Journal articles on the topic 'Ganoderma lucidum'
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Hajjaj, Hassan, Catherine Macé, Matthew Roberts, Peter Niederberger, and Laurent B. Fay. "Effect of 26-Oxygenosterols from Ganoderma lucidum and Their Activity as Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 7 (July 2005): 3653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.7.3653-3658.2005.
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ABSTRACT Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus belonging to the Polyporaceae family which has long been known in Japan as Reishi and has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine. We report the isolation and identification of the 26-oxygenosterols ganoderol A, ganoderol B, ganoderal A, and ganoderic acid Y and their biological effects on cholesterol synthesis in a human hepatic cell line in vitro. We also investigated the site of inhibition in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. We found that these oxygenated sterols from G. lucidum inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis via conversion of acetate or mevalonate as a precursor of cholesterol. By incorporation of 24,25-dihydro-[24,25-3H2]lanosterol and [3-3H]lathosterol in the presence of ganoderol A, we determined that the point of inhibition of cholesterol synthesis is between lanosterol and lathosterol. These results demonstrate that the lanosterol 14α-demethylase, which converts 24,25-dihydrolanosterol to cholesterol, can be inhibited by the 26-oxygenosterols from G. lucidum. These 26-oxygenosterols could lead to novel therapeutic agents that lower blood cholesterol.
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Chen, Deng-Hai, Jian-Yuan Wang, Mon-Tarng Chen, Yen-Chun Liu, and Kuang-Dee Chen. "The Triterpenoid High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analytical Profiles of the Mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi)." Microbiology Research 14, no. 3 (September 14, 2023): 1353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14030092.
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(1) Background: Ganoderic acids (GAs) are specific triterpenes of Ganoderma lucidum. The HPLC fingerprint profile of GAs of the fruiting body is well known, but their mycelial fingerprinting remains unclear. (2) Methods: An ethanol extract of the mycelium of G. lucidum (YK-01) was further purified via preparative HPLC. The triterpenoid compositions for four strains of G. lucidum and one strain of G. formosanum (purple lingzhi) were analyzed using HPLC. (3) Results: Nineteen lanostane triterpenes, including five new triterpenes, GA-TP (1), ganodermic acid Jc (GmA-Jc) (2), GmA-Jd (3), GA-TQ1 (4), and ganoderal B1 (5), and fourteen known triterpenes 6–19 were isolated from the ethanol extract. Their structures were identified by mass and extensive NMR spectroscopy. A green chemical HPLC analytical method was developed using ethanol and acetic acid as a mobile phase, and all isolated compounds can be well separated. These triterpenes comprise a unique HPLC chromatograph of the G. lucidum mycelium. All four G. lucidum strains showed the same HPLC chromatographic pattern, whereas G. formosanum displayed a different pattern. Quantitation methods for ganoderic acid T (10) and S (12) were also validated. (4) Conclusions: The triterpenoid HPLC analytical method can be used to identify the G. lucidum species and to determine the contents of GA-T and GA-S.
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Osahon Stanley Usiobeigbe, Kingsley O. Airhomwanbor, Lucky Eromosele Omolumen, Raphael O. Ikyaagba, Ernest Asibor, and Daniella Damilola Ogunsina. "Effects of Garnoderma lucidum on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 3 (March 30, 2024): 2599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0977.
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Introduction: Ganoderma lucidum is considered to be a medicinal mushroom, widely used to prevent or treat different types of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease and hepatic dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in wistar rats. Methods: Forty (40) male wistar rats were used for this study. Hepatoxicity was induced by oral administration of acetaminophenn (3000 mg/kg of body weight) for the last 21 consecutive days of the dietary of regimen Ganoderma lucidum. These rats were divided into eight cages each containing Five rats. Control Group 1 fed on feed and water only throughout the study, Group 2 received acetaminophen only, Group 3 received Acetaminophen + Standard drug (silymarin), Group 4 received Acetaminophen +100 mg/kg body weight of Ganoderma lucium extract, Group 5 received Acetaminophen + 200 mg/kg body weight of Ganoderma lucidum extract, Group 6 received Acetaminophen + 300 mg/kg body weight of Ganoderma lucidum extract , Group 7 received 100 mg/kg of Ganoderma lucidum extract, Group 8 received Acetaminophen+Standard Drug (silymarin) + 300 mg/kg body weight of Ganderma lucidum extract. Blood samples was collected via cardiac puncture within 24 hours of Sacrifice. The extent of the liver injury was determined by assessing the plasma levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Alpha Feto protein, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total bilirubin (TB), Conjugated bilirubin (CB), Unconjugated Bilirubin (UB), Albumin, Gamma Glutamyl Transaminase (GGT) and total protein (TP) using spectrophotometric method and ELISA as appropriate. Results: Oral administration of Acetaminophen significantly increased the plasma levels of the parameters accessed, suggesting severe liver damage in the rats. However, the treatment of Ganoderma lucidum decreased these hepatotoxic indices at a significant level of P <0.01 for TNF-α, AFP, ALT, AST, UB, TB, GGT and ALP, while Albumin and Conjugated Bilirubin were significantly decreased at a level of (P<0.05) in the Ganoderma lucidum + Acetaminophen-administered group compared to those of the control group. Conclusion: Thus, the results of the present investigation demonstrates that the Ganoderma lucidum provides significant hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in wistar rats.
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Kao, Chi, Amalini C. Jesuthasan, Karen S. Bishop, Marcus P. Glucina, and Lynnette R. Ferguson. "Anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma lucidum: active ingredients and pathways." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 3, no. 2 (February 9, 2013): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v3i2.65.
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Ganoderma lucidum, commonly referred to as Lingzhi, has been used in Asia for health promotion for centuries. The anti-cancer effects of G. lucidum have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, the observed anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma have prompted its usage by cancer patients alongside chemotherapy. The main two bioactive components of G. lucidum can be broadly grouped into triterpenes and polysaccharides. Despite triterpenes and polysaccharides being widely known as the major active ingredients, the different biological pathways by which they exert their anti-cancer effect remain poorly defined. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action may lead to more widespread use of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent. The aim of this paper is to summarise the various bioactive mechanisms that have been proposed for the anti-cancer properties of triterpenes and polysaccharides extracted from G. lucidum. A literature search of published papers on NCBI with keywords “Ganoderma” and “cancer” was performed. Among those, studies which specifically examined the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides were selected to be included in this paper. We have found five potential mechanisms which are associated with the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and three potential mechanisms for Ganoderma polysaccharides. In addition, G. lucidum has been used in combination with known anti-cancer agents to improve the anti-cancer efficacies. This suggests Ganoderma’s bioactive pathways may compliment that of anti-cancer agents. In this paper we present several potential anti-cancer mechanisms of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides which can be used for the development of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent.Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum, cancer, bioactive pathways, triterpene, polysaccharide
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Shin, Min-Ji, Hae-Jung Chae, Ji Won Lee, Man Hyung Koo, Hyun-Jin Kim, Jong Bae Seo, Shagin yanIllia, et al. "Lucidumol A, Purified Directly from Ganoderma lucidum, Exhibits Anticancer Effect and Cellular Inflammatory Response in Colorectal Cancer." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (November 8, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7404493.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a deadly disease regardless of sex, and a few therapeutic approaches have been fully developed at advanced stages, even if some strategies have durable clinical benefits, such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Ganoderma lucidum has been recognized as an organism that suppresses tumors and inflammation; however, the molecular mechanisms induced by a triterpenoid in Ganoderma lucidum, Lucidumol A, have not yet been fully explored in CRC and inflammatory responses. To this end, we extracted Lucidumol A from Ganoderma lucidum and analyzed its anticancer effect and anti-inflammatory potential in CRC cell lines and RAW264.7 macrophage-derived cell lines, respectively. A series of in vitro experiments including cell survival, wound healing, and migration assays were performed to determine the role of Lucidumol A in the CRC cell line. We also analyzed inflammatory responses using qRT-PCR, Western Blot, and ELISA in RAW 264.7 macrophaged-derived cell lines exposed to various concentrations of Lucidumol A. Lucidumol A efficiently suppressed the metastatic potential of CRC at very low concentrations. Furthermore, significant anti-inflammatory activities were observed in Lucidumol A-treated RAW264.7 cells through modulation of inflammation-associated marker genes and cytokines. In conclusion, Lucidumol A plays an important role in Ganoderma lucidum-dependent tumor suppression and anti-inflammation, suggesting different strategies to treat CRC patients, and other diseases evoked by proinflammatory cytokines, despite the need to explore further its mechanism of action.
