Journal articles: 'GAPP'

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Fisher, Steven A. "Measuring The Evolution Of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 14, no. 3 (August 31, 2011): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v14i3.5708.

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<span>Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) guide financial reporting. Although numerous opinions and standards have been issued over the past 45 years, there is little quantitative evidence concerning the degree of change in GAAP. The purpose of this study is to generate a quantitative understanding of the degree of evolution in GAAP since Accounting Research Bulletin (ARB) 43. The results indicate that significant changes are occurring in GAAP. Less than 50% of the GAPP issued in the 1950s and in the 1960s remains in effect today. Furthermore, significant changes have occurred in GAAP issued within just the past 20 years. The primary implication is that GAPP is continually being reviewed and revised in response to investors and creditors changing information needs.</span>

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Awad, Muhammed, Timothy J. Barnes, Nicky Thomas, Paul Joyce, and Clive A. Prestidge. "Gallium Protoporphyrin Liquid Crystalline Lipid Nanoparticles: A Third-Generation Photosensitizer against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 10 (October 6, 2022): 2124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102124.

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The looming antimicrobial resistance pandemic has encouraged the investigation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as a promising technology to combat recalcitrant bacterial infections caused by antibiotic resistant strains. Here, we report on the optimization and effective application of gallium protoporphyrin liquid crystalline lipid nanoparticles (GaPP-LCNP) as a photosensitizer for aPDT against the Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa in both planktonic and biofilm modes of growth. LCNP significantly enhanced the performance of GaPP as photosensitizer by two-fold, which was correlated with higher antibacterial activity, reducing the viability of planktonic P. aeruginosa by 7 log10 using 0.8 µM GaPP-LCNP and a light dose of 17 J.cm–2. Importantly, GaPP-LCNP also reduced the viability of biofilms by 6 log10 at relatively low light dose of 34.2 J.cm-2 using only 3 µM GaPP-LCNP. The high antibiofilm activity of GaPP-LCNP at low GaPP-LCNP dose indicated the high efficiency and safety profile of GaPP-LCNP as a promising platform for photodynamic inactivation of recalcitrant infections.

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Awad, Muhammed, Zlatko Kopecki, Timothy J. Barnes, Anthony Wignall, Paul Joyce, Nicky Thomas, and Clive A. Prestidge. "Lipid Liquid Crystal Nanoparticles: Promising Photosensitizer Carriers for the Treatment of Infected Cutaneous Wounds." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020305.

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Cutaneous chronic wounds impose a silent pandemic that affects the lives of millions worldwide. The delayed healing process is usually complicated by opportunistic bacteria that infect wounds. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent bacteria in infected cutaneous wounds, with the ability to form antibiotic-resistant biofilms. Recently, we have demonstrated the potential of gallium protoporphyrin lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles (GaPP-LCNP) as a photosensitizer against S. aureus biofilms in vitro. Herein, we investigate the potential of GaPP-LCNP using a pre-clinical model of infected cutaneous wounds. GaPP-LCNP showed superior antibacterial activity compared to unformulated GaPP, reducing biofilm bacterial viability by 5.5 log10 compared to 2.5 log10 in an ex vivo model, and reducing bacterial viability by 1 log10 in vivo, while unformulated GaPP failed to reduce bacterial burden. Furthermore, GaPP-LCNP significantly promoted wound healing through reduction in the bacterial burden and improved early collagen deposition. These findings pave the way for future pre-clinical investigation and treatment optimizations to translate GaPP-LCNP towards clinical application.

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Ahmad, F., S. Yadav, and S. Taneja. "Determining stability of proteins from guanidinium chloride transition curves." Biochemical Journal 287, no. 2 (October 15, 1992): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2870481.

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The guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) denaturation of RNAase A, lysozyme and metmyoglobin was investigated at several pH values by using absorbance measurements at 287, 300 and 409 nm respectively. From these measurements the free-energy change on denaturation, delta Gapp., was calculated, assuming a two-state mechanism, and values of delta Gapp. at zero concentration of the denaturant were measured. For each protein all delta Gapp. values were adjusted to pH 7.00 by using the appropriate relationship between delta Gapp. and pH. Dependence of the adjusted delta Gapp. value on GdmCl concentration increases for metmyoglobin and decreases for the other two proteins as the denaturant concentration decreases. It has been shown that these are expected results if the presence of the acid-denatured state during the GdmCl denaturation of proteins is considered.

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Wachtel, Heather, Troy Hutchens, Ezra Baraban, Lauren E. Schwartz, Kathleen Montone, Zubair Baloch, Virginia LiVolsi, et al. "Predicting Metastatic Potential in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: A Comparison of PASS and GAPP Scoring Systems." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 12 (September 2, 2020): e4661-e4670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa608.

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Abstract Purpose The Pheochromocytoma of the Adrenal Gland Scaled Score (PASS) and the Grading System for Adrenal Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (GAPP) are scoring systems to predict metastatic potential in pheochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGLs). The goal of this study is to assess PASS and GAPP as metastatic predictors and to correlate with survival outcomes. Methods The cohort included PCC/PGL with ≥5 years of follow-up or known metastases. Surgical pathology slides were rereviewed. PASS and GAPP scores were assigned. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazards were performed to assess recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results From 143 subjects, 106 tumors were PCC and 37 were PGL. Metastases developed in 24%. The median PASS score was 6.5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.0-8.0) and median GAPP score was 3.0 (IQR: 2.0-4.0). Interrater reliability was low–moderate for PASS (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.6082) and good for GAPP (ICC 0.7921). Older age (OR: 0.969, P = .0170) was associated with longer RFS. SDHB germline pathogenic variant (OR: 8.205, P = .0049), extra-adrenal tumor (OR: 6.357, P < .0001), Ki-67 index 1% to 3% (OR: 4.810, P = .0477), and higher GAPP score (OR: 1.537, P = .0047) were associated with shorter RFS. PASS score was not associated with RFS (P = .1779). On Cox regression, a GAPP score in the moderately differentiated range was significantly associated with disease recurrence (HR: 3.367, P = .0184) compared with well-differentiated score. Conclusion Higher GAPP scores were associated with aggressive PCC/PGL. PASS score was not associated with metastases and demonstrated significant interobserver variability. Scoring systems for predicting metastatic PCC/PGL may be improved by incorporation of histopathology, clinical data, and germline and somatic tumor markers.

