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Journal articles on the topic 'Ganoderma'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Hajjaj, Hassan, Catherine Macé, Matthew Roberts, Peter Niederberger, and Laurent B. Fay. "Effect of 26-Oxygenosterols from Ganoderma lucidum and Their Activity as Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 7 (July 2005): 3653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.7.3653-3658.2005.

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ABSTRACT Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus belonging to the Polyporaceae family which has long been known in Japan as Reishi and has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine. We report the isolation and identification of the 26-oxygenosterols ganoderol A, ganoderol B, ganoderal A, and ganoderic acid Y and their biological effects on cholesterol synthesis in a human hepatic cell line in vitro. We also investigated the site of inhibition in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. We found that these oxygenated sterols from G. lucidum inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis via conversion of acetate or mevalonate as a precursor of cholesterol. By incorporation of 24,25-dihydro-[24,25-3H2]lanosterol and [3-3H]lathosterol in the presence of ganoderol A, we determined that the point of inhibition of cholesterol synthesis is between lanosterol and lathosterol. These results demonstrate that the lanosterol 14α-demethylase, which converts 24,25-dihydrolanosterol to cholesterol, can be inhibited by the 26-oxygenosterols from G. lucidum. These 26-oxygenosterols could lead to novel therapeutic agents that lower blood cholesterol.

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2

Boromenskyi, D., N. Bisko, G. Al-Maali, and O. Polishchuk. "The contents of ganoderic acids in mycellium of different Ganoderma species (Ganodermataceae) obtained by different methods of cultivation." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 84, no. 1 (2021): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2021.84.14-18.

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The effect of different cultivation methods on the content of ganoderic acids of 7 species, 10 strains of the Ganoderma genus (Ganoderma applanatum 1899; Ganoderma сarnosum 2502; Ganoderma lucidum 1904; Ganoderma resinaceum 2477, 2503; Ganoderma sinense 2516; Ganoderma tsugae 1848, 2024, 2566, Ganoderma oregonense 2560) genus fungi from the IBK Mushroom Culture Collection M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was investigated. It has been shown that the submerged cultivation method is more efficient for the accumulation of ganoderic acids for five strains. In the mycelium of the strain G. sinense 2516 was the highest content of ganoderic acids – 25.2 ± 1.5 mg / g. The productivity (yeld) of ganoderic acids synthesis is much higher with using the submerged culture cultivation method for mycelium of all used species and strains since the use of this method provides the accumulation of much more biomass in comparison with the static liquid cultivation method. The highest yield amount of ganoderic acids was in the mycelium of the G. tsugae 2024 and G. tsugae 2566 species, namely: 0.35 ± 0.019 and 0.36 ± 0.028 g / l. It was proved that the modified extraction method significantly reduces the extraction time of ganoderic acids. Extraction time is reduced from 14 to 2 days. For the G. sinense 2516 and G. tsugae 2024 strains was determined content of the ganoderic acids and their yield in dynamics of grows in the submerged culture on 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 day of cultivation. The highest amount of the ganoderic acids content was accumulated by the mycelium of the strain G. sinense 2516 – it was 26.4 ± 1.5 mg / g on the 14th day of cultivation. The highest yield of the ganoderic acids was in G. sinense 2516 on 14th day, and G. tsugae 2024 mycelium on the 16th day of cultivation with the next numbers 0.6 ± 0.031, 0.62 ± 0.033 and 0.62 ± 0.027 g/l.

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3

Yeung, Steven, Quanlan Chen, Yongbang Yu, Bingsen Zhou, Wei Wu, Xia Li, Ying Huang, and Zhijun Wang. "Quality evaluation of commercial products of Ganoderma lucidum made from its fruiting body and spore." Acta Chromatographica 34, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1326.2020.00825.

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Abstract Ganoderma lucidum (GL), also known as Reishi or Lingzhi, is a medicinal mushroom widely used in traditional and folk medicines. The extracts made from the fruiting body and spore of naturally grown GL are the most frequently used in commercial products. More than 400 compounds have been identified in GL with the triterpenoids considered to be the major active components. Large variations in the chemical components were reported in previous studies and there is no comprehensive study of the content of multiple major triterpenoids in the GL product. In addition, there is no report in the comparison of chemical profiles in different parts of GL (i.e., fruiting body and spore). Determining the chemical composition and comparing the differences between fruiting body and spore are essential for the identity, efficacy and safety of various GL products. In this study, 13 compounds (ganoderenic Acid C, ganoderic Acid C2, ganoderic Acid G, ganoderic Acid B, ganoderenic Acid B, ganoderic Acid A, ganoderic Acid H, ganoderenic Acid D, ganoderic Acid D, ganoderic Acid F, ganoderic Acid DM, ganoderol A, and ergosterol) were selected as the chemical markers. The purpose of this study is to develop an HPLC-DAD fingerprint method for quantification of these active components in GL (spore and fruiting body) and test the feasibility of using the HPLC-DAD fingerprint for quality control or identity determination of GL products. The results showed that this method could determine the levels of the major components accurately and precisely. Among the 13 components, 11 ganoderma acids were identified to be proper chemical markers for quality control of GL products, while ganoderal A was in a very low amount and ergosterol was not a specific marker in GL. The extracts of fruiting body contained more chemical compounds than those of spore, indicating that these 11 compounds could be a better chemical marker for the fruiting body than the spore. The HPLC chemical fingerprint analysis showed higher variability in the quality of GL harvest in different years, while lesser variation in batches harvested in the same year. In conclusion, an HPLC assay detecting 11 major active components and a fingerprinting method was successfully established and validated to be feasible for quality control of most commercial GL products.

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4

., Surahmaida. "Review: Potensi Berbagai Spesies Ganoderma Sebagai Tanaman Obat." Journal of Pharmacy and Science 2, no. 1 (May 7, 2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v2i1.61.