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MORENO, Henry, Alejandro MARTINEZ M., and Yoshinori FUJIMOTO. "ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TWO STEROLS AND A TRITERPENE FROM DRY FRUITING BODIES OF <I>Ganoderma lucidum</I> CULTIVATED IN COLOMBIA." Vitae 18, no. 1 (May 17, 2011): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.8772.
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Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom belonging to Ganodermataceae family. It is known as “reishi” in Japan and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Reported metabolites include polysaccharides and triterpenoids with different biological activities. In this paper isolation and identification of ergosterol, 5,6-dihydroergosterol and lucidumol-B, are described. These compounds were isolated from methanolic extract of fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum cultivated in Colombia.
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Xia, Li Ya, Xiao Ting Li, Pei Yun Chen, and Yan Ping Pang. "Identification of Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Powder and Ganoderma Lucidum Powder Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Cluster Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.280.
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In order to identify the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and Ganoderma lucidum powder, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of samples were collected by the Fourier near-infrared spectrometer. The spectroscopy was pretreated by vector normalization and then analyzed with chemometrics method. The data of near-infrared spectra in whole spectral region was analyzed by principal component analysis, then the first 5 scores was established cluster analysis model. The results show that this method can effectively identify Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and Ganoderma lucidum powder with the 100% accuracy rate. In conclusion, Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Powder and Ganoderma Lucidum Powder Based on Near-infrared Spectroscopy and Cluster Analysis.
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Nisa, Intan Chairun, and Brilliant Margalin. "Optimasi dan uji efektivitas ekstrak Ganoderma lucidum sebagai anti-Helicobacter pylori." Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 10, no. 2 (October 11, 2021): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/bioma.v10i2.8236.
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Helicobacter pylori diketahui sebagai penyebab utama tukak lambung dengan melemahkan lapisan pelindung pada lambung dan duodenum. Sejumlah obat anti tukak lambung yang sering digunakan dapat menyebabkan resistensi pada H. pylori. Ganoderma lucidum diketahui dapat menghambat dan mendukung penyembuhan tukak lambung yang disebabkan oleh asam asetat. Akan tetapi, kemampuan G. lucidum dalam menghambat tukak lambung yang disebabkan H. pylori belum banyak diungkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak G. lucidum dalam menghambat pertumbuhan H. pylori penyebab tukak lambung. Penelitian merupakan ekperimental dua faktorial yaitu jenis pelarut fraksinasi dan konsentrasi ektrak G. lucidum. Ekstrak G. lucidum difraksinasi menggunakan dua jenis pelarut yaitu etanol 60% dan akuades. Konsentrasi ekstrak G. lucidum yang digunakan adalah 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 mg/mL. Efektivitas ekstrak G. lucidum diuji dengan metode difusi cakram. Berdasarkan analisis statistik didapat bahwa jenis pelarut berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas daya hambat H. pylori dengan nilai pada pelarut etanol 60% signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan akuades. Konsentrasi ekstrak G. lucidum baik etanol maupun akuades berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aktivitas daya hambat. Aktivitas daya hambat tertinggi adalah pada perlakuan ekstrak etanol G. lucidum konsentrasi 20 mg/ml. Kata kunci: akuades; difusi cakram; etanol; Helicobacter pylori; Ganoderma lucidum ABSTRACTOptimization and effectiveness assay of Ganoderma lucidum extract as Anti-Helicobactor pylori. Helicobacter pylori is known to be the main cause of gastric ulcers by weakening the protective lining of the stomach and duodenal. A number of gastric anti-ulcer drugs can cause resistance to H. pylori. Ganoderma lucidum is known to inhibit and support the healing of gastric ulcers caused by acetic acid. G. lucidum's ability to inhibit H. pylori growth has not been revealed much. This research aims to find out the effectiveness of G. lucidum extract in inhibiting the growth of H. pylori which causes gastric ulcers. This study is an experimental two factorial namely the type of fractionation solvent and the concentration of G. lucidum extract. Ganoderma lucidum extract is diffractionated using two types of solvents namely 60% ethanol and akuades. The concentration of G. lucidum extract used is 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 mg/mL. The effectiveness of G. lucidum is tested using the disc diffusion method. Based on statistical analysis found that the type of solvent affects the activity of H. pylori's resistance with a value in ethanol solvents 60% significantly higher than akuades On the other hand the concentration of G. lucidum extract in both ethanol and aquades has a significant effect on the activity of the slave. The highest inhibitory activity is in the treatment of ethanol extract G. lucidum concentration 20 mg / ml. Keywords: aquades; diffusion disc; ethanol; Helicobacter pylori; Ganoderma lucidum
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Cancemi, Gabriella, Santino Caserta, Sebastiano Gangemi, Giovanni Pioggia, and Alessandro Allegra. "Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Ganoderma lucidum in Cancer." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2024): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13041153.
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Triterpenoids, such as ganoderic acid, and polysaccharides, including β-D-glucans, α-D-glucans, and α-D-mannans, are the main secondary metabolites of the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum. There is evidence of the effects of ganoderic acid in hematological malignancies, whose mechanisms involve the stimulation of immune response, the macrophage-like differentiation, the activation of MAP-K pathway, an IL3-dependent cytotoxic action, the induction of cytoprotective autophagy, and the induction of apoptosis. In fact, this compound has been tested in twenty-six different human cancer cell types and has shown an anti-proliferative activity, especially in leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma lines. Moreover, research clarified the capability of molecules from Ganoderma lucidum to induce mitochondrial damage in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, without cytotoxic effects in normal mononuclear cells. Active lipids extracted from the spores of this fungus have also been shown to induce apoptosis mediated by downregulation of P-Akt and upregulation of caspases-3, -8, and -9. Among in vivo studies, a study in BALB/c mice injected with WEHI-3 leukemic cells suggested that treatment with Ganoderma lucidum promotes differentiation of T- and B-cell precursors, phagocytosis by PBMCs, and NK cell activity. Our review presents data revealing the possibility of employing Ganoderma lucidum in hematological malignancies and incorporating it into clinical practice.
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Shieh, Ying-Hua, Chi-Feng Liu, Yao-Kuan Huang, Jen-Yuann Yang, I.-Lin Wu, Chia-Hsien Lin, and Song-Chow Lin. "Evaluation of the Hepatic and Renal-protective Effects of Ganoderma lucidum in Mice." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 29, no. 03n04 (January 2001): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x01000526.
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The antioxidative effect of hot water extract of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum on ethanol-induced free radical generation had been studied. In order to further investigate the hepatic and renal protective mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum, rates of lipid peroxidation were determined. The hot water extract of Ganoderma lucidum dose-dependently exhibited antioxidative effect on mouse liver and kidney lipid peroxidation; our results indicated that hepatic and renal homogenates have a higher malonic dialdehyde level in an ethanol administered group than in the Ganoderma lucidum treated group. It was concluded that the hepatic and renal protective mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum, might be due at least in part to its prominent superoxide scavenging effect. Ganoderma extract could protect the liver and kidney from superoxide induced hepatic and renal damages.
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Chang, Te-Sheng. "Glycosylation of Ganoderic Acid F by Bacillus Glycosyltransferase." Agrochemicals 1, no. 1 (September 22, 2022): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals1010003.
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Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus and has been used for improvements of health or prevention of certain diseases in Asia for thousands of years. Despite numerous kinds of triterpenoids having been identified from G. lucidum, few natural Ganoderma triterpenoids exist in the form of glycosides (saponins). To expand the diversity of Ganoderma triterpenoids and find rare Ganoderma saponins, ganoderic acid F (GAF), a Ganoderma triterpenoid, was biotransformed by a glycosyltransferase (BsGT110) from Bacillus subtilis ATCC (American type culture collection) 6633. The results showed that BsGT110 catalyzed biotransformation of GAF to produce a metabolite, which was confirmed as a GAF glucoside by mass–mass spectroscopy. The GAF glucoside showed 89-fold higher aqueous solubility than that of GAF. The present study highlights the utility of BsGT110 in the production of novel Ganoderma triterpenoid saponins, and the newly identified and highly soluble GAF glucoside can be studied for its bioactivity in the future.