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Kimura, Noriko, Ryoichi Takayanagi, Nae Takizawa, Eiji Itagaki, Takayuki Katabami, Narihiko Kakoi, Hiromi Rakugi, et al. "Pathological grading for predicting metastasis in phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma." Endocrine-Related Cancer 21, no. 3 (February 12, 2014): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-13-0494.

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Phaeochromocytomas (PHEO) and paragangliomas are rare catecholamine-producing tumours. Although 10–30% of these tumours metastasise, histopathological criteria to discriminate malignant from benign tumours have not been established; therefore, reliable histopathological markers predicting metastasis are urgently required. A total of 163 tumours, including 40 metastatic tumours, collected by the Phaeochromocytoma Study Group in Japan (PHEO-J) were analysed using a system called grading system for adrenal phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (GAPP). The tumours were scored based on GAPP criteria as follows: histological pattern, cellularity, comedo-type necrosis, capsular/vascular invasion, Ki67 labelling index and catecholamine type. All tumours were scored from 0 to 10 points and were graded as one of the three types: well-differentiated (WD, 0–2 points), moderately differentiated (MD, 3–6 points) and poorly differentiated (PD, 7–10 points). GAPP scores of the non-metastatic and metastatic groups were 2.08±0.17 and 5.33±0.43 (mean±s.e.m., P<0.001) respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between the GAPP score and the interval until metastasis (r=−0.438, P<0.01). The mean number of years until metastasis after the initial operation was 5.5±2.6 years. The study included 111 WD, 35 MD and 17 PD types. The five-year survival of these groups was 100, 66.8 and 22.4% respectively. In addition, negative immunoreactivity for succinate dehydrogenase gene subunit B (SDHB) was observed in 13 (8%) MD or PD tumours and ten of the 13 (77%) had metastases. Our data indicate that a combination of GAPP classification and SDHB immunohistochemistry might be useful for the prediction of metastasis in these tumours.

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Hidalgo-Ternero, Carlos Manuel, and Gloria Corpas Pastor. "Bridging the “gApp”: improving neural machine translation systems for multiword expression detection." Yearbook of Phraseology 11, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2020-0005.

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AbstractThe present research introduces the tool gApp, a Python-based text preprocessing system for the automatic identification and conversion of discontinuous multiword expressions (MWEs) into their continuous form in order to enhance neural machine translation (NMT). To this end, an experiment with semi-fixed verb–noun idiomatic combinations (VNICs) will be carried out in order to evaluate to what extent gApp can optimise the performance of the two main free open-source NMT systems —Google Translate and DeepL— under the challenge of MWE discontinuity in the Spanish into English directionality. In the light of our promising results, the study concludes with suggestions on how to further optimise MWE-aware NMT systems.

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Stenman, Adam, Jan Zedenius, and Carl Juhlin. "The Value of Histological Algorithms to Predict the Malignancy Potential of Pheochromocytomas and Abdominal Paragangliomas—A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature." Cancers 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11020225.

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Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and abdominal paragangliomas (PGLs), collectively abbreviated PPGLs, are neuroendocrine tumors of the adrenal medulla and paraganglia, respectively. These tumors exhibit malignant potential but seldom display evidence of metastatic spread, the latter being the only widely accepted evidence of malignancy. To counter this, pre-defined histological algorithms have been suggested to stratify the risk of malignancy: Pheochromocytoma of the Adrenal Gland Scaled Score (PASS) and the Grading system for Adrenal Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (GAPP). The PASS algorithm was originally intended for PCCs whereas the GAPP model is proposed for stratification of both PCCs and PGLs. In parallel, advances in terms of coupling overtly malignant PPGLs to the underlying molecular genetics have been made, but there is yet no combined risk stratification model based on histology and the overall mutational profile of the tumor. In this review, we systematically meta-analyzed previously reported cohorts using the PASS and GAPP algorithms and acknowledge a “rule-out” way of approaching these stratification models rather than a classical “rule-in” strategy. Moreover, the current genetic panorama regarding possible molecular adjunct markers for PPGL malignancy is reviewed. A combined histological and genetic approach will be needed to fully elucidate the malignant potential of these tumors.

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Gustavo Duran Miron, Rhuan, Isabela Martins Peruque, Bruna De Souza Goulart, Ester Teixeira Santos, Mariane Magro Marcelino Soares, Tainá Oliveira Lopes, Flávio Danilo Mungo Pissulin, Robson Augusto Siscoutto, Juliana Souza Uzeloto, and Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire. "EFEITOS DA UTILIZAÇÃO DE UM APLICATIVO DE CELULAR EM PARTICIPANTES DE UM PROGRAMA ESPECIALIZADO EM CESSAÇÃO TABAGISTICA: ESTUDO CLÍNICO RANDOMIZADO." Colloquium Vitae 12, no. 3 (September 17, 2020): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/cv.2020.v12.n3.v308.

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The goal of the study was to analyze the effects of using a cell cessation application and the satisfaction of participants in a specialized program. Randomized clinical study in which participates in study 25, a specialized smoking cessation program for a period of 12 weeks. No significant differences were detected in the cessation rate (p = 0.1317) and returned (p = 1,000). The intensity of the abstinence syndrome and absolute variation (delta) identified a reduced reduction only for the GApp (p = 0.0165), when comparing the delta between unidentified groups with statistically significant differences (p = 0.1066). In the general satisfaction questionnaire, the participants reported the ease in the aspects analyzed. There were no significant differences for GApp and GC (p> 0.05). Conclude if the cell phone application did not influence smoking cessation, withdrawal syndrome and smokers' satisfaction when used in participants in a specialized program.

