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Jarvstad, Andreas. "The optimality of perception and cognition : the perception-cognition gap explored." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/24208/.
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The ability to choose wisely is crucial for our survival. Yet, the received wisdom has been that humans choose irrationally and sub-optimally. This conclusion is largely based on studies in which participants are asked to make choices on the basis of explicit numerical information. Lately, our ability to make such high-level choices has been contrasted with our ability to make low-level (perceptual or perceptuo-motor) choices. Remarkably, we seem able to make near-optimal low-level choices. Taken at face value, the discrepancy gives rise to a perception-cognition gap. The gap implies, for example, that our ancestors were much better at choosing where to put their feet on a rocky ridge (a perceptuo-motor task), compared to choosing which prey to hunt (a cognitive task).The work reported herein probes this gap. There are many differences between literatures showing optimal and sub-optimal performance. The main approach taken here was to match low- and high-level tasks as closely as possible to eliminate such differences. When this is done one finds very little evidence for a perception-cognition gap. Moreover, once the standards of performance assessment of the respective literature are applied to data generated under such conditions it becomes apparent that the cause of the gap seems to lie in the standards themselves. When low-level standards are applied, human choice, whether low- or high-level, looks good. When high-level standards are applied, human choice, whether low- or high-level, looks rather poor. It is easy to see then, that applying high-level standards to high-level tasks, and low-level standards to low-level tasks, will give rise to a “gap”, with no or little actual difference in performance.
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Fagelson, Marc A. "Gap Discrimination and Speech Perception in Noise." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1999. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1583.
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The relation between discrimination of silent gaps and speech‐in‐noise perception was measured in 20 normal‐hearing listeners using speech‐shaped noise as both the gap markers and the noise source for speech testing. In the gap discrimination experiment, subjects compared silent gaps marked by 60 dB SPL 250‐ms noise bursts to standards of either 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, or 200 ms. The gap results were most similar to those reported by Abel [S. M. Abel, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 52, 519–524 (1972)] as ΔT/T decreased non‐monotonically with increased gap length. In a second experiment, the California Consonant Test (CCT) was administered at 50 dB HL via CD in three conditions: quiet, +10 S/N, and 0 S/N. Results from both experiments were correlated and the association between ΔT/T and CCT scores was generally negative. Listeners who discriminated the gaps with greater acuity typically had higher speech scores. The relation was strongest for the smaller gap standards at each S/N, or when performance for any gap duration was compared to the CCT results obtained in quiet.
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Llamas, Joseph M. "The Perception Gap: Sociodemographic Factors Affecting Teacher Perceptions of Students in Urban Schools." UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE, 2012. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3491034.
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Chapman, Heather Renee Brown. "THE STAKEHOLDER GAP LENS: TEACHER AND PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS OF THE ACHIEVEMENT GAP IN KENTUCKY'S PUBLIC SCHOOLS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/stem_etds/12.
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The research around the achievement gap is extensive. However, regardless that the term “achievement gap” is so widely used in academia today, there is often confusion surrounding what the achievement gap is. This study seeks to answer three research questions: (1) To what extent does an achievement gap exist among different subgroups of students in Kentucky’s K-12 public schools? (2) How do the perceptions of parents and teachers interact with decision-making? (3) How do the ideas of parents and teachers regarding closing the achievement gap compare?
This research examines perceptions of the existence of an achievement gap in Kentucky’s public schools from the perspectives of two groups of stakeholders: parents and teachers. This study aims to identify trends in thinking about the existence of an achievement gap, how information is communicated, and how stakeholders think gaps can be closed.
The results of this study indicate that stakeholders have a general understanding of the achievement gap; however, methods of communication with parents need strengthening. Findings show that Kentucky schools with gaps tend to have multiple subgroups, rather than a single group, performing lower than their peers, but stakeholders have mixed ideas on closing these gaps.
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Yim, Pui-kwan. "Random gap detection test normative values for Hong Kong young adults /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2003. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B38891037.
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Thesis (B.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2003."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 2003." Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-30) Also available in print.
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Lam, Yan-ki Jacky. "Developmental normative data for the random gap detection test." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholors Hub, 2005. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B38279289.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2005."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2005." Also available in print.
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Forsgren, Mattias. "Further perceptions of probability : The perception-cognition gap and sequence retention models under continuously changing Bernoulli distributions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-332983.
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Hyman Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis (Minsky, 1977) proposes that cyclicality in the financial market is caused by a rational process of learning and inference of probabilities. Although a substantial literature is available on the perception of stationary probability distributions, the learning of non-stationary distributions has received less interest. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate people’s cognitive ability to learn cyclical changes in an underlying probability from feedback. Key aspects of the design of Gallistel et al. (2014) are replicated, but under continuously, rather than stepwise, changing Bernoulli distributions to establish: (i) if the learning process is continuous or discrete, (ii) if there is only local learning or if people induce the underlying functional form, and (iii) if there are any differences in performance between perceptual and cognitive formulations of the task. The step-hold updating model introduced by Gallistel et al. (2014) is compared to two simple trial by trial updating models. The results suggest that (i) the learning process is continuous, (ii) people perceive the functional form explicitly but do not extrapolate, and (iii) there are some differences depending on framing. One of the trial by trial models outperforms the step-hold model for the majority of subjects in this sample and version of the task.
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Cheuk, Lai-shan. "Auditory gap detection in patients with cleft lip/palate." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37991279.
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Hattab, Insaf. "Qualité et perception de la qualité d'audit : le cas des auditeurs et audités en Tunisie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0324.
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Ce travail de recherche s’interroge sur la mesure de la qualité d’audit en l’approchant à travers leconcept de perception. Il mobilise deux courants de recherche : le courant fonctionnaliste qui meten évidence les critères favorisant une profession, et ce par le biais de son « idéal type », et lecourant néo-wébérien qui souligne l’idéologie selon laquelle la profession est définie pour prouversa légitimité. L’interaction entre les deux courants permet de créer une vision globale duphénomène de la qualité d’audit. Ce concept sera abordé à travers la perception que les auditeurs etaudités en ont dans la mesure où seules les subjectivités permettent de se rapprocher d’un niveau denormalisation. Le phénomène de l’expectation gap émerge ainsi de cette problématique à travers ledécalage des perceptions. Un cadre psychologique social est également mobiliser pour comprendrela nature du lien social entre les deux acteurs. Afin d’appréhender ces perceptions 150 réponsesd’auditeurs et 88 d’audités sont examinées dans un contexte tunisien. Ces perceptions sont par lasuite confrontées. L’analyse des résultats révèle des perceptions guidées par les valeurs personnellesdes individus mais n’influencent pas systématiquement la confiance établie entre les deux parties.Les perceptions des deux acteurs restent divergentes dans l’ensemble ; l’expectation gap est bienprésente en Tunisie. L’auditeur reste tout de même conscient que ses perceptions sont différentesdes exigences de son clientThis research questions the measure of audit quality by taking a perceptual concept. Mobilizing tworesearch approaches: A functional approach that puts into evidence the criteria that promote atrade. This is reached through its “ideal type”, and the néo-wébérien approach that outlines theideology from which a trade is defined to prove its legitimacy. The interaction between these twoapproaches allows a global vision of the phenomenon of the audit quality. This concept will beaddressed through the perception that the auditors and the audited get in the measure that onlysubjectivities can be used to get closer of a normalized level.. The phenomenon of the expectation gapemerges from this problematic through the shift of the perceptions. A psychological socialframework is also mobilized to understand the nature of the social link between these two actors.To apprehend these perceptions 150 answers of auditors and 88 audited are examined in a Tunisiancontext. These perceptions are then confronted. The analysis of the results reveals perceptions thatare guided by personal values of the individuals which don’t systematically influence the trustestablished between the two parties. The perceptions of the two actors are nonetheless globallydivergent; the expectation gap is hence truly present in Tunisia. The auditor is aware that hisperceptions are different from his client’s demands
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Sultana, Sarmin, and Shohel Rana. "Service Quality : (Service Gap Analysis) A case study - "Komvux"." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1073.
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The customer‘s standard of living and consciousness is demanding the importance of service quality. Service quality is mandatory to provide added value to the customers, retain and make loyal customers. This paper focuses on the customer expectation, customer perception and the gap between customer expectation and perception to measure the service quality. We have analyzed the service quality which has a great impact on customer satisfaction.
