanic Garden. Its area is now one of the sections of the Vilnius University Botanic Garden (“Vingis” section – Vilniaus universiteto botanikos sodas). In 1964, its area was extended to 7.35 hectares. In 1974, after establishing the new Botanic Garden in Kairenai to the east of Vilnius, the old Garden lost its significance. Nevertheless, it still serves the students and townspeople of Vilnius, and its collections of flowering plants are often used to decorate and grace the university halls during celebrations.
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43

Mingjun, Lu. "‘Liao Garden’ and bodies of energy: Everyday madness and temporal magnetic fields in the work of Zheng Guogu." Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jcca.5.1.93_1.

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The move from Age of Empires to ‘Liao Garden’ constitutes an important conceptual shift in Zheng Guogu’s artistic practice. If Age of Empires can be considered an expansion of thought, ‘Liao Garden’ creates a temporal magnetic field. Both works reveal Zheng’s penetrating insight and depth of understanding in relation to calligraphy, tea ceremonies, architecture, medicine and other everyday experience and forms of knowledge in China. This article examines how, in response to the changing conditions of globalization, Zheng’s continuous fantasy, and his experiments and actions, convey an extraordinary force and kinetic energy. In the context of a reality that does not lie in any specific geographical location, the artist seeks to explore a free world that eliminates the categories of the imperial, the colonial and the globalized.
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44

Martín-Forés, Irene, Miguel A. Casado, Isabel Castro, Alejandro del Pozo, Marco Molina-Montenegro, José M. De Miguel, and Belén Acosta-Gallo. "Variation in phenology and overall performance traits can help to explain the plant invasion process amongst Mediterranean ecosystems." NeoBiota 41 (December 21, 2018): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.41.29965.

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Plant traits such as phenological development, growth rate, stress tolerance and seeds production may play an important role in the process of acclimatisation to new environments for introduced plants. Experiments that distinguish phenotypic plasticity from ecotypic differentiation would allow an understanding of the role of plant traits in the invasion process. We quantified the variation in phenological and overall performance traits associated with the invasion process for three herbaceous species native to Spain and invasive to Chile (Trifoliumglomeratum, Hypochaerisglabra and Leontodonsaxatilis). We grew plants from native and exotic populations along rainfall gradients in outdoor common gardens, located in the native and the introduced ranges and measured plant survival, phenology (days to flowering), biomass and seed output. Days to flowering was positively correlated with precipitation of the origin population for T.glomeratum and the native populations of H.glabra, but this pattern was not adaptive, as it was not associated with an increase in performance traits of these species. Phenology may instead reflect ecotypic differentiation to the environmental conditions of the original populations. Comparison between ranges (i.e. performance in both common gardens) was only possible for L.saxatilis. This species showed little variation in phenology and both native and exotic populations had higher fitness in the introduced range. This suggests that plasticity enhances invasiveness through increased propagule pressure in the novel environment. Our findings highlight the utility of common garden experiments in examining patterns of phenological and performance traits that relate to species invasiveness.
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Ziss, Elisabeth, Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl, Sophia Götzinger, Christoph Noller, Markus Puschenreiter, Andrea Watzinger, and Rebecca Hood-Nowotny. "Exploring the Potential Risk of Heavy Metal Pollution of Edible Cultivated Plants in Urban Gardening Contexts Using a Citizen Science Approach in the Project “Heavy Metal City-Zen”." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 8626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158626.

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Urban gardening has become increasingly popular, creating green oases in cities; however, many of these activities are undertaken in areas of high traffic density or on ex-brown field sites. As a consequence, there are still some barriers to the adoption of these urban gardening practices for food production. One of the public concerns is the transfer of urban pollutants such as heavy metals into the consumer’s food chain, however, city-wide data is often difficult and expensive to collect. In the citizen science project described herein, we conducted simple citizen-led common collaborative experiments in urban community gardens. These data provided information on the potential risk of heavy metal contaminants and ways in which to mitigate those risks in an urban gardening context. Generally, values were below guideline thresholds, however, at a few garden sites, soil trace metal concentrations (Pb, Cd, Zn) exceeded Austrian recommended limits. Moreover, only at two sites were plant trace metal concentrations shown to be above European food standards limits. Given the citizen’s positive response to the project, we suggest expanding this study to the whole of Vienna, giving newly established gardens a chance to predetermine the risks posed by their local soils.
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Offner, Susan. "Mendel's Peas & the Nature of the Gene: Genes Code for Proteins & Proteins Determine Phenotype." American Biology Teacher 73, no. 7 (September 1, 2011): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2011.73.7.3.

