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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gang members'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Kelly, Jane Frances. "Narratives of gang desistance amongst former gang members." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29549.

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Gangs are found all over the world, including South Africa. In Cape Town specifically, gang involvement is a critical problem in need of intervention. Despite this, little research has explored the perspectives of former gang members on leaving and staying out of the gang. Understanding how and why individuals desist from gangs has important implications for policymakers, the criminal justice system, and in the development of effective interventions, which is particularly important in low- and middle-income countries like South Africa, where very little is known about desistance from gangs, and where economic and other conditions that may lead to gang involvement are different from those in high-income countries. Drawing on a narrative theoretical framework as well as the theory of critical realism, this research sought to examine how former South African gang members understand and make sense of their desistance from gang involvement, focusing on exiting the gang life as well as maintaining a reformed lifestyle after exiting, despite the challenges this may present. Two rounds of life history interviews were conducted with twelve former gang members from a Cape Town community with a high prevalence of gangsterism. Thematic narrative analysis was used to analyse the interview data. Findings revealed that the participants’ narratives of desistance focused on a profound transformation in identity in which they moved away from the hardened, stoic gangster identity and embraced a more prosocial identity, such as that of a positive role model in the community. This transformation was a process punctuated with key turning points (such as incarceration or becoming religious) that prompted active reflection on the gang life and contributed to their decision to desist. The participants’ narratives also focused on their agency in the desistance process, which included forming a purposive intention to change their lives, committing to and maintaining this change, in spite of challenges they faced (for example, a relapse into drugs), taking personal responsibility for their pasts and striving for more independence in the future. Importantly, it also involved actively drawing on protective resources (such as meaningful and practical support from loved ones and religious belief systems) and prosocial identities (for example, being a caring husband and father) available to them within their environments, thus illustrating how the desistance process is an interaction between inner and outer resources. Therefore, it is imperative that interventions that assist desisting gangsters are targeted not only on an individual level, but a contextual level too, ensuring that individuals have access to the kinds of resources in their environment that will support their desistance.
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2

Wijnberg, Marcelle. "Exploration of male gang members' perspectives of gangs and drugs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20000.

