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Journal articles on the topic 'Ganoderma diseases of plants'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Maryono, Tri. "Penyakit akar ganoderma pada sengon di Sleman Yogyakarta." Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2020.14.1.55-61.

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Ganoderma root disease in the community forest of sengon is one of the limiting factor to increase the productivity of sengonwood. This disease has been reported in West Java, East Java, South Sumatra and South Kalimantan. The survey was conducted to determine the existence of Ganoderma root disease in three sengon fields in Sleman, Yogyakarta. The existence of Ganoderma root disease was recognized based on the symptoms of diseased plants and the present of Ganoderma basidiocarp on the diseased sengon stem. The survey results on three sengon fields was succeed in finding diseased plants and also the basidiocarp of Ganoderma on the basal of the diseased plant stem. Symptoms that have been found was either dead or dying trees (few leaves left). The basidiocarp of Ganoderma on the diseased plants varies in characteristic while its young and mature. The basidiospores is ellipsoid, truncate, rough (coarsely echinulated), and double-walled. The Ganoderma colony was white and turned to yellow orange from the center. Based on this study the Ganoderma root disease in sengon plants has developed in Sleman, Yogyakarta. The presence of dead or dying trees with few leaves left between healthy sengon trees and the presence of Ganoderma basidiocarp in diseased trees are indicator of the presence of root disease in the sengon field caused by Ganoderma.

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2

Luangharn, Thatsanee, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Peter E. Mortimer, Kevin D. Hyde, and Jianchu Xu. "Additions to the knowledge of Ganoderma in Thailand: Ganoderma casuarinicola, a new record; and Ganoderma thailandicum sp. nov." MycoKeys 59 (October 16, 2019): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.59.36823.

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Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan genus of mushrooms, which can cause root and butt rot diseases on many tree species. Members of this genus are particularly diverse in tropical regions. Some Ganoderma spp. are medicinally active and therefore are used to treat human diseases or as a dietary supplement. In this study, three Ganoderma strains were collected in tropical southern Thailand. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, TEF1α and RPB2 sequence data indicated that the three strains grouped in a distinct lineage within laccate Ganoderma. One strain was collected from Surat Thani Province clustered in the G. casuarinicola clade with high statistical support (MLBS = 100% / MPBS = 98% / PP = 0.96), while the other two strains of Ganoderma, collected from Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, formed a distinct well-supported clade (MLBS = 100% / MPBS = 100% / PP = 1.00) and are described here as a new species. Ganoderma casuarinicola is reported here as a new record to Thailand. Morphological differences of the two taxa and their closely related taxa are discussed. Colour photographs of macro and micro morphological characteristics and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new record and new species are provided.

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3

Basati, Gholam, Pardis Ghanadi, and Saber Abbaszadeh. "A review of the most important natural antioxidants and effective medicinal plants in traditional medicine on prostate cancer and its disorders." Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 9, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2020.15.

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Herbal plants can be used to treat and prevent life-threatening diseases, such as prostate cancer, infections and other diseases. The findings from traditional medicine and the use of medicinal plants can help control and treat most problems due to prostate diseases. The aim of this study was to identify and report the most important medicinal plants that affect prostate disorders. Based on the results of the review of numerous articles indexed in the databases ISI, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., a number of plants have been reported to be used in the treatment and prevention of diseases, inflammation, infection, and cancer of the prostate gland. The plants include Panax ginseng, Arum palaestinum, Melissa officinalis, Syzygium paniculatum, Coptis chinensis, Embelia ribes, Scutellaria baicalensis, Tripterygium wilfordii, Salvia triloba, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Psidium guajava, Ganoderma lucidum, Litchi chinensis, Saussurea costus, Andrographis paniculata, Magnolia officinalis and Prunus africana. Phytochemical investigations have examined the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants effective on prostate cancer and their possible mechanisms of action and clinical effects as well as the use of active flavonoids in production of herbal drugs. Due to the active ingredients and important flavonoids of these plants, they can be used in production of herbal drugs that prevent and treat infections, inflammation and cancer of the prostate gland, and reduce the metastasis of prostate cancer cells, reducing the patients’ suffering and pain.

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4

Karthikeyan, M., K. Radhika, R. Bhaskaran, S. Mathiyazhagan, R. Samiyappan, and R. Velazhahan. "Rapid detection of Ganoderma disease of coconut and assessment of inhibition effect of various control measures by immunoassay and PCR." Plant Protection Science 42, No. 2 (February 8, 2010): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2771-pps.

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Molecular and immunological methods were applied for detecting the <i>Ganoderma</i> disease of coconut. Polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) raised against basidiocarp protein of <i>Ganoderma</i> were used. For the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, the primer generated from the internal transcribed spacer region one (ITS 1) of ribosomal DNA gene of <i>Ganoderma</i>, which produced a PCR product of 167 bp in size, was used. Apparently healthy palms in two coconut gardens were tested for <i>Ganoderma</i> disease by ELISA test using basidiocarp protein antiserum. Field trials were laid out in these early-diagnosed palms for the management of the disease. Based on the ELISA results, <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> + <i>Trichoderma viride</i> with chitin amended treatments arrested the multiplication of the pathogen and within 6 months showed an optical density (OD) below the level of infected plants. Integrated Disease Management (IDM) and fungicide tridemorph treated palms showed OD values below infection level within 7 months, and <i>T. harzianum</i> and <i>P. fluorescens</i> + <i>T. viride</i> treated palms showed OD values below infection level in 8 months.