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Yeo, Inhan. "Dyadic power shifts and alliance credibility analysis of gap of the threat perception /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Elangovan, Saravanan, and Andrew Stuart. "Natural Boundaries in Gap Detection are Related to Categorical Perception of Stop Consonants." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1554.
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Objectives: The hypothesis that a natural auditory psychophysical discontinuity contributes to a perceptual category boundary between voiced and voiceless English stop consonants was examined.
Design: The relationships between voice onset time (VOT) phonetic boundary and gap-detection thresholds for conditions in which the sounds delimiting the gap were acoustically identical or different were examined in 18 native young adult English speakers. It was specifically hypothesized that between-channel gap-detection thresholds, in contrast to within-channel gap thresholds, would be better predictors of categorical VOT values for listeners. The stimuli used in the between-channel gap-detection task were designed such that dissimilar leading and trailing markers of the gap approximated a stop burst and a following vowel, both in terms of temporal and spectral relationships, while being devoid of phonetic identity. The stimuli used to examine the VOT measure were synthesized bilabial stop syllables in a continuum ranging from /ba/ to /pa/.
Results: Statistically significant larger gap thresholds were found for the between-channel conditions than for the within-channel condition (p < 0.05). The center frequency of the trailing marker affected the between-channel gap thresholds with the thresholds improving as the center frequency increased (p < 0.05). Statistically significant positive correlations and predictive linear relations were found between VOT phonetic boundaries and between-channel gap thresholds (p < 0.05) but not within-channel gap thresholds (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: A relationship between the phonetic boundary of voiced–voiceless speech sounds and the auditory temporal resolution task of detecting gaps placed within dissimilar markers, regardless of the center frequency of the trailing marker noise burst, was demonstrated. Detection of gaps between different nonspeech acoustic markers and categorical perception of VOT seems to share the same underlying perceptual timing mechanisms in native English speakers.
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Samelli, Alessandra Giannella. "O teste GIN (Gap in Noise): limiares de detecção de gap em adultos com audição normal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-19032007-091334/.
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A habilidade auditiva de resolução temporal consiste no tempo mínimo requerido para segregar ou resolver eventos acústicos. Esta habilidade é fundamental para a compreensão da fala humana, constituindo-se num pré-requisito para as habilidades lingüísticas, bem como para a leitura. Em 2003, Musiek desenvolveu um teste para avaliar os limiares de detecção de gap a ser utilizado na prática clínica - o GIN - Gap In Noise (Musiek et al., 2004). Para que o teste GIN possa ser incorporado à bateria de testes para avaliação do processamento auditivo, é necessário que existam critérios de normalidade para ouvintes sem alterações auditivas. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho é estabelecer critérios de normalidade para o teste GIN, em adultos com audição normal. Como objetivos específicos, têm-se: obter as médias dos limiares de detecção de gap, a porcentagem média de acertos, bem como definir um intervalo de confiança para cada uma das faixas-teste que compõem o GIN; obter o desempenho por intervalo de gap; verificar o efeito das variáveis orelha, gênero e faixa-teste. O teste GIN foi aplicado em 100 indivíduos (50 do gênero feminino e 50 do gênero masculino), de faixa-etária entre 18 e 31 anos, após a realização de outros testes audiológicos para descartar possíveis alterações auditivas e/ou do processamento auditivo, que pudessem comprometer os resultados. Como resultados gerais, foram observados limiares de detecção de gap e porcentagens médias de acertos semelhantes para as orelhas direita e esquerda, para os gêneros masculino e feminino e para as quatro faixas-teste testadas. A média geral dos limiares de gap foi de 3,98 ms, enquanto a média das porcentagens de acertos foi de 78,89%. Foi definido um intervalo de confiança (limite mínimo e limite máximo) para cada uma das faixas-teste (Média dos limiares de detecção de gap - faixa-teste 1: 3,73 - 4,01 ms; faixa-teste 2: 3,9 - 4,18 ms; faixa-teste 3: 3,88 - 4,14 ms; faixa-teste 4: 3,9 - 4,14 ms; Porcentagens médias de acertos - faixa-teste 1: 78,14 - 80,52%; faixa-teste 2: 77,34 - 79,66%; faixa-teste 3: 77,73 - 79,83%; faixa-teste 4: 77,82 - 80,14%). A curva do desempenho dos participantes por intervalo de gap foi estabelecida da seguinte forma: para gaps de 2 ms, a porcentagem de acertos foi sempre igual ou menor do que 5%; para 3 ms, esta porcentagem já fica em torno de 10 a 30%; para intervalos de 4 ms, as porcentagens de acerto chegam ao redor de 60 a 70%; para intervalos de gap iguais ou maiores do que 5 ms, a porcentagem de acertos alcança 90% ou mais. Todos estes resultados poderão ser utilizados como parâmetros de normalidade. Desta forma, o teste em questão mostrou-se consistente e com baixa variabilidade, em relação aos dados obtidos para os 100 indivíduos.Auditory temporal resolution ability refers to the shortest time required to segregate or to resolve acoustic events. This ability is important to human speech comprehension and it is a prerequisite condition for both linguistic and reading abilities. In 2003, Musiek developed a clinical test to measure gap detection thresholds - the GIN Test - Gap In Noise (Musiek et al., 2004). In order to incorporate the GIN test to auditory processing evaluation, it is necessary to established norms in normal hearing subjects. The aims of this study were: to establish parameters for the GIN test in normal-hearing young adults; to obtain both gap detection threshold and percentage of correct responses mean; to define a confidence interval to the four lists that compound GIN test; to get a performance slope for each gap interval; to verify the variable effect concerning ear, gender and list. Proceed by an audiological evaluation to exclude hearing loss and/or auditory processing disorders, the GIN test was applied in 100 subjects (50 females and 50 males), ranged from 18 to 31 years old. Results indicated that the gap detection threshold and the percentage of correct responses means were quite similar in both right and left ears, in male and female gender and in the four tested lists. The gap detection threshold mean was 3,98 ms, and the percentage of correct responses mean was 78,89%. A confidence interval was defined (minimum and maximum limits) to each one of four lists (Gap detection threshold mean - List 1: 3,73 - 4,01 ms; List 2: 3,9 - 4,18 ms; List 3: 3,88 - 4,14 ms; List 4: 3,9 - 4,14 ms; Percentage of correct responses mean - List 1: 78,14 - 80,52%; List 2: 77,34 - 79,66%; List 3: 77,73 - 79,83%; List 4: 77,82 - 80,14%). The performance slope for each gap interval was determined according to the following criteria: to 2 ms gap interval the percentage of accurate responses were less or equal 5%; to 3 ms gap interval it varied from 10% to 30%; to 4 ms gap interval, accurate responses were from 60 to 70%; and, finally, from 5 ms and to upper intervals a 90 or more percentage was achieved. All achieved results may be applied as standard parameters. Finally, the GIN test demonstrated be consistent and to have low variability in relation to the data from the 100 subjects.
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Amaral, Maria Isabel Ramos do 1985. "Processamento auditivo temporal = desempenho auditivo de escolares no teste Gin - Gap in noise." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310940.