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Thesis (M Social Work)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Western Cape is notorious for its high prevalence of gangs and resulting gang violence. This is confirmed in the multitude of frequent reports of homicides attributed to gangs. This area of South Africa further has elevated substance abuse statistics. Literature clearly states that gangs and drugs are inextricably linked. The nature of the interaction is however unclear, although the effects of the interaction is significantly apparent as the consequences of gang activities is often felt by innocent bystanders. It is concerning that gangsterism and drug usage is normalised and ceases to be viewed as deviant in some communities. The consequences of the interaction between gangs and drugs has ramifications for community safety and further places much strain on the health, social welfare, as well as defence sectors. Effective interventions need to be informed by insight into the interaction between gangs and drugs. The best source of reliable information in this regard would be gang members. A dearth of research with regards to the gang members‟ perspective on the connection between gangs and drugs thus motivated the study. The study was conducted with male gang members within the setting of a substance treatment centre, where drug usage is normalised. An empirical study with a combination of a qualitative and quantitative approach was used, where a semi structured questionnaire was administered with individual participants as well as a focus group. The study illustrated that gangs attract members through their ability to meet the individuals‟ needs. These needs are linked to those indentified within motivational theory. Gangs met physiological needs through access to drugs, safety needs through providing protection, and self esteem needs through the provision of money and status. Significantly, gangs were identified as meeting individuals‟ belonging needs. Commonality was established in risk factors for involvement in a gang and as well as in the usage of substances. The study showed unstable home environments with absent fathers and multiple stressors such as exposure to high levels of violence and abuse. Disconnectedness within families was further highlighted. The participants were exposed to elevated levels of substance misuse within their families as well as elevated levels of familial involvement in the sale of drugs. Familial involvement in gangs was also high within participants. The findings of the study indicate that drugs are enmeshed within gang activities. Drug usage occurs before and after going out and committing crimes. Drugs were used to heighten gang members‟ fortitude, diminishing inhibitions. Participants spoke about being incapable of undertaking violent acts, without first using drugs. Gang members used drugs to quieten the conscience and in self medicating after completing a task, in order to cope with flashbacks and intrusive thoughts and images. Gang norms with regards to the sanctioning of drugs is a complex issue. The study demonstrated that gangs make a distinction between drugs, for example heroin usage is not encouraged by all gangs due to the associated tolerance and severe withdrawal symptoms. Gangs tread a thin line between condoning and discouraging drug usage. Supporting drug usage may benefit the gang, as it encourages and motivates gang activities. Gang members who become dependent on drugs are however a risk for the gang, as they become unreliable and disloyal, as their absolute devotion to the gang is challenged by their physiological needs. Gang members however perceive the gangs‟ prohibition of certain drugs, as motivated by a concern for their wellbeing rather than self interest. The temporal order of drug usage and gang membership illustrated that drug usage preceded involvement in a gang. Drug usage however significantly increased and progressed after inclusion in a gang. Recommendations emphasised a need to acknowledge the link between drugs and gangs. Insight provided by gang members is needed in order to inform effective interventions. Within the substance dependence field, the gang member presents with unique treatment needs, which must be understood in order to gain optimum results. Ill-informed, generic treatment is ineffective, irresponsible and costly for service providers, communities affected by gangsterism, and those gang members with some willingness to change.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Wes-Kaap is berug vir dié provinsie se hoë voorkoms van bendes en gepaardgaande bendegeweld. Dít word bevestig deur die menigte gereelde berigte van moord waarby bendes betrek word. Hierdie gebied van Suid-Afrika toon boonop verhoogde middelmisbruik-statistieke. Literatuur stel dit onomwonde dat bendes en dwelmmiddels op onlosmaaklike wyse verbind is. Die aard van hierdie wisselwerking is onduidelik, hoewel die uitwerking daarvan onmiskenbaar is: Veral onskuldige omstanders word dikwels deur die gevolge van bendebedrywighede geraak. Dit is kommerwekkend dat bendes en dwelmmisbruik oënskynlik genormaliseer en in sommige gemeenskappe nie meer as afwykend bestempel word nie. Die wisselwerking tussen bendes en dwelms hou ernstige gevolge in vir gemeenskapsveiligheid, en plaas daarbenewens heelwat druk op die gesondheid-, maatskaplikewelsyn- sowel as verdedigingsektor. Doeltreffende intervensies moet gerig word deur insig in die wisselwerking tussen bendes en dwelms. Die beste bron van betroubare inligting in hierdie verband is natuurlik bendelede self. Tog is daar ‟n gebrek aan navorsing oor bendelede se eie beskouings van die verband tussen bendes en dwelms, en dít het dus as beweegrede vir hierdie studie gedien. Die studie is onder manlike bendelede in ‟n behandelingsentrum vir middelmisbruik onderneem, waar dwelmgebruik genormaliseer word. ‟n Empiriese studie met ‟n kombinasie van ‟n kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe benadering is gebruik, en ‟n semigestruktureerde vraelys is onder individuele deelnemers sowel as ‟n fokusgroep afgeneem. Die studie toon dat bendes lede werf deur hul vermoë om in die individu se behoeftes te voorsien. Hierdie behoeftes stem ooreen met die behoeftes wat in motiveringsteorie uitgewys word. Bendes voorsien in sielkundige behoeftes deur toegang tot dwelms te bied; hulle voorsien in veiligheidsbehoeftes deur beskerming te verleen, en hulle voorsien in selfbeeldbehoeftes deur geld en status beskikbaar te stel. In die besonder is bevind dat bendes in individue se behoefte voorsien om iewers tuis te hoort. Daar is ‟n gemeenskaplikheid uitgewys in die risikofaktore vir bendebetrokkenheid en vir middelmisbruik. Die studie lewer bewys van onstabiele huislike omgewings met afwesige vaderfigure en veelvuldige stressors, soos blootstelling aan hoë vlakke van geweld en misbruik. ‟n Gebrek aan familiebande kom voorts aan die lig. Die deelnemers is in hulle families aan verhoogde vlakke van middelmisbruik sowel as verhoogde vlakke van betrokkenheid by dwelmhandel blootgestel. Familiebetrokkenheid by bendebedrywighede blyk ook algemeen te wees onder deelnemers. Die bevindinge van die studie toon dat dwelms en bendebedrywighede ineengevleg is. Dwelmgebruik vind plaas voor sowel as nadat misdaad in bendeverband gepleeg word. Dwelms word gebruik om bendelede moed te gee en hul inhibisies te laat verdwyn. Deelnemers noem dat hulle nie geweld kan pleeg sonder om eers dwelms te gebruik nie. Bendelede gebruik dwelms om hul gewete te sus en hulself ná die voltooiing van ‟n taak te behandel om terugflitse en aanhoudende gedagtes aan die gebeure te kan hanteer. Bendenorme met betrekking tot die goedkeuring van dwelms is ‟n komplekse saak. Die studie toon dat bendes tussen verskillende soorte dwelms onderskei: Alle bendes moedig byvoorbeeld nie heroïengebruik aan nie weens die verwante toleransie en ernstige onttrekkingsimptome. Vir bendes is daar ‟n baie fyn lyn tussen die kondonering en ontmoediging van dwelmmisbruik. Die ondersteuning van dwelmgebruik kan tot voordeel van die bende wees, want dit dien as aansporing en motivering vir bendebedrywighede. Tog hou dwelmafhanklike lede ook ‟n gevaar vir die bende in, aangesien hulle onbetroubaar en ontrou raak wanneer hulle absolute toewyding aan die bende teen hul fisiologiese behoeftes te staan kom. Bendelede beskou egter die bende se verbod op sekere dwelms as ‟n teken van hul besorgdheid oor hulle lede se welstand eerder as selfbelang. Die tydsorde van dwelmgebruik en bendelidmaatskap toon dat dwelmgebruik bendebetrokkenheid voorafgaan. Dwelmgebruik het egter beduidend toegeneem en verhewig ná insluiting by ‟n bende. Aanbevelings beklemtoon die behoefte om die koppeling tussen bendes en dwelms te erken. Insigte wat van bendelede bekom word, is nodig ten einde doeltreffende intervensies te rig. Op die gebied van middelafhanklikheid het die bendelid unieke behandelingsbehoeftes wat verstaan moet word ten einde optimale resultate te behaal. Generiese behandeling sonder die nodige agtergrondinligting is ondoeltreffend, onverantwoordelik en duur vir diensverskaffers, gemeenskappe wat deur bendebedrywighede geraak word, sowel as daardie bendelede wat wél bereid is om te verander.
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3