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5

Sankaran, K. V., P. D. Bridge, and C. Gokulapalan. "Ganoderma diseases of perennial crops in India ? an overview." Mycopathologia 159, no. 1 (January 2005): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-004-4437-1.

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6

Abulaziz, Yahya Alghmadi. "Rheological characteristics of Ganoderma applanatum exoploysaccharides." African Journal of Microbiology Research 10, no. 6 (February 14, 2016): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2015.7744.

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7

Nasir, Nasreen. "Diseases caused by Ganoderma spp. on perennial crops in Pakistan." Mycopathologia 159, no. 1 (January 2005): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-004-4433-5.

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8

Puspita, Fifi, Isna Rahma Dini, and Dermala Sari. "Screening of Fungi from Oil Palm Rhizosphere in Peat Soils and the Potential as Biological Agents against Ganoderma boninense." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 2, no. 2 (September 29, 2019): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v2i2.918.

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One of the diseases that attack oil palm plants is stem rot disease. Control efforts that can be done is to use rhizosphere fungi from oil palm plants in peat soils. This study aimed to select fungi from rhizosphere of oil palm plants in peat soil based on morphological characteristics and test their potential as biological agents against Ganoderma boninense. This research was conducted by exploration, observation and experiment by using complete randomized design (RAL). The parameters observed were macroscopic characteristics of fungi from oil palm rhizosphere, disease severity index, fungus inhibition power from oil palm rhizosphere to G. boninense, colony diameter and growth rate of high antagonist rhizosphere fungus, hyperparasitic type of fungus from rhizosphere of oil palm plant with G. boninense and the morphological characteristics of fungi from high antagonist rhizosphere in macroscopic and microscopic. The results showed that 12 rhizosphere fungi isolates and 4 isolates were antagonist to G. boninense. Isolate J5 has a high antagonist power of 70.26% and is a genus Trichoderma, isolate J7 belongs to the genus Trichoderma, isolate J10 genus Aspergillus and isolate J12 genus Mucor.

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9

Nur Ain Izzati, M. Z., and F. Abdullah. "Disease suppression in Ganoderma-infected oil palm seedlings treated with Trichoderma harzianum." Plant Protection Science 44, No. 3 (November 4, 2008): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/23/2008-pps.

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Disease suppression in <I>Ganoderma</I>-infected oil palm seedlings treated with a conidial suspension of <I>Trichoder-ma harzianum</I> FA 1132 was tested in plant house conditions to determine the effectiveness of the fungus as a biocontrol agent. The highest efficacy of control was achieved by treatment right after artificial infection; the total number of infected plants was reduced to give the lowest disease severity index (DSI) value of 5.0%, compared to the infected and non-treated control that had the highest DSI of 70.0%. After conidia suspension of FA 1132 was applied, the colony forming ability by <I>Trichoderma</I> in the soil was dramatically increased, but decreased after some time. Results of the present study are a useful reference basis for further tests in the field and large scale production trials.

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10

Cruz, Mycheli Preuss da, Sérgio Miguel Mazaro, Janaína Bruzamarello, Edgar de Souza Vismara, Álvaro Luiz Ghedin, Jean Carlo Possenti, and Francisco Menino Destéfanis Vítola. "Bioactive Compounds of Ganoderma lucidum Activate the Defense Mechanisms of Soybean Plants and Reduce the Severity of Powdery Mildew." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 13 (August 15, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n13p99.

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Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom widely used in Eastern countries and currently in global scale. Its fruiting body and mycelium are composed by polysaccharides, triterpenes and more than 200 secondary metabolites. These compounds exhibit a range of bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumorigenic, antibacterial and antifungal action. Several scientific publications have demonstrated the potential and performance of G. lucidum compounds in the control of diseases in animals and humans. However, there is a lack of information on the effect of their compounds on the phytopathogens control, whether directly or by activating plant defense mechanisms. In the search of new molecules that has induced activity and disease control, this study was aimed to evaluate the bioactive compounds produced by G. lucidum through liquid culture under elicitation to control powdery mildew (Erysiphe diffusa) in soybean plants. The compounds tested were: C01-distilled water, C02-copper oxychloride (1 L ha-1), FC01-filtered mycelial growth of G. lucidum without elicitation, FC02-G. lucidum filtration of lignin elicitation and FC03-G. lucidum filtration from SA elicitation. The upper part of the plant was sprayed at 20 % (v/v) concentration and 10 mL per plant were applied. All data were analyzed using R® software. The Ganoderma filtrates have shown the induction of resistance potential in soybean plants by the activation of phytoalexins, activation of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, increase of phenolic compounds, peroxidases and chitinase activity, such induction has specificity in relation to time activation and association with elicitors. New studies should be considered, seeking to identify and isolate the active principles present in the filtrates, as well as to evaluate the action of these substances in other pathosystems of agricultural interest.

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11

Varghese, G. "Ganoderma Diseases of Perennial Crops Eds J. Flood, P.D. Bridge and M. Holderness." Australasian Plant Pathology 30, no. 2 (2001): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap00004_br.

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12

Lai, Ying-Jang, Kai-Di Hsu, Tzu-Jung Huang, Chang-Wei Hsieh, Yu-Hin Chan, and Kuan-Chen Cheng. "Anti-Melanogenic Effect from Submerged Mycelial Cultures of Ganoderma weberianum." Mycobiology 47, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2019.1568680.

