Academic literature on the topic 'Gap-graded soils'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Gap-graded soils.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Gap-graded soils"
1
Rahardjo, Harianto, Alfrendo Satyanaga, Gabriele A. R. D'Amore, and Eng-Choon Leong. "Soil–water characteristic curves of gap-graded soils." Engineering Geology 125 (January 2012): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.11.009.
Full text
2
Dassanayake, S. M., and A. Mousa. "Flow dependent constriction-size distribution in gap-graded soils: a statistical inference." Géotechnique Letters 12, no. 1 (March 2022): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgele.21.00039.
Full textAbstract:
The clogging–unclogging process in gap-graded soils is a result of the migration of seepage-driven fines, which subsequently induces measurable changes in the local hydraulic gradients. This process can be temporally observed in the variations of Darcy's hydraulic conductivity (K). The current study proposes an integrated statistical Monte Carlo approach combining the discrete-element method and two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations to estimate the flow-dependent constriction-size distribution (CSD) for a gap-graded soil. The computational inferences were supported with experimental results using an internally stable soil, which was subjected to one-dimensional flow stimulating desired hydraulic loadings: a hydraulic gradient lower than the critical gradient applied as a multi-staged loading pattern. The 35th percentile size of the flow-dependent CSD (Dc35) for both internally stable and unstable gap-graded soils becomes approximately equal to Dc35 at steady state. However, a greater variation of larger constrictions persists for the unstable soils. This pilot study has shown the applicability of the proposed method to estimate flow-dependent CSD for a wide range of experimentally observed K values.
3
MacRobert, Charles John, Peter William Day, and Irvin Luker. "Strength changes during internal erosion of gap-graded soils." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnical Engineering 172, no. 4 (August 2019): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.18.00064.
Full text
4
Annapareddy, V. S. R., A. Sufian, T. Bore, M. Bajodek, and A. Scheuermann. "Computation of local permeability in gap-graded granular soils." Géotechnique Letters 12, no. 1 (March 2022): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgele.21.00131.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes semi-analytical methods to obtain the local permeability for granular soils based on indirect measurements of the local porosity profile in a large coaxial cell permeameter using spatial time-domain reflectometry. The porosity profile is used to obtain the local permeability using the modified Kozeny–Carman and Katz–Thompson equations, which incorporated an effective particle diameter that accounted for particle migration within the permeameter. The profiles of the local permeability obtained from the proposed methods are compared with experimentally obtained permeability distributions using pressure measurements and flow rate. The permeabilities obtained with the proposed methods are comparable with the experimentally obtained permeabilities and are within one order of magnitude deviation, which is an acceptable range for practical applications.
5
Fredlund, Murray D., D. G. Fredlund, and G. Ward Wilson. "An equation to represent grain-size distribution." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-015.
Full textAbstract:
The grain-size distribution is commonly used for soil classification; however, there is also potential to use the grain-size distribution as a basis for estimating soil behaviour. For example, much emphasis has recently been placed on the estimation of the soil-water characteristic curve. Many methods proposed in the literature use the grain-size distribution as a starting point to estimate the soil-water characteristic curve. Two mathematical forms are presented to represent grain-size distribution curves, namely, a unimodal form and a bimodal form. The proposed equations provide methods for accurately representing uniform, well-graded soils, and gap-graded soils. The five-parameter unimodal equation provides a closer fit than previous two-parameter, log-normal equations used to fit uniform and well-graded soils. The unimodal equation also improves representation of the silt- and clay-sized portions of the grain-size distribution curve.Key words: grain-size distribution, sieve analysis, hydrometer analysis, soil classification, probability density function.
6
Wang, Tao, Sihong Liu, Yan Feng, and Jidu Yu. "Compaction Characteristics and Minimum Void Ratio Prediction Model for Gap-Graded Soil-Rock Mixture." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122584.