Burnett, Natasha R. "Gang Injunctions Effects: The Experiences of Residents and Enjoined Gang Members." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6977.

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Civil gang injunctions (CGIs) are bans on nuisance behavior that have been enacted against gang members. Numerous studies conducted on the efficacy of CGIs have proven that they have little to no long-term effects on the communities in which they are implemented, nor on the gang members enjoined under them and their gang activities. The purpose of this empirical, phenomenological interpretative analysis study was to (a) determine the sociofamilial effects of CGIs on community residents; (b) determine the effects of CGIs on the behaviors and activities of enjoined gang members; and (c) determine the overall efficacy of CGIs based on the perspectives of community residents and enjoined gang members, with the goal of creating avenues to improve CGIs or eliminate them, if necessary. The theoretical framework for this study was Berger and Luckmann's social construction theory. A total of 7 anonymous phone interviews were conducted with community residents, enjoined gang members, and local law enforcement living and/or working in the enjoined neighborhood during the implementation of the first gang injunction in Memphis, TN. Data from these interviews were coded for thematic analysis and constant comparison. The findings were mixed in that some participants expressed that the injunction had positive results for a while and others expressed that it had a negative effect on the community. It was found that the injunction was positively effective, but only on a short-term basis, and that consistent introduction of community resources to address underlying issues that lead to crime would have been a better solution.
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4

Agnew, Emma R. E. "Discourse, policy, gangs : an analysis of gang members' talk and policy." Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5384/.