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Abulizi, Abudumijiti, Jianhua Ran, Yuwei Ye, Yongpan An, Yukun Zhang, Zhizhen Huang, Simei Lin, et al. "Ganoderic acid improves 5-fluorouracil-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice." Food & Function 12, no. 24 (2021): 12325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1fo03055h.
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Sun, Zu Li, and Ming En Guo. "Optimization on Process Parameters of Brewing Ganoderma lucidum Functional Drinking Vinegar." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.953.
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Through the biological reaction caused by self-detached acetic acid bacteria in the ganoderma lucidum deep fermented liquid, the process parameters of producing ganoderma lucidum functional drinking vinegar have been researched. Using the orthogonal experiment and the method of neural network, the nonlinear mapping model among the ganoderma lucidum functional drinking vinegar's process parameters has been established. Through the optimization, the best process parameters were: ethanol quantity was 6.7±0.2%, ganoderma lucidum liquid quantity was 32±1%, reaction time was 74h, inoculum concentration of acetic acid bacteria was 10%.
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Lian, Wenhui, Xu Yang, Qidong Duan, Jie Li, Yuting Zhao, Chunhui Yu, Tianzhu He, Tianxia Sun, Yu Zhao, and Weinan Wang. "The Biological Activity of Ganoderma lucidum on Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Interplay between Different Active Compounds and the Pathological Hallmarks." Molecules 29, no. 11 (May 26, 2024): 2516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112516.
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Neurodegenerative diseases represent a cluster of conditions characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the nervous system. Despite significant advancements in understanding these diseases, therapeutic options remain limited. The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been recognized for its comprehensive array of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, which possess potential neuroprotective properties. This literature review collates and examines the existing research on the bioactivity of active compounds and extracts from Ganoderma lucidum in modulating the pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. The structural information and preparation processes of specific components, such as individual ganoderic acids and unique fractions of polysaccharides, are presented in detail to facilitate structure–activity relationship research and scale up the investigation of in vivo pharmacology. The mechanisms of these components against neurodegenerative diseases are discussed on multiple levels and elaborately categorized in different patterns. It is clearly presented from the patterns that most polysaccharides of Ganoderma lucidum possess neurotrophic effects, while ganoderic acids preferentially target specific pathogenic proteins as well as regulating autophagy. Further clinical trials are necessary to assess the translational potential of these components in the development of novel multi-target drugs for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Babatunde, Tolulope Olamide Okeowo, Oluwatosin Adefunke Adetuyi, Oluwaseun Abraham Adebisi, Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana, Oyeyemi Janet Oretade, Najat Marraiki, Amany Magdy Beshbishy, Nermeen N. Welson, and Gaber El-Saber Batiha. "Ganoderma Lucidum from Red Mushroom Attenuates Formaldehyde-Induced Liver Damage in Experimental Male Rat Model." Biology 9, no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9100313.
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The majority of liver-related illnesses are caused by occupational and domestic exposure to toxic chemicals like formaldehyde (FA), which is widely common in Africa and the world at large. Hence, measures should be taken to protect humans from its hazardous effects. This study, therefore, examines the protective potential of Ganoderma lucidum (100 mg/kg body weight) on formaldehyde-induced (40%) liver oxido-inflammation in male rats. Male Wistar rats, 150–200 g, were allotted into four groups of 10 animals as follows: Group 1 was orally treated with 1 mg/mL distilled water, Group 2 was exposed to a 40% formaldehyde vapor environment for 30 min per day, Group 3 was orally treated with 100 mg/kg ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum, and Group 4 was co-administered formaldehyde and 100 mg/kg ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum. Rats were then sacrificed 24 h after administering the last dose of treatment, and the livers were excised. Ganoderma lucidum significantly reversed the formaldehyde-mediated reduction in body and organ weight. Ganoderma lucidum administration significantly prevented oxido-inflammation by reducing the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione contents, as well as the normal level of nitrite and myeloperoxidase production in FA-treated rats. Additionally, Ganoderma lucidum reversed a large decline in proinflammatory markers in formaldehyde. Furthermore, Ganoderma lucidum restores formaldehyde-induced histological alterations in the liver. Collectively, our results provide valuable information on the protective potential of Ganoderma lucidum in protecting formaldehyde-induced liver oxido-inflammation in male rats.
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Mojani Qomi, Mansooreh Sadat, and Monireh Hatami. "Effects of Powder, Extracts, and Components of Ganoderma Lucidum in Treatment of Diabetes." Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences 29, no. 4 (January 1, 2021): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jgums.29.4.1509.1.
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Ganoderma lucidum is known in China and Japan as Ling-Zhi and Reishi. Due to medicinal properties and different nutritional compositions, ganoderma lucidum is currently used in food products. It contains essential fatty acids, essential amino acids, and a wide range of polysaccharides; all of which seem to be effective in lowering blood sugar level. This study aims to review the anti-diabetic and hypoglycemic effects of various powders, extracts, and components of ganoderma lucidum, by searching articles in Persian and English published from 2001 to 2020 in SID, MagIran, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases using the keywords: Active compounds, ganoderma lucidum, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia. The results showed that ganoderma lucidum uptake in most cases reduced fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance in diabetic patients due to the its active compounds including the extracted polysaccharides, proteins and triterpenoids. Moreover, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties seems to reduce the complications of diabetes. In conclusion, the consumption of ganoderma lucidum in diabetic patients can be effective in controlling and preventing the disease, although more studies are needed on its effective dose, side effects and toxicity in human samples.
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., Surahmaida. "Review: Potensi Berbagai Spesies Ganoderma Sebagai Tanaman Obat." Journal of Pharmacy and Science 2, no. 1 (May 7, 2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v2i1.61.
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ABSTRAKDi dunia, jamur Ganodermatelah dikenal sebagai jamur obat. Ganoderma lebih dikenal dengan sebutan jamur Lingzhi atau Reishi. Dari 2000 spesies Ganoderma, hanya 6 spesies yang telah diteliti memiliki efek potensial dalam bidang kesehatan, yaitu G. lucidum, G. applanatum, G. tsugae, G. oregonense, G. boninense, dan G. neojapanicum. Kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung di dalam Ganoderma terus dikembangkan dalam pemanfaatannya sebagai obat alternatif. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan jamur Ganoderma bebas dari efek samping.Enam spesies Ganoderma ini memiliki karakteristik dengan berbagai potensi kesehatan yang berbedabeda dan berkhasiat sebagai bahan obat. Dari keenam Ganoderma, hanya G. boninense yang memiliki toksisitas terhadap larva udang Artemia salina.Kata Kunci: Tipe-tipe Ganoderma sp, karakteristik fisik, senyawa bioaktif, manfaat Ganoderma sp. bagi kesehatanABSTRACTIn the world, the fungus Ganoderma has been known as a medicinal mushroom. Ganoderma is known as Lingzhi or Reishi mushroom. From 2000 Ganoderma species, only six species that have been studied have a potential effect on health, namely G. lucidum, G. applanatum, G. tsugae, G. oregonense, G. boninense, and G. neojapanicum. The content of bioactive compounds contained in Ganoderma continue to be developed in their usage as an alternative medicine. This is what causes the fungus Ganoderma is free from side effects. Six speciesof Ganoderma has characteristics with various health potentials that vary and efficacious as a drug ingredient. Of the six Ganoderma, only G. boninense has toxicity to the shrimp larvae of Artemia salina.Keywords: Types of Ganodermasp., physical characteristics, bioactive components, health benefits of Ganoderma sp.
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Li, Xiao Ting, Li Ya Xia, Pei Yun Chen, and Yan Ping Pang. "Identification of the Content of Ganoderma Lucidum Powder in Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Powder Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.656.
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In order to identify the content of Ganoderma lucidum powder in Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of samples were collected by the Fourier near-infrared spectrometer. The spectroscopy was pretreated by minimum and maximum normalization and then analyzed with partial least squares (PLS) method. The spectral at 6110 cm-1 to 4598 cm-1 was establish PLS model with factors number 10. The result show that the squared correlation coefficient R2 between predicted value and true value is 99.99%, and RMSECV is 0.382. In conclusion, Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and Ganoderma lucidum powder can be identified accurately and quickly based on near-infrared spectroscopy and PLS.