Full textAbstract:
Gap-graded soil-rock mixtures (SRMs), composed of coarse-grained rocks and fine-grained soils particles, are very inhomogeneous materials and widely encountered in geoengineering. In geoengineering applications, it is necessary to know the compaction characteristics in order to estimate the minimum void ratio of gap-graded SRMs. In this paper, the void ratios of compacted SRMs as well as the particle breakage during vibrating compaction were investigated through a series of vibrating compaction tests. The test results show that gap-graded SRMs may reach a smaller void ratio than the SRM with a continuous gradation under some circumstances. When the particles in a gap interval play the role of filling components, the absence of them will increase the void ratio of the SRM. The particle breakage of gap-graded SRMs is more prominent than the SRM with continuous gradation on the whole, especially at the gap interval of 5–20 mm. Based on the test results, a minimum void ratio prediction model incorporating particle breakage during compaction is proposed. The developed model is evaluated by the compaction test results and its validation is discussed.
7
Liang, Yue, Tian-Chyi Jim Yeh, Yuanyuan Zha, Junjie Wang, Mingwei Liu, and Yonghong Hao. "Onset of suffusion in gap-graded soils under upward seepage." Soils and Foundations 57, no. 5 (October 2017): 849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2017.08.017.
Full text
8
Chang, Wen-Jong, Chi-Wen Chang, and Jhang-Kai Zeng. "Liquefaction characteristics of gap-graded gravelly soils in K0 condition." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 56 (January 2014): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.10.005.
Full text
9
Artigaut, Marion, Adnan Sufian, Xiaoxiao Ding, Tom Shire, and Catherine O'Sullivan. "Influence of stress anisotropy on stress distributions in gap-graded soils." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 14007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199214007.
Full textAbstract:
The behaviour of gap graded soils comprising non-plastic fines (sand or silt) mixed with a coarser sand or gravel fraction has received attention from researchers interested in internal instability under seepage loading (a form of internal erosion) as well as researchers interested in load:deformation responses. Skempton and Brogan [1] postulated that resistance to seepage induced instability depends upon the proportion of the overall applied stress that is transmitted by the finer fraction. Shire et al. [2] explored Skempton and Brogan’s hypothesis using DEM simulations to look at the proportion of the applied stress transmitted by the finer fractions (α) in ideal isotropic samples. They showed that at low fines contents (FC< FC*) the average stress transmitted by the finer grains is less than the applied stress (α<1), while for FC>FC+ the fines play a key role in stress transmission (α>1); for FC*<FC< FC+, α depends on the sample density. The current contribution describes a series of constant p’ DEM triaxial test simulations carried out to assess the evolution of stress heterogeneity with shearing. The simulation data generated indicate that a sample can transition from being fines dominated (with the fines transmitting a significant proportion of the applied stress and α ≥1) to coarse or sand- dominated (with α <1) as the material dilates during shear deformation. While α reduces as the samples dilate, the relationship between the α and the sample void ratio is non-trivial. The anisotropy of the coarse-coarse contact network exceeds the overall contact force anisotropy; this indicates that the deviator stress is transmitted through a strong force network passing through the coarse-coarse contacts supported by the fine-coarse contacts.
10
Shi, X. S., Jidong Zhao, Jianhua Yin, and Zhijie Yu. "An elastoplastic model for gap-graded soils based on homogenization theory." International Journal of Solids and Structures 163 (May 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2018.12.017.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Gap-graded soils"
1
Morgenroth, Justin. "The Effect of Porous Concrete Paving on Underlying Soil Conditions and Growth of Platanus orientalis." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5112.
Full textAbstract:
Urbanisation is characterised by mass migration of people to urban areas and conversion of land from rural to urban land uses. Changes in population dynamics have led to half the world’s population living in urban areas; in developed countries, urban dwellers account for three-quarters of the total population. Though populations have shifted from rural to urban areas, people continue to rely on their environment, and trees in particular, for tangible and intangible benefits alike. A great deal of factual and anecdotal knowledge supports the role of trees for ecological, social, and economic well-being. In spite of this, during urbanisation, previously vegetated land is converted to housing, roads, or utility corridors, all of which are necessary to support growing populations.