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European academics have historically been reluctant to conduct explicit gang research on the premise that it risks stereotyping communities. Subsequently, notions about gangs in the UK have been transposed from American literature, which is primarily based within a criminological perspective and focuses on personal characteristics of gang members, such as their violent tendencies (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). Alternatively, underpinned by a community psychology perspective, this research explores how young people involved in gangs construct their identities and experiences, and to what extent these constructions reproduce or resist political discourse. Semi-structured interviews with six self-identified gang members, as well as the UK policy ‘Ending Gang and Youth Violence’ (Home Office, 2011) were analysed using a hybrid approach of discursive psychology and critical discourse analysis. The four main discursive sites identified in the policy were: i) The demonization of gangs, ii) the inevitability of gangs, iii) gangs: the product of ‘troubled families’, iv) the racialization of gangs. The four main discursive sites within the interviews were: i) experiences of racism, ii) the inevitability of gang membership, iii) problematized identities, iv) individual and family responsibility. The analysis indicated that, at times, the participants reproduced problematising ideological discourse, at other times they constructed reimagined personal narratives which resisted hegemonic discourses about gang members, and at other times they exposed the oppressive mechanisms of political discourse, by detailing how being labelled a ‘gang member’ and racial discrimination had shaped their subjectivities and lived experiences. The findings indicate the need for an overhaul of elitist policy production, for authentic participation of young people with experiences of living in deprived areas, and for a shift from the ‘criminological’ framework of gang policy towards ‘welfare’. Furthermore, the findings highlight the need to direct political attention to addressing racial discrimination. Clinically, community psychology approaches are recommended, as well as working at macro levels to change cultural narratives around this group.
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5

Spies, James R. "Insurgency in the hood understanding insurgencies through urban gangs." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2752.

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Past, current and future military endeavors will invariably involve conflict at the sub-state level. A recurring problem in the study of insurgent conflict is a lack of data that has the breadth, depth, and historical accuracy to provide insight as to why, at the individual level, people participate in insurgency. Accessibility to street gangs provides a comprehensive source of data not seen in insurgencies. Street gangs provide a "ground truth", to the interaction between the state and organized substate group in a competition for control. The individuals who fuel both sides of this competition for control are basing decisions to participate in insurgency on a framework founded in rational actor theory, but modified by their perspective of the world. Groups who wish to recruit individuals into their insurgency apply incentives and disincentives selectively to individuals to compel membership. As a group gains more members it can apply more incentives, increasing the rate or future recruitment and level of control over a community. A comprehensive and effective strategy cannot be developed to counter these insurgent forces without answering the fundamental questions behind individual participation first. This thesis examines insurgency from the individual level and proposes concepts that must accompany any attempt to combat rebel groups.
US Army (USA) author.
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6

Devor, Bryan William. "Controlling gang crime: The Santa Nita gang injunction." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/138.

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The purpose of this study will explore increasing gang membership, gang structure, and strategies utilized by the criminal justice system in attempting to curb gang-related crime and activities. Through a quantitative research study, the researcher examined crime in the cities of Garden Grove, California and Santa Ana, California in an attempt to determine the success of the Santa Nita Gang Injunction in reducing crime within the injunctions "safety zone."
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7

Wood, Sherree F. "Strategies Employed by School Administrators to Prevent or Reduce Gang-Related Activity and Violence in Selected High Schools in a North Central Texas School District." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278289/.

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This research investigated the strategies used by school administrators in selected high schools to prevent or reduce gang-related activity and violence. Interviews were conducted with six high school principals, six assistant principals, fifteen staff members and eleven students. All of the students were gang members. The results of the study showed that there are gang members in all schools, but that their gang activity at school is curtailed by some specific strategies.
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8

Goodwill, Alanaise O. "In and out of Aboriginal gang life : perspectives of Aboriginal ex-gang members." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11076.