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13

Chiang, Cheng-Yen, Kai-Di Hsu, Yen-Yi Lin, Chang-Wei Hsieh, Jui-Ming Liu, Tze-Ying Lu, and Kuan-Chen Cheng. "The Antiproliferation Activity of Ganoderma formosanum Extracts on Prostate Cancer Cells." Mycobiology 48, no. 3 (April 15, 2020): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2020.1746064.

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14

Cai, Mingzhu, Muhmmad Idrees, Yi Zhou, Chunlan Zhang, and Jize Xu. "First Report of Green Mold Disease Caused by Trichoderma hengshanicum on Ganoderma lingzhi." Mycobiology 48, no. 5 (July 24, 2020): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2020.1794230.

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15

Jo, Eun-Young, Jae-Lyoung Cheon, and Johng-Hwa Ahn. "Effect of Food Waste Compost on the Antler-Type Fruiting Body Yield of Ganoderma lucidum." Mycobiology 41, no. 1 (March 2013): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5941/myco.2013.41.1.42.

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16

AFANDI, DADANG, MOHAMMAD BASYUNI, LOLLIE AGUSTINA P. PUTRI, DIANA CHALIL, and INDRA SYAHPUTRA. "Expression of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) polyisoprenoids in response to Ganoderma boninense infection." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200109.

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Afandi D, Basyuni M, Putri LAP, Chalil D, Syahputra I. 2019. Expression of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) polyisoprenoids in response to Ganoderma boninense infection. Biodiversitas 20: 68-76. Currently, oil palm is an important economic crop and has become one of the world's major vegetable oils as well as a potential source of biodiesel. Unfortunately, oil palm plantations in Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia face the threat of basal stem root diseases caused by Ganoderma sp. Various methods and approaches have been made to select the oil palm that is tolerant to Ganoderma boninense, among others using biochemical selection. This research aimed to analyze polyisoprenoids expressionof oil palm tolerant to G. boninense using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC). The plant material used in this trial weretwo cross-series of genetic materials belonging to PT Socfindo, that were known to have certain levelsof tolerance to G. boninense. The first wasa cross-series of 15-year-old oil palm in the field, and the secondwasa new cross-series for an early detection in the nursery stage. The results showed that there werediversitiesin the expression of polyisoprenoids between tissues, treatments, and level of tolerance. Polyprenols with a chain length of C45-C65 and dolichols of C45-C55were detected in the leaf tissue but not found in the root tissue. Polyprenols with a carbon chain length of C80-C100 occurred in infected palm root tissue but did not in the healthy oil palm. The increase of polyisoprenoid (polyprenol and dolichol) in infected and inoculated root tissues it is presumablydue to the plant biochemical response to the presence of G. boninense attack. Cluster analysis demonstrated distinct groups of polyisoprenoid carbon-chains betweenroot and leaf tissues of oil palm mature and seedling. Interestingly, in the absence of G. boninense infection, the polyisoprenoid carbon chain pattern in the tolerant oil palm seedlingroot tissue is different from that in the susceptible seedlings. Thus, the polyisoprenoid carbon chain pattern can be considered as a potential biochemical marker for the screening of oil palm tolerance to G. boninense.

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17

Jędryczka, Małgorzata. "Aeromycology: studies of fungi in aeroplankton." Folia Biologica et Oecologica 10 (November 30, 2014): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fobio-2014-0013.

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Air is a natural environment for spores of many genera and species of fungi. Despite its small size and a significant dispersion they have a great impact on human health and different areas of our activities, such as agricultural production. The study on spores of fungi that belong to aeroplankton or bioaerosole is called aeromycology. The most frequent fungi present in the air are Cladosporium and Alternaria species. Their numbers are abundant regardless of latitude and height above the sea level and above the ground. They mostly originate from agricultural environment. Other frequently listed species of fungi, whose spores are present in the air include of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Sclerotinia and Ganoderma. The concentration of spores in the air strongly depends on the abundance of their formation during the studied period. This in turn relates to geobotanical region, vegetation, degree of urbanization, climatic conditions, season, current weather, wind force and direction, local microclimate, and many other factors. Changes in humidity affect the concentration of different types of fungal spores. In general they are divided to ‘dry’ (Alternaria, Cladosporium, Puccinia, Ustilago, Melampsora, Epicoccum, Drechslera) and ‘wet’ (Didymella, Fusarium, Ganoderma, Gliocladium, Leptosphaeria, Verticillium). Study of the composition of species and genera are being done using different types of spore samplers, mostly volumetric instruments. Visual identification is based on colony morphology of the fungus and the shape and size of spores. The identification at the species level is possible with molecular tools. Methods based on DNA/RNA amplification are very sensitive and accurate. They allow the identification below the species level, e.g. chemotypes, mating types or isolates with genes or alleles of interest. Aerobiological monitoring is widely used in the epidemiology of human diseases (inhalant allergies) and infections of arable crops (decision support systems for the protection of cultivated plants). Aeromycology is interconnected with such diverse areas as industrial aerobiology, bioterrorism, ecology, climatology or even speleology and cultural heritage.

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18

Singh, Swarnjeet, Kamil Kuca, and Anu Kalia. "Alterations in Growth and Morphology of Ganoderma lucidum and Volvariella volvaceae in Response to Nanoparticle Supplementation." Mycobiology 48, no. 5 (August 27, 2020): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2020.1809613.