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Orientador: Maria Francisca Colella dos SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T11:11:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amaral_MariaIsabelRamosdo_M.pdf: 1420654 bytes, checksum: c7d0599bdf59bfdddfc518840deac9b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Introdução: A habilidade auditiva denominada resolução temporal consiste no tempo mínimo necessário para resolver eventos acústicos, sendo fundamental para a compreensão de fala, e pode ser avaliada por testes de detecção de gap, dentre eles o teste GIN - Gaps In Noise. Objetivo: verificar o desempenho da resolução temporal em crianças sem queixas auditivas e/ou dificuldades escolares, na aplicação do teste GIN, considerando-se o gênero masculino e feminino e a faixa etária de 8, 9 e 10 anos. Forma do estudo: corte transversal. Material e Método: Os sujeitos foram divididos em três grupos, sendo 25 crianças de 8 anos no grupo I, 25 crianças de 9 anos do grupo II e 25 crianças de 10 anos no grupo III. Inicialmente, foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos: anamnese, meatoscopia, avaliação audiológica básica e avaliação simplificada do processamento auditivo. As crianças que apresentaram resultados dentro dos padrões de normalidade descritos nos procedimentos realizados foram submetidas ao teste GIN - Gaps In Noise. O teste GIN, gravado em CD, foi aplicado por meio de Audiômetro Interacoustics AC40 acoplado a um Compact Disc (CD) Philips, em cabina acústica, numa intensidade de 50 dBNS. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças significantes em relação às variáveis orelha e faixa etária. O gênero masculino obteve desempenho levemente melhor do que o feminino em relação apenas à porcentagem de acertos. O teste GIN é uma ferramenta prática e confiável para avaliar a habilidade de resolução temporal em crianças, sendo importante no diagnóstico precoce de possíveis alterações do processamento temporal Conclusão: O limiar de detecção de gap e porcentagem de acertos foram calculados independente das variáveis orelha, gênero e faixa etária, sendo encontrados os valores de 4,7ms e 73,6%, respectivamente
Abstract: Introduction: Temporal resolution hearing skills are based on the minimum time necessary to solve acoustic events, which is fundamental for speech comprehension and can be assessed throught gap detection tests, as the Gaps-in-noise test (GIN). Aim: the aim of the present study was to check the performance of temporal process ability in children with no hearing and/or school difficulties through GIN test, considering both genders and ages between 8 and 10 years old. Study design: cross-sectional. Material and method: The subjects were divided into 3 groups: Group I (25 eight-year old children), Group II (25 nine-year old children) and Group III (25 ten-year old children). At first, the following procedures were done: anamnesis, otoscopy, hearing assessment and a simple auditory processing assessment. The children with results according to normality, described in the procedures used, were submitted to GIN test - Gaps In Noise. The GIN test, recorded in CD, was used through the Interacoustics Audiometers AC40, with a Philips Compact Disc (CD), in an acoustic cabin, with an intensity of 50 dB NS.Results: The findings revealed no statistical difference among age groups or ear. The male gender presented slightly better responses than did the female group on percentage of correct responses only. the gin test is a valuable and reliable tool for assessing temporal resolution on children, being an important test for early diagnosis of possible temporal process disorders. Conclusion: The gap threshold and percentage of correct responses were calculated regardless of the ear, gender or age, and were respectively 4,7ms and 73,6%
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
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Raptopoulou, Anastasia Thomai. "Mind the Gap : A qualitative study on preschool teachers’ perception on digital game-based learning." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118785.
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The research reported here is a qualitative case study aimed to identify the position of digital game-based learning (DGBL) in the public and private preschools of Stockholm. The research is placed within the broader framework of digital game-based learning and the practical implementation of digital games in education, while the emphasis of the study is given to the role of the teachers in the practical implementation of digital games into the classroom. The research examines the attitude of the teachers towards digital games and investigates the role of these attitudes in the implementation of DGBL. The empirical findings of the study are analyzed and discussed through the prism of the existing literature on the field.The study shows that the perception of teachers on digital games and on the use of technology in early childhood education is the main factor that influences the implementation of digital games in preschools. The attitudes of the teachers can be distinguished in two categories: the positive teachers and the sceptical teachers. Furthermore, there are several other barriers that prevent the spreading of DGBL in the education institutions. Regardless of the teachers’ stance and the existing barriers, teachers are aware of the existence of digital games applicable to the early childhood education and many of them do make use of them. In this study, the ways of implementation of the digital games are also presented. However, teachers do not discuss digital games with the parents, while the discussion among colleagues is limited. The lack of information and appropriate training reveal a gap between the research community and the educational practice of DGBL.
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Zetterquist, Jessica Beesley. "Effect of Upward Feedback on the Gap Between Manager and Subordinate Perception of Manager Behavior." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2523.
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Objective: To assess the effect of upward feedback on the perception gap of manager-rated and subordinate-rated managerial behavior scores using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ).
Design: Phase I questionnaires assessed the use of upward (subordinate to manager) feedback and were used to form Feedback and Comparison groups. Phase II questionnaires included feedback, attitudinal, and demographic questions and the MLQ. MLQ scores were compared between the two groups.
Subjects/setting: Directors of Food and Nutrition Services and Clinical Nutrition Managers and their respective subordinates in a hospital setting.
Statistical analyses performed: General Linear Model (using SAS Version 9.2, Cary, NC) was used to determine the relationships between MLQ scores and questions of interest.
Results: Upward feedback practices in both the Feedback and Communication groups did not correspond to the Phase I reports. Feedback managers did not have higher MLQ scores based on feedback group, manager tenure, and manager implementation of feedback. Managers whose subordinates who enjoyed their jobs had higher subordinate-rated MLQ scores.
Conclusions: Policies and practices of upward evaluation methods are not clear and need to be studied further in a hospital dietetics setting.
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Cheuk, Lai-shan, and 卓麗珊. "Auditory gap detection in patients with cleft lip/palate." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37991279.
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Kear, Louise. "Growing political apathy in Australia : a study of the gap between the self-perception and the public perception of politicians and its meaning /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe.pdf.
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Salih, Suweeyah S. "African American Vernacular English and the Achievement Gap: How Teacher Perception Impacts Instruction and Student Motivation." University of Findlay / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=findlay1564758333725021.
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van, Someren Katherine Louise. "User behaviour and perception as drivers for lighting energy efficiency and performance gap reduction in higher education." Thesis, University of Reading, 2018. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/77156/.
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User behaviour and perception are key drivers for lighting energy efficiency and performance gap reduction in higher education. Changing the way we conduct post occupancy evaluation to include retrofits and understanding users' needs more thoroughly will ultimately lead to a greater reduction in CO, emissions. A pilot interview study was carried out with University of Reading Whiteknights campus with a total of 6 staff and students in 2014 and developed into a main interview study with 9 academic staff in 2015. During 2014 to 2016 data loggers were deployed for six months to 10 single occupancy offices, 13 classrooms and 14 corridor areas in 3 buildings on campus that were used for both teaching and office space. The data from the loggers was used to calculate hours of lighting use and occupancy, time of day analysis and a prompt study. The findings from interviews revealed that lighting control design in classrooms lacked consistency across the real estate portfolio; office occupants felt their spaces were neglected and; the piecemeal upgrades contributed to their frustrations of being unable to control their lighting effectively. Post occupancy evaluation in single occupancy offices, classrooms and corridors was carried out using environmental loggers to quantify the levels of hours of wasted lighting use for performance gap analysis relating this to external factor. and CO, emission savings. Significant hours of wasted lighting were found in all three task areas in the three study buildings. Interesting findings in the office study found that lighting use and occupancy patterns varied by both building and size of office. To combat this prevalent lighting waste continuous commissioning and verification were suggested as practical measures to reduce the CO, emissions and energy consumption and improve user satisfaction. Finally the prompt study exploring office occupant's habits was found to link light switching behaviours on exit to the time of day and suggested the corridor lights being off influenced the action of switching off lights in the office. This thesis contributes to knowledge by providing new significant findings in both post occupancy evaluation and human behaviour in light switching.
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Öström, Pontus, and Emil Fröyset. "The value perception gap between customers and sellers : A case study on aftersales services within maritime industry." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78908.