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ABSTRAKDi dunia, jamur Ganodermatelah dikenal sebagai jamur obat. Ganoderma lebih dikenal dengan sebutan jamur Lingzhi atau Reishi. Dari 2000 spesies Ganoderma, hanya 6 spesies yang telah diteliti memiliki efek potensial dalam bidang kesehatan, yaitu G. lucidum, G. applanatum, G. tsugae, G. oregonense, G. boninense, dan G. neojapanicum. Kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung di dalam Ganoderma terus dikembangkan dalam pemanfaatannya sebagai obat alternatif. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan jamur Ganoderma bebas dari efek samping.Enam spesies Ganoderma ini memiliki karakteristik dengan berbagai potensi kesehatan yang berbedabeda dan berkhasiat sebagai bahan obat. Dari keenam Ganoderma, hanya G. boninense yang memiliki toksisitas terhadap larva udang Artemia salina.Kata Kunci: Tipe-tipe Ganoderma sp, karakteristik fisik, senyawa bioaktif, manfaat Ganoderma sp. bagi kesehatanABSTRACTIn the world, the fungus Ganoderma has been known as a medicinal mushroom. Ganoderma is known as Lingzhi or Reishi mushroom. From 2000 Ganoderma species, only six species that have been studied have a potential effect on health, namely G. lucidum, G. applanatum, G. tsugae, G. oregonense, G. boninense, and G. neojapanicum. The content of bioactive compounds contained in Ganoderma continue to be developed in their usage as an alternative medicine. This is what causes the fungus Ganoderma is free from side effects. Six speciesof Ganoderma has characteristics with various health potentials that vary and efficacious as a drug ingredient. Of the six Ganoderma, only G. boninense has toxicity to the shrimp larvae of Artemia salina.Keywords: Types of Ganodermasp., physical characteristics, bioactive components, health benefits of Ganoderma sp.

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5

Wu, Jiumn-Yih, Hsiou-Yu Ding, Tzi-Yuan Wang, Yun-Rong Zhang, and Te-Sheng Chang. "Glycosylation of Ganoderic Acid G by Bacillus Glycosyltransferases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 9744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189744.

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Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus abundant in triterpenoids, its primary bioactive components. Although numerous Ganoderma triterpenoids have already been identified, rare Ganoderma triterpenoid saponins were recently discovered. To create novel Ganoderma saponins, ganoderic acid G (GAG) was selected for biotransformation using four Bacillus glycosyltransferases (GTs) including BtGT_16345 from the Bacillus thuringiensis GA A07 strain and three GTs (BsGT110, BsUGT398, and BsUGT489) from the Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 strain. The results showed that BsUGT489 catalyzed the glycosylation of GAG to GAG-3-o-β-glucoside, while BsGT110 catalyzed the glycosylation of GAG to GAG-26-o-β-glucoside, which showed 54-fold and 97-fold greater aqueous solubility than that of GAG, respectively. To our knowledge, these two GAG saponins are new compounds. The glycosylation specificity of the four Bacillus GTs highlights the possibility of novel Ganoderma triterpenoid saponin production in the future.

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6

Chang, Te-Sheng, Chien-Min Chiang, Tzi-Yuan Wang, Yu-Li Tsai, Yu-Wei Wu, Huei-Ju Ting, and Jiumn-Yih Wu. "One-Pot Bi-Enzymatic Cascade Synthesis of Novel Ganoderma Triterpenoid Saponins." Catalysts 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11050580.

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Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus whose numerous triterpenoids are its main bioactive constituents. Although hundreds of Ganoderma triterpenoids have been identified, Ganoderma triterpenoid glycosides, also named triterpenoid saponins, have been rarely found. Ganoderic acid A (GAA), a major Ganoderma triterpenoid, was synthetically cascaded to form GAA-15-O-β-glucopyranoside (GAA-15-G) by glycosyltransferase (BtGT_16345) from Bacillus thuringiensis GA A07 and subsequently biotransformed into a series of GAA glucosides by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (Toruzyme® 3.0 L) from Thermoanaerobacter sp. The optimal reaction conditions for the second-step biotransformation of GAA-15-G were found to be 20% of maltose; pH 5; 60 °C. A series of GAA glucosides (GAA-G2, GAA-G3, and GAA-G4) could be purified with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by mass and nucleic magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analysis. The major product, GAA-15-O-[α-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-glucopyranoside] (GAA-G2), showed over 4554-fold higher aqueous solubility than GAA. The present study demonstrated that multiple Ganoderma triterpenoid saponins could be produced by sequential actions of BtGT_16345 and Toruzyme®, and the synthetic strategy that we proposed might be applied to many other Ganoderma triterpenoids to produce numerous novel Ganoderma triterpenoid saponins in the future.

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7

Kao, Chi, Amalini C. Jesuthasan, Karen S. Bishop, Marcus P. Glucina, and Lynnette R. Ferguson. "Anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma lucidum: active ingredients and pathways." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 3, no. 2 (February 9, 2013): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v3i2.65.

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Ganoderma lucidum, commonly referred to as Lingzhi, has been used in Asia for health promotion for centuries. The anti-cancer effects of G. lucidum have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, the observed anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma have prompted its usage by cancer patients alongside chemotherapy. The main two bioactive components of G. lucidum can be broadly grouped into triterpenes and polysaccharides. Despite triterpenes and polysaccharides being widely known as the major active ingredients, the different biological pathways by which they exert their anti-cancer effect remain poorly defined. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action may lead to more widespread use of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent. The aim of this paper is to summarise the various bioactive mechanisms that have been proposed for the anti-cancer properties of triterpenes and polysaccharides extracted from G. lucidum. A literature search of published papers on NCBI with keywords “Ganoderma” and “cancer” was performed. Among those, studies which specifically examined the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides were selected to be included in this paper. We have found five potential mechanisms which are associated with the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and three potential mechanisms for Ganoderma polysaccharides. In addition, G. lucidum has been used in combination with known anti-cancer agents to improve the anti-cancer efficacies. This suggests Ganoderma’s bioactive pathways may compliment that of anti-cancer agents. In this paper we present several potential anti-cancer mechanisms of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides which can be used for the development of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent.Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum, cancer, bioactive pathways, triterpene, polysaccharide

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8

Guo, Wei-Ling, Jian-Bin Guo, Bin-Yu Liu, Jin-Qiang Lu, Min Chen, Bin Liu, Wei-Dong Bai, Ping-Fan Rao, Li Ni, and Xu-Cong Lv. "Ganoderic acid A from Ganoderma lucidum ameliorates lipid metabolism and alters gut microbiota composition in hyperlipidemic mice fed a high-fat diet." Food & Function 11, no. 8 (2020): 6818–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo00436g.