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Thierauf, Thomas, Seinosuke Toda, and Osamu Watanabe. "On closure properties of GapP." Computational Complexity 4, no. 3 (September 1994): 242–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01206638.

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KOSUB, SVEN, HEINZ SCHMITZ, and HERIBERT VOLLMER. "UNIFORM CHARACTERIZATIONS OF COMPLEXITY CLASSES OF FUNCTIONS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 11, no. 04 (December 2000): 525–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054100000326.

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We introduce a general framework for the definition of function classes. Our model, which is based on nondeterministic polynomial-time Turing transducers, allows uniform characterizations of FP, FP NP , FP NP [O ( log n)], [Formula: see text], counting classes (#·P, #·NP, #·coNP, GapP, GapP NP ), optimization classes (max·P, min·P, max·NP, min·NP), promise classes (NPSV, # few · P , c #· P ), multivalued classes (FewFP, NPMV), and many more. Each such class is defined in our model by a scheme how to evaluate computation trees of nondeterministic machines. We study a reducibility notion between such evaluation schemes, which leads to a necessary and sufficient criterion for relativizable inclusion between function classes. As it turns out, this criterion is easily applicable and we get as a consequence, e.g., that there is an oracle A, such that min · P A⊈#· NP A (note that no structural consequences are known to follow from the corresponding positive inclusion).

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DE BELLIS, Maurizia. "Global Standards for Sovereign Wealth Funds: The Quest for Transparency." Asian Journal of International Law 1, no. 2 (November 11, 2010): 349–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2044251310000123.

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Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) are currently under increased scrutiny. This article aims at identifying the features and likely impact of the Generally Accepted Principles and Practices (GAPP), using two lenses, both well known to legal scholars, especially within global administrative law (GAL) studies: global standards and transparency. On the one hand, contrasting the GAPP with other types of global financial standards can help identify the most powerful incentives to foster compliance. On the other hand, even though the transparency provisions requesting SWFs to provide public information concerning their legal basis, structure, and financing decisions appear to be a step in the right direction, they need further clarification so that a proper balance between disclosure and the need to avoid unnecessary costs can be struck. Moreover, this article claims that the effectiveness of disclosure provisions in fostering the accountability of the funds depends also on the existence of structural elements.

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Prakash, Yedatore S., Mark J. Cody, James D. Hannon, Philippe R. Housmans, and Gary C. Sieck. "Comparison of Volatile Anesthetic Effects on Actin–Myosin Cross-bridge Cycling in Neonatal versus Adult Cardiac Muscle." Anesthesiology 92, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200004000-00030.

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Background The neonatal myocardium is more sensitive to volatile anesthetics compared with adults. The greater myocardial sensitivity of neonates may be attributable to greater anesthetic effect on force regulation at the level of the cross-bridge. In the current study, the authors compared the effects of 1 and 2 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) halothane and sevoflurane on cardiac muscle from 0- to 3-day-old (neonate) and 84-day-old (adult) rats. Methods Triton X-100-skinned muscle strips were maximally activated at pCa (negative logarithm of the Ca2+ concentration) of 4.0, and the following were measured in the presence or absence of anesthetic: Rate of force redevelopment after rapid shortening and restretching (ktr) and isometric stiffness at maximal activation and in rigor. The fraction of attached cross-bridges (alphafs) and apparent rate constants for cross-bridge attachment (fapp) and detachment (gapp) were calculated assuming a two-state model for cross-bridge cycling. Anesthetic-induced changes in the mean stiffness per cross-bridge were also estimated from values in rigor versus maximum activation in the presence or absence of anesthetic. Results Neonatal cardiac muscle displayed significantly smaller alphafs slower ktr and slower fapp compared with adult cardiac muscle; however, gapp was not significantly different. Halothane, and sevoflurane to a significantly lesser extent, decreased alphafs, fapp, and the mean force per cross-bridge and increased gapp to a greater extent in neonates. Conclusions These data indicate that weaker force production in neonatal cardiac muscle involves, at least in part, less efficient cross-bridge cycling kinetics. The authors conclude that the greater myocardial sensitivity of neonates to volatile anesthetics reflects, at least in part, a direct inhibition of cross-bridge cycling, especially the rates of cross-bridge attachment and detachment.

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Gouthier, Daniele, Federica Manzoli, and Donato Ramani. "Scientific careers and gender differences. A qualitative study." Journal of Science Communication 07, no. 01 (March 21, 2008): L01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.07010101.

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In Europe, much effort has been devoted to explore the causes of the decline in number of university matriculations of science students and to identify gender differences in career choice. Yet, the problem extends to the fulfillment of career plans: given their professional expectations and their attitudes when choosing a career, girls are much less likely to pursue scientific careers such as engineering or physics. Evidence of this is provided by the social research carried out within the framework of the GAPP project (Gender Awareness Participation Process). The Gapp project is intended to investigate differences between girls and boys in their perception of science careers and to propose a range of innovative and concrete participatory activities involving scientists, engineers and professionals from the public and private S&T sectors. In this letter, we report a synthesis of the results of the social research conducted as first step of the project: exploring how the perceptions of science professions affect interest, motivation and subject choice at school, at the university and consequently in their career.

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Haeberle, Joe R., and Mark E. Hemric. "A model for the coregulation of smooth muscle actomyosin by caldesmon, calponin, tropomyosin, and the myosin regulatory light chain." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 1400–1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-202.