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Quan, Yan Ling, Yi Sheng Liu, Sheng Quan Xie, and Zhi Liang Xu. "Research on Chemical Mutagenes is Breeding of Ganoderma lucidum." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 1086–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1086.
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In this paper, using the methods of Chemical mutagenesis to deal with the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum, use the concentration of 0.1mol/L sodium nitrite to mutation processing the ganoderma lucidum mycelia of 5min.In order to get the strains that has more robust growth ability than the original mycelia. So we can get the Technical guidance for the breeding and industrialized production of Ganoderma lucidum.
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Guo, Wei-Ling, Jian-Bin Guo, Bin-Yu Liu, Jin-Qiang Lu, Min Chen, Bin Liu, Wei-Dong Bai, Ping-Fan Rao, Li Ni, and Xu-Cong Lv. "Ganoderic acid A from Ganoderma lucidum ameliorates lipid metabolism and alters gut microbiota composition in hyperlipidemic mice fed a high-fat diet." Food & Function 11, no. 8 (2020): 6818–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo00436g.
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Ganoderic acid A from Ganoderma lucidum has the potential to prevent hyperlipidemia, modulates the composition of gut microbiota in hyperlipidemic mice, and significantly attenuates the liver metabolite profile in hyperlipidemic mice.
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Wu, Bo, Qing Hua Feng, Li Li Geng, Ke Wen Shu, and Dong Zhang. "Study on the Optimal Hydrolysis Conditions of Ganoderma lucidum Spore Powder under Microwave Irradiation." Advanced Materials Research 900 (February 2014): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.900.293.
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In this article, the main influence factors of ganoderma lucidum spore powder hydrolysis in pure water under microwave irradiation were studied by using the method of orthogonal experiment. Weight ratio of ganoderma lucidum spore powder to water, reaction time, microwave power and temperature was considered as the influence factors in detail. It was concluded that the temperature was the main factor in hydrolytic process. The order of the influence factors: temperature > weight ratio of ganoderma lucidum spore powder to water > microwave power > reaction time. And the optimal reaction condition was as the temperature 150 °C, weight ratio of ganoderma lucidum spore powder to water 1:40, microwave power 100 W and reaction time 105 min.
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Li, Zengmei, Xiang Ji, Chunmei Yuan, and Shengqun Ma. "Bioactivity of Ganoderma lucidum and optimization of mycelial fermentation conditions." BIO Web of Conferences 61 (2023): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236101016.
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Ganoderma lucidum is a very precious traditional Chinese medicine. It has good pharmacological effects because of its polysaccharides, triterpenoids and other biological activities. Ganoderma lucidum mycelium is rich in Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and other substances, but it is difficult to obtain under natural conditions, so it is generally obtained through artificial inoculation or fermentation. Therefore, it is imperative to optimize the mycelium fermentation conditions. The range of fermentation time, temperature and pH of response surface analysis was determined by single factor experiment. The optimal fermentation conditions were fermentation temperature 28℃, pH=7, fermentation time 7 days, and mycelium biomass of (7±0.1) g/L. The results provide data reference for better utilization and development of Ganoderma lucidum.
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Yeung, Steven, Quanlan Chen, Yongbang Yu, Bingsen Zhou, Wei Wu, Xia Li, Ying Huang, and Zhijun Wang. "Quality evaluation of commercial products of Ganoderma lucidum made from its fruiting body and spore." Acta Chromatographica 34, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1326.2020.00825.
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Abstract Ganoderma lucidum (GL), also known as Reishi or Lingzhi, is a medicinal mushroom widely used in traditional and folk medicines. The extracts made from the fruiting body and spore of naturally grown GL are the most frequently used in commercial products. More than 400 compounds have been identified in GL with the triterpenoids considered to be the major active components. Large variations in the chemical components were reported in previous studies and there is no comprehensive study of the content of multiple major triterpenoids in the GL product. In addition, there is no report in the comparison of chemical profiles in different parts of GL (i.e., fruiting body and spore). Determining the chemical composition and comparing the differences between fruiting body and spore are essential for the identity, efficacy and safety of various GL products. In this study, 13 compounds (ganoderenic Acid C, ganoderic Acid C2, ganoderic Acid G, ganoderic Acid B, ganoderenic Acid B, ganoderic Acid A, ganoderic Acid H, ganoderenic Acid D, ganoderic Acid D, ganoderic Acid F, ganoderic Acid DM, ganoderol A, and ergosterol) were selected as the chemical markers. The purpose of this study is to develop an HPLC-DAD fingerprint method for quantification of these active components in GL (spore and fruiting body) and test the feasibility of using the HPLC-DAD fingerprint for quality control or identity determination of GL products. The results showed that this method could determine the levels of the major components accurately and precisely. Among the 13 components, 11 ganoderma acids were identified to be proper chemical markers for quality control of GL products, while ganoderal A was in a very low amount and ergosterol was not a specific marker in GL. The extracts of fruiting body contained more chemical compounds than those of spore, indicating that these 11 compounds could be a better chemical marker for the fruiting body than the spore. The HPLC chemical fingerprint analysis showed higher variability in the quality of GL harvest in different years, while lesser variation in batches harvested in the same year. In conclusion, an HPLC assay detecting 11 major active components and a fingerprinting method was successfully established and validated to be feasible for quality control of most commercial GL products.
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Uddin Pk, Moyen, Rabiul I. Talukder, Mohammad K. I. Sarkar, Tasnia Rahman, Rumana Pervin, Matiar Rahman, Elina A. Zenat, and Lima Akther. "Effect of Solvents on Phytochemicals Content and Antioxidant Activity of Ganoderma lucidum." Open Microbiology Journal 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801913010010.
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the induction of solvents on the total phenol and flavonoid content and also the antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum extracts. Materials & Methods: In this study, two concentrations (100% and 75%) of diethyl ether, ethanol, butanol, chloroform, and acetone were used as extractants of Ganoderma lucidum. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were measured by spectrophotometric methods and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Free radical scavenging assay was used for the investigation of antioxidant activity. Results & Discussion: Extractants significantly affected the % yield of extract, the quantity of phenol and flavonoids and antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom. The highest extraction yield, around 38%, was achieved by 75% acetone, followed by 100% acetone (about 36%) and 75% chloroform (approximate 21%). Hydro-acetone extract exhibited the most significant antioxidative properties (EC50 value; 645.55 µg/mL) comprised of a higher total of phenol content. In conclusion, the total phenol content encouraged the antioxidative potential of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the selective extraction of Ganoderma lucidum shows significant biological activities.
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Khaytmetova, S. B., A. S. Turaev, G. A. Khalilova, B. I. Muhitdinov, and S. R. Makkamboeva. "Isolation and Physicochemical Characteristics of Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Locally Growing and Cultivated Basidium Raw Materials of Ganoderma lucidum." Высокомолекулярные соединения А 65, no. 5 (September 1, 2023): 362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2308112023600084.
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Branched polysaccharides have been isolated from basidiomycete raw materials of locally growing and cultivated Ganoderma lucidum. It has been found that the isolated fractions contain branched polysaccharides in the form of complexes with melanin. After purification of polysaccharides by ion exchange chromatography from locally growing and cultivated basidial raw materials, two fractions have been obtained: neutral polysaccharides of locally growing Ganoderma lucidum (GW-1), cultivated Ganoderma lucidum (GWL-1) with a yield of 25.71 and 29.85%, respectively, and anionic polysaccharides of locally growing Ganoderma lucidum (GW-2), cultivated Ganoderma lucidum (GWL-2), with a yield of 5.26 and 4.19%. The physicochemical properties of the obtained samples have been studied by IR and UV spectroscopies. The purity degree of fractions of branched polysaccharides has been determined. Using gas chromatography, one-dimensional (13C NMR, 1H NMR), and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) NMR spectroscopies, the compositions and molecular structures of the obtained polysaccharide samples have been determined. The results showed that the isolated and purified polysaccharides are β-glucan-type branched polysaccharides that have branch point (1,4,6)- and (1,3,6)-linked glucopyranose residues.