This thesis investigates tree growth in these modified urban landscapes, in particular, the effects of pavements on urban trees. Pavements are truly pervasive, covering more than half of all land in highly developed urban areas. Their durability and strength are of great importance to transportation, but large-scale soil sealing is not without consequence. Pavements affect the hydrologic cycle, soil and air temperature, and nutrient cycling. Because of their effect on the surrounding environment, pavements inherently affect remnant or planted trees. They are believed to negatively affect tree growth and survival, thereby compromising the ecological, social, and economic benefits otherwise derived from the urban forest.
In recent times, porous pavements have been increasingly installed in favour of impervious pavements. Porous pavements are perceived to be an environmentally-sound alternative to standard impervious pavements. This thesis begins by reviewing the literature concerning porous pavement’s effect on underlying soil and urban vegetation, thus illustrating the scarcity of empirical data describing the effect of porous pavement on tree growth. A greater understanding of porous pavement’s impact on the surrounding environment is needed, if its installation is to continue.
With this aim in mind, this thesis describes an experiment in Christchurch, New Zealand, which monitored the impacts of porous and impervious pavement on underlying soil conditions, and subsequent tree growth. The experiment comprised 50 Platanus orientalis trees planted in an augmented factorial design, which consisted of controls and four treatments. Trees were split evenly amongst plots, such that ten replicates existed per treatment. The pavement treatments measured 2.3m by 2.3m, and were based on the combination of pavement type (2 levels: porous, impervious) and pavement profile design (2 levels: +/- subbase compaction and gravel base). The resulting four treatments were impervious concrete pavement (IP), impervious concrete pavement with compacted subbase and gravel base (IP+), porous concrete pavement (PP), and porous concrete pavement with compacted subbase and gravel base (PP+). From December 2007 to March 2009, data were collected to determine the effect of these treatments on soil moisture, aeration, pH, and nutrient concentration. Final tree height, stem diameter, shoot and root biomass, and root distribution were also measured at the conclusion of the experiment.
Results of this experiment indicated that the effects of pavement porosity on soil moisture and aeration were dynamic, varying with season and soil depth. Increased soil moisture beneath porous pavements resulted from rapid infiltration following precipitation. This decreased the duration of plant stress resulting from drought. Relative to bare soil, paved plots had consistently greater soil moisture, likely because pavements reduced evaporation. The inclusion of a gravel base in the profile design limited capillary upflow, which resulted in lower soil moisture under pavements designed with a gravel base. Soil aeration was significantly lower beneath pavements relative to unpaved plots. This is likely related to greater soil moisture beneath pavements. Finally, soil pH increased beneath pavements, in particular beneath porous pavements.
Though all growth parameters increased for trees surrounded by porous, rather than impervious pavement, this occurred only in the absence of a compacted subgrade and gravel base. Evidently, the impact of the compacted subgrade superseded the impact of pavement porosity. Furthermore, root growth was relatively shallow beneath pavements, likely due to favourable soil moisture directly beneath pavements.
This research highlights (i) the dramatic effect of pavements on underlying soil conditions; (ii) that pavements do not inherently limit tree growth; (iii) that porous pavements can conditionally improve tree growth; and (iv) that soil compaction limits potential benefits resulting from porous pavements.
2
de, Frias Lopez Ricardo. "Granular Materials for Transport Infrastructures : Mechanical performance of coarse–fine mixtures for unbound layers through DEM analysis." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195598.