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Ganoderic acid A from Ganoderma lucidum has the potential to prevent hyperlipidemia, modulates the composition of gut microbiota in hyperlipidemic mice, and significantly attenuates the liver metabolite profile in hyperlipidemic mice.

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9

ACHMAD, ACHMAD, and DEKA YULISMAN. "POTENSI DUA ISOLAT LOKAL Pleurotus sp. SEBAGAI ANTAGONIS TERHADAP Ganoderma sp." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 17, no. 4 (June 19, 2020): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v17n4.2011.174-178.

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<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Pleurotus sp. merupakan salah satu jamur yang lebih dikenalsebagai jamur pangan. Selain sebagai jamur pangan, jamur tersebut jugadilaporkan memiliki kemampuan antimikrobial. Dalam penelitian inidipelajari potensi isolat lokal Pleurotus sp. sebagai antagonis terhadapfungi patogen Ganoderma sp. yang merupakan penyebab penyakit pentingpada tanaman perkebunan terutama kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan diLaboratorium Penyakit Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan IPB dari bulan Julisampai dengan Oktober 2004. Penelitian menggunakan dua isolat lokalPleurotus sp.1 dan Pleurotus sp.4 yang merupakan koleksi LaboratoriumPenyakit Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan IPB. Inokulum Ganoderma sp.diperoleh dengan mengisolasi langsung tubuh buah dari tegakan mahoniyang tumbuh di samping Laboratorium Penyakit Hutan. Uji antagonismein vitro dilakukan dengan metode oposisi langsung dalam cawan petriberdiameter 9 cm. Peubah yang diamati adalah jari-jari koloni patogenyang tumbuh ke arah antagonis dan terdapat atau tidaknya zonapenghambatan pada batas kedua koloni jamur. Analisis data dilakukandengan uji-t berpasangan untuk perlakuan yang relevan. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa keberadaan kedua isolat antagonis mampu memper-lambat pertumbuhan menjari Ganoderma sp. Zona penghambatanterbentuk hanya pada antagonisme Ganoderma sp. dengan Pleurotus sp.4tetapi tidak pada antagonisme dengan Pleurotus sp.1. Hal tersebutmenunjukkan perbedaan mekanisme antagonisme pada kedua isolat.</p><p>Kata kunci: Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma sp., antagonisme, antibiosis</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The Antagonistic Potentid of Two Local Isolates ofPleurotus sp. against Ganoderma sp.</p><p>Pleurotus sp. is mushrooms which is more famous as a foodfungus. Aside from being a food, this fungus is also reported to haveantimicrobial capabilities. This research studied the potential of localisolates Pleurotus sp. as antagonists to pathogenic fungi Ganodermasp. Research conducted at the Laboratory of Forest Disease, Faculty ofForestry IPB, from July to October 2004. The study used two local isolatesPleurotus sp.1 and Pleurotus sp.4 which were collectioned from ForestDisease Laboratory of the Faculty of Forestry, IPB. Ganodermasp. inoculum was obtained directly by isolating the fruit body on themahogany stands growing beside the Forest Disease Laboratory.Antagonism in vitro test was conducted using direct opposition in the petridish, 9 cm in diameter. Variables measured were the radius of pathogencolonies which grew in the direction to antagonist colony, and the presenceor absence of inhibition zone at the border of both fungal colonies. Thedata were analyzed with paired t-test for the relevant treatment. The resultsshowed that the existence of two antagonistic isolates were able to inhibitthe growth of Ganoderma sp. Inhibition zone was formed only on theantagonism of Ganoderma sp. with Pleurotus sp.4 but not in antagonismwith Pleurotus sp.1. This shows the mechanism difference of antagonismon both isolates.</p><p>Key words: Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma sp., antagonism, antibiosis</p>

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10

Sakamoto, Seiichi, Nao Kikkawa, Toshitaka Kohno, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Hiroyuki Tanaka, and Satoshi Morimoto. "Immunochromatographic strip assay for detection of bioactive Ganoderma triterpenoid, ganoderic acid A in Ganoderma lingzhi." Fitoterapia 114 (October 2016): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2016.08.016.

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11

Kladar, Nebojša V., Neda S. Gavarić, and Biljana N. Božin. "Ganoderma." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 25, no. 5 (September 2016): 462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cej.0000000000000204.

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12

Wang, Jia-Le, Ying-Bo Li, Ru-Ming Liu, and Jian-Jiang Zhong. "A new ganoderic acid from Ganoderma lucidum mycelia." Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.493506.

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13

Mafia, M. I., F. M. Aminuzzaman, Mohammad Salahuddin Mahmood Chowdhury, and Jannatul Ferdous Tanni. "Occurrence, diversity and morphology of poroid wood decay by Ganoderma spp. from tropical moist deciduous forest region of Bangladesh." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i2.32498.

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There are many hot spots in tropical moist deciduous forest region where wood decay fungi grow naturally. An investigation was carried out to collect, identify and preserve wood decay Ganoderma spp. on the basis of morphological characteristics from Pabna, Dhaka and Rajshahi under tropical moist deciduous forest region in Bangladesh during June to September 2016 and July to October 2017. This study was conducted to record the morphological variability, distribution, habitat and diversity of the Ganoderma population. A total of 40 Ganoderma samples were collected and identified to nine species under Ganodermataceae family. The samples were collected from the sites by walking through the area following standard method. The field data and laboratory analytical data was recorded during sample collection and in the laboratory, respectively.The highest density of occurrence (23%) was recorded for Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma oregonense followed by Ganoderma applanatum (20%), Ganoderma praelongum (19%), Ganoderma lesklokorka (18.5%), Ganoderma pfeifferi (17%), Ganoderma boninense (15%), Ganoderma lipsiense (13%) and Ganoderma tsugae (11%). The highest frequency of occurrence (10%) was recorded for Ganoderma applanatum and Ganoderma oregonense followed by Ganoderma lucidum (9%), Ganoderma pfeifferi (8%), Ganoderma boninense (8%), Ganoderma praelongum (7%), Ganoderma lesklokorka (7%),Ganoderma tsugae (6%) and Ganoderma lipsiense (5%). During survey, Koroi (Albizia procera), Aurjun (Terminalia arjuna), Sisso plant (Dalbergia sissoo), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Golden shower (Acacia auriculiformis) and Rain tree (Albizia lebbeck) were found as hosts of Ganoderma spp. The specimens were preserved in the SAU Herbarium of Macro Fungi (SHMF) and might be useful in mushroom breeding and development program for medicine and food industry sector in future.