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Zhang, Ziheng, Peiyao Song, Yueqi Zhao, Yuhang Li, Kuangzhen Shao, Guangjie Bao, and Manli Guo. "Pharmacological Effects and Related Mechanisms of Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharides at the Cellular Level." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 91 (April 15, 2024): 422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/vd1ry878.
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Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are the primary active constituents of Ganoderma lucidum. Existing researches indicate that they possess multiple pharmacological effects and benefits, including anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-aging, hypoglycemic, and immune-modulating properties. Studies on the cellular impact of Ganoderma polysaccharides have predominantly focused on various cell types, including malignant tumor cells, immune cells, cardiac myocytes, neurons, hepatocytes, and fibroblasts. In this paper, we review and summarize recent literature primarily related to these pharmacological effects at the cellular level and their underlying mechanisms. Our aim is to provide insights and references for the deep clinical development and utilization of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.
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Seweryn, Ewa, Anna Ziała, and Andrzej Gamian. "Health-Promoting of Polysaccharides Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 7, 2021): 2725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082725.
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Medicinal mushrooms are rich sources of pharmacologically active compounds. One of the mushrooms commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine is Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. Ex Fr.) Karst. In Asian countries it is treated as a nutraceutical, whose regular consumption provides vitality and improves health. Ganoderma lucidum is an important source of biologically active compounds. The pharmacologically active fraction of polysaccharides has antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antineurodegenerative and antidiabetic activities. In this review, we summarize the activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP).
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Dai, Yuqiao, Yabing Liu, Yuanlin LI, Qin Li, Zhongying Liu, Tuo Zhang, Ting Yang, Shimao Fang, Beibei Zhang, and Ke Pan. "Solid-State Fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum on the Soluble Sugar Metabolism of Three Summer–Autumn Black Tea Varieties." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 2024 (May 22, 2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8856934.
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Soluble sugar is one of the important characteristic metabolites contributing to the flavor quality of tea. However, little is known about the changes and metabolic pathways of sugar in summer–autumn black tea varieties during the solid-state fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the effects of the solid-state fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum on soluble sugar metabolism in three summer–autumn black tea varieties. In this study, we combined targeted metabolomics technology, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and multivariate statistical analysis to reveal the metabolic rules of 13 different sugars in three varieties of summer–autumn black tea under the action of Ganoderma lucidum. Using multivariate statistical analysis, 8 common key sugar differential metabolites were selected from the three groups of samples: D-fructose, trehalose, lactose, maltose, D-galactose, glucose, L-rhamnose, and xylitol. The eight different sugars contributed to the quality difference between Ganoderma lucidum tea and black tea in this study. To better explore the patterns of sugar changes, the metabolic pathways of 13 different sugars were screened and analyzed. The result revealed that the solid-state fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum increased the sweet characteristics and decreased the bitter characteristics of the three summer–autumn black tea varieties. In addition, these results showed that the solid-state fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum could produce lactose in tea, reduce glucose and fructose contents, and increase xylitol content. The solid-state fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum can regulate soluble sugar metabolism in three summer–autumn black tea varieties, leading to an improvement in their quality. This study has potential practical significance for regulating the flavor quality of summer–autumn tea.
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Surahmaida, Surahmaida, Tri Puji Lestari Sudarwati, and Junairiah Junairiah. "Analisis GCMS terhadap Senyawa Fitokimia Ekstrak Metanol Ganoderma lucidum." Jurnal Kimia Riset 3, no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v3i2.12060.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis senyawa fitokimia ekstrak metanol Ganoderma lucidum dengan metode GCMS. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi proses ekstraksi serbuk halus G. lucidum menggunakan pelarut metanol dengan metode maserasi selama 3x3 hari dan ekstrak metanol G. lucidum yang didapatkan dianalisis dengan alat GCMS. Senyawa fitokimia yang teridentifikasi oleh GCMS antara lain thiophene, 2-hexyl-; 3-((3-Acetoxythyl)-6-acetoxymethyl-2,4-dimethyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-(E)-2-propenyl acetate; 2,7-Diphenylindole; dan 5-(2-Bromophenyl)-7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa fitokimia pada ekstrak metanol G. lucidum memiliki efek farmakologis bagi kesehatan manusia dan aktivitas biologis lainnya. Katakunci: Ganoderma lucidum, senyawa fitokimia, GCMS AbstractThis study aims to analyze the phytochemical compounds of methanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum using the GCMS method. The stages of this study include extraction of fine powder G. lucidum using methanol solvent by maceration method for 3x3 days and methanol extract of G. lucidum obtained were analyzed by GCMS. Phytochemical compounds identified by GCMS is thiophene, 2-hexyl-; 3 - ((3-Acetoxythyl) -6-acetoxymethyl-2,4-dimethyl) phenyl) -2-methyl- (E) -2-propenyl acetate; 2,7-Diphenylindole; and 5- (2-Bromophenyl) -7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one. It can be concluded that phytochemical compounds in methanol extract of G. lucidum have pharmacological effects on human health and other biological activities. Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum, phytochemical compounds, GCMS
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Bhadra, M., A. Khair, MA Hossain, and MM Sikder. "In vitro evaluation of biocontrol agents and fungicides on wood decay fungiganoderma associated with mortality of tree legumes." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 6, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v6i2.31702.
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An experiment was conducted to isolate a number of biocontrol agent- Trichoderma spp. from infected spawn packets of oyster mushroom at National Mushroom Development and Extension Centre, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. These bio-control agents were used as antagonist against four wild wood decay fungi of Ganoderma, viz., G. lucidum-1, G. lucidum-2, G. lucidum-3, G. applanatum and two cultivated G. lucidum-4, G.lucidum-6 under in vitro condition. An in vitro trial of Trichoderma spp. against Ganoderma were performed by dual culture, by treating with volatile, non-volatile and naturally untreated metabolites of bio-control agents. In dual culture, all the Trichoderma species showed 70- 100% mycelia inhibition of G. lucidum-1 and G. lucidum-2, 55.6-100% inhibition of G. lucidum-3, 20-66.7% of G. applanatum, 100% of G. lucidum-5, 75-100% of G. lucidum-6. Effects of heat killed extracts of Trichoderma spp. on growth of G. lucidum-2 (wild) and G. lucidum-6 (cultivated) were also evaluated. Fungicides Bavistin and Dithane M-45 were also used to investigate the mycelial growth inhibition of Ganoderma spp.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (2): 31-35, December, 2016
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D.L., Tri Retno, Nana Mulyana, Nurhasni Nurhasni, and Uswatun Hasanah. "PENGARUH RADIASI SINAR GAMMA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN DEGRADASI LIGNIN PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM DAN GANODERMA LUCIDUM." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Nuklir Indonesia 17, no. 1 (March 18, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jstni.2016.17.1.2400.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas enzim ektraseluler fungi lignoselulotik yakni Phanerochaete chrysosporium dan Ganoderma lucidum dalam mendegradasi limbah lignoselulosa. Lignoselulosa sulit didegradasi karena terdiri dari lignin, selulosa dan hemiselulosa. Phanerochaete chrysosporium dan Ganoderma lucidum dari kelompok White Rot Fungi dapat mendegradasi lignin karena mampu mensintesa enzim lignin peroksidase (LiP). Iradisi sinar gamma dosis rendah mampu menstimulasi peningkatan aktivitas enzim ekstraselular. Fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium dan Ganoderma lucidum dalam medium slent dipapar dengan iradiasi gamma pada dosis 0 (kontrol), 200, 400, 600, 800 dan 1000 Gy. Di dalam medium cair mengandung Potatoes Dextrose Broth (PDB), garam mineral dengan substrat Lignin Alkali 0 dan 5%b/v, fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium yang dipapar sinar gamma dosis 600 Gy memiliki aktivitas LiP (30U/mL) sebesar 2,5 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol (12 U/mL). Sedangkan Ganoderma lucidum yang dipapari radiasi gamma dengan dosis 800 Gy memiliki aktivitas LiP (34U/mL) sebesar 1,7 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol (20 U/mL). Fermentasi padat substrat serbuk kayu jati putih (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) selama 12 hari dengan pH 6,4; dan kadar air 79% oleh fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium yang diradiasi sinar gamma dosis 600 Gy memiliki efisiensi degradasi lignin sebesar 42%, sedangkan pada fungi Ganoderma lucidum yang diradiasi sinar gamma dosis 800 Gy memiliki efisiensi degradasi lignin sebesar 21% dengan kondisi optimal pH 7,6 dan kadar air 71,3%. INFLUENCE OF GAMMA RAYS RADIATION ON LIGNIN DEGRADATION POTENCY OF PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM AND GANODERMA LUCIDUM. This research aims to increase the activity of extracellular enzymes lignolitik fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Ganoderma lucidum to degrade lignocellulosic waste. Lignocellulosic difficult to degrade because it is composed of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Ganoderma lucidum group White rot fungi can degrade lignin because it is able to synthesize enzymes lignin peroxidase (LiP). Iradisi low dose gamma rays capable menstimulsi increase extracellular enzyme activity. Fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Ganoderma lucidum in medium slent exposed to gamma irradiation at doses of 0 (control), 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 Gy. In a liquid medium containing Potatoes Dextrose Broth (PDB), mineral salts with the substrate Lignin Alkali 0 and 5% w / v, fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium were exposed to a dose of 600 Gy of gamma rays have LiP activity (30U / mL) by 2.5 times higher compared with controls (12 U / mL). While Ganoderma lucidum that are exposed to gamma radiation at a dose of 800 Gy has LiP activity (34U / mL) was 1.7 times higher than the control (20 U / mL). On a solid substrate fermentation of white teak powder (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) For 12 days at pH 6.4 and water content of 79% by fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium were exposed to gamma ray dose of 600 Gy has an efficiency of lignin degradation by 42%, whereas on fungi Ganoderma lucidum that are exposed gamma ray dose of 800 Gy has an efficiency of lignin degradation by 21% with optimal conditions of pH 7. And ; water content of 71.3%.