Full textAbstract:
Granular materials are widely used as unbound layers within the infrastructure system playing a significant role on performance and maintenance. However, fields like pavement and railway engineering still heavily rely on empirically-based models owing to the complex behaviour of these materials, which partly stems from their discrete nature. In this sense, the discrete element method (DEM) presents a numerical alternative to study the behaviour of discrete systems with explicit consideration of the processes at particulate level governing the macroscopic response. This thesis aims at providing micromechanical insight into the effect of different particle sizes on the load-bearing structure of granular materials and its influence on the resilient modulus and permanent deformation response, both of which are greatly influenced by the stress level. In order to accomplish this, binary mixtures of elastic spheres under axisymmetric stress are studied using DEM as the simplest expression for gap-graded materials, which in turn also can be seen as a simplification of more complex mixtures. First, the effect of the fines content on the force transmission at contact level was studied. Results were used to define a soil fabric classification system where the roles of the coarse and fine fractions were defined and quantified in terms of force transmission. A behavioural correspondence between numerical mixtures and granular materials was established, where the mixtures were able to reproduce some of the most significant features regarding the resilient modulus and permanent strain dependency on stress level for granular materials. A good correlation between soil fabric and performance was also found. Generally, higher resilient modulus and lower deformation values were observed for interactive fabrics, whereas the opposite held for instable fabrics. Mixtures of elastic spheres are far from granular materials, where numerous additional factors should be considered. Nevertheless, it is the author’s belief that this work provides insight into the soil fabric structure and its effect on the macroscopic response of granular materials.Grus i form av krossat bergmaterial används i stor utsträckning som obundna bär- och förstärkningslager inom tranportinfrastrukturen och spelar där en viktig roll för verkningsätt, drift och underhåll. Det finns emellertid begränsad kunskap om de fundamentala mekanismerna på partikelnivå (d.v.s. enskilda gruskorn), mekanismer som styr det makromekaniska verkningssättet. Områden såsom väg- och järnvägsbyggnad bygger fortfarande väsentligen på empiriskta baserade modeller p.g.a. dessa materials komplexa uppträdande under belastning. Denna komplexitet beror delvis på den diskreta naturen hos problemet vilket innebär att traditionell matematisk modellering som vore materialen homogena och kontinuerliga, blir inadekvat. Mot denna bakgrund utgör den s.k. diskreta elementmetoden (DEM) ett numeriskt alternativ för att studera verkningssätt hos diskreta system där man explicit beaktar mekanismerna på partikelnivå. Denna avhandling, som baseras på tre vetenskapliga bidrag, syftar till att ge mikromekaniska insikter vad gäller effekten av olika partikelstorlekar på bärförmågan hos grusmateral och dess inverkan på styvhet och motstånd mot permanenta deformationer. Båda dessa parametrar påverkas kraftigt av spänningsnivån och kan studeras genom triaxialförsök. För att undersöka detta studerades med hjälp av DEM binära blandningar av elastiska kulor – den enklaste modellen av grusmaterial med språng i fördelningskurvan – som utsattes för axialsymmetrisk belastning. Denna modell kan i sin tur ses som en förenkling av mer komplexa blandningar. Inledningsvis studerades effekten av finpartikelinnehållet på partikelkontakternas kraftöverföring. Resultaten användes för att klassificera olika typer av skelettstrukturer i grusmaterialet där den finare och den grövre fraktionens roller kvantifierades med utgångspunkt från kraftöverföringen i stället för från det makromekaniska verkningssättet. Resultaten visade en korrelation vad gäller verkningssättet mellan numeriska blandningar och grusmaterial, där de numeriska blandningarna kunde reproducera några av grusmaterials viktigaste kännetecken vad gäller spänningsberoendet för styvheten vid avlastning och motståndet mot permanent deformation. Vidare visades att styvheten kunde bestämmas ur första belastningscykeln vilket underlättar att övervinna de begränsningar avseende beräkningstid som annars förknippas med DEM. God överensstämmelse mellan grusmaterialets skelettstruktur och verkningssätt kunde också observeras. Generellt observerades högre styvhet och mindre permanenta deformationer för interaktiva skelettstrukturer medan det motsatta gällde för instabila strukturer. Numeriska blandningar av elastiska kulor är långt från verkliga grusmaterial, för vilka ett stort antal ytterligare faktorer måste beaktas. Icke desto mindre är det författarens övertygelse att detta arbete ger insikter i grusmaterialets skelettstruktur och dess effekter på det makromekaniska verkningssättet hos grusmaterial.
QC 20161116
3
Khan, Abdul Sattar. "Experimental study for evaluating the internal stability of gap-graded soils." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14513.