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14

Li, Shengyun, Yaowu Yuan, Chenchen Yu, Hao Gao, Jianxin Tan, and Yiling Tian. "Establishment and Application of a Method for the Determination of Ganoderic Acid A." Journal of Food Quality 2020 (November 30, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6621853.

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A method for the quantitative determination of ganoderic acid A was constructed using the principle of indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and this method was used to determine the ganoderic A contents of Ganoderma lucidum samples in the market. The conjugate of ganoderic acid A and bovine serum albumin was used for four rounds of immunization on test rabbits to obtain rabbit antiganoderic acid A antibody IgG. The enzyme-labeled plate was coated with the conjugate of ganoderic acid A and ovalbumin. The first stage reaction in the indirect competitive ELISA was that the conjugate of ganoderic acid A in the sample competed with the conjugate coated on the enzyme-labeled plate to bind rabbit antibodies. The second stage reaction was the combination of goat anti-rabbit IgG–horseradish peroxidase and rabbit antiganoderic acid A antibody IgG. The results of the determination of ganoderic acid A standard by this method showed that the coefficient of variation of repeated wells in the group was <5%, the detection limit of ganoderic acid A was 0.6 μg/L, and ganoderic acid A had a substantial dose-response relationship in the content range of 0.9–72.9 μg/L (R2 = 0.994). This method was used to measure the ganoderic A content of 12 varieties of G. lucidum in the market and showed the obvious differences in the ganoderic acid A contents of the different varieties. This method is simple, fast, and of great importance to the quality control of Ganoderma products.

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Chang, Te-Sheng, Chien-Min Chiang, Jiumn-Yih Wu, Yu-Li Tsai, and Huei-Ju Ting. "Production of a new triterpenoid disaccharide saponin from sequential glycosylation of ganoderic acid A by 2 Bacillus glycosyltransferases." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 85, no. 3 (February 13, 2021): 687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbaa055.

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ABSTRACT Ganoderic acid A (GAA) is a lanostane-type triterpenoid, isolated from medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum, and possesses multiple bioactivities. In the present study, GAA was sequentially biotransformed by 2 recently discovered Bacillus glycosyltransferases (GT), BtGT_16345 and BsGT110, and the final product was purified and identified as a new compound, GAA-15,26-O-β-diglucoside, which showed 1024-fold aqueous solubility than GAA.

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Lindequist, Ulrike, Wolf-Dieter Jülich, and Sabine Witt. "Ganoderma pfeifferi – A European relative of Ganoderma lucidum." Phytochemistry 114 (June 2015): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.02.018.

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17

Tang, Ya-Jie, and Jian-Jiang Zhong. "Role of oxygen supply in submerged fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum for production of Ganoderma polysaccharide and ganoderic acid." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 32, no. 3-4 (March 2003): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00338-1.

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18

Lin, Jer-Min, Chun-Ching Lin, Ming-Feng Chen, Takashi Ujiie, and Atsushi Takada. "Radical scavenger and antihepatotoxic activity of Ganoderma formosanum, Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma neo-japonicum." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 47, no. 1 (June 1995): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01251-8.

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19

Xia, Li Ya, Xiao Ting Li, Pei Yun Chen, and Yan Ping Pang. "Identification of Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Powder and Ganoderma Lucidum Powder Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Cluster Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.280.

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In order to identify the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and Ganoderma lucidum powder, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of samples were collected by the Fourier near-infrared spectrometer. The spectroscopy was pretreated by vector normalization and then analyzed with chemometrics method. The data of near-infrared spectra in whole spectral region was analyzed by principal component analysis, then the first 5 scores was established cluster analysis model. The results show that this method can effectively identify Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and Ganoderma lucidum powder with the 100% accuracy rate. In conclusion, Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Powder and Ganoderma Lucidum Powder Based on Near-infrared Spectroscopy and Cluster Analysis.

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Maryono, Tri. "Penyakit akar ganoderma pada sengon di Sleman Yogyakarta." Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2020.14.1.55-61.

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Ganoderma root disease in the community forest of sengon is one of the limiting factor to increase the productivity of sengonwood. This disease has been reported in West Java, East Java, South Sumatra and South Kalimantan. The survey was conducted to determine the existence of Ganoderma root disease in three sengon fields in Sleman, Yogyakarta. The existence of Ganoderma root disease was recognized based on the symptoms of diseased plants and the present of Ganoderma basidiocarp on the diseased sengon stem. The survey results on three sengon fields was succeed in finding diseased plants and also the basidiocarp of Ganoderma on the basal of the diseased plant stem. Symptoms that have been found was either dead or dying trees (few leaves left). The basidiocarp of Ganoderma on the diseased plants varies in characteristic while its young and mature. The basidiospores is ellipsoid, truncate, rough (coarsely echinulated), and double-walled. The Ganoderma colony was white and turned to yellow orange from the center. Based on this study the Ganoderma root disease in sengon plants has developed in Sleman, Yogyakarta. The presence of dead or dying trees with few leaves left between healthy sengon trees and the presence of Ganoderma basidiocarp in diseased trees are indicator of the presence of root disease in the sengon field caused by Ganoderma.

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Fadli Nst, Mhd Irvan, Lisnawita Lisnawita, and Suzanna Sitepu. "Uji Virulensi Dua Isolat Ganoderma sp. terhadap Bibit Kelapa Sawit Kultur Jaringan di Laboratorium." Talenta Conference Series: Agricultural and Natural Resources (ANR) 1, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/anr.v1i1.88.