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Handrianto, Prasetyo. "Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Jamur Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) Menggunakan Pelarut Etanol 96% Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Pharmacy and Science 2, no. 2 (July 7, 2017): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v2i2.80.
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ABSTRAKStaphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri yang relatif sering dijumpai pada manusia. Beberapa infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus antara lain, bisul, infeksi luka dan pneumonia. Salah satu obattradisional yang dapat digunakan untuk mengobati infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus adalah jamur lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum). Penelitian dilakukan dengan 5 konsentrasi ekstrak etanol jamur lingzhi, yaitu kontrol negatif (0 µg/ml), 20 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml, 60 µg/ml, 80 µg/ml dan 100 µg/ml dan dilakukan 6 kali pengulangan. Metode yang digunakan dalam uji aktivitas antimikroba yaitu metode difusi kertas cakram. Data zona hambat dianalisis dengan uji Anova One-Way. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol jamurlingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) dengan konsentrasi 100 µg/ml memiliki rata-rata daya hambat tertinggi yaitu sebesar 18,0 mm (sangat aktif). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi ekstrak jamur lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum), maka akan berpengaruh besar pula terhadap zona hambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.Keyword : Antibakteri, Ganoderma lucidum, Staphylococcus aureus, Etanol.ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureus is a bacteria that can cause infections , such as boils , wound infections and pneumonia. One of the traditional medicines that can be used to treat these infections are fungal lingzhi (Ganodermalucidum). The study was conducted with five concentrations of negative control (0 µg/ml), 20 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml, 60 µg/ml, 80 µg/ml, and 100 µg/ml with six repeats. The method used in the test of antimicrobial activity is paper disc diffusion method. Data of inhibition zone were analyzed by Anova-One Way test. The results showed that the ethanol extract of lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) at concentration 100 µg/ml has highest average of inhibitory regions as big as 18,0 mm. It can be concluded that the greater the concentration of extract of lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) , it will affect the greater the inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus.Keyword : Antibakteri, Ganoderma lucidum, Staphylococcus aureus, Etanol.
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Yang, Zhikang, Congbao Su, Zhoujie Xu, Yiting Liu, Jianhui Chen, and Xiaoping Wu. "Mechanistic and Functional Studies on the Microbial Induction of Wolfiporia cocos Liquid Fermentation Products." Foods 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2024): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13101578.
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Liquid fermentation is an efficient culture for obtaining polysaccharides from edible mushrooms. In this study, the polysaccharide content and biomass were examined by introducing microorganisms into the Wolfiporia cocos fermentation system. Three edible mushroom co-fermentation systems were established, among which the Wolfiporia cocos-Ganoderma lucidum co-fermentation system significantly increased the mycelial biomass of the system by 57.71% compared to Wolfiporia cocos alone and 91.22% compared to Ganoderma lucidum alone, and the intracellular polysaccharide content was significantly increased. Physiological activities of polysaccharides showed that mycelial polysaccharides in the Wolfiporia cocos-Ganoderma lucidum system had stronger anti-tumor cell value-adding and anti-tumor cell migration activities compared with Wolfiporia cocos and Ganoderma lucidum fermentation alone. The transcriptomic study of Wolfiporia cocos mycelium induced by exogenous substances suggested that the exogenous substances could enhance the intracellular polysaccharide content of Wolfiporia cocos through the upregulation of the expression of α-glycosyltransferase encoded by ALG10 and the downregulation of α-glycosidases encoded by MAN1B in the glycolytic metabolism of Wolfiporia cocos. This study provides a new direction for the transformation of polysaccharides from Wolfiporia cocos and Ganoderma lucidum into functional foods and new product development, and provides an experimental basis.
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Lin, Wen Tsann, Meng Hua Li, Shen Tsu Wang, Kuo Liang Weng, and Shih Chia Huang. "Optimal Target Value Process of Fermented Soybean Liquid Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum Using the Taguchi Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 63-64 (June 2011): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.63-64.247.
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This study developed a lactic-acid beverage of Ganoderma lucidum fermented soybean liquid, and used DMAIC to improve soybean fermentation with Ganoderma lucidum. The Taguchi method was utilized to determine the important factors for improvement. The range of parameters (inoculation amount, dissolved oxygen content, and temperature) greatly affecting the process served as reference for controlled factor levels in the Taguchi method. The Taguchi method analyzed the contribution rates of various control parameters and obtained the optimal control factor combinations, with the highest Polysaccharides target value. The inoculation amount was 6%, dissolved oxygen content was 90%, and temperature was 30°C. By using the same fixed factors, Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides was 2.59-4.56 g/kg and 4.46-4.63 g/kg, before and after improvement, respectively. The process can increase Polysaccharides yield from Ganoderma lucidum and stabilize the yield rate.
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Viet Hung, Tran, Phan Nguyen Truong Thang, Ha Minh Hien, Vu Thi Diep, Nguyen Thi Thu, Duong Minh Tan, Duy Toan Pham, Do Thi Ha, and Duyen Thi My Huynh. "Cytotoxic Activities and Fingerprint Analysis of Triterpenes by HPTLC Technique for Distinguishing Ganoderma Species from Vietnam and other Asian Countries." Plants 11, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 3397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233397.
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Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) P. Karst. (Ganodermataceae), commonly called Linhzhi, is traditionally employed in the treatment of human diseases, including hepatitis, liver disorders, hypercholesterolemia, arthritis, bronchitis, and tumorigenic diseases. In this study, the fingerprint profiles of five different strains of G. lucidum originated from Japan, Korea, China, and Vietnam, five samples of G. lucidum growing on Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv. in Vietnam, and five related Linhzhi species (Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma australe, Ganoderma clossum, Ganoderma subresinosu, and Ganoderma sp.) were investigated for triterpene derivatives using high-pressure, thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The HPTLC fingerprint profiles demonstrated significant differences between G. lucidum and other related Linhzhi species in the presence of triterpene derivatives. Evaluation for the cytotoxicity of these samples against four cancer cell lines, including A549, MCF7, PC3, and HepG2, displayed various levels of cytotoxic effects, with IC50 values of: 15.6–46.3 µg/mL on the A549 cancer cell line, of 18.4–43.6 µg/mL on the MCF7 cancer cell line, of 10.0–32.1 µg/mL on the PC3 cancer cell line, and of 10.6–27.6 µg/mL on the HepG2 cancer cell line. Conclusively, these data contributed to the literature on the cytotoxic activities and fingerprint analysis of triterpenes by the HPTLC technique for distinguishing Ganoderma species from Vietnam and other Asian countries.