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19

Loyd, Andrew L., Benjamin W. Held, Eric R. Linder, Jason A. Smith, and Robert A. Blanchette. "Elucidating wood decomposition by four species of Ganoderma from the United States." Fungal Biology 122, no. 4 (April 2018): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2018.01.006.

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20

Coelho-Moreira, Jaqueline da Silva, Tatiane Brugnari, Anacharis B. Sá-Nakanishi, Rafael Castoldi, Cristina G. M. de Souza, Adelar Bracht, and Rosane M. Peralta. "Evaluation of diuron tolerance and biotransformation by the white-rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum." Fungal Biology 122, no. 6 (June 2018): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2017.10.008.

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21

Asadi, Fatemeh, Mohammad Barshan-tashnizi, Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi, Fatemeh Davoodi-Dehaghani, and Bahman Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh. "Enhancement of exopolysaccharide production from Ganoderma lucidum using a novel submerged volatile co-culture system." Fungal Biology 125, no. 1 (January 2021): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2020.09.010.

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22

Salmon, Denise Naomi Xavier, Michele Rigon Spier, Carlos Ricardo Soccol, Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe, Valesca Weingartner Montibeller, Mário César Jucoski Bier, and Vincenza Faraco. "Analysis of inducers of xylanase and cellulase activities production by Ganoderma applanatum LPB MR-56." Fungal Biology 118, no. 8 (August 2014): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2014.04.003.

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23

Kadowaki, Kohmei, Richard A. B. Leschen, and Jacqueline R. Beggs. "No evidence for a Ganoderma spore dispersal mutualism in an obligate spore-feeding beetle Zearagytodes maculifer." Fungal Biology 115, no. 8 (August 2011): 768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2011.06.001.

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24

Mercière, Maxime, Romain Boulord, Catherine Carasco-Lacombe, Christophe Klopp, Yang-Ping Lee, Joon-Sheong Tan, Sharifah S. R. Syed Alwee, et al. "About Ganoderma boninense in oil palm plantations of Sumatra and peninsular Malaysia: Ancient population expansion, extensive gene flow and large scale dispersion ability." Fungal Biology 121, no. 6-7 (June 2017): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2017.01.001.

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25

Asyari, Mohamad Solahudin, and Fenry Winna Mutawally. "Identifikasi Ganoderma Pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Berbasis Reflektansi Gelombang Multispektral." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 7, no. 3 (April 1, 2020): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.19028/jtep.07.3.193-200.

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Basal Stem Rot (BSR) is a fatal disease caused by the fungus Ganoderma boninense. Currently in Indonesia the identification of oil palm plants suffering from BSR is done by directly observing oil palm plants one by one and pressing the palm tree trunks. However the direct checking method is felt to be less effective and efficient, its need another better method for detecting BSR. This study aims to evaluate the Ganoderma attack by using a multispectral camera, applying a neural network method to analyze NDVI images, and analyzing the effect of altitude on the accuracy of multispectral camera performance. In this study, spectral data of oil palm plants were taken through the air at an altitude of 50 m, 60 m, and 70 m with a multispectral camera mounted on a UAV, then the spectral data were analyzed using artificial neural networks to identify oil palm plants that were attacked by Ganoderma and healthy plants. The results of this study conclude that multispectral cameras can identify oil palm plants that have been attacked by Ganoderma at an altitude of 50 m and 60 m with utilization of artificial neural networks.

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26

Mardiah, Irma. "Identification of Endophytic Bacterial Isolated from Oil Palm Plants with Anti-Fungal Acitvity against Ganoderma boninense." Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research 3, no. 2 (August 31, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15416/pcpr.v3i2.20005.

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Endophytic bacteria is an excellent candidates for the biological control of pathogenic fungi in plantations. The objectives of this study were to isolate and examine anti-fungal activity of endophytic bacteria from oil palm plantations in South Kalimantan against Ganoderma boninense. This research was performed in three phases, i.e., isolation, selection, and assessment of endophytic bacteria isolates against Ganoderma boninense. A total of 126 colonies of endophytic bacteria were isolated. The result of the anti-fungal activity test with dual culture method demostrated that BKA 10 isolate had the largest inhibition zone (62.22%). Molecular identification by DNA analysis using 16S rRNA primers showed that BKA 10 is most closely related to Bacillus cereus. In conclusion, isolate with the best anti-fungal acitivity against Ganoderma boninense has the closest kinship with Bacillus cereus. Keywords: antifungal, dual culture, Bacillus cereus.

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27

Seweryn, Ewa, Anna Ziała, and Andrzej Gamian. "Properties of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 73 (July 8, 2019): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2790.

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Ganoderma lucidum has been used for promoting longevity and health in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Asian countries. Its pharmacological effects are widely known, as indicated by its inclusion in the American Herbal Pharmacopoeia. It was found that G. lucidum contains several bioactive compounds, including triterpenes, polysaccharides, peptidoglycans, flavonoids, sterols, fatty acids and nucleotides. It is well-known medicinal mushroom that has been widely used for the treatment of several chronic diseases. It has been reported that triterpenes are responsible for the major medicinal properties and demonstrated therapeutic efficiency of G. lucidum. The present review mainly focuses on the pharmacological properties of the triterpenes underlying antioxidative, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetes and hepatoprotective activities.