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Busuk pangkal batang (Ganoderma sp.) pada tanaman kelapa sawit merupakan penyakit utama yang dihadapi oleh perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Di lapangan banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dari penyakit busuk pangkal batang dan penyakit ini menunjukkan serangan yang berbeda di setiap daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat daya virulensi dari dua isolat Ganoderma sp. yang berasal dari daerah berbeda tanpa adanya faktor-faktor lain pada kelapa sawit kultur jaringan secara invitro. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara pada bulan Maret - Juli 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 3 perlakuan penginokulasian yaitu isolat Ganoderma sp.I, isolat Ganoderma sp.II, dan Kontrol. Hasil menunjukkan adanya perbedaan daya virulensi dari kedua isolat Ganoderma, dimana kejadian penyakit dan keparah penyakit tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan Ganoderma isolat II. The stem rot (Ganoderma sp.) is the main disease faced by oil palm plantations in Indonesia. There are many factors that can affect the growth and development of stem rot in the different region. This study aims to study the virulence of two isolates of Ganoderma sp. originating from different regions in the absence of other factors in oil palm tissue culture in vitro. This study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design with 3 inoculation treatments, such as isolates I and II of Ganoderma sp., and Control. The results showed that there were differences in virulence power of the two Ganoderma sp. isolates, where the highest incidence of disease and severity of disease occurred in the treatment of isolates II of Ganoderma sp.

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Shieh, Ying-Hua, Chi-Feng Liu, Yao-Kuan Huang, Jen-Yuann Yang, I.-Lin Wu, Chia-Hsien Lin, and Song-Chow Lin. "Evaluation of the Hepatic and Renal-protective Effects of Ganoderma lucidum in Mice." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 29, no. 03n04 (January 2001): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x01000526.

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The antioxidative effect of hot water extract of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum on ethanol-induced free radical generation had been studied. In order to further investigate the hepatic and renal protective mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum, rates of lipid peroxidation were determined. The hot water extract of Ganoderma lucidum dose-dependently exhibited antioxidative effect on mouse liver and kidney lipid peroxidation; our results indicated that hepatic and renal homogenates have a higher malonic dialdehyde level in an ethanol administered group than in the Ganoderma lucidum treated group. It was concluded that the hepatic and renal protective mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum, might be due at least in part to its prominent superoxide scavenging effect. Ganoderma extract could protect the liver and kidney from superoxide induced hepatic and renal damages.

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Papp, Viktor, and Ilona Szabó. "Distribution and Host Preference of Poroid Basidiomycetes in Hungary I. – Ganoderma." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aslh-2013-0006.

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Abstract From the economical point of view, the genus Ganoderma is one of the most important groups of Basidiomycetes due to their medicinal effects and also because they cause decay in a very wide range of tree species all over the world. In this study new data of the Hungarian Ganoderma species are published and the specimens in accessible Hungarian herbarium collections are processed and revised. The article includes the nomenclatural status, the morphological characters, the host preference, frequencies and the details of the fungarium samples of six Ganoderma species (Ganoderma adspersum, G. applanatum, G. carnosum, G. cupreolaccatum, G. lucidum, G. resinaceum) as well. In total 215 Ganoderma specimens are examined and 10 hosts of the six native Ganoderma species new for Hungary are presented. The Hungarian locality and time of the collection of the only Ganoderma carnosum (IZ3122) specimen and two new localities of this rare species is published here for the first time.

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Liu, Jie, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, and Ryuichiro Kondo. "Ganoderic Acid TR, a New Lanostanoid with 5α-Reductase Inhibitory Activity from the Fruiting Body of Ganoderma Lucidum." Natural Product Communications 1, no. 5 (May 2006): 1934578X0600100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0600100501.

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By means of 5α-reductase inhibitory activity-guided fractionation, a new lanostanoid, 15α-hydroxy-3-oxolanosta- 7, 9(11), 24(E)-trien-26-oic acid, named as ganoderic acid TR, was isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst (Ganodermataceae). The compound showed potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 8.5 μM. Modified Mosher's method established the S-configuration of the secondary hydroxyl group at C-15. In addition, a carboxyl group on the side chain of ganoderic acid TR is essential to elicit the inhibitory activity because of the considerably lower activity of its methyl ester.

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Murata, Chihiro, Quang Thuong Tran, Shingo Onda, and Toyonobu Usuki. "Extraction and isolation of ganoderic acid Σ from Ganoderma lucidum." Tetrahedron Letters 57, no. 48 (November 2016): 5368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.072.

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Li, Yan-Qun, and Shun-Fa Wang. "Anti-hepatitis B activities of ganoderic acid from Ganoderma lucidum." Biotechnology Letters 28, no. 11 (May 31, 2006): 837–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-006-9007-9.

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Gottlieb, Alexandra M., and Jorge E. Wright. "Taxonomy of Ganoderma from southern South America: subgenus Ganoderma." Mycological Research 103, no. 6 (June 1999): 661–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756298007941.

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Luangharn, Thatsanee, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Peter E. Mortimer, Kevin D. Hyde, and Jianchu Xu. "Additions to the knowledge of Ganoderma in Thailand: Ganoderma casuarinicola, a new record; and Ganoderma thailandicum sp. nov." MycoKeys 59 (October 16, 2019): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.59.36823.

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Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan genus of mushrooms, which can cause root and butt rot diseases on many tree species. Members of this genus are particularly diverse in tropical regions. Some Ganoderma spp. are medicinally active and therefore are used to treat human diseases or as a dietary supplement. In this study, three Ganoderma strains were collected in tropical southern Thailand. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, TEF1α and RPB2 sequence data indicated that the three strains grouped in a distinct lineage within laccate Ganoderma. One strain was collected from Surat Thani Province clustered in the G. casuarinicola clade with high statistical support (MLBS = 100% / MPBS = 98% / PP = 0.96), while the other two strains of Ganoderma, collected from Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, formed a distinct well-supported clade (MLBS = 100% / MPBS = 100% / PP = 1.00) and are described here as a new species. Ganoderma casuarinicola is reported here as a new record to Thailand. Morphological differences of the two taxa and their closely related taxa are discussed. Colour photographs of macro and micro morphological characteristics and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new record and new species are provided.

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Chang, Te-Sheng, Chien-Min Chiang, Tzi-Yuan Wang, Chun-Hsien Lee, Yu-Wen Lee, and Jiumn-Yih Wu. "New Triterpenoid from Novel Triterpenoid 15-O-Glycosylation on Ganoderic Acid A by Intestinal Bacteria of Zebrafish." Molecules 23, no. 9 (September 13, 2018): 2345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092345.