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Increased competition and lower margins on products cause many traditional manufacturing companies to resort to services to increase revenues and differentiate themselves from competitors. A challenge manufacturing companies and their sellers face within this change lie within understanding what their customers value in the contexts of service and how to convey these values into superior value propositions. This research intends to increase understanding in what the difference is in the perception of value between sellers and their customers and what the implications for these differences are. This is done by the means of a case study with a setting in the maritime industry. Empirical data was collected through eight interviews, of which four was with the case company’s sellers, three was with customers to the case company and one was with an external industrial service manager. From the interviews the following conclusions could be drawn. Firstly, the findings indicate that the sellers and the customers had similar perception of what value is, where both sides emphasized on the importance of economical and functional values. Secondly, the findings indicate that the implication of the differences on the perception of value lies in that the sellers mostly focuses on the value that the services could provide to the customers while the customers regarded the value in relation to sacrifices. An implication of this is that the sellers might believe that the customers gain more value from their services than the customers believes they do. This misperception of customer perceived value could lead to challenges in selling services and the loss of customers to competitors that offers a better trade-off between benefits and sacrifices.Ökad konkurrens och minskade marginaler på produkter får många traditionella tillverkningsföretag att söka sig till tjänster för att på så sätt öka sina intäkter och särskilja sig ifrån sina konkurrenter. En utmaning som tillverkningsföretag möter inom denna förändring ligger i att förstå vad deras kunder värderar i tjänstesammanhang och hur de kan förmedla dessa värden i överlägset värdeförslag. Denna forskning har för avsikt att öka förståelsen för vad skillnaden är i uppfattningen av värde mellan säljpersonal och dess kunder och hur skillnaderna kan påverka genomförandet av förslag till servicevärden. Detta undersöktes i en fallstudie på ett företag inom den maritima industrin. Empiriskt data samlades in via åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer var av fyra med säljare på samarbetsföretaget, tre med kunder till samarbetsföretag och en med en utomstående industriell servicechef. Från intervjuerna kunde följande slutsatser dras. För det första indikerar resultaten att skillnaden i uppfattning av värde mellan säljarna och kunderna är likartad och att det största fokuset ligger på den funktionella och ekonomiska dimensionen. För det andra indikerar resultaten att implikationerna av skillnaderna på uppfattningen av värde ligger i att säljarna mestadels fokuserar på det värde som tjänsterna kan erbjuda kunderna medan kunderna betraktade värdet i förhållande till de uppoffringar eller kostnader som medföljer. En implikation av detta är att säljarna leds till att tro att kunderna får mer värde av tjänsterna än kunderna uppfattar att de får. Denna missuppfattning av kundupplevt värde kan leda till utmaningar när det gäller att sälja tjänster och bortfall av kunder till konkurrenter som ger bättre avvägning mellan fördelar och uppoffringar.
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Fagelson, Marc A. "Military Trauma and its Influence on Loudness Perception." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1602.
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Excerpt: It is often the case that veterans who experience hyperacusis have hearing loss and tinnitus; what sets the patient with PTSD apart is an increased likelihood that will rate sound tolerance problems as more severe than tinnitus and hearing loss.
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Xu, Ping. "Examining the Description-Experienced Gap in Time Discounting and itsPossible Mechanisms." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1515169385935458.
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Miyata, Chiharu. "Characteristics and perception gap between staff nurse and nurse manager of the nurse manager's recognition behavior in Japan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188710.
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Kazemi, Madeleine. "The Assessment of the Customers’ Expectations and Perceptions Towards the Quality of Educational Services : the Case of Industrial Engineering and Management programme at KTH (Royal Institute of Technology)." Thesis, KTH, Industriell marknadsföring, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169501.
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The services sector is the largest economic sector in the world. In addition, the services sector is growing relative to the rest of the economy even in the countries that are still industrialising. The services sector consists of many subsectors, e.g. education, which currently is the largest global market after health care. Higher education has had a rapid increase in the number of students worldwide. In the Swedish educational scene Industrial Engineering and Management, a Master of Science programme, has long been one of the most applied to engineering-programmes in the country. Every year the average grade needed to be able to get accepted to the education has gotten higher. With these facts presented it can be argued that some of Sweden’s most prominent students apply to the specific education and university. When applying to Industrial Engineering and Management at KTH, these students have an expectation of what they will be attaining if attending. After experiencing the education and the university, the students will have a perception of the educational service. The university can be viewed as a service provider, where the service provided is the education, and the students at the university are the customers. Meeting or exceeding the expectations of customers is what the success of a service organisation depends on. It is therefore necessary to understand what determinates the satisfaction of the service after it is provided. If an organisation or a company does not have this understanding the service will not satisfy the customers. The purpose of this study is to investigate and assess the existing gap, if any, between the perception and expectation of students at Industrial Engineering and Management programme at KTH. The main research questions addressed for the study thus are: What is the customer’s perception towards the quality of service provided? What is the customer’s expectation towards the quality of service provided? Does the quality of provided services meet the student’s expectation? Is there a gap between the existing perception and expectation? The information is collected through an online survey tool sent out to five clusters of students of the education. The overall finding of the research study is that the customer’s perception towards the quality of the service provided is less than than the expectation’s of the quality of the serviced provided, which has created a negative gap between the customer’s perception and expectation. The quality of the provided services of the Industrial Engineering and Management programme at KTH does therefore not meet the student’s expectation.Tjänstesektorn är den största ekonomiska sektorn i världen. Den växer till och med i relation till resten av ekonomin även i de länder som fortfarande industrialiseras. Tjänstesektorn består av många undersektorer, t.ex. utbildning, som för närvarande är den största globala marknaden efter hälso- och sjukvård. Högskole- och universitetsutbildning har haft en intensiv ökning i antalet studenter över hela världen. På den svenska marknaden har Industriell ekonomi på KTH länge varit en av de mest sökta och populära av alla civilingenjörsutbildningarna i landet. Varje år har utbildningens intagningspoäng blivit högre. Således kan det hävdas att en del av Sveriges mest framstående studenter söker sig till denna utbildning på just KTH. Universitet kan ses som tjänsteleverantörer, där den tjänst som tillhandahålls är utbildning, och studenterna vid universitetet är kunderna. Att uppfylla eller överträffa de förväntningar som kunderna har är vad framgången för en serviceorganisation avgörs av. Det är därför nödvändigt att förstå vad som avgör hur tjänsten upplevs. Om en organisation eller ett företag inte har denna förståelse är det svårt att tillfredsställa sina kunder via tjänsten. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och bedöma det befintliga gapet, om ett gap existerar, mellan perception och förväntan hos studenter vid civilingenjörsprogrammet Industriell ekonomi på KTH. De huvudsakliga frågeställningar som beaktas i studien är följande: Vad är kundens perception av kvalitén på tjänsten? Vad är kundens förväntan av kvalitén på tjänsten? Har kvalitén på de tjänster som tillhandahålls uppfyllt studentens förväntningar? Finns det ett gap mellan den nuvarande perceptionen och förväntan? Data till studien samlas in via ett online-enkätverktyg som skickas ut till fem kluster av studenter i utbildningen. Den övergripande slutsatsen av studien är att studentens perception på utbildningen som tillhandahålls är lägre än förväntningarna är, vilket har skapat ett negativt gap gällande den upplevda kvalitén på utbildningen.
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Blankenship, Chelsea M. "Temporal Processing and Speech Perception in Cochlear Implant Recipients and Normal Hearing Listeners." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1593266378316404.
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Hou, Wenliang. "How Accurate are Retirees' Assessments of Their Retirement Risk?:." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108826.
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Thesis advisor: Peter IrelandRetirees with limited financial resources face numerous risks, including out-living their money (longevity risk), investment losses (market risk), unexpected health expenses (health risk), the unforeseen needs of family members (family risk), and even retirement benefit cuts (policy risk). This study systematically values and ranks the financial impacts of these risks from both the objective and subjective perspectives and then compares them to show the gaps between retirees’ actual risks and their perceptions of the risks in a unified framework. It finds that 1) under the empirical analysis, the greatest risk is longevity risk, followed by health risk; 2) under the subjective analysis, retirees perceive market risk as the highest-ranking risk due to their exaggeration of market volatility; and 3) the longevity risk and health risk are valued less in the subjective ranking than in the objective ranking, because retirees underestimate their life spans and their health costs in late life
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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Hofmann, Anna Theresa. "Design for change : Generation Y consumers' perception of sustainability in the fast fashion industry." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-19629.
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Research Questions: “What knowledge do Generation Y consumers’ have about sustainability in the fast fashion industry?” and “How do the factors of the attitude-behavior gap influence the Generation Y consumers in their decision making for fast fashion clothes?” Problem Formulation: Sustainability as a topic has regained great attention over the last couple of years. Generation Y consumers’ demand for more sustainable actions, especially in fast fashion, puts increasing pressure on the industry. As the biggest consumer cohort, it is important for fast fashion companies to meet their needs and demands for more sustainable actions to stay competitive. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the perception of sustainability of Generation Y consumers’ in the fast fashion industry by looking at eight factors that influence the attitude-behavior gap, namely Price Sensitivity, Ethical Obligation, Lack of Information, Subjective Norm, Quality, Inertia, Cynicism and Guilt. Additionally, the previous knowledge about sustainability in the fast fashion industry of this generation will be investigated by using the triple-bottom line approach of economic, environmental and social aspects. Methodology: This thesis utilized a qualitative methodology by conducting semi-structured interviews. The research consists of 6 participants from the Generation Y. The interviews were performed personally face-to-face. Findings/Conclusions: The findings indicate that the factors of the attitude-behavior gap still influence Generation Y consumers’ in their purchase decisions for fast fashion brands. They are more hesitant to invest in acquiring clothes from fast fashion retailers, as they see them as violating to the society and the environment. Therefore, Generation Y consumers would rather purchase sustainable clothes from sustainable companies that are behaving and producing their clothes in a right, sustainable and ethical way. Hence, their attitude indicates to be similar to their potential purchasing behavior. Furthermore, Generation Y consumers’ hold a broad, detailed knowledge about sustainability of all three parts of the triple bottom line.