Full textAbstract:
Experience has shown that certain soils may be susceptible to internal erosion. These soils, for example gap-graded and broadly graded (concave-up) soils are vulnerable to migration of the fine fraction during permeation. Factors governing this phenomenon of internal stability may be categorized as geometric constraints (pore size constrictions, porosity and shape of gradation curve) and hydrodynamic actions (seepage force and direction of flow). The objective of this study was to evaluate the success of empirical rules developed for assessing the internal stability of granular media subjected to seepage flow. Specifically, it seeks to examine the influence of hydraulic gradient, vertical effective stress on the susceptibility of reconstituted gradation of glass beads to internal instability with reference to the boundary conditions of the rigid-wall permeameter. A total of twelve multi-stage permeability tests were executed on glass beads specimens of five different gradations. The specimens were reconstituted using a method of slurry preparation and discrete deposition that resulted in repeatable homogeneous specimens. Analysis of results reveals that the Kezdi (1979) proposed for a split gradation analysis could be used, with reasonable confidence, for assessing the internal stability of gap graded soils. In contrast the criterion of Kenny and Lau (1985, 1986), failed to adequately detect and properly differentiate between the gradations, characterised by a completely horizontal gap in the gradation. At a more fundamental level, it appears that potential for internal stability, and particle migration, diminishes with an increase in vertical effective stress. With regard to the apparatus, the influence of the boundary wall condition is very subtle. For specimens that are either prone to segregation or, on the other hand, stable (which are two extreme stability conditions), the boundary wall condition does not exert any influence. Whereas, for the intermediate gradations, it effects the material behaviour.
4
Wang, Jyun-Yen, and 汪俊彥. "Experimental Study on Seepage Failure of Uniform and Gap-Graded Soils." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9s722t.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
100
Soil piping is a hydraulic and geotechnical phenomenon that soil hydraulic fails due to seepage. Soil piping can happen in geotechnical engineering and ecosystem. An upward seepage testing system is developed to study the seepage failure of soil. The testing system consists of a transparent acrylic permeameter, a constant head device and a data acquisition system. Using this test apparatus, a series of experiments on uniform sand and gap-graded sand are carried out to observe the process of seepage failure of specimen and to determine the critical hydraulic gradient. This study found the seepage failure mode is depended on the internal stability of soil which mainly depends on the grain size distribution and can be assessed using stable criteria. Test result shows seepage failure of uniform sand (internally sable soil) typically experiences an expansion of specimen thickness and the liquefaction of specimen, which is associated with the condition of effective stress equals zero. Seepage failure of gap-graded sand (internally unstable soil) is related to the internal erosion of fines which shows the finer particles in specimen will be vigorously eroded out with upward seepage flow, but the coarser particles remain comparatively stable. Further, the critical hydraulic gradients icr of soil obtained from test are compared with the predicted icr using theoretical equation proposed by Terzaghi. It is found the values of icr of uniform sand range from 0.89 to 1.21 which are close to the predicted icr. The values of icr of gap-graded sand range from 0.27 to 0.43 are far lower than the predicted icr. A database of icr of soil is compiled from this study and relevant literatures, and is used to compare different icr prediction methods and identify a best prediction method. Comparison result shows there is no a best methods can accurate predict the icr for all types of soils, but Terzaghi’s equation can predict the icr well of soil which satisfies the stable criterion proposed by Kenny and Lau (1985). Finally, this study is expected to provide the contribution in geotechnical engineering for a better understanding of seepage failure of soil and their critical hydraulic gradient.
5
Wei, Shao-Bang, and 魏韶邦. "Fiber-Reinforced Gap-Graded Soil against Suffusion." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7p2297.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
105
Suffusion is a type of the internal erosion which involves in a selective erosion of the fine particles through the soil skeleton. To better understand the mechanism of the erosion in various soil types and evaluate the improvement of the fiber-reinforced soil under suffusion, a total number of 12 upward seepage tests on three grain size distributions (i.e., two uniform soils and one gap-graded soil) were conducted. The objectives of this study are to investigate the influence of fiber parameters, fiber content and length, on hydraulic behavior and failure modes in fiber-reinforced soil (FRS) and to establish a modified criterion to assess the internal stability of FRS. Experimental results indicates that the inclusion of the fiber can significantly decrease the permeability k and increase the Forchheimer coefficient β. Under the variation of the fiber content and length, the failure mode of suffusion, classified as internally unstable soil, changed to the failure mode of suffosion, classified as internally stable soil. With the increase in fiber content, the onset of the erosion in fines and the shift into transition flow zone were generally postponed, whereas the increase of the fiber length presented minor improvements. For suffusion, the critical hydraulic gradient of failure was increase majorly related with the fiber content; however, the which for the suffosion was increase with the fiber length. In addition, the results of modified criterion in unreinforced cases are in a good agreement with the experimental data in literatures and the which in reinforced cases owns a degree of conservatism.