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The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the effects of the actin-binding proteins tropomyosin, caldesmon, and calponin on the activation of smooth muscle actomyosin by phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin (LC20), and to interpret these findings in the context of a two-state kinetic model for the cross-bridge cycle. An in vitro motility assay was used to broadly classify each regulatory protein according to whether it modulates the apparent on-rate for cross bridges (fapp) or the apparent off-rate (gapp). In addition to measuring actin-filament velocity, a method was developed to measure relative changes in the force exerted on actin filaments under isometric conditions. Based primarily on the results of these motility studies, a qualitative model is proposed in which LC20 phosphorylation, tropomyosin, and caldesmon all regulate fapp and calponin regulates gapp. The model predicts that the sensitivity of activation by LC20 phosphorylation is determined by tropomyosin, caldesmon, and calponin, whereas unloaded shortening velocity is regulated primarily by calponin.Key words: smooth muscle, caldesmon, calponin, tropomyosin, motility assay.

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Eisenhofer, Graeme, and Arthur S. Tischler. "Closing the GAPP on predicting metastases." Nature Reviews Endocrinology 10, no. 6 (April 1, 2014): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2014.41.

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Laperrière, Luc, and Hoda A. ElMaraghy. "GAPP: A generative assembly process planner." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 15, no. 4 (January 1996): 282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6125(96)84553-5.

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Kimura, Noriko, Kazuhiro Takekoshi, and Mitsuhide Naruse. "Risk Stratification on Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma from Laboratory and Clinical Medicine." Journal of Clinical Medicine 7, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm7090242.

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Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and sympathetic paraganglioma (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors characterized by catecholamine production in the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia. PCC and PGL (PPGL) with metastasis was termed malignant PPGL. However, the distinction between “benign” and “malignant” PPGLs has been debated. Currently, all PPGLs are believed to have some metastatic potential and are assigned malignant tumors (ICD-O/3) by the WHO Classification of Endocrine Organs (2017, 4th edition). Therefore, the previous categories benign and malignant PPGL have been eliminated in favor of risk stratification approach. The Grading of Adrenal Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (GAPP) is a tool for risk stratification for predicting metastasis and the prognosis of patients. At least 30% of PPGLs are hereditary, with 20 genes identified and genotype-phenotype correlations clarified. Of these genes, VHL, RET and NF1 have been well investigated and are the primary cause of bilateral PCC. In addition, mutation of succinate dehydrogenase gene subunits SDHB and SDHD are strongly correlated with extra-adrenal location, younger age, multiple tumors, metastasis and poor prognosis. Disease stratification by catecholamine phenotype and molecular profiling correlates with histological grading by GAPP. PPGLs should be understood comprehensively based on clinical, biochemical, molecular and pathological data for patient care. A flow chart for pathological diagnosis is included.

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Morozova, A. M., O. G. Tsygankova, E. V. Yurova, N. A. Torokhtiy, K. V. Stegniy, T. A. Kulakova, R. A. Goncharuk, and M. O. Dmitriev. "Clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics of pheochromocytomas." Endocrine Surgery 15, no. 4 (December 14, 2022): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/serg12759.

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BACKGROUND. Currently, pheochromocytomas are classified as malignant tumors (WHO 2017), which means that special postoperative tactics are required for patients with different risks of pheochromocytoma aggressiveness.AIM. Assess the predictors of malignant potential of pheochromocytomas using the GAPP and PASS scales.MATERIALS AND METHODS. From 2016 to 2021, 24 patients diagnosed with pheochromocytoma, age from 18 to 81 years (median 50.4+-3.3), were hospitalized at the Primorsky Regional Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, 21 of them were women and 3 were men. Hormone producing adenoma in the right adrenal gland was found in 13 patients (54.2%), on the left in 8 (33.3%) cases, bilateral pheochromocytoma — in 3 (12.5%) cases. Clinical manifestation: a sharp increase in systolic blood pressure of more than 200 mmHg accompanied by crises, tachycardia was detected in 14 patients, the rest of the clinical symptoms were nonspecific: persistent arterial hypertension, as well as general weakness. The sizes of the revealed formations varied from — 1.1x1.6x1.6 cm to — 7.7x10.6x8.5 cm. (median 37+-1.2). The diagnosis was confirmed by standard examinations. All patients underwent unilateral adrenalectomy at the Surgery Center of the FEFU Medical Center, using two main methods: retroperitoneoscopy and laparoscopy. After the operation, histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed. The analysis of immunohistochemical studies was carried out. The expression of Ki67, Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin was determined. Since it is currently impossible to absolutely accurately determine the malignant potential of pheochromocytomas, the PASS and GAPP scores have been introduced into clinical practice. A retrospective analysis of the cytological material of patients operated on in 2020 and 2021 was carried out.RESULTS. According to the PASS scale, more than 4 points were detected in 7 out of 10 patients. GAPP scores ranged from 0 to 2 in 3 out of 10 people; 3-6 points for 5; more than 7 points in 2 patients. At the same time, the results of the calculation on both scales in 100% of cases correspond to each other, which makes it possible to identify patients with moderate and high malignant potential.CONCLUSION. The results obtained confirm the need to use additional tools in clinical practice to determine the prognosis in a particular patient, which means it will allow developing an algorithm for dispensary observation, the timing of the follow-up examination.

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Locher, Matthew R., Maria V. Razumova, Julian E. Stelzer, Holly S. Norman, and Richard L. Moss. "Effects of low-level α-myosin heavy chain expression on contractile kinetics in porcine myocardium." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 300, no. 3 (March 2011): H869—H878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00452.2010.