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28

Mohd As’wad, A. W., M. Sariah, R. R. M. Paterson, M. A. Zainal Abidin, and N. Lima. "Ergosterol analyses of oil palm seedlings and plants infected with Ganoderma." Crop Protection 30, no. 11 (November 2011): 1438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2011.07.004.

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29

Venkobachar, C. "Metal Removal by Waste Biomass to Upgrade Wastewater Treatment Plants." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 7-8 (July 1, 1990): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0277.

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As a pretreatment, biosorption is evaluated for its ability to remove heavy metals from electroplating and chrome tannery effluents before these are mixed with domestic wastewater for biological waste treatment. The biosorptive capacities of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) by waste biomass like excess sludge from activated sludge unit (S), Ganoderma lucidum (M)–a wood-rotting fungus, and Asperigillus niger (A) from fermentation industry are evaluated.

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30

BM, Ni‘mal Hamdi, Lisnawati Lisnawati, and Mukhtar Iskandar Pinem. "Uji Metabolit Trichoderma spp. Terhadap Ganoderma sp.IN VITRO." Talenta Conference Series: Agricultural and Natural Resources (ANR) 1, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/anr.v1i1.89.

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Ganoderma spp.merupakan penyakit penting yang menyebabkan kerugian besar pada tanaman kelapa sawit.Ganoderma spp. menurunkan produksi kelapa sawit 78 % dari total produksi kelapa sawit di Sumatera Utara. Pengendalian kimia dan kultur teknis hanya dapat mengurangi serangan Ganoderma spp.10%/ha sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif pengendalian hayati, seperti penggunan cendawan antagonis. Trichoderma merupakan cendawan antagonis yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Ganoderma spp.dengan menghasilkan metabolik skunder dan toxin ekstraseluler. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji metabolit Trichoderma spp. untuk mengendalikan Ganoderma spp.in vitro.Penelitian ini di lakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian USU (±25m dpl.) pada Juli – Desember 2015 menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap non faktorial dengan bebrapa jenis isolat jamur yaitu: Kontrol, Trichodermaspp.1, Trichodermaspp.2, Trichodermaspp.3, Trichodermaspp. 4, Trichodermaspp.5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya hambat tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan Trichodermaspp.2 dan nilai uji filtrat tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan Trichodermaspp.2. Ganoderma sp. is an important disease that causes large losses in oil palm plants. Ganoderma sp. reduce palm oil production to 78% of total palm oil production in North Sumatra. Chemical control and technical culture can only reduce the attack of Ganoderma spp. of 10%/ha, so that an alternative biological control is needed, such as the use of antagonist fungi. Trichoderma sp. is an antagonistic fungus that can inhibit the growth of Ganoderma sp. by producing metabolic secondary and extracellular toxins. This study aims to examine the metabolites of Trichoderma sp. in controlling Ganoderma sp. in vitro. This study was by using a non-factorial complete randomized design with several types of fungi isolates such as Control, Trichoderma sp. 1, Trichoderma sp. 2, Trichoderma sp. 3, Trichoderma sp. 4, and Trichoderma sp. 5. The results showed that the highest inhibition was found in the treatment of Trichoderma sp. 2 and the highest filtrate test value was found in the treatment of Trichoderma sp. 2.

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Bastian, Roderick, Supeno Surija, and Michelle Faustine. "The Effectiveness Colonized System of Ganoderma Vaccine Compared to Trichoderma on Oil Palm Plantations That Infected by Ganoderma boninense." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 7 (June 15, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n7p89.

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Basal stem rot caused by Ganoderma boninense causes fall and death of oil palm crops, and will drastically reduce plantation productivity by up to 50% and become one of the most serious problems in oil palm cultivation. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Colonized System of Ganoderma Vaccine (CHIPS®), as a biocontrol agent against the suppression of Ganoderma disease that infects oil palm trees in-field conditions. This research was conducted from early 2016 to the end of 2020 in a plantation located in Langkat area, North Sumatra by using 216 trees on 1 block as a sample experiment. Plants that infected with Ganoderma is treated with T1 treatment (MOAF™ & CHIPS®) shows the value of Disease Severity Index (DSI) decreasing to 37.50%, compare to T2 treatment (NPK Granular Fertilizer 13-6-27 & Trichoderma bio fungicides) which has DSI value of 100% in week 232 (in 2020) and C1 treatment (control) with the highest DSI value of 100% in week 212 (in 2020). The conclusions of this study shows that the treatment of T1 (MOAF™ & CHIPS®) is more successful in eradicating Ganoderma and have the highest profit ratio than any other treatments. The results of this study are useful as references for in-field inspection and large-scale production.

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Wong, Jack Ho, Stephen Cho Wing Sze, Tzi Bun Ng, Randy Chi Fai Cheung, Chit Tam, Kalin Yanbo Zhang, Xiuli Dan, et al. "Apoptosis and Anti-cancer Drug Discovery: The Power of Medicinal Fungi and Plants." Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 40 (January 21, 2019): 5613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170720165005.

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The purpose of this account is to review the compounds capable of eliciting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells produced by medicinal fungi and plants. The medicinal fungi discussed encompass Cordyceps, Ganoderma species, Coriolus versicolor and Hypsizygus marmoreus. The medicinal plants discussed comprise Astragalus complanatus, Dendrobium spp, Dioscorea spp, Glycyrrhiza spp, Panax notoginseng, Panax ginseng, and Momordica charantia. These compounds have the potential of development into anticancer drugs.