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Kao, Chi H. J., Karen S. Bishop, Dug Yeo Han, Pamela M. Murray, Marcus P. Glucina, Gareth J. Marlow, and Lynnette R. Ferguson. "A comparison of the gene expression profiles and pathway network analyses after treatment of Prostate cancer cell lines with different Ganoderma lucidum based extracts." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 4, no. 5 (July 27, 2014): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v4i5.12.
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Background: Ganoderma lucidum is a type of fungus commonly consumed in Asia for the promotion of health and longevity. The observed biological activity of G. lucidum includes anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects which may be useful in the treatment and prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases. G. lucidum grows under conditions which range from tropical to temperate and has a different physiology depending on the geographical region in which it is grown. For this reason, the health benefits may vary depending on the form of G. lucidum and the environmental conditions to which it was exposed. This led us to investigate the effect of wildly grown G. lucidum, from the Himalayan region versus other commercially available G. lucidum products, on two human cancer cell lines.Methods: Extraction of the bioactive components found in G. lucidum is essential, as the fungus is tough and indigestible. Four different Ganoderma extracts were prepared. Thereafter, the extracts were tested on two human prostate cancer cell lines, and the IC50s were determined. This was followed by the use of Affymetrix GeneChip® PrimeView™ Human Gene Expression Arrays to identify the changes in gene expression due to the treatment of prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and DU145) with Ganoderma extracts. Several key genes identified with Affymetrix analysis were validated using RT-PCR.Results and Discussion: We found that all the Ganoderma extracts showed growth inhibition in the cancer cell lines tested. Using Affymetrix microarray analysis, we identified four main biologically active pathways: cell cycle control/apoptosis, cell-cell adhesion, DNA repair, and inflammatory /immune response, where activity was influenced by the Ganoderma extracts used. Using RT-PCR, we tested ten genes associated with all four pathways. The RT-PCR results supported our findings in the Affymetrix analysis, i.e. that G. lucidum extracts have an anti-inflammatory and cell cycle effect and therefore may have long term health benefits. These effects were specific to the extract tested.Key Words: Ganoderma lucidum, PC3, DU145, gene expression, Affymetrix, pathways, RT-PCR
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Handrianto, Prasetyo. "Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Jamur Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Pharmacy and Science 3, no. 1 (January 7, 2018): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v3i1.73.
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Penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri, jamur, virus dan parasit semakin sering dilaporkan di Indonesia. Salah satu bakteri yang menyebabkan penyakit yang Staphylococcus aureus. Obat antibakteri yang paling penting dalam penggunaan klinis antibiotik, yang kebanyakan adalah senyawa yang berasal dari alam, bahan alami yang dapat digunakan adalah Ganoderma lucidum. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak Ganoderma lucidum terhadap zona hambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode difusi kertas cakram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan zona hambat bakteri pada konsentrasi 20 μg/ml (8,8 mm) dengan kategori tidak aktif, 40 μg/ml (11,5 mm) dengan kategori kurang aktif, 60 μg/ml (13,4 mm) dengan kategori kurang aktif, 80 μg/ml (15,4 mm) dengan kategori aktif, and 100 μg/ml (17,0 mm) dengan kategori sangat aktif. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak Ganoderma lucidum berpengaruh terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.Kata kunci: Jamur Lingzhi ( Ganoderma lucidum ), Staphylococcus aureus, antibakteri, Metanol .
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G. HUSSIEN, Zainab. "CHEMICAL CONTENT STUDY IN GANODERMA LUCIDUM COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS." MINAR International Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8234.13.14.
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In the past several decades there are growing appeals for utilizing plants as a source of chemicals that act as feed supplements and drugs for promoting health. This study was carried out to estimate: Firstly, The quality of phytochemicals on Ganoderma lucidum. The results exhibit that Saponins, Alkaloids, Tannins, Flavonoids, Phenols, and Glycosides were present in all samples of Ganoderma lucidum. Secondly, the levels of trace elements (Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, and V) in five samples of Ganoderma lucidum commercial products were estimated by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Fe has the highest level with 130.60 ± 1.63 ppm, Followed by Mg at 50.76 ± 1.19 ppm and Mn at 20.19 ± 0.54 ppm, On the other hand, Cu, Cr, and V recorded the lower levels with 5.49 ± 0.35 ppm, 0.73 ± 0.04 ppm and 0.36 ± 0.02 ppm respectively. Keywords: Carbohydrate, Ganoderma Lucidum, Iron, Saponins, Trace Elements
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Prasetyo Handrianto and Siti Annurijati Hatidja. "AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK ETANOL JAMUR LINGZHI (Ganoderma lucidum) DENGAN METODE SOXHLET TERHADAP ZONA HAMBAT Candida albicans." Journal of Research and Technology 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55732/jrt.v4i2.198.
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Infectious disease is the type of disease that most people suffer from in developing countries, including Indonesia. One of the causes of infectious diseases is Candida albicans. Lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum) is one of the plants in Indonesiawhich has potential as an antimicrobial. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial ability of lingzhi mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum) ethanol extract against Candida albicans. The research method uses soxhlet methods. The results showed bacterialinhibition zones at concentrations of 20 μg/ml (8.3 mm) in the inactive category, 40 μg/ml (9.3 mm) with the inactive category, 60 μg/ml (10.5 mm) with the category less active, 80 μg / ml (11.4 mm) with the active category, and 100 μg/ml (12.6 mm) in thevery active category. It can be concluded that the extract of Ganoderma Lucidum has an effect to Candida albicans bacteria. Based on observational data analyzed with the Oneway Anova test, it obtained a significant value of .000. This showed that there were differences in inhibition zones formed from various concentrations. Based on research antimicrobial activity of lingzhi mushroom ethanol extract (Ganoderma lucidum) used soxhlet method had an effect to inhibitory zone of Candida albicans.
Keywords: Candida albicans, Inhibit Zone, Lingzhi Mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum).
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Bulam, Sanem, Nebahat Şule Üstün, and Aysun Pekşen. "Health Benefits of Ganoderma lucidum as a Medicinal Mushroom." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, sp1 (December 10, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp1.84-93.2728.
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Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst., known as “Lingzhi” in China or “Reishi” in Japan, is a well-known medicinal mushroom and traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used for the prevention and treatment of bronchitis, allergies, hepatitis, immunological disorders and cancer. G. lucidum is rarely collected from nature and mostly cultivated on wood logs and sawdust in plastic bags or bottles to meet the demands of international markets. Diverse groups of chemical compounds with pharmacological activities, isolated from the mycelia and fruiting bodies of G. lucidum are triterpenoids, polysaccharides (β-D-glucans), proteins, amino acids, nucleosides, alkaloids, steroids, lactones, lectins, fatty acids, and enzymes. The biologically active compounds as primarily triterpenoids and polysaccharides of G. lucidum have been reported to possess hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, antihistaminic effects and antioxidant, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antiangiogenic activities. Several formulations have been developed, patented and used as nutraceuticals, nutriceuticals and pharmaceuticals from G. lucidum’s water or ethanol extracts and rarely purified active compounds. As the result of clinical trials, various products have commercially become available as syrup, injection, tablet, tincture or bolus of powdered medicine and an ingredient or additive in dark chocolate bars and organic fermented medicinal mushroom drink mixes such as green teas, coffees, and hot cacaos. This review has intended to give and discuss recent knowledge on phytochemical and pharmacological compositions, therapeutic and side effects, clinical trials, and commercial products of G. lucidum.
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Pascale, Carolina, Rodica Sirbu, and Emin Cadar. "Importance of Bioactive Compounds of Ganoderma lucidum Extract in Medical Field." European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences 5, no. 1 (May 26, 2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/549xqp57.
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Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known medicinal mushroom with a long history, used as an ancient remedy for promoting health and increasing longevity. This species of Ganoderma genus is important for our study because it has an interesting chemical composition and pharmacological benefits such as immune suppressor, hypocholesterolaemia, hypotensive, antitumoral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agents, and more others. G. lucidum chemical composition has many compounds such as vitamins (mainly Vitamin E), polysaccharides, triterpenes and each one of them is offering a distinctive pharmacological effect. This species of Ganoderma medicinal mushroom is used extensively for its internal effect on improving immune system, hepatoprotective benefit and additionally, a large variety of people consume Ganoderma lucidum as tea infusion and coffee because its antioxidant and reducing stress effects.