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Functional bacteria that could biotransform triterpenoids may exist in the diverse microflora of fish intestines. Ganoderic acid A (GAA) is a major triterpenoid from the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum. In studying the microbial biotransformation of GAA, dozens of intestinal bacteria were isolated from the excreta of zebrafish. The bacteria’s ability to catalyze GAA were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis. One positive strain, GA A07, was selected for functional studies. GA A07 was confirmed as Bacillus sp., based on the DNA sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. The biotransformed metabolite was purified with the preparative high-performance liquid chromatography method and identified as GAA-15-O-β-glucoside, based on the mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. The present study is the first to report the glycosylation of Ganoderma triterpenoids. Moreover, 15-O-glycosylation is a new microbial biotransformation of triterpenoids, and the biotransformed metabolite, GAA-15-O-β-glucoside, is a new compound.

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Ubau Matamoros, Noé. "Distribución de Hongos Medicinales en las Macro Regiones Pacífico y Centro de Nicaragua, 2006 - 2011." Universidad y Ciencia 9, no. 15 (July 26, 2017): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/uyc.v9i15.4564.

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La presente investigación muestra la distribución de siete especies de hongos medicinales Auricularia auricula, Ganoderlma lucidum, Ganoderma applanatum, Geastrum triplex, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Trametes versicolor y Schizophyllum commune en las Macro Regiones Ecológicas Pacífico y Centro nicaragüense y uso actual, aporte importante a la micología nacional. El estudio de visión retrospectiva muestra los sitios visitados en un periodo de 5 años que incluyen zonas Urbanas y Rurales, bosque Nuboso, bosque lluvioso, bosque Seco y bosque Ripario. El uso es determinado por investigación bibliográfica de autores enfocados en el estudio exclusivo de estos organismos.

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Liu, Jie, Jun Shiono, Yukiko Tsuji, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, and Ryuichiro Kondo. "Methyl Ganoderic Acid DM: A Selective Potent Osteoclastogenesis Inhibitor." Open Bioactive Compounds Journal 2, no. 1 (November 26, 2009): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874847300902010037.

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Increased osteoclastic bone resorption plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many bone diseases, and osteoclast inhibitors are the most widely used treatments for these diseases. Ganoderic acid DM, the main component of Ganoderma lucidum, has been known for its medicinal effects such as anti-androgen and anti-proliferative activities. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of ganoderic acid DM and its analog (methyl ganoderic acid DM and 7-oxo-methyl ganoderic acid Z) on osteoclastogenesis using RAW264 cell in vitro. Methyl ganoderic acid DM blocked osteoclastogenesis completely at 12.5 μM with low cytotoxicity less than 30%. On the other hands, ganoderic acid DM blocked osteoclastogenesis completely at the higher concentration of 50 μM, but 7-oxo-methyl ganoderic acid Z did not up to 100 μM. These results implicated the carbonyl group at C-3 is essentially for selective osteoclastogenesis inhibitory activity, and methyl esters at C-26 should play an important role in enhancing its osteoclastogenesis inhibitory activity

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Widyastuti, Siti Muslimah, Harjono Harjono, and I. Riastiwi. "TOLERANSI TANAMAN PENEDUH POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA DAN PTEROCARPUS INDICUS TERHADAP Ganoderma sp." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2013): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11319-23.

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Susceptibility of Urban Trees Polyalthia longifolia and Pterocarpus indicus to Infection of the red root rot fungus Ganoderma sp. Urban trees on the Gadjah Mada University (UGM) area play an important role in increasing environmental qualities as well as in supporting the teaching and learning processes. However, red root rot disease caused by Basidiomycete Ganoderma sp. has severely infected some existing urban trees. This experiment was aimed to determine the susceptibility of Polyalthia longifolia (glodokan) and Pterocarpus indicus (angsana) to the infection of Ganoderma sp. Identification of infected trees was performed in UGM area. Further steps were carried out to achieve those objectives : (1) isolation of Ganoderma spp. and testing of Koch’s postulate and (2) examination of the susceptibility of P. longifolia and P. indicus to infection of Ganoderma sp. The susceptibility test of P. longifolia and P. indicus to Ganoderma sp. indicated that P. longifolia was more resistant to fungal pathogen infection than that of P. indicus. Based on this experiment, it can be concluded that P. longifolia is a species that is more suitable than P. indicus. P. longifolia should be planted on the areas that have been infested with inocula of Ganoderma sp..

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Ngoc Nhi, Nguyen Thi. "RESEARCHING GANODERMA RESIDUES APPLYING IN EARTHWORM CULTIVATION PROCESS (PERIONYX EXCAVATUS)." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 2A (March 19, 2018): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/2a/11945.

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The research of applying Ganoderma residue in earthworm Perionyx excavatus cultivation have promised in reducing environmental pollutions from mushroom farm and brought high economic efficiency. A 9 m square with 9 experimental formulas were applied to investigate the effect of Ganoderma residue to earthworm growth. The results showed that Perionyx excavatus increased mass in all formulas added cultivated Ganoderma residues, in which the largest increased in formula of 75 % cultivated Ganoderma residues treated with Trichoderma, from 0.59 kg/m2 initial to 2.62 kg/m2. In addition, Perionyx excavatus growth and development completely was seen on the medium with 100 % cultivated ganoderma residues, reached 1.89 kg/m2. Although the growth rate of the Perionyx excavatus cultivated with Ganoderma residues was slower as compared to farming entirely by cow manure (2.94 kg/m2), in the long run, this process will bring farmers higher profits (56.500 VN dongs /m2 of culturing). This cultivation process might be promising to be applied in regions with mushrooms farms for economic and environmental reasons.

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Feng, Na, Yutian Wei, Jie Feng, Qingjiu Tang, Zhong Zhang, Jingsong Zhang, and Wei Han. "Preparative isolation of ganoderic acid S, ganoderic acid T and ganoderol B from Ganoderma lucidum mycelia by high-speed counter-current chromatography." Biomedical Chromatography 32, no. 10 (May 31, 2018): e4283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.4283.

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Tang, Ya-Jie, Wei Zhang, Rui-Sang Liu, Li-Wen Zhu, and Jian-Jiang Zhong. "Scale-up study on the fed-batch fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum for the hyperproduction of ganoderic acid and Ganoderma polysaccharides." Process Biochemistry 46, no. 1 (January 2011): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2010.08.013.

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Sun, Zu Li, and Ming En Guo. "Optimization on Process Parameters of Brewing Ganoderma lucidum Functional Drinking Vinegar." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.953.