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We are beginning to understand the biochemical nature of the genes that Gregor Mendel studied in his classic experiments with garden peas. This paper shows where Mendel's genes are located on the pea chromosome map, discusses the mutations involved in some of these genes, and shows how they can be used to teach classical genetics and the nature of the gene.
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47

Lyakh, Elena. "Biological aspects of the genus Myricaria Desv. (Tamaricaceae), especially of the Siberian species." BIO Web of Conferences 16 (2019): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191600018.

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Observations of the shrub Myricaria (Tamaricaceae) in the wild during expeditions and at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS (Novosibirsk) has elucidate their taxonomy, and revealed that rather than four taxa, just two are present in Siberia. Without this understanding of the phenology, the systematics of the species was much confused. The two species of Myricaria (M bracteata Royle, M. longifolia (Willd) Ehrenb.) in Siberia a are valuable plants for marginal land, urban landscaping and erosion control on river banks. Plants of the genus Myricaria are the traditional Tibet medicinal plants. At present, as a result of geological explorative and road-building works, the natural habitats of Myricaria are destroy. The features of blossoming and fructification of Myricaria Siberian species of in nature and in cultivation were studied and described for concervation of these valuable plants at the botanical gardens. As a result of the experiments, the temperature features of germination and preservation of seeds was developed.
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Barge, Laura M., Silvana S. S. Cardoso, Julyan H. E. Cartwright, Ivria J. Doloboff, Erika Flores, Elena Macías-Sánchez, C. Ignacio Sainz-Díaz, and Pablo Sobrón. "Self-assembling iron oxyhydroxide/oxide tubular structures: laboratory-grown and field examples from Rio Tinto." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2195 (November 2016): 20160466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0466.

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Rio Tinto in southern Spain has become of increasing astrobiological significance, in particular for its similarity to environments on early Mars. We present evidence of tubular structures from sampled terraces in the stream bed at the source of the river, as well as ancient, now dry, terraces. This is the first reported finding of tubular structures in this particular environment. We propose that some of these structures could be formed through self-assembly via an abiotic mechanism involving templated precipitation around a fluid jet, a similar mechanism to that commonly found in so-called chemical gardens. Laboratory experiments simulating the formation of self-assembling iron oxyhydroxide tubes via chemical garden/chemobrionic processes form similar structures. Fluid-mechanical scaling analysis demonstrates that the proposed mechanism is plausible. Although the formation of tube structures is not itself a biosignature, the iron mineral oxidation gradients across the tube walls in laboratory and field examples may yield information about energy gradients and potentially habitable environments.
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Burkhart, Karin, and Wolfgang Nentwig. "Control of Impatiens glandulifera (Balsaminaceae) by Antagonists in its Invaded Range." Invasive Plant Science and Management 1, no. 4 (October 2008): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-08-090.1.

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AbstractField and garden experiments were performed to investigate if pathogens, generalist herbivores, or a specialist herbivore (the tortricid moth Pristerognatha fuligana) have the potential to control the invasive Himalayan balsam. Impacts of generalist herbivores and pathogenic fungi were excluded by using thiacloprid and trifloxystrobin. Results show no effect of any antagonist in the field experiment, though we found a modest impact of the combined influence of generalist herbivores and pathogenic fungi in the garden experiment, i.e., under suboptimal growing conditions. Limited information from the native area (the Himalayas) suggests a strong impact of specialist herbivores, thus confirming the enemy release hypothesis. We predict that impact studies of native specialized herbivores will clearly indicate antagonists from the native area with a strong impact on Himalayan balsam in its invaded area.
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Jangandi, Sharanappa, Chaitra B. Negalur*, Mr Narayan, and H. C. Lakshman. "Synergistic effect between phosphate solubilizing bacteria and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and p uptake in Cajanus cajana L. (Pigeon pea)." International Journal of Bioassays 6, no. 01 (December 31, 2016): 5211. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2017.01.005.

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Abstract:
The influence of phosphate solubilizing bacterium (Bacillus polymyxa) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus fasciculatus) on growth and phosphorus uptake in Cajanus cajana were studied, in green house conditions. Experiments were carried out by using both sterilized and unsterilized garden soil (sandy loam). Mycorrhiza with P-solubilizing bacteria inoculated with sterilized soil produced significantly higher growth, dry matter and increase in nodule number and P uptake in shoot. Moderate or lower growth response was observed among the plants grown in unsterilized soil either PSB or AMF inoculation. On the contrary non-inoculated plants in sterilized garden soil did not showed meager growth and higher total P uptake. A synergistic effect was recorded with increased plant dry matter, nodule number and P uptake in the plants treated with both the inoculum and in sterilized soil.
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