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Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms are principal determinants of work capacity in mammalian ventricular myocardium. The ventricles of large mammals including humans normally express ∼10% α-MHC on a predominantly β-MHC background, while in failing human ventricles α-MHC is virtually eliminated, suggesting that low-level α-MHC expression in normal myocardium can accelerate the kinetics of contraction and augment systolic function. To test this hypothesis in a model similar to human myocardium we determined composite rate constants of cross-bridge attachment ( fapp) and detachment ( gapp) in porcine myocardium expressing either 100% α-MHC or 100% β-MHC in order to predict the MHC isoform-specific effect on twitch kinetics. Right atrial (∼100% α-MHC) and left ventricular (∼100% β-MHC) tissue was used to measure myosin ATPase activity, isometric force, and the rate constant of force redevelopment ( ktr) in solutions of varying Ca2+ concentration. The rate of ATP utilization and ktr were approximately ninefold higher in atrial compared with ventricular myocardium, while tension cost was approximately eightfold greater in atrial myocardium. From these values, we calculated fapp to be ∼10-fold higher in α- compared with β-MHC, while gapp was 8-fold higher in α-MHC. Mathematical modeling of an isometric twitch using these rate constants predicts that the expression of 10% α-MHC increases the maximal rate of rise of force (dF/d tmax) by 92% compared with 0% α-MHC. These results suggest that low-level expression of α-MHC significantly accelerates myocardial twitch kinetics, thereby enhancing systolic function in large mammalian myocardium.

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Locher, Matthew R., Maria V. Razumova, Julian E. Stelzer, Holly S. Norman, Jitandrakumar R. Patel, and Richard L. Moss. "Determination of rate constants for turnover of myosin isoforms in rat myocardium: implications for in vivo contractile kinetics." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 297, no. 1 (July 2009): H247—H256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00922.2008.

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The ventricles of small mammals express mostly α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC), a fast isoform, whereas the ventricles of large mammals, including humans, express ∼10% α-MHC on a predominately β-MHC (slow isoform) background. In failing human ventricles, the amount of α-MHC is dramatically reduced, leading to the hypothesis that even small amounts of α-MHC on a predominately β-MHC background confer significantly higher rates of force development in healthy ventricles. To test this hypothesis, it is necessary to determine the fundamental rate constants of cross-bridge attachment ( fapp) and detachment ( gapp) for myosins composed of 100% α-MHC or β-MHC, which can then be used to calculate twitch time courses for muscles expressing variable ratios of MHC isoforms. In the present study, rat skinned trabeculae expressing either 100% α-MHC or 100% β-MHC were used to measure ATPase activity, isometric force, and the rate constant of force redevelopment ( ktr) in solutions of varying Ca2+ concentrations. The rate of ATP utilization was ∼2.5-fold higher in preparations expressing 100% α-MHC compared with those expressing only β-MHC, whereas ktr was 2-fold faster in the α-MHC myocardium. From these variables, we calculated fapp to be approximately threefold higher for α-MHC than β-MHC and gapp to be twofold higher in α-MHC. Mathematical modeling of isometric twitches predicted that small increases in α-MHC significantly increased the rate of force development. These results suggest that low-level expression of α-MHC has significant effects on contraction kinetics.

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Selwyn, Tom. "Chasing Myths: The GAPP Conference on Anthropology of Tourism." Tourism Recreation Research 14, no. 1 (January 1989): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508281.1989.11014543.

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Wong, W. F., and K. T. Lua. "A preliminary evaluation of a massively parallel processor: GAPP." Microprocessing and Microprogramming 29, no. 1 (July 1990): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6074(90)90011-w.

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Navaux, Philippe O. A., César A. F. De Rose, and Gerson G. H. Cavalheiro. "Performance evaluation in image processing with GAPP array processor." Microprocessing and Microprogramming 41, no. 1 (April 1995): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6074(94)00088-r.

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Heileman, Gregory L., George M. Papadourakis, and Michael Georgiopoulos. "A Neural Net Associative Memory for Real-Time Applications." Neural Computation 2, no. 1 (March 1990): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1990.2.1.107.

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A parallel hardware implementation of the associative memory neural network introduced by Hopfield is described. The design utilizes the Geometric Arithmetic Parallel Processor (GAPP), a commercially available single-chip VLSI general-purpose array processor consisting of 72 processing elements. The ability to cascade these chips allows large arrays of processors to be easily constructed and used to implement the Hopfield network. The memory requirements and processing times of such arrays are analyzed based on the number of nodes in the network and the number of exemplar patterns. Compared with other digital implementations, this design yields significant improvements in runtime performance and offers the capability of using large neural network associative memories in real-time applications.

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Shim, Eunsup "Daniel", and Joseph M. Larkin. "Towards Relevancy In Financial Reporting: Mark-To-Market Accounting." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2011): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v14i2.5713.

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<span>The objectives of this paper are to: discuss the relevancy vs. reliability of current financial reporting practices, survey the literature that describes the impact of mark-to-market accounting, and critically examine current CAAP financial statements by comparing them to market value financial statements. With theoretical discussions and a case study, this paper shows that the mark-to-market accounting could present better about the economic reality of transactions, and therefore, tends to provide more useful and relevant information than does historical cost financial reporting. This study suggests that if the object of financial reporting is to provide useful information to the users, existing GAPP financial reporting requirements need to be substantially changed in the direction of market value financial reporting.</span>

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Purves, Joanne, Alan Cockayne, Peter C. E. Moody, and Julie A. Morrissey. "Comparison of the Regulation, Metabolic Functions, and Roles in Virulence of the Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Homologues gapA and gapB in Staphylococcus aureus." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 12 (September 27, 2010): 5223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00762-10.

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ABSTRACT The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus contains two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) homologues known as GapA and GapB. GapA has been characterized as a functional GAPDH protein, but currently there is no biological evidence for the role of GapB in metabolism in S. aureus. In this study we show through a number of complementary methods that S. aureus GapA is essential for glycolysis while GapB is essential in gluconeogenesis. These proteins are reciprocally regulated in response to glucose concentrations, and both are influenced by the glycolysis regulator protein GapR, which is the first demonstration of the role of this regulator in S. aureus and the first indication that GapR homologues control genes other than those within the glycolytic operon. Furthermore, we show that both GapA and GapB are important in the pathogenesis of S. aureus in a Galleria mellonella model of infection, showing for the first time in any bacteria that both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis have important roles in virulence.