Book chapters on the topic "Gap-graded soils"
1
Yin, Yanzhou, Yifei Cui, and Yao Jiang. "Microscopic Aspects of Internal Erosion Processes in Gap-Graded Soils." In Dam Breach Modelling and Risk Disposal, 267–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46351-9_27.
Full text
2
Dassanayake, Sandun M., and Ahmad Mousa. "Hydraulic Response of an Internally Stable Gap-Graded Soil Under Variable Hydraulic Loading: A Coupled DEM-Monte Carlo Approach." In Innovative Solutions for Soil Structure Interaction, 25–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34252-4_3.
Full text
3
Gaber, Fahed, and Elisabeth T. Bowman. "The Role of Seepage Flow Rate and Deviatoric Stress on the Onset and Progression of Internal Stability in a Gap-Graded Soil." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 50–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99423-9_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Gap-graded soils"
1
Liu, D., C. O’Sullivan, and J. A. H. Carraro. "Stress Inhomogeneity in Gap-Graded Cohesionless Soils—A Contact Based Perspective." In Geo-Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482803.037.
Full text
2
Correia, R., L. Caldeira, and E. Maranha. "Core crack-filling by upstream gap-graded soils in zoned dams." In The 8th International Conference on Scour and Erosion. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375045-123.
Full text
3
Israr, Jahanzaib, Buddhima Indraratna, and Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn. "Experimental Investigation into Internal Erosion Potential for Granular Filters." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.037.
Full textAbstract:
Internal erosion is a phenomenon whereby the filtrates under the influence of significant seepage forces accompany the finer fraction from potential internally unstable filters (e.g. broadly- and gap-graded soil), occasionally rendering them ineffective. The filter assessment for internal erosion or instability potential is emphasized through particle size distribution based geometrical criteria ignoring the effect of compaction. In this study, the results of hydraulic gradient controlled internal erosion tests conducted over a wide range of compacted sand-gravel mixtures were used to analyse some of the available geometrical criteria, which interestingly showed partial success in assessing the filter’s internal erosion potential. It was revealed that the occurrence of internal erosion is a combined function of particle size distribution and the relative density of soils that had been ignored in many of the existing criteria. A comparison between the assessments obtained from some of the particle size based criteria and that from a constriction size based technique was reported for a large body of published data. It was observed that the latter criterion, which incorporates the effects of both particle size distribution and relative density of soils in tandem, could assess the reported test results with higher accuracy.
4
Aluvihara, Suresh, C. S. Kalpage, and P. W. S. K. Bandaranayake. "The elementary characterization of anthill clay for composite materials." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.i.2.
Full textAbstract:
Anthill clay is a distinct soil/clay genre among common soil types because of the extraordinary stockpiling method. The small particles are carried in and erected an anthill by a small creature that it is called as termite. In generally, clay is a conspicuous raw material for industrial applications greatly and the assay of expediencies of anthill clay for advanced material applications were the prospects of the existing research. Carefully collected anthill clay samples were characterized under the physically and chemically using standard procedures and instruments. The mechanical characteristics of prepared bricks from anthill clays under 8000C were investigated. As the major outcomes of the existing investigation of raw clays, there were looked to 5.56 of PH value, 15% of natural moisture content, gap graded and symmetrically distributed arrangement of grains, 60% finer particle percentage (<0.075mm) according to the weight, composition of Fe, Ti, Ba and K based compounds including Fe minerals with large sorption capacity for other metals. In addition that 25% of water absorption, 2.62 of bulk specific gravity, 65% of apparent porosity, 21 Mpa compressive strength and 0.4 Mpa splitting tensile strength were observed with respect to the bricks which were prepared from the anthill clay. Based on the behaviors of such anthill clay it should be an influential material in the advanced material manufacturing in the industrial purposes such as the water treatments, rigid materials, catalysts and refractors.