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Downer, A. James, Janice Y. Uchida, Donald R. Hodel, and Monica L. Elliott. "Lethal Palm Diseases Common in the United States." HortTechnology 19, no. 4 (January 2009): 710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.4.710.

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Palms (Arecaceae) are affected by a variety of pathogens, most of which are fungi. We detail pathogens, host ranges, disease description, diagnosis and epidemiology as well as management for the significant, usually fatal, diseases affecting palms grown in the continental United States and Hawaii. These include fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. canariensis) of canary island date palm (Phoenix canariensis), diamond scale (Phaeochoropsis neowashingtoniae), ganoderma butt rot (Ganoderma zonatum), lethal yellowing (Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae subgroup 16SrIV-A), and diseases caused by Nalanthamala (Gliocladium), Phytophthora, and Thielaviopsis. We have omitted the leaf spot and minor blight diseases that often affect palms but pose no long-term consequence to their health and survival. Visual symptoms of lethal palm diseases are often similar, necessitating the isolation or detection of the pathogen with cultural, microscopic, or molecular methods. Management of palm diseases is varied, often requiring in-depth knowledge of the biology of the pathogen and its' infection process. Quarantine, eradication, sanitation, and proper species selection and culture are necessary practices to limit the spread of new and existing diseases of palms in landscapes and nurseries.

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Widiantini, Fitri, Ceppy Nasahi, Endah Yulia, and Serly Noviyawati. "Potensi Metabolit Sekunder Asal Bakteri Endofit dalam Menekan Pertumbuhan Miselium Ganoderma boninense." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 14, no. 3 (October 11, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.14.3.104.

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Potency of Endophytic Bacterial Secondary Metabolite to Inhibit Mycelium Growth of Ganoderma boninense Endophytic bacteria have a close relationship with their host plants. The bacteria are living inside their host without causing any symptom. Endophytic bacteria are well known for their ability to produce compounds that can be used to protect plants from deleterious microorganisms. The research was conducted to determine the ability of endophytic bacteria in producing antifungal compounds that are able to suppress the growth of Ganoderma boninense, a causal agent of basal stem rot disease of oil palm. Previously isolated endophytic bacteria were grown on international streptomyces project 2 (ISP2) liquid medium and incubated at rotary evaporator at 120 rpm for 10 days. The supernatant was separated from bacterial cells and tested against G. boninense using well diffusion agar method. The results showed that endophytic bacteria isolate of BEK6, BEK7, BEK9 and BEK10 were able to produce antifungal compound against G. boninense. Microscopic observation demonstrated G. boninense mycelia alteration following secondary metabolite application.

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Marchetti, Luigi. "Virus Diseases in Plants." TECNICA ITALIANA-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 64, no. 2-4 (June 30, 2020): 400–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.642-440.

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Hidayat, Fitria Rizka, Sukiman Sukiman, Ernin Hidayati, Sarkono Sarkono, Bambang Fajar Suryadi, and Faturrahman Faturrahman. "Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract among Three Ganoderma Species From Lombok in Inhibition Growth of Candida albicans and Cryptoccocus neoformans." Journal of Science and Science Education 1, no. 1 (October 9, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jossed.v1i1.453.

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Candida albicans and Cryptoccocus neoformans are opportunistic pathogenic fungi that cause infectious diseases that are the world's biggest health problems. The use of antibiotics is one way to overcome the spread of the infection and cause microbial resistance. Ganoderma is one of the many macrophages found on Lombok's island, and studies of its antifungal activity have not been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal potential and the effect of different concentrations of ethanolic extracts of three Ganoderma species on C. albicans and C. neoformans. Ganoderma samples were obtained from Suranadi Taman Wisata Alam (TWA), Sesaot TWA, Tunak Mountain TWA, Kerandangan TWA, and Pusuk Forest. Ganoderma extraction was carried out by the maceration method using ethanol 95% solvent. The extract concentrations used are 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. This research was conducted using the wells method with metronidazole as a positive control and 50% DMSO as a negative control. The parameter measured is the large diameter of the inhibition zone formed around the well. The results obtained are the three species of Ganoderma have antifungal activity against test fungi, and different levels of concentration affect inhibition. The amount of the inhibition zone is directly proportional to the high concentration of the extract. All three Ganoderma species are more effective in inhibiting the growth of C. neoformans compared with Candida albicans

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Wang, Lining, Qinghua Huang, Liulian Zhang, Qingfu Wang, Lei Liang, and Baosheng Liao. "Genome-Wide Characterization and Comparative Analysis of MYB Transcription Factors in Ganoderma Species." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 8 (May 29, 2020): 2653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401372.

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Numerous studies in plants have shown the vital roles of MYB transcription factors in signal transduction, developmental regulation, biotic/abiotic stress responses and secondary metabolism regulation. However, less is known about the functions of MYBs in Ganoderma. In this study, five medicinal macrofungi of genus Ganoderma were subjected to a genome-wide comparative analysis of MYB genes. A total of 75 MYB genes were identified and classified into four types: 1R-MYBs (52), 2R-MYBs (19), 3R-MYBs (2) and 4R-MYBs (2). Gene structure analysis revealed varying exon numbers (3-14) and intron lengths (7-1058 bp), and noncanonical GC-AG introns were detected in G. lucidum and G. sinense. In a phylogenetic analysis, 69 out of 75 MYB genes were clustered into 15 subgroups, and both single-copy orthologous genes and duplicated genes were identified. The promoters of the MYB genes harbored multiple cis-elements, and specific genes were co-expressed with the G. lucidum MYB genes, indicating the potential roles of these MYB genes in stress response, development and metabolism. This comprehensive and systematic study of MYB family members provides a reference and solid foundation for further functional analysis of MYB genes in Ganoderma species.