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Through the biological reaction caused by self-detached acetic acid bacteria in the ganoderma lucidum deep fermented liquid, the process parameters of producing ganoderma lucidum functional drinking vinegar have been researched. Using the orthogonal experiment and the method of neural network, the nonlinear mapping model among the ganoderma lucidum functional drinking vinegar's process parameters has been established. Through the optimization, the best process parameters were: ethanol quantity was 6.7±0.2%, ganoderma lucidum liquid quantity was 32±1%, reaction time was 74h, inoculum concentration of acetic acid bacteria was 10%.

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Wang, D. M., and Y. J. Yao. "Intrastrain internal transcribed spacer heterogeneity inGanodermaspecies." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-118.

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Intrastrain internal transcribed spacer (ITS) heterogeneity is first reported from Ganoderma, a fungal genus within Basidiomycetes. ITS amplification products from 4 strains, representing 4 Ganoderma species, were cloned and sequenced. Two to five different ITS types were found within a single strain. The clone sequences were analyzed along with other sequences from Ganoderma retrieved from GenBank. The results show that sequence variation within strains varies considerably with species and the heterogeneity may occur in the 3 parts (ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S) of the ITS region.Key words: intragenomic ITS heterogeneity, polymorphism, Ganoderma.

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Utami, Novi Fajar, Sri Wardatun, and Fitri Atika Suri. "IDENTIFIKASI KANDUNGAN POLISAKARIDA BETA GLUKAN PADA JAMUR GANODERMA (Ganoderma lucidum)." FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jf.v6i2.756.

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ABSTRAKJamur ganoderma (Ganoderma lucidum) menghasilkan senyawa aktif polisakarida beta glukan yang berkhasiat sebagai antihiperglikemia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa polisakarida beta glukan serta mengukur kadar rendemen ekstrak air dan ekstrak alkali dari jamur ganoderma. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metoda dekoks untuk pelarut air dan metoda maserasi untuk pelarut alkali. Identifikasi dilakukan berdasarkan panjang gelombang maksimum dan gugus fungsi yang terdapat pada isolat hasil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) yang dibandingkan dengan senyawa beta glucan standar dari tanaman barley. Rendemen hasil ekstraksi dengan pelarut air adalah sebesar 2,8% dan rendemen hasil ekstraksi dengan pelarut alkali adalah sebesar 5,309%. Hasil identifikasi dengan KLT didapat nilai Rf untuk ekstrak air 0,5875; untuk ekstrak alkali 0,8; dan standar barley 0,625. Panjang gelombang maksimum isolat ekstrak air 268 nm, isolat ekstrak alkali 268 nm dan standar barley 265 nm. Gugus fungsi yang diperoleh baik isolat ekstrak air dan isolat ekstrak alkali adalah O-H, C-H, C-OR (eter) yang hasilnya sama dengan standar barley yang menunjukkan adanya senyawa beta glukan.Kata kunci : Ganoderma lucidum, beta glukan, standar barley

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Moradali, Mohammad-Fata, Hossein Mostafavi, Ghorban-Ali Hejaroude, Mehrdad Abbasi, Shirin Ghods, and Abbas Sharifi-Tehrani. "Laccate Medicinal Ganoderma P. Karst. Species from Iran: Subgenus Ganoderma." International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 7, no. 4 (2005): 573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushr.v7.i4.70.

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Viceconte, Fátima R., Marina L. Diaz, Daniela S. Soresi, Ileana B. Lencinas, Alicia Carrera, María Inés Prat, and María Soledad Vela Gurovic. "Ganoderma sessile is a fast polysaccharide producer among Ganoderma species." Mycologia 113, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): 513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2020.1870255.

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BM, Ni‘mal Hamdi, Lisnawati Lisnawati, and Mukhtar Iskandar Pinem. "Uji Metabolit Trichoderma spp. Terhadap Ganoderma sp.IN VITRO." Talenta Conference Series: Agricultural and Natural Resources (ANR) 1, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/anr.v1i1.89.

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Ganoderma spp.merupakan penyakit penting yang menyebabkan kerugian besar pada tanaman kelapa sawit.Ganoderma spp. menurunkan produksi kelapa sawit 78 % dari total produksi kelapa sawit di Sumatera Utara. Pengendalian kimia dan kultur teknis hanya dapat mengurangi serangan Ganoderma spp.10%/ha sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif pengendalian hayati, seperti penggunan cendawan antagonis. Trichoderma merupakan cendawan antagonis yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Ganoderma spp.dengan menghasilkan metabolik skunder dan toxin ekstraseluler. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji metabolit Trichoderma spp. untuk mengendalikan Ganoderma spp.in vitro.Penelitian ini di lakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian USU (±25m dpl.) pada Juli – Desember 2015 menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap non faktorial dengan bebrapa jenis isolat jamur yaitu: Kontrol, Trichodermaspp.1, Trichodermaspp.2, Trichodermaspp.3, Trichodermaspp. 4, Trichodermaspp.5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya hambat tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan Trichodermaspp.2 dan nilai uji filtrat tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan Trichodermaspp.2. Ganoderma sp. is an important disease that causes large losses in oil palm plants. Ganoderma sp. reduce palm oil production to 78% of total palm oil production in North Sumatra. Chemical control and technical culture can only reduce the attack of Ganoderma spp. of 10%/ha, so that an alternative biological control is needed, such as the use of antagonist fungi. Trichoderma sp. is an antagonistic fungus that can inhibit the growth of Ganoderma sp. by producing metabolic secondary and extracellular toxins. This study aims to examine the metabolites of Trichoderma sp. in controlling Ganoderma sp. in vitro. This study was by using a non-factorial complete randomized design with several types of fungi isolates such as Control, Trichoderma sp. 1, Trichoderma sp. 2, Trichoderma sp. 3, Trichoderma sp. 4, and Trichoderma sp. 5. The results showed that the highest inhibition was found in the treatment of Trichoderma sp. 2 and the highest filtrate test value was found in the treatment of Trichoderma sp. 2.

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Nurdiyanti, Meilisa Dwi, Asrie Suharti, Mega Putri Amelya, and Ivan Permana Putra. "Catatan Diversitas Jamur di Salah Satu Pulau Terluar Republik Indonesia." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.6.2.56-66.