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CARVALHO, MARIANA ALVES ARAUJO JANNUZZI DE. "THE USE OF MULTIVARIATE AND GAP ANALYSIS IN THE EVALUATION OF CUSTOMERNULLS PERCEPTION IN THE REVERSE LOGISTICS PROCESS: CASE STUDY OF AMERICANAS.COM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4773@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORNos últimos anos, a excelência em serviços vem sendo tratada, tanto no meio acadêmico quanto no meio empresarial, como um assunto de extrema importância para os novos modelos empresariais. Entretanto, a qualidade em serviços no comércio eletrônico ainda é pouco discutida. Evidências indicam que o serviço oferecido aos clientes virtuais ainda é crítico principalmente quando se trata de troca e devolução. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar a avaliação dos consumidores online sobre o processo de troca e devolução. Para isso, além da pesquisa bibliográfica, foi realizado um estudo de caso na Americanas.com, braço virtual da rede Lojas Americanas, considerada uma referência em comércio eletrônico B2C (business-to-consumer). Foi desenvolvido um instrumento de avaliação baseado na escala SERVQUAL - e aplicado aos clientes que já experimentaram o processo de troca ou devolução da Americanas.com - e um estudo com base no modelo de gaps, ambos propostos por Parasuraman et al. (1988 e 1985). No tratamento dos dados serão utilizados: análise multivariada , estatísticas descritivas e teste t- Student. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science).
In the last years, the service excellence is being discussed at academic and business environment as an extremely important subject for new business models. However, in the e-commerce the service quality is not as much discussed. Evidences show that the service delivered for e-costumers is critical especially when concerned with reverse logistics. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the customers online evaluation about the reverse logistics process. In order to fulfill the objectives, a review of the bibliography was made and also a case study at Americanas.com, an online shop of the Lojas Americanas S.A., generally recognized as a reference in the electronic commerce B2C (business-to-consumer) in Brazil. An evaluation instrument based on the SERVQUAL scale was developed - and applied to customers involved in the reverse logistics process at Americanas.com - and a study based on gaps model, both proposed by Parasuraman et al. (1988 and 1985). In the data treatment the following instruments have been used: multivariate analysis, descriptive statistics and t-Student test. The software SPSS was used to perform the analyses.
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SILVA, TIRLE CRUZ. "THE USE OF GAP ANALYSIS IN THE EVALUATION OF CUSTOMERNULLS PERCEPTION IN THE PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION PROCESS: CASE STUDY IN A BEER DISTRIBUTOR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5675@1.
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Nos últimos anos a distribuição física vem tendo um papel
de destaque no meio acadêmico e no serviço logístico das
empresas, na busca de melhorias operacionais e eficiência
na redução de custos para um mercado extremamente
competitivo. Adicionar valor ao produto por meio da
logística de distribuição, significa atender as
expectativas dos clientes ao menor custo e com qualidade
de
serviço. Entretanto, medir o desempenho do serviço ao
cliente é fundamental para o gerenciamento do sistema
logístico de distribuição em virtude da complexidade
do processo. A motivação deste trabalho foi a
identificação
e caracterização da lacuna existente entre a percepção e
a
expectativa dos clientes a respeito da qualidade dos
serviços de distribuição prestados pela distribuidora
avaliada, sediada na cidade de Nova Iguaçu- RJ. O
processo
de coleta e análise das informações foi adaptado dos
modelos de GAPS e SERVQUAL, propostos por Parasuraman,
Berry e Zeithaml (1985,1988). A análise dos dados da
pesquisa de campo permitiu identificar lacunas em algumas
dimensões de qualidade na empresa estudada. Tais
resultados
confirmam a potencialidade do modelo utilizado neste
trabalho como ferramenta de gerenciamento de qualidade de
serviços de distribuição.In the last years, the physical distribution is having a prominent role in the academic area and in the logistics service of the companies, seeking for operational improvements and efficiency in the reduction of costs for an extremely competitive market. However, to add value to the product by means of the logistics distribution, it is understood to attend the customers` expectations with lower cost and good quality of service. Therefore, it is essential for the management of the distribution logistics system to measure the performance of the service to the customer due to the complexity of the process. The motivation of this work was the identification and characterization of the existing gap between the customers` perception and the expectation regarding the quality of distribution service offered by the distributor assessed, located in Nova Iguaçu, RIO DE JANEIRO. The process of information collection and analysis was adapted from the models of GAPS and SERVQUAL, developed by Parasuraman, Berry and Zeithaml (1985, 1988). The data analysis of the field research allowed identifying gaps in some quality areas of the assessed company. Such results confirm the potentiality of the model used in this work as a tool of distribution service quality management.
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Morley, Jennifer. "Multicultural education and cultural competence in the high accountability era : a study of teacher perception." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001851.
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Jedidi, Imen. "Contribution à la compréhension de l' "Expectation gap" en audit." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090020.
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L’écart entre ce que le public attend de la part de l’auditeur et ce que ce dernier pense réaliser est connu sous le vocable d’ « expectation gap ». Cette recherche a pour ambition de contribuer à la compréhension de ce phénomène. Nous appréhendons l’ « expectation gap » dans ses dimensions discursive et normative. Ceci nous conduit à poser les deux questions de recherche suivantes : - Comment et pourquoi le concept d’ « expectation gap » a-t-il émergé dans le discours de la profession d’audit ? - Quel est le rôle des normes d’audit dans la réduction de l’ « expectation gap » ? Notre démarche méthodologique, qui s’inscrit dans le contexte français, comporte trois phases : une étude documentaire longitudinale, une enquête fondée sur des entretiens et l’étude du cas de la norme NEP 705 « Justification des appréciations ». Elle permet de montrer que le concept d’ « expectation gap » a été introduit en France dans les années 1990 sous l’impulsion d’institutions européennes et internationales. L’ « expectation gap » est utilisé dans les discours comme une excuse permettant aux auditeurs d’échapper aux accusations du public et de conserver leur statut et leur position sur le marché. De surcroît, les normes d’audit en France non seulement ne permettent pas de réduire l’ « expectation gap », mais jouent au contraire un rôle légitimantThe « expectation gap » is defined as the gap between what the public expects from the auditor and what the auditor expects to achieve. The present research treats the expectation gap in its discursive and normative dimensions. It aims to contribute to the understanding of the expectation gap phenomenon by examining the following research questions: How and why the concept of «expectation gap» has emerged in the discourse of the audit profession? And what is the role of auditing standards in the reduction of the expectation gap? We address these questions within the French context using a methodological approach that consists of three phases: a longitudinal documentary study, a survey based on interviews, and a case study of the standard NEP 705 «Justification of assessments». We find that the concept of «expectation gap» was introduced in France in the 1990s under the influence of European and international institutions. We also find that the expectation gap is used in discourses as an excuse allowing auditors to escape public accusations and maintain their status and position in the market. Finally, we find that auditing standards in France not only don’t reduce the expectation gap, but actually play a role in legitimizing it
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Shbeilat, Mohammad Khaled. "The Jordanian Corporate Governance Code: A study of institutional investors' perception of the reliability of the audit report and the audit expectation gap." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2013. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/7e47498637229f2a8c8a02b5846a4a1fefbe28d3ed7f3bd4725d047b3e22bc4e/3024767/65084_downloaded_stream_309.pdf.