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Bharadwaj, H., and A. Khan. "Synchronous bilateral pheochromocytomas and extra-adrenal paragangliomas without specific gene mutations." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 156, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): S51—S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.105.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective Diagnosis of hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome (H-PGL/PCC-S) should be suspected in individuals with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma, especially those with multifocal lesions, positive family history, or early-onset disease. Recent studies suggest one-third to half of these patients have germline/syndromic associations. We present a challenging case wherein a 44-year-old female with high-risk factors, multiple paragangliomas, and bilateral pheochromocytomas did not have any identifiable syndromic involvement. Methods/Case Report Patient presented seven years ago with epigastric pain, weight loss of 50lbs, and chronic diarrhea. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed 2cm hypoechoic mass behind pancreas, diagnosed as neuroendocrine tumor on fine-needle aspiration. Subsequent SPECT-CT and MRI revealed multiple intra-abdominal lesions, including bilateral adrenal-lesions (right 2cm; left 1.6cm), 2.2cm aortocaval-lesion, and multifocal retroperitoneal lesions, consistent with paragangliomas, gradually increasing in size on follow-up imaging. She also developed intermittent palpitations, flushing, and blood pressure fluctuations. Additionally, multiple thyroid nodules were identified on subsequent ultrasound imaging, suspicious for malignancy on both cytology and Afirma studies. Exploratory laparotomy with left para-adrenal, right infra-renal, and aortocaval nodule-excisions revealed nested tumor cells with abundant granular purple cytoplasm, round central nuclei, prominent nucleoli, diagnosed as moderate to poorly differentiated extra-adrenal paragangliomas with increased metastatic risk based on PASS and GAPP-scoring systems. Additionally, right adrenalectomy revealed pheochromocytoma with 7/20 PASS-score and 4/10 GAPP-score suggesting increased metastatic risk. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion Young age, strong family-history, multiple high-grade paragangliomas, pheochromocytomas, and suspicious thyroid nodules raise concerns for syndromic association. Multitude of autosomal-dominant syndromes, including paraganglioma-syndromes (PGL1-to PGL5), VHL, MEN2A, MEN2B, and NF1, have been reported. Genes identified in these syndromes include SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, MAX, TMEM127, VHL, NF1, RET, FH, and KIF1B. However, no mutations were identified, thus creating a dilemma in risk-stratification. This leaves out only two considerations: either sporadic PGL/PCC or a yet unidentified genetic-mutation.

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Burke, Jennifer K., and Michael K. Legutke. ""Kleinstadtgespräche": A Project on Intercultural Learning and Understanding through GAPP Exchange." Die Unterrichtspraxis / Teaching German 25, no. 1 (1992): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3531415.

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Dearborn, Virginia E., and Kenneth W. Henke. "Aspiring Vision and Attention to Detail: Kenneth Sperber Gapp (1905-1966)." Theological Librarianship 8, no. 2 (August 21, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.31046/tl.v8i2.396.

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O’Regan, Brian, and Daniel T. Schwartz. "Efficient dye‐sensitized charge separation in a wide‐band‐gapp‐nheterojunction." Journal of Applied Physics 80, no. 8 (October 15, 1996): 4749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363412.

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Morimae, Tomoyuki, and Harumichi Nishimura. "Quantum interpretations of AWPP and APP." Quantum Information and Computation 16, no. 5&6 (April 2016): 498–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic16.5-6-6.

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AWPP is a complexity class introduced by Fenner, Fortnow, Kurtz, and Li, which is defined using GapP functions. Although it is an important class as the best upperbound of BQP, its definition seems to be somehow artificial, and therefore it would be better if we have some “physical interpretation” of AWPP. Here we provide a quantum physical interpretation of AWPP: we show that AWPP is equal to the class of problems efficiently solved by a quantum computer with the ability of postselecting an event whose probability is close to an FP function. This result is applied to also obtain a quantum physical interpretation of APP. In addition, we consider a “classical physical analogue” of these results, and show that a restricted version of BPPpath contains UP ∩ coUP and is contained in WAPP.

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Charalambides, P. G., P. A. Mataga, R. M. McMeeking, and A. G. Evans. "Steady-State Mechanics of a Growing Crack Paralleling an Elastically Constrained Thin Ductile Layer." Applied Mechanics Reviews 43, no. 5S (May 1, 1990): S267—S270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3120824.

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The steady-state near tip mechanics of brittle cracks growing under mixed mode conditions parallel and at close proximity to a thin ductile layer in a sandwich specimen morphology are examined. The plastic dissipation in the elastically constrained ductile layer is determined analytically through an approximate method and numerically via rigorous finite element calculations. Sensitivity studies regarding the effects of plasticity, layer thickness and crack location are presented. Thus, crack shielding characteristics are addressed and relationships between the remote (Gapp) and near tip (Gtip) energy release rates are established. The associated crack tip phase angle ψtip is extracted numerically via the method of finite elements. The above analysis is used to interpret experimental data for a sapphire/gold/sapphire system obtained using the plane strain four-point flexure model specimen geometry.

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Gibson, Libby A., Monica Dang, Jenny Strong, and Asad Khan. "Test-Retest Reliability of the GAPP Functional Capacity Evaluation in Healthy Adults." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 77, no. 1 (February 2010): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2182/cjot.2010.77.1.6.

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Hildenbrand, D., S. Franchini, A. Gentile, G. Vassallo, and S. Vitabile. "GAPPCO: An Easy to Configure Geometric Algebra Coprocessor Based on GAPP Programs." Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras 27, no. 3 (January 13, 2017): 2115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00006-016-0755-x.