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Sujarit, Kanaporn, Mihoko Mori, Kazuyuki Dobashi, Kazuro Shiomi, Wasu Pathom-aree, and Saisamorn Lumyong. "New Antimicrobial Phenyl Alkenoic Acids Isolated from an Oil Palm Rhizosphere-Associated Actinomycete, Streptomyces palmae CMU-AB204T." Microorganisms 8, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030350.

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Basal stem rot (BSR), or Ganoderma rot disease, is the most serious disease associated with the oil palm plant of Southeast Asian countries. A basidiomycetous fungus, Ganoderma boninense, is the causative microbe of this disease. To control BSR in oil palm plantations, biological control agents are gaining attention as a major alternative to chemical fungicides. In the course of searching for effective actinomycetes as potential biological control agents for BSR, Streptomyces palmae CMU-AB204T was isolated from oil palm rhizosphere soil collected on the campus of Chiang Mai University. The culture broth of this strain showed significant antimicrobial activities against several bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi including G. boninense. Antifungal and antibacterial compounds were isolated by antimicrobial activity-guided purification using chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Mass Spectrometry (MS), Ultraviolet (UV), and Infrared (IR) analyses. The current study isolated new phenyl alkenoic acids 1–6 and three known compounds, anguinomycin A (7), leptomycin A (8), and actinopyrone A (9) as antimicrobial agents. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed broad antifungal activity, though they did not show antibacterial activity. Compounds 3 and 4 revealed a strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including the phytopathogenic strain Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Compounds 7–9 displayed antifungal activity against Ganoderma. Thus, the antifungal compounds obtained in this study may play a role in protecting oil palm plants from Ganoderma infection with the strain S. palmae CMU-AB204T.

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Erawati, Meira, Megah Andriany, and Niken Safitri Dyan Kusumaningrum. "The Potential of Ganoderma Lucidum as Antimicrobial Agent for Multidrug- Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis." Anti-Infective Agents 16, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211352516666180227135043.

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Background: The problem of bacterial resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis should be solved by seeking for alternative substances that potentially inhibit the growth or kill the bacteria. Ganoderma lucidum is one type of fungus which is potential to be an antimicrobial agent. This study aimed to determine the potential of G. lucidum on inhibiting the growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria of M. tuberculosis in vitro. Methods: This study used a solid dilution method to test the extract of G. lucidum as an antibacterial agent. Results and Conclusion: Results showed that all strains of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-Tb) gave similar responses to G. lucidum extract at various concentrations. The bacteria did not grow on the medium containing G. lucidum extract at the smallest concentration of 12.5%, as well as concentrations of 25% and 50%. Ganoderma lucidum can be used as one of the alternatives for MDR-Tb drugs in the future.

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Sohretoglu, Didem, and Shile Huang. "Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides as An Anti-cancer Agent." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 5 (August 21, 2018): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520617666171113121246.

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The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has been used for centuries in Asian countries to treat various diseases and to promote health and longevity. Clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of G. lucidum as an alternative adjuvant therapy in cancer patients without obvious toxicity. G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) is the main bioactive component in the water soluble extracts of this mushroom. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated that GLP possesses potential anticancer activity through immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects. Here, we briefly summarize these anticancer effects of GLP and the underlying mechanisms.

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Starović, Mira, Snežana Pavlović, Saša Stojanović, and Dragana Jošić. "Phytoplasma diseases of medicinal plants." Zastita bilja 66, no. 1 (2015): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasbilj1501007s.

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OKU, Hachiro. "Resistance of Plants against Diseases." Journal of Pesticide Science 16, no. 1 (1991): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.16.109.

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York, P. A. "Diseases of tropical pasture plants." Crop Protection 14, no. 8 (December 1995): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(95)90009-8.

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Chakraborty, Sukumar. "Diseases of Tropical Pasture Plants." Australasian Plant Pathology 26, no. 2 (June 1997): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03213692.

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Sim, Carrie Siew Fang, Yuen Lin Cheow, Si Ling Ng, and Adeline Su Yien Ting. "Can metal-tolerant endophytic biocontrol agents promote plant-growth under metal stress?" Acta Biologica Szegediensis 63, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/abs.2019.2.169-179.

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Five metal-tolerant endophytic isolates (Bipolaris sp. LF7, Diaporthe miriciae LF9, Trichoderma asperellum LF11, Phomopsis asparagi LF15, Saccharicola bicolor LF22), with known metal-tolerance attributes and biocontrol activities against Ganoderma boninense, were tested for growth-promoting activities independent of (in vitro) and associated with plants (height, weight, root mass and stem circumference) (in vivo). Results revealed that metal-tolerant endophytes did not significantly render benefit to host plants as plant growth was compromised by the presence of metals. Lower production of indole-acetic acid (0.74-21.77 μg mL-1), siderophores (8.82-90.26%), and deaminase activities of 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (3.00-69.2 μmol mg protein-1 hr-1) were observed.