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Wahyuni, Arifah Sri. "PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL JAMUR LINGZHI (Ganoderma lucidum) TERHADAP KADAR HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) PADA TIKUS DISLIPIDEMIAPENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL JAMUR LINGZHI (Ganoderma lucidum) TERHADAP KADAR HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) PADA TIKUS DISLIPIDEMIAP." Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 12, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v12i1.41.
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Jamur lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) termasuk dalam family Polyporaceae yang diketahui memiliki banyak manfaat untuk pengobatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental (pretest-postest control group design) dengan rancangan acak lengkap pola searah dan ditujukan untuk mengukur pengaruh ekstrak etanol Ganoderma lucidum pada tingkat HDL pada tikus dislipidemia. Terdapat 4 kelompok perlakuan masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus yaitu kelompok kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, dosis 1 dan dosis 2. Kelompok kontrol normal diberi pakan standar sedangkan kelompok kontrol negatif, dosis 1 dan dosis 2 diberi diet tinggi lemak selama 4 minggu dan ekstrak etanol jamur lingzhi masing-masing 200 mg/kgBB (dosis 1) dan 400 mg/kgBB (dosis 2) selama 2 minggu secara per oral. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Anava taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol jamur lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) dosis 200 mg/kgBB dan 400 mg/kgBB tidak mampu meningkatkan kadar HDL pada tikus dislipidemia Kata Kunci: Dislipidemia, kadar HDL, ekstrak etanol jamur lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum)
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Wang, Jia-Le, Ying-Bo Li, Ru-Ming Liu, and Jian-Jiang Zhong. "A new ganoderic acid from Ganoderma lucidum mycelia." Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2010.493506.
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Saludares, G. G., C. D. Amper, and I. M. Lituanas. "Antimicrobial performances of Ganoderma lucidum extract against fruits and leaves pathogens." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1145, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1145/1/012019.
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Abstract Ganoderma lucidum is a rich source of unique compounds and has several properties including antifungals and contains different types of biologically active substances that are effective against different types of plant diseases. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial potential of G. lucidum extract. Ganoderma concentrations [5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 100% (pure Ganoderma extract)] were applied using the poison food technique. The different test pathogens were the following: Colletotrichum capsici, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum coccodes, Fusarium sp., Pestalotiopsis palmarum, and Alternaria solani. Results on the antimicrobial performances of Ganoderma lucidum extract against the test pathogens, the highest percentage inhibition was observed in A. solani (A6) with 46.73%. On the other hand, the purified extract (100%) of G. lucidum recorded the highest percent growth inhibition against the different test pathogens with 68.68%. Based on the effect of treatment combinations on fungus growth inhibition after incubation, the purified extract (100%) of G. lucidum recorded the highest percent growth inhibition against, C. gloeosporioides with 100% and followed by A. solani with a comparable result of 94.40%. Based on the findings, Ganoderma extracts tested (5%, 10%, 15%; 20%, and 100%) varied in the ability and persistence of their antifungal effects against the test plant pathogenic fungi. The findings of this study stipulate evidence that pure extract (100%) of Ganoderma successfully inhibited the mycelia growth of some of the test pathogens (C. gloeosporioides, A. solani, and C. capsici) which has comparable results to the Positive control (Fungide-Daconil). The antifungal activity of the different concentrations of G. lucidum variedly suppressed the growth of the plant pathogenic fungi differently.
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Lin, Lee-Juian, Ming-Shi Shiao, and Sheau-Farn Yeh. "Triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum." Phytochemistry 27, no. 7 (January 1988): 2269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80140-7.
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Shiao, Ming-Shi, Lee-Juian Lin, and Sheau-Farn Yeh. "Triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum." Phytochemistry 27, no. 9 (January 1988): 2911–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80687-3.
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Shiao, Ming-Shi, Lee-Juian Lin, and Sheau-Farn Yeh. "Triterpenes in Ganoderma lucidum." Phytochemistry 27, no. 3 (January 1988): 873–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)84110-4.
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Viantika, Sindy Indra, Hadi Rotus Solihah, Zakinah Smith, Rahma Dita Avriani, Lela Kumala Sari Dewi, Maulidya Hasanah, Ajeng Pratiwi, et al. "Aktivitas Antibakteri Jamur Lingzhi Terhadap Bakteri Salmonella typhi: A Literature Review." Acta Holistica Pharmaciana 5, no. 1 (April 29, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.62857/ahp.v5i1.103.
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Indonesia merupakan negara dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang sangat tinggi. Negara Indonesia memiliki tanah yang subur karena letak geografisnya yang berada di kawasan tropis, sehingga memiliki banyak hasil pertanian, salah satunya adalah tumbuhan jamur. Ganoderma lucidum merupakan jamur yang banyak digunakan untuk penelitian baik dari segi aktivitas biologis maupun efek farmakologisnya Ganoderma lucidum adalah sumber yang sangat berharga dari zat aktif biologis yang dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri atau antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri Ganoderma lucidum terhadap bakteri Salmonella typhi dengan berbagai macam pelarut pada metode difusi cakram. Desain penelitian ini adalah literature review. Peneliti melakukan pencarian naskah melalui database resmi dan sumber pustaka yang relevan dengan topik penelitian. Jumlah artikel yang diresume adalah 3 artikel nasional dan 2 artikel internasional.
Berdasarkan hasil resume ke lima artikel tersebut diketahui bahwa ekstrak jamur lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella sp. Zona hambat terbesar dengan kategori kuat sebesar 20.60 mm diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode uji antibakteri difusi kertas cakram. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah soxhletasi dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 40μg/ml dan menggunakan pelarut aseton. Zona hambat terkecil kategori sangat lemah sebesar 0 mm diperoleh dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 50mg/ml yang menggunakan metode difusi kertas cakram dan pelarut etilasetat. Perlu dilakukan pengujian ulang untuk membandingkan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak Ganoderma lucidum terhadap bakteri Salmonella typhi dengan jenis pelarut dan konsentrasi yang berbeda.
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LIU, HONG, LI-JIE GUO, SU-LING LI, and LI FAN. "Ganoderma shanxiense, a new species from northern China based on morphological and molecular evidence." Phytotaxa 406, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.406.2.4.
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Ganoderma shanxiense is described from Shanxi Province, northern China. It resembles a species of the G. lucidum complex in the appearance of the basidiomata but differs in the basidiospores which have a tapering and obtuse rather than truncate end. The multilocus phylogeny based on ITS, tef1α, rpb1 and rpb2 sequences supports G. shanxiense as a distinct species but closely related to G. lucidum and its allies. A key to the species of Ganoderma lucidum complex in China is presented.
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Fauzi, Muhammad, Nisa Rachmania Mubarik, and Anuraga Jayanegara. "Screening of cellulose- and lignin-degrading fungi for improving nutritive quality of ruminant feed." MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819706001.
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This experiment aimed to screen some cellulose- and lignin-degrading fungal species for improving nutritive quality of ruminant feed. Fungal species used were Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Trametes visicolor. These fungal species were grown on Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium that added with 0.5 g substrate, i.e. either rice straw, rice bran or carboxymethyl cellulose for 12 days at room temperature. Harvesting was performed in order to separate fungal mycelium and supernatant that contained crude cellulase enzyme. Among the fungi observed, Ganoderma lucidum had the highest cellulase activity, i.e. 4.02 U/mg. Cellulase activities of Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Trametes visicolor were 1.53, 1.08, and 0.13 U/mg, respectively. Ganoderma lucidum was further investigated for its ligninolytic enzyme activity, i.e. laccase and manganese peroxidase. It was observed that the fungi had laccase and manganese peroxidase activities of 368.95 and 33.89 U/mL, respectively. Crude enzymes of Ganoderma lucidum that contain cellulase, laccase and manganese peroxidase were further used to increase nutritive quality of rice straw and subjected to in vitro incubation with rumen fluid of cattle.