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RANDAZZO, Paul A. "Resolution of two ADP-ribosylation factor 1 GTPase-activating proteins from rat liver." Biochemical Journal 324, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3240413.

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ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) is a 21 kDa GTP-binding protein that regulates multiple steps in membrane traffic. Here, two ARF1 GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) from rat liver were resolved. The GAPs were antigenically distinct. One reacted with a polyclonal antibody raised against the GAP catalytic peptide previously purified by Makler et al. [Makler, Cukierman, Rotman, Admon and Cassel (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 5232–5237], and here is referred to as GAP1. The other GAP (GAP2) did not react with the antibody. These GAPs differed in phospholipid dependencies. GAP1 was activated 3–7-fold by the acid phospholipids phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylserine (PS). In contrast, GAP2 was stimulated 20–40-fold by PIP2. PA and PS had no effect by themselves but PA increased GAP2 activity in the presence of PIP2. The GAPs were otherwise similar in activity. In the presence of phosphoinositides, the Km of GAP1 for ARF1–GTP was estimated to be 8.1±1.6 μM and the dissociation constant for ARF1–guanosine 5′,3-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTP[S]) was 7.4±2.2 μM. GAP2 was similar with a Km for ARF1–GTP of 5.4±1.2 μM and a dissociation constant for ARF1–GTP[S] of 4.8±0.3 μM. Similarly, no differences were found in substrate preferences. Both GAP1 and GAP2 used ARF1 and ARF5 as substrates but not ARF6 or ARF-like protein-2. The potential role of multiple ARF GAPs in the independent regulation of ARF at specific steps in membrane traffic is discussed.

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Richter, Katharina, Mahnaz Ramezanpour, Nicky Thomas, Clive A. Prestidge, Peter-John Wormald, and Sarah Vreugde. "Mind “De GaPP”: in vitro efficacy of deferiprone and gallium-protoporphyrin againstStaphylococcus aureusbiofilms." International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology 6, no. 7 (February 25, 2016): 737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alr.21735.

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Mehrpouya, Afshin. "Instituting a transnational accountability regime: The case of Sovereign Wealth Funds and “GAPP”." Accounting, Organizations and Society 44 (July 2015): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2015.05.001.

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Donnell, Christopher C., Luke R. Thomas, and Jennifer I. Foley. "Mind the 'GAPP': a pre-graduation assessment of preparedness for practice amid a pandemic." British Dental Journal 232, no. 8 (April 22, 2022): 556–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-022-4154-5.

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Ray, M. S., A. M. Milston, P. W. Doherty, and S. Crean. "The development and piloting of the graduate assessment of preparedness for practice (GAPP) questionnaire." British Dental Journal 221, no. 6 (September 2016): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.685.

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Canonica, G. W., C. E. Baena-Cagnani, M. S. Blaiss, R. Dahl, M. A. Kaliner, and E. J. Valovirta. "Unmet needs in asthma: Global Asthma Physician and Patient (GAPP) Survey: global adult findings." Allergy 62, no. 6 (June 2007): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01352.x.

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Choi, Seoung-ryoung, Bradley E. Britigan, and Prabagaran Narayanasamy. "Iron/Heme Metabolism-Targeted Gallium(III) Nanoparticles Are Active against Extracellular and Intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 63, no. 4 (February 19, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02643-18.

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ABSTRACT Iron/heme acquisition systems are critical for microorganisms to acquire iron from the human host, where iron sources are limited due to the nutritional immune system and insolubility of the ferric form of iron. Prior work has shown that a variety of gallium compounds can interfere with bacterial iron acquisition. This study explored the intra- and extracellular antimicrobial activities of gallium protoporphyrin (GaPP), gallium mesoporphyrin (GaMP), and nanoparticles encapsulating GaPP or GaMP against the Gram-negative pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, including clinical isolates. All P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii isolates were susceptible to GaPP and GaMP, with MICs ranging from 0.5 to ∼32 μg/ml in iron-depleted medium. Significant intra- and extracellular growth inhibition was observed against P. aeruginosa cultured in macrophages at a gallium concentration of 3.3 μg/ml (5 μM) of all Ga(III) compounds, including nanoparticles. Nanoparticle formulations showed prolonged activity against both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii in previously infected macrophages. When the macrophages were loaded with the nanoparticles 3 days prior to infection, there was a 5-fold decrease in growth of P. aeruginosa in the presence of single emulsion F127 copolymer nanoparticles encapsulating GaMP (eFGaMP). In addition, all Ga(III) porphyrins and nanoparticles showed significant intracellular and antibiofilm activity against both pathogens, with the nanoparticles exhibiting intracellular activity for 3 days. Ga nanoparticles also increased the survival rate of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes infected by P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Our results demonstrate that Ga nanoparticles have prolonged in vitro and in vivo activities against both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, including disruption of their biofilms.

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Richter, Katharina, Nicky Thomas, Jolien Claeys, Jonathan McGuane, Clive A. Prestidge, Tom Coenye, Peter-John Wormald, and Sarah Vreugde. "A Topical Hydrogel with Deferiprone and Gallium-Protoporphyrin Targets Bacterial Iron Metabolism and Has Antibiofilm Activity." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 61, no. 6 (April 10, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00481-17.