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Siwulski, Marek, Krzysztof Sobieralski, Iwona Golak-Siwulska, Sławomir Sokół, and Agnieszka Sękara. "Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) Karst. – health-promoting properties. A review." Herba Polonica 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hepo-2015-0026.

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SummaryThis paper presents the characteristics of the speciesGanoderma lucidumin terms of health-promoting properties. This species is rare in Poland, and is subject to strict protection. Reishi is classified as a medicinal mushroom which fruiting bodies are characterized by a content of active substances with diverse positive effects on human health.G. lucidumis particularly rich source of bioactive compounds, which are obtained from fruiting bodies, mycelium and spores of this species. The therapeutic effect ofG. lucidumextracts has been demonstrated in many scientific studies. The most important pharmacological and physiological effects include: immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-atherosclerosis, antidiabetic and anti-aging. Reishi has also a beneficial effect on liver cells and the cardiovascular system and protects in case of stomach ulcers. Due to its propertiesG. lucidumcan be used in the prevention and treatment of life-threatening diseases, such as cancer, stroke and heart diseases.

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Herliyana, E. N., D. Taniwiryono, and H. Minarsih. "Root Diseases Ganoderma sp. on the Sengon in West Java and East Java." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 18, no. 2 (August 16, 2012): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.18.2.100.

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Safitri, Nia, Atria Martina, and Rodesia Mustika Roza. "ANTAGONISTIC TEST OF RIAU LOCAL FUNGAL ISOLATES AGAINST SOME PATHOGENIC IN CULTIVATED PLANTS." Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi 12, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.8730.

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Tanaman budi daya merupakan tanaman yang sering diserang oleh cendawan pathogen, sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan populasi dan produksi tanaman. Pengendalian hayati dengan cendawan antagonis merupakan salah satu metode yang paling efektif dan lebih ramah lingkungan dalam menekan pertumbuhan patogen tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antagonis cendawan isolat lokal Riau terhadap beberapa cendawan patogen pada tanaman budi daya. Uji antagonis dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode dual culture menggunakan lima belas cendawan isolat lokal Riau terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Ganoderma philippii, G. boninense, Rigidoporus microporus dan Colletotrichum sansevieria. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 memiliki aktivitas antagonis tertinggi dan isolat FER C1 serta isolat LLB07 hanya memiliki aktivitas antagonis yang tinggi dalam menekan pertumbuhan cendawan patogen. Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselium F. oxysporum sebesar 85,30%, G. Philippii (100%), G. boninense (100%), dan C. sansevieria (100%). Isolat FER C1 hanya menghambat R. Microporus (50,39%) dan isolat LLB07 menghambat G. philippii (52,20%). Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 merupakan cendawan uji yang terpilih sebagai cendawan antagonis, karena memiliki kemampuan daya hambat >70%.Abstract Cultivated plants are often attacked by pathogenic fungi resulting in a decline of population and crop production. Biocontrol with antagonistic fungi is one of the most effective and environmentally friendly methods in suppressing the growth of plant pathogens. This study aims to examine the antagonistic activity of local isolates fungi Riau against some pathogenic fungi on cultivated plants. The antagonistic test was performed in vitro by dual culture method using fifteen local isolates fungal Riau against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Ganoderma philippii, G. boninense, Rigidoporus microporus and Colletotrichum sansevieria. The results showed that Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate exhibited highest activites and FER C1 and LLB07 isolates exhibited high activities suppressed the growth of the fungal pathogen. Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate inhibited mycelial growth F. oxysporum (85.30%), G. philippii (100%), G. boninense (100%) and C. sansevieria (100%). FER C1 isolate only inhibited R. microporus (50.39%), and LLB07 isolate inhibited G. philippii (52.20%). Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate is test isolates as fungal antagonistic.

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de St, F., and J. van der Riet. "Diseases of plants transmissible between plants and man (phytonoses) exist." Medical Hypotheses 49, no. 4 (October 1997): 359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-9877(97)90202-4.

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Shah, Kabita Kumari, Injila Tiwari, Bindu Modi, Hari Prasad Pandey, Sudeep Subedi, and Jiban Shrestha. "Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) decline by dieback disease, root pathogens and their management: a review." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i2.33915.

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Shisham or sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) is an important multipurpose tree with great economic importance, but this tree has been infected by various root pathogens. This review article shows the works conducted on root pathogens and die back disease of Shisham and their management. Around seventy-one endophytic fungus has been found in sissoo trees in Nepal. Several fungi, including, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus gilvus, Polypours gilvus, Rhizoctonia solani, Polyporus spongiosum, etc. cause sissoo diseases. Ganoderma Lucidum and F. Solani are two main pathogenic agents in Shisham, all of which causes root rot and vascular wilt diseases, and are the causes for the large-scale death of this tree species. Root rot ganoderma is wide spread in both natural and plant-based forests. Older trees in Shisham are usually attacked by these pathogens and cause large-scale death. However, when sissoo is grown as a re-forested pure plant without the removal of the stumps or root of the initial plant, a serious problem of root rot can develop. Field sanitation and proper management of field are necessary to control the fungal diseases of Shisham. Another deleterious disease of Shisham is dieback disease, where sissoo plantations have been confirmed to this disease when the infected trees begin to get dry from the top. There is no suitable solution for control of dieback of Shisham. There is a need of developing resistant varieties and to improve the quality of seed. This review may be useful tool for Forest Pathologists and other persons who are working in forestry and natural conservation sectors.

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