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Marore Island (Province of North Sulawesi) is one of the outermost island in Indonesia. The island is located at the borderline within the Philippines. Till date, there is no publication about islands macrofungi diversity from this island. In fact, the diversity of macrofungi has the potency to support the development of global bioeconomic in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to make an inventory list of macrofungi on Marore Island in order to enhance the potential in the future. A total was of 22 mushrooms from 13 genera were obtained from this study which were divided into two phylums, namely Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. The identification results confirmed the species obtained: Ganoderma sp.1, Ganoderma sp.2, Ganoderma sp.3, Ganoderma sp.4, Ganoderma sp.5, Ganoderma sp.6, Trametes sp.1, Trametes sp.2, Trametes sp.3, Pycnoporus sp.1, Pycnoporus sp.2, Polyporus sp., Daedalea sp., Lentinus sp., Marasmius sp.1, Marasmius sp.2, Schizophyllum sp., Panellus sp., Tricholoma sp., Phallus sp., Dacryopinax spathularia, and Daldinia sp.

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Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Babatunde, Tolulope Olamide Okeowo, Oluwatosin Adefunke Adetuyi, Oluwaseun Abraham Adebisi, Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana, Oyeyemi Janet Oretade, Najat Marraiki, Amany Magdy Beshbishy, Nermeen N. Welson, and Gaber El-Saber Batiha. "Ganoderma Lucidum from Red Mushroom Attenuates Formaldehyde-Induced Liver Damage in Experimental Male Rat Model." Biology 9, no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9100313.

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The majority of liver-related illnesses are caused by occupational and domestic exposure to toxic chemicals like formaldehyde (FA), which is widely common in Africa and the world at large. Hence, measures should be taken to protect humans from its hazardous effects. This study, therefore, examines the protective potential of Ganoderma lucidum (100 mg/kg body weight) on formaldehyde-induced (40%) liver oxido-inflammation in male rats. Male Wistar rats, 150–200 g, were allotted into four groups of 10 animals as follows: Group 1 was orally treated with 1 mg/mL distilled water, Group 2 was exposed to a 40% formaldehyde vapor environment for 30 min per day, Group 3 was orally treated with 100 mg/kg ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum, and Group 4 was co-administered formaldehyde and 100 mg/kg ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum. Rats were then sacrificed 24 h after administering the last dose of treatment, and the livers were excised. Ganoderma lucidum significantly reversed the formaldehyde-mediated reduction in body and organ weight. Ganoderma lucidum administration significantly prevented oxido-inflammation by reducing the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione contents, as well as the normal level of nitrite and myeloperoxidase production in FA-treated rats. Additionally, Ganoderma lucidum reversed a large decline in proinflammatory markers in formaldehyde. Furthermore, Ganoderma lucidum restores formaldehyde-induced histological alterations in the liver. Collectively, our results provide valuable information on the protective potential of Ganoderma lucidum in protecting formaldehyde-induced liver oxido-inflammation in male rats.

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Sokoł, Slawomir, Michael Kaldorf, and Hermann Bothe. "Molecular Characterization and Taxonomic Affinities of Species of the White Rot Fungus Ganoderma." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 54, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1999): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1999-5-604.

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Abstract The systematic affinities of Ganoderma have largely been resolved in the extensive publications of Moncalvo and coworkers (Moncalvo et al., 1995a, b; Hseu et al., 1996). The present communication adds further sequences of the ITS1 region of Ganoderma isolates from Po land and corrects some of the classifications of Ganoderma species. The sequence data indicate that G. australe and G. adspersum are different species. Both morphological and molecular data are in accord with an interspecific separation of G. pfeifferi and G. resinaceum. The ITS1 region is particularly suited for the taxonomic segregation of Ganoderma by molecular methods.

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Pecic, Sonja, Ninoslav Nikicevic, Mile Veljovic, Milka Jardanin, Vele Tesevic, Miona Belovic, and Miomir Niksic. "The influence of extraction parameters on physicochemical properties of special grain brandies with Ganoderma lucidum." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 22, no. 2 (2016): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq150426033p.

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Ganoderma lucidum is one of the five major medicinal mushrooms. In Asian countries, alcoholic beverages with Ganoderma are traditionally produced and sold in local markets as a symbol of healthy products. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of producing brandy enhanced with this mushroom and to investigate the influence of extraction parameters (time, concentration) on color, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, sensory characteristics and the composition and content of triterpenoid acids within the brandy. HPLC-DAD/ESI-ToF-MS analysis was used to identify triterpenoid acids. In brandy samples, 15 triterpenoid acids were determined, with the total content in the range of 2.63-4.06 mg/100 mg. In these samples, the most commonly detected triterpenoid acid was ganoderic acid A. In our study, the total phenolic content of analyzed samples ranged from 34.07 to 118.1 mg/L GAE. The color and sensory characteristics of analyzed brandies were significantly improved in comparison with samples without G. lucidum. The obtained samples represent an interesting new product for market worldwide with improved antioxidant capacity.

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Joseph, Soniamol, Kainoor K. Janardhanan, Varughese George, and Sabulal Baby. "A new epoxidic ganoderic acid and other phytoconstituents from Ganoderma lucidum." Phytochemistry Letters 4, no. 3 (September 2011): 386–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2011.08.011.

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Hirotani, Masao, and Tsutomu Furuya. "Ganoderic acid derivatives, highly oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids, from Ganoderma lucidum." Phytochemistry 25, no. 5 (April 1986): 1189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)81578-2.

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Ge, Fa-Huan, Ming-Hui Duan, Jing Li, and Qing-Long Shi. "Ganoderin A, a novel 9,11-secosterol from Ganoderma lucidum spores oil." Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 19, no. 12 (April 17, 2017): 1252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2017.1313834.

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Li, Canjun, Jianhua Yin, Fujiang Guo, Decheng Zhang, and Hao H. Sun. "Ganoderic acid Sz, a new lanostanoid from the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum." Natural Product Research 19, no. 5 (July 1, 2005): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786410412331272077.

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Miyamoto, Ichiko, Jie Liu, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Masao Sato, Akiko Kukita, Toshio Kukita, and Ryuichiro Kondo. "Regulation of osteoclastogenesis by ganoderic acid DM isolated from Ganoderma lucidum." European Journal of Pharmacology 602, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.11.005.

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