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This thesis examines, from the perspective of Jordanian financial analysts, the impact of selected components of the Jordanian Corporate Governance Code (JCGC) on the reliability of audit reports and the extent to which the JCGC contributes in narrowing the audit expectations gap. Thus this study focuses on those elements of the JCGC that relate to auditing and seeks to fill a gap in the existing literature regarding the determinants of changes in the audit expectation gap and the perceived reliability of the audit report, in the context of Jordan. Previous research in this area either considered a smaller range of variables or considered codes other than the JCGC. Moreover, Jordanian research has focused on studying the relative main effects of the independent variables on the dependent variables, and thus less attention has been placed on identifying interactive or configural relationships. Also the research methods used were incapable of identifying cause and effect relationships. Furthermore, given that the JCGC was only relatively recently implemented, on a “comply or explain” basis, the full impact of the code has, perhaps, not been fully reflected in prior research. This thesis investigates, experimentally, the main and interactive effects of four independent variables on two dependent variables. The independent variables are: (1) the external auditor’s independence, (2) the internal auditor’s effectiveness, (3) disclosure and transparency, and (4) corporate accountability. The dependent variables are (1) the perceived reliability of the audit report and (2) the perceived level of the audit expectation gap. In addition, this thesis investigates the extent to which Jordanian financial analysts possess self-insight as to the weight they place on the decision cues when evaluating the reliability of audit reports and when assessing the size of the audit expectation gap. By comparing financial analyst stated beliefs about the weights they placed on various factors, on one hand, to the weights revealed by the experiment, on the other, it is possible to gauge the accuracy of self-insight of the group. The study design is based on the agency theory and uses a mixed method approach. The study uses semi-structured interviews, concentrating on ‘how’ and ‘why’ questions, aiming to investigate how institutional investors assess the selected elements of the JCGC in terms of their effect on the perceived reliability of the audit report and the level of the audit expectation gap. The study also uses a fully crossed 2 level factorial experiment based on the repeated measures technique, thus forming 16 possible combinations of the four independent variables (i.e. 16 scenarios). In the survey, each subject was requested to provide their assessment of the two dependent variables in each of the 16 scenarios. The interviews deliver an in-depth understanding of the investors’ perceptions regarding the selected elements of the JCGC and facilitate the interpretation of the study’s experimental results. It was predicted that the sophisticated investors may make decisions regarding the assessment of audits and auditors differently from unsophisticated investors. Therefore this study focused on financial analysts as an important type of sophisticated investor from the following types of institutional investors: banks, insurance companies, brokerage houses, investment companies and funds. An analysis of 47 completed surveys and ten interviews suggested that external auditors’ independence had the greatest effect on the perceived reliability of the audit report while, contrary to the existing literature, corporate accountability had the greatest influence on the perceived level of the audit expectation gap. Several other significant interactions have been identified between the study variables. One-third of the overall effect size in relation to the perceived reliability of the audit report is attributed to interaction between the independent variables, whilst approximately one-quarter of the overall effect size in relation to the level of the audit expectation gap is attributed to interaction between the independent variables. This indicates that institutional investors configurally process decision making information when considering the influence of the selected elements of the Jordanian corporate governance code. This has policy implications for the Jordanian regulating bodies.
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Ireland, Cairen D. "Racial Profiling in Education: A Study of Teacher Perceptions of Students in Special Education." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2020. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/933.
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African American males have performed near the bottom of the educational hierarchy in America for centuries. Though some improvements have been noted in the last several decades, educational statistics illustrate the achievement gap still persists between African American and White students (Hanushek, 2016). Disaggregated data show disparities in academic performance, high school drop-out rates, and college completion rates. African American males as early as kindergarten are also facing harsher discipline in schools and Black boys are often excluded from gifted and advanced placement courses and other educational opportunities (Howard, 2010). Yet, this population is over-referred and overrepresented in special education, particularly in eligibility categories like emotional disturbance and intellectual disability. Researchers state White, monolingual females make up the majority of the teacher workforce across the country. Theorists also posited the teacher is the single most important factor in school success and their beliefs about students have a tremendous impact on efficacy and outcomes (Noguera, 2012). These assertions are significant. If teachers have had very little exposure to students of other racial or ethnic backgrounds or have a negative attitude toward students of color based on the master narrative, it will inevitably show up in their discourse, pedagogical practice, and student outcomes.
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Johannesson, Per. "Organizational Alignment : Perceptions, Processes and Strategy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-335887.
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The purpose of the study and following thesis is to investigate how employees in a R&D department perceive the product development process. Review of present process documentation aims at identifying potential discrepancies between the process as it is designed and the way it´s used. The company is operating in a regulatory environment and have recently merged with another company. The company is aligning different processes and work teams. The result indicates that the organization will benefit from working with processes with an inclusive approach, i.e. involve employees working in the process. The process studied is a global process i.e. the process is used at multiple sites. This presents challenges for local adaptations. By actively involving employees a common understanding of the challenges can be achieved which will increase engagement and commitment. The organization will also benefit by looking at the organization from a process perspective. Aligning process goals with departmental goals can be achieved by developing processand department strategies based on overall organizational objectives and the organizational context. The underlying principles for the study are the foundations of TQM. Relevant tools, such as the improvement wheel (PDCA) and GAP-analysis, that can be used for business improvements are presented.
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Finau, Lynette Suliana Sikahema. "Teachers of Color's Perception on Identity and Academic Success: A Reflective Narrative." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1629127636689077.
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Louveton, Nicolas. "Le contrôle continu de l'interception d'un créneau temporel en mouvement : Le cas de la traversée d'intersection." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795589.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier le comportement de traversée d'intersection en conduite automobile sous l'angle des actions visuellement guidées. Dans l'introduction, nous montrons que les principales études portant sur la traversée d'intersection se sont focalisées sur les processus de jugement perceptif ; or nous montrons que la compréhension de cette activité pourrait être affinée en utilisant les concepts de la théorie de la perception directe et ceux issus de l'étude du controle moteur. Notre revue de questions nous conduit à rapprocher la tache de traversée d'intersection à l'intérieur d'un créneau libre du trafic à celle d'interception de cible se déplaçant horizontalement. Or, dans le cadre des taches d'interception, il a été démontré que la stratégie d'angle de relèvement constant (i.e., Constant Bearing Angle, CBA) a un fort pouvoir explicatif vis-à-vis des données expérimentales. Nous avons donc tiré partie des outils de simulation automobile pour tester la plausibilité de l'utilisation d'une telle stratégie par les conducteurs. Dans le premier chapitre expérimental, nous montrons qu'il est légitime d'étudier le couplage perception-action dans ce type de tache et que les conducteurs adoptent des régulations comportementales proches de celles observées dans une tache d'interception de mobile. Le second chapitre expérimental nous permet de mettre en évidence l'utilisation conjointe par les conducteurs d'informations relatives au créneau du trafic (supports globaux) et aux véhicules (supports locaux). Enfin, dans le dernier chapitre expérimental, nous mettons en évidence que les conducteurs n'utilisent pas exclusivement le taux de changement de l'angle de relèvement comme information visuelle mais qu'ils utilisent aussi l'expansion optique des véhicules du trafic. Nous concluons ce travail en montrant comment nos résultats nous permettent d'interpréter sous un autre angle ceux obtenus avec une méthodologie fondée uniquement sur les jugements perceptifs. Enfin, nous proposons des perspectives expérimentales en envisageant la manipulation des capacités d'action des conducteurs ainsi que des perspectives appliquées en envisageant l'utilisation de nos résultats dans le contexte de la conception d'un système d'assistance à la conduite.
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Silva, Wagner Lima da. "Segurança da informação: um estudo sobre a percepção do usuário da informação contábil." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2012. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/891.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-23Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
Information security has become an issue that reaches the organizations, once it puts at risk the continuity of the businesses. As the accounting is the responsible area for consolidating all the information of the organization, it becomes relevant evaluate the perception of users of accounting information regarding the subject. This research, on the basis of literature review identified six constructs of information security (Integrity, Availability, Confidentiality, Equipment, Policies and Procedures and People). These constructs had been used in a survey electronic questionnaire, where one sample composed by 129 users of accounting information from various Brazilian organizations provided their perceptions regarding information security. These data allowed the realization of a gap analysis which consisted in comparing the means of assessment (how the respondent evaluates information security in your organization) and importance (how much the respondent considers information security important) attributed to each construct of information security. As a result, it was evidenced the existence of statistically significant gaps for all the six constructs of information security checked, showing that the organizations are giving less importance to the matter than expected by respondents. The users of accounting information are aware of the importance of information security and had shown to be unsatisfied with the equipment, policies and procedures used to guarantee the information security in the organizations. People construct presented the largest gap of this research, suggesting that the organizations face difficulties to control the human component in information security, and people are not aware of the importance of their role in the effectiveness of information security in the organizations. The research findings suggest that managers should focus their efforts on employee awareness and implementation of security policies and procedures, aiming at the establishment of information security culture in the organization.