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This research project generated a categorical scheme to describe the facilitation of gang entry and exit for Aboriginal ex-gang members using the Critical Incident Technique (Flanagan, 1954; Woolsey, 1986) as a method of qualitative data analysis. Former gang members responded to the questions: (a) What facilitated gang entry for you? (b) What facilitated gang exit for you? Participants provided 103 and 136 critical incidents which were categorized into two separate category schemes each containing 13 different categories. The 13 categories for gang entry were; engaging in physical violence, proving one’s worth, hanging around delinquent activity, family involved in gangs and following a family pattern; going to prison, gang becoming family and support system, looking up to gang members and admiring gang lifestyle, becoming dependant on gang, experiencing unsafe or unsupportive parenting practices, gaining respect by rank increase, reacting to authority, caught in a cycle of fear, and partying. The 13 categories for gang exit were; working in the legal workforce, accepting support from family or girlfriend, helping others stay out of or move away from gang life, not wanting to go back to jail, accepting responsibility for family, accepting guidance and protection, participating in ceremony, avoiding alcohol, publically expressing that you are out of the gang, wanting legitimate relationships outside gang life, experiencing a native brotherhood, stopping self from reacting like a gangster, and acknowledging the drawbacks of gang violence. Diverse methods of checking trustworthiness and credibility were applied to these category schemes, and it was found that both category schemes can be used confidently.
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Hasan, Hammam Adib. "Developing a pictorial method to examine gang and non-gang perceptions of school /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7837.

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10

Boerman, Thomas J. "Adolescent gang and nongang offenders : assessment of explanatory factors and institution-to-community transitional outcomes /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3055669.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-203). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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11

Uhrenius, Kajsa. "Reintegration processes of former gang members and former combatants." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-70769.

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In a world where conflict is common, effective programs for reintegration of the combatants must exist for the post conflict societies. There is also a growing presence not only of gangs, but also of reintegration programs for those that chose to leave said gangs. To find what parts of those processes are alike and what parts are different is the objective of this thesis. For the former combatants, the thesis focuses on those of the former rebel group, meaning the illegally armed group. The reasons for comparing the two processes are that they outwardly look quite similar in the sense that the both deal with reintegration of formerly armed groups. Both groups have also been involved in some sort of violent action, and they are both being reintegrated into a society that they are not actively full members of. The research is carried out through a desk study using the method of a qualitative research through and abductive approach. The theoretical framework that is used is the inclusion-exclusion framework from the security-development nexus. This is also combined with the use of an analytical framework which was created using three different parts of full reintegration, namely social, political and economical reintegration. Through the usage of the case study of El Salvador, the thesis found that there were both similarities and differences between the two types of reintegration, however, the differences far outweighed the similarities. The thesis also found that while the two processes may be alike from an outside perspective, they are dealing with people of quite different needs. However, some potential can be seen for changes in both processes in order to improve their efficiency, though more research is needed.
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12

Lanier, Mark M., Robert P. Pack, and Timothy A. Akers. "Epidemiologic Criminology: Drug Use Among African American Gang Members." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6333.

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Epidemiological methods and public health theories can be tied to theories of crime and delinquency and used to create evidence-based policy. Interdisciplinary theoretical approaches to existing, and emerging, public health and criminal justice problems hold great promise. Differential association theory postulates that close association with delinquent peers leads to an increase in deviant activities such as illicit drug use. Social cognitive theory postulates that health behavior change is driven by the interaction of (a) cognitive states that support a health outcome, (b) the social and contextual environment, (c) and individual action. Combined, these theories can be applied to drug eradication programs as well as other health and crime issues. Focus groups and interviews were performed to identify rates of illicit substance use among incarcerated African American adolescent male gang members and nongang members. The policy recommendations illustrate the convergence of criminological and epidemiological theory under the new paradigm of epidemiological criminology or ??EpiCrim.??
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Xiong, Mai. "A descriptive study of Hmong youth gang members in the California Central Valley." Scholarly Commons, 2002. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2599.

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This study investigated the perceptions of Hmong youth gang members and professional workers related to the following research questions: How does a Hmong youth become a gang member? Why are Hmong youth involved in gangs? What are the benefits of being in a gang? What are the activities that Hmong youths do in a gang? How does a gang member get out of the gang? An open-ended survey questionnaire was used for the Hmong youth gang members. A standardized open-ended interview approach was used for the professional workers. Twenty-eight youth gang members and ten professional workers participated in this study. The data collected from this study were analyzed using description, classification, and interpretation techniques. The findings show that a Hmong youth can become a gang member by forming a gang, jumping in (being beaten), or committing a criminal activity. It was found that the youth gang members joined the gang for a variety of reasons, such as having siblings or friends who were in the gang, intimidation, discrimination, fun and excitement, family problems, or school problems. The most frequently stated reasons were gang friends and intimidation. The findings show that the gang provides the gang member