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ABSTRACT Many infectious diseases are associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria residing in biofilms that require high antibiotic concentrations. While oral drug delivery is frequently ineffective, topical treatments have the potential to deliver higher drug concentrations to the infection site while reducing systemic side effects. This study determined the antibiofilm activity of a surgical wound gel loaded with the iron chelator deferiprone (Def) and the heme analogue gallium-protoporphyrin (GaPP), alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin. Activity against MDR Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter johnsonii biofilms was assessed in the colony biofilm and artificial wound model by enumeration of CFU and correlative light/electron microscopy. While Staphylococcus biofilms were equally susceptible to GaPP and Def-GaPP gels (log10 reduction of 3.8 and 3.7, respectively), the Def-GaPP combination was crucial for significant activity against P. aeruginosa biofilms (log10 reduction of 1.3 for GaPP and 3.3 for Def-GaPP). When Def-GaPP gel was combined with ciprofloxacin, the efficacy exceeded the activity of the individual compounds. Def-GaPP delivered in a surgical wound gel showed significant antibiofilm activity against different MDR strains and could enhance the gel's wound-healing properties. Moreover, Def-GaPP indicated a potentiation of ciprofloxacin. This antibiofilm strategy has potential for clinical utilization as a therapy for topical biofilm-related infections.

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44

GAPP, Revista. "Primeras y Sumario." Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas, December 18, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.24965/gapp.v0i12.10214.

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GAPP, Revista. "Primeras y Sumario." Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas, May 26, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.24965/gapp.v0i13.10227.

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46

GAPP, Revista. "Desautorización." Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas, November 27, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.24965/gapp.v0i14.10286.

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La revista Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas (GAPP), en aplicación de las recomendaciones de los comités internacionales de ética sobre publicaciones académicas, ha decidido proceder a la desautorización formal del siguiente artículo: Herrera Gómez, Manuel (2001) “Conocimiento sociológico y planificación social: la relación teoría y praxis”. GAPP (20): 71-91, el cual se ha traducido literalmente, figuras y notas incluidas, del capítulo 5 publicado con anterioridad de Donati, Pierpaolo (1991) Teoría relazionalle della società. Milán: Franco Angeli, según se ha comprobado.

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GAPP, Revista. "Primeras y sumario." Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas, November 30, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.24965/gapp.v0i14.10296.

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GAPP, Revista. "Autores en este número." Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas, November 2, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24965/gapp.v0i20.10595.

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Tiwari, Arun K., Clement C. Zai, C. Anthony Altar, Julie-Anne Tanner, Paige E. Davies, Paul Traxler, James Li, et al. "Clinical utility of combinatorial pharmacogenomic testing in depression: A Canadian patient- and rater-blinded, randomized, controlled trial." Translational Psychiatry 12, no. 1 (March 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01847-8.

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AbstractThe pharmacological treatment of depression consists of stages of trial and error, with less than 40% of patients achieving remission during first medication trial. However, in a large, randomized-controlled trial (RCT) in the U.S. (“GUIDED”), significant improvements in response and remission rates were observed in patients who received treatment guided by combinatorial pharmacogenomic testing, compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU). Here we present results from the Canadian “GAPP-MDD” RCT. This 52-week, 3-arm, multi-center, participant- and rater-blinded RCT evaluated clinical outcomes among patients with depression whose treatment was guided by combinatorial pharmacogenomic testing compared to TAU. The primary outcome was symptom improvement (change in 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAM-D17) at week 8. Secondary outcomes included response (≥50% decrease in HAM-D17) and remission (HAM-D17 ≤ 7) at week 8. Numerically, patients in the guided-care arm had greater symptom improvement (27.6% versus 22.7%), response (30.3% versus 22.7%), and remission rates (15.7% versus 8.3%) compared to TAU, although these differences were not statistically significant. Given that the GAPP-MDD trial was ultimately underpowered to detect statistically significant differences in patient outcomes, it was assessed in parallel with the larger GUIDED RCT. We observed that relative improvements in response and remission rates were consistent between the GAPP-MDD (33.0% response, 89.0% remission) and GUIDED (31.0% response, 51.0% remission) trials. Together with GUIDED, the results from the GAPP-MDD trial indicate that combinatorial pharmacogenomic testing can be an effective tool to help guide depression treatment in the context of the Canadian healthcare setting (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02466477).

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Crepaldi, Felipe M., Miguel A. Moretti, Bárbara G. Maya, Beatriz G. Magnoni, Giane P. Costa, Isabella O. Holsapfel, João F. Ferreira, and Antonio C. Chagas. "Abstract 350: Impact on Knowledge Retention on CPR Using a Smartphone App in Teenagers." Circulation 142, Suppl_4 (November 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.142.suppl_4.350.

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Cardiopulmonary arrest occurs more frequently outside the hospital, often in the presence of a teenager. Studies show that knowledge retention of basic procedures in CPR tends to decrease with time. Hypothesis: To evaluate the contribution to learning and retention of CPR techniques using a smartphone application (APP) Ressuscita. Methods: An application was developed to assist the training of CPR maneuvers. One group of students (gAPP) was trained according to the BLS principles along with the App (which was installed on the smartphones) and the group control (gCT) received the same training, without the APP. Both groups were evaluated at 3 moments, immediately after the first training (T0), 3 months (T3m) and 6 months later (T6m). Theoretical and practical evaluations were performed. After the 3-month, the gCT was received the APP (they were also able to keep the APP). The groups were matched for age and sex. Data were subjected to statistical analysis and treated as mean values and standard deviation. Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney test and t test were used. Results: 93 teenagers were trained, with a mean age of 14 years, 49 in gAPP and 44 in gCT. The graphics show that they were homogeneous and at the end of the training presented the same grade profile in the theoretical and practical evaluation. After 3 months, the gAPP had a better knowledge and retention profile. In the practical evaluation the gAPP demonstrated a smaller reduction in score compared to those with gCT: 0.1 + 0.2 steps vs. 2.1 + 0.3 steps (p <0.001). After six months, the groups returned to the same profile of knowledge and retention. Detailing the practical evaluation, the practical skills were the most improved with the application. Conclusion: There was greater retention of knowledge, especially skills, in relation to CPR maneuvers in individuals trained with the app.

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Journal articles on the topic 'GAPP'

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