A segurança da informação se tornou um problema que atinge as organizações, uma vez que coloca em risco a continuidade dos negócios. Sendo a contabilidade a área responsável por consolidar todas as informações da organização, torna-se relevante avaliar a percepção dos usuários da informação contábil a respeito do tema. Esta pesquisa, com base na revisão da literatura, identificou seis construtos de segurança da informação (Integridade,Disponibilidade, Confidencialidade, Equipamentos, Políticas e Procedimentos e Pessoas).Estes construtos foram utilizados em um questionário eletrônico do tipo survey, em que uma amostra composta por 129 usuários da informação contábil de diversas organizações brasileiras forneceram a sua percepção a respeito da segurança da informação. Estes dados possibilitaram a realização de uma análise de gap que consistiu na comparação das médias de avaliação (como o respondente avalia a segurança da informação na sua organização) e importância (o quanto o respondente considera a segurança da informação importante) atribuída a cada construto de segurança da informação. Como resultado, constatou-se a existência de gaps estatisticamente significativos para todos os seis construtos de segurança da informação estudados, evidenciando que as organizações estão atribuindo menor importância ao tema do que o esperado pelos respondentes. Os usuários da informação contábil estão conscientes da importância da segurança da informação e demonstraram estarem insatisfeitos com os equipamentos, políticas e procedimentos utilizados para garantir a segurança da informação nas organizações. O construto Pessoas apresentou o maior gap desta pesquisa, sugerindo que as organizações enfrentam dificuldades para controlar o componente humano na segurança da informação, e as pessoas não estão conscientes da importância do seu papel para a eficácia da segurança da informação nas organizações. Os resultados desta pesquisa sugerem que os gestores devem direcionar seus esforços na conscientização dos funcionários e na implantação de políticas e procedimentos de segurança, objetivando a instituição da cultura de segurança da informação na organização.
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Fulton, Susan E. "The Effects of Aging on Temporal Masking." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1636.
Full textAbstract:
The ability to resolve rapid intensity and frequency fluctuations in sound is important for understanding speech, especially in real-world environments that include background noise and reverberation. Older listeners often complain of difficulties understanding speech in such real-world environments. One factor thought to influence speech understanding in noisy and reverberant environments is temporal resolution, the ability to follow rapid acoustic changes over time. Temporal resolution is thought to help listeners resolve rapid acoustic changes in speech as well as use small glimpses of speech available in the dips or gaps in the background sounds. Temporal resolution is an ability that is known to deteriorate with age and hearing loss, negatively affecting the ability to understand speech in noisy real-world environments.
Measures of temporal resolution, including temporal masking, gap detection, and speech in interrupted noise, use a silent gap as the cue of interest. Temporal masking and speech in interrupted noise tasks measure how well a listener resolves a stimulus before, after, or between sounds (i.e., within a silent gap), while gap detection tasks measure how well the listener resolves the timing of a silent gap itself. A listener needs to resolve information within the gap and the timing of the gap when listening to speech in background sounds. This study examined the role of aging and hearing loss on three measures of temporal resolution: temporal masking, gap detection, and speech understanding in interrupted noise. For all three measures, participants were young listeners with normal hearing (n = 8, mean age = 25.4 years) and older listeners with hearing loss (n = 9, mean age = 72.1 years).
Results showed significant differences between listener groups for all three temporal measures. Specifically, older listeners with hearing loss had higher temporal masked thresholds, larger gap detection thresholds, and required a higher signal-to-noise ratio for speech understanding in interrupted noise. Relations between temporal tasks were observed. Temporal masked thresholds and gap detection thresholds accounted for a significant amount of the variance in speech-in-noise scores. Findings suggest that deficits in temporal resolution abilities may contribute to the speech-in-noise difficulties reported by older listeners.
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Elangovan, Saravanan, Nicole Payne, Jacek Smurzynski, and Marc A. Fagelson. "Musical Training Influences Auditory Temporal Processing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1551.
Full textAbstract:
Background: A link between musical expertise and auditory temporal processing abilities was examined.
Material and methods: Trained musicians (n=13) and non-musicians (n=12) were tested on speech tasks (phonetic identification, speech recognition in noise) and non-speech tasks (temporal gap detection).
Results: Results indicated musicians had shorter between-channel gap detection thresholds and sharper phonetic identification functions, suggesting that perceptual reorganization following musical training assists basic temporal auditory processes.
Conclusions: In general, our results provide a conceptual advance in understanding how musical training influences speech processing, an ability which, when impaired, can affect speech and reading competency.
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Breedlove, Crystal V. "Subjective Disciplinary Moments: A Qualitative Study of Culturally Responsive Practices in Three Inner City Classrooms." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/85905.
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Urban EducationPh.D.
African American students constitute 17% of the student population in the United States of America and 36% of suspensions and 32% of expulsions; European American students comprise 59% of this population and 44% of suspensions and expulsions. This disproportionate rate is termed the discipline gap. The most discussed gap in the current discourse on educational statistics has been the achievement gap with numerous studies examining the need for cultural relevancy and consistent conceptual arguments made which present teachers' stereotypical perceptions of African American students as a causative factor of African American students' lack of engagement in public school classrooms. These studies and arguments provide the foundation for the emerging discussions on the discipline gap. Studies investigating this gap have found that the majority of disciplinary moments experienced by African American students are subjective in nature. The current qualitative case study design examines these Subjective Disciplinary Moments by exploring the disciplinary practices of three middle grades teachers in an urban school. The disciplinary reports submitted by these teachers were examined and follow-up interviews were conducted with the teacher and reported students (see Appendices E and F). Grounded theory methods were employed to analyze collected data and extrapolate themes from observed interactions and each participant's perception of these reported incidents. The following emerged as contributing to the construction of subjective disciplinary moments in these inner-city classrooms: not addressing student and teacher expectations explicitly, perceptions of race, class and culture not considered as a reason for understanding and not acknowledging the emotional life in the classroom.
Temple University--Theses
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Leigh-Paffenroth, Elizabeth D., and Saravanan Elangovan. "Temporal Processing in Low-Frequency Channels: Effects of Age and Hearing Loss in Middle-Aged Listeners." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1553.
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Background: Hearing loss and age interfere with the auditory system's ability to process temporal changes in the acoustic signal. A key unresolved question is whether high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (HFSNHL) affects temporal processing in the low-frequency region where hearing loss is minimal or nonexistent. A second unresolved question is whether changes in hearing occur in middle-aged subjects in the absence of HFSNHL.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the influence of HFSNHL and aging on the auditory temporal processing abilities of low-frequency auditory channels with normal hearing sensitivity and (2) to examine the relations among gap detection measures, self-assessment reports of understanding speech, and functional measures of speech perception in middle-aged individuals with and without HFSNHL.
Research Design: The subject groups were matched for either age (middle age) or pure-tone sensitivity (with or without hearing loss) to study the effects of age and HFSNHL on behavioral and functional measures of temporal processing and word recognition performance. These effects were analyzed by individual repeated-measures analyses of variance. Post hoc analyses were performed for each significant main effect and interaction. The relationships among the measures were analyzed with Pearson correlations.
Study Sample: Eleven normal-hearing young adults (YNH), eight normal-hearing middle-aged adults (MANH), and nine middle-aged adults with HFSNHL were recruited for this study. Normal hearing sensitivity was defined as pure-tone thresholds ≤25 dB HL for octave frequencies from 250 to 8000 Hz. HFSNHL was defined as pure-tone thresholds ≤25 dB HL from 250 to 2000 Hz and ≥35 dB HL from 3000 to 8000 Hz.
Data Collection and Analysis: Gap detection thresholds (GDTs) were measured under within-channel and between-channel conditions with the stimulus spectrum limited to regions of normal hearing sensitivity for the HFSNHL group (i.e., <2000 >Hz). Self-perceived hearing problems were measured by a questionnaire (Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit), and word recognition performance was assessed under four conditions: quiet and babble, with and without low-pass filtering (cutoff frequency = 2000 Hz).
Results: The effects of HFSNHL and age were found for gap detection, self-perceived hearing problems, and word recognition in noise. The presence of HFSNHL significantly increased GDTs for stimuli presented in regions of normal pure-tone sensitivity. In addition, middle-aged subjects with normal hearing sensitivity reported significantly more problems hearing in background noise than the young normal-hearing subjects. Significant relationships between self-report measures of hearing ability in background noise and word recognition in babble were found.
Conclusions: The conclusions from the present study are twofold: (1) HFSNHL may have an off-channel impact on auditory temporal processing, and (2) presenescent changes in the auditory system of MANH subjects increased self-perceived problems hearing in background noise and decreased functional performance in background noise compared with YNH subjects.
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Usry, Thomas Watson. "Georgia superintendents' perceptions of the minority achievement gap." Click here to access dissertation, 2008. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2008/thomas_w_usry/usry_thomas_w_200801_edd.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ed.D.)--Georgia Southern University, 2008."A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education." Under the direction of Charles A. Reavis. ETD. Electronic version approved: May 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-136) and appendices.
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Al-Rayes, Raed N. "Measuring service excellence in banking industry using an integrated approach. An empirical study in the Saudi context." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3740.
Full textAbstract:
The research sought to investigate the Critical Excellence Factors (CEFs) that drive
Excellence in banking industry. Moreover, it examines whether customers perceive
the service of an excellent bank differently from a less-excellent bank.
Three hypotheses were formed then tested through case study and survey strategy
(triangulation), within the Saudi banking industry context. The study combines the
EFQM excellence model as an internal assessment tool (case studies), with the
SERVQUAL gap model for external assessment (questionnaires). Analysing and
contrasting the two sets of results allowed the study to achieve its main objective.
Based on the empirical work, the study identifies several CEFs that must be carefully
considered when driving excellence in banking. These factors were proposed in a
generic integrated model for driving Excellence in Banking.
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Al-Rayes, Raed Nasser. "Measuring service excellence in banking industry using an integrated approach : an empirical study in the Saudi context." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3740.
Full textAbstract:
The research sought to investigate the Critical Excellence Factors (CEFs) that drive Excellence in banking industry. Moreover, it examines whether customers perceive the service of an excellent bank differently from a less-excellent bank. Three hypotheses were formed then tested through case study and survey strategy (triangulation), within the Saudi banking industry context. The study combines the EFQM excellence model as an internal assessment tool (case studies), with the SERVQUAL gap model for external assessment (questionnaires). Analysing and contrasting the two sets of results allowed the study to achieve its main objective. Based on the empirical work, the study identifies several CEFs that must be carefully considered when driving excellence in banking. These factors were proposed in a generic integrated model for driving Excellence in Banking.
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Landgraf, Bradley. "Funding Inequity and the Achievement Gap| Statistical Relationships and Administrator Perceptions." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10272279.
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The gaps of school funding and student achievement are particularly pronounced in Illinois, raising statewide concerns about the inequity of school funding and the injustice of the achievement gap. While Illinois educators generally recognize the differences in funding levels and achievement levels in Illinois schools, studies to determine the relationships between the two are lacking. This study examines the relationship between per pupil spending and student achievement in Illinois elementary schools. This study also examines the relationship between student achievement and racial composition of the school and between student achievement and poverty level of the school. Additionally, relationships between per pupil spending and racial composition of the school and per pupil spending and poverty level of the school are examined. Finally, this study investigates the perceptions of principals on how funding inequity in their school affects student achievement.
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Bornman, Dawie. "A gap analysis of employee perceptions and expectations of leadership communication." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53005.
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Caster, JoAnna, and Dana Linnes. "Internal Branding in Multinational Firms : A gap analysis of internal stakeholder perceptions." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26195.
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Authors: JoAnna Caster & Dana Linnes Tutor: Setayesh Sattari Title: Internal Branding in Multinational Firms- A Gap Analysis of Internal Stakeholder Perceptions Background: As globalization increases, the topic of internal branding has grown in popularity, particularly as a way for firms to secure a competitive advantage in the global marketplace. The topic is quite new however, and there are many aspects that have not been fully explored, including the influence of internal stakeholder perceptions on a firm’s internal brand and related support activities. Purpose: The purpose of this research study is to 1) identify whether a gap exists between employee and manager perceptions of a firm’s internal brand and internal branding activities and 2) investigate the influence of a firm’s country of origin on those perceptions. Delimitations: The study was limited to only medium and large sized firms that have international operations. Additionally, only internal stakeholders were included in the study and the research was limited to respondent’s perceptions, and not necessarily the actual internal brand and related supporting processes or structures. Method: The research was qualitative and data was collected via 24 in-depth interviews of managerial and non-managerial employees at 10 medium and large sized firms. The data was then analyzed using a pattern-matching technique. Conclusions: Perceptions of both managerial and non-managerial employees did not indicate significant gaps, however there seemed to be an unclear understanding of what an internal brand is and what respondent’s firm’s internal brand represents. Also, the country of origin did not have a significant influence on those perceptions, as most respondents indicated that they perceived their firm’s internal brand as primarily “global.” Keywords: internal branding, internal brand, international marketing, marketing strategy, stakeholder perceptions, internal marketing orientation, human resource management, country of origin
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Williams, Frederick Douglas. "Perceptions of ability grouping and its possible contribution to the achievement gap." Thesis, College of Saint Elizabeth, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3559743.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this mixed methodology study was to explore the perceptions of ability grouping and its possible contribution to the achievement gap within the high school. The researcher asserted that course placement criterion, associated with the College Prep, Honors and Advanced placement ability groups, serve as contributing factors towards maintaining an achievement gap between White, Asian, Black and Hispanic students. The study revealed stakeholder perceptions and concerns regarding the methods involved to place students in College Prep, Honors and Advanced Placement courses as a contributing factor towards maintaining the achievement gap that exists within the district. This study focused on the following research questions: (1) What are the specific beliefs, roles, and influences of teachers, administrators, counselors, students, and parents when determining ability level placement in school? (2) What key factors shape teacher's perceptions of students relative to academic achievement and placement? (3) Does a course placement criterion contribute to the achievement gap? The findings were based upon four data sources: focus groups conducted with parents, teachers/counselors, and students; interviews conducted with three district administrators; an on-line survey completed by parents, students, teachers/counselors and administrators; and a review of archival data regarding course enrollment and High School Proficiency Assessment scores over a period of three academic years.
This action research dissertation revealed fifteen findings of which four themes emerged. The themes are: (1) Beliefs, values, and influences of teachers, parents, and students affect ability grouping decisions; (2) A student's perceived work ethic and grades earned in previous classes influence teacher's decisions regarding ability placement; (3) The parent's right to overrule teacher course recommendations and course placement criterion contribute towards the achievement gap; and (4) Course enrollment and standardized test scores demonstrate the existence of an achievement gap in Central Jersey High School.
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Lindgren, Sophie, and Amanda Tuvhag. "Corporate Social Responsibility : The future of business or just a beautiful surface?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19837.
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Master Thesis in Marketing,SchoolofBusinessandEconomicsat Linnaeus University, spring 2012 Authors: Sophie Lindgren and Amanda Tuvhag Title: Corporate Social Responsibility – A successful business strategy or just a trend? Purpose: First of all, this thesis wants to describe managers’ expectations regarding customers’ perception about their retail stores CSR initiatives and furthermore their implemented CSR initiatives. Secondly, to describe customer awareness and engagement towards retail stores CSR initiatives. Finally, to compare the results from retail store and customers, in purpose to identify possible gaps between these two. Research questions:RQ1: What expectations regarding customers’ perception of retail stores CSR initiatives do manager of such stores have and how do they perform CSR activities? RQ2: How aware are customer regarding retail stores CSR initiative and what level of engagement do customer have concerning retail stores CSR activities? Method: The empirical material is based on both a quantitative and a qualitative investigation. The quantitative investigation is the main study and contains of a customer survey whereby the collected sample consist of 150 respondents. A pilot study have been conducted in order to improve the intension of the survey. Further, the qualitative investigation contains five in-depth semi-strucutred interviews with local store managers of the selected retail stores. Conclusion: Customer thinks retail stores CSR initiatives are important, but they seldom support them. Retail store expect customers to value CSR products/action low in relation to other factors, but retail store are engaging themselves in several CSR actions. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), marketing strategy, business ethics, sustainability, reputation, food industry, retailers, gap-model, perception, customer, retail store industry, expectation, environmentally certified, ecological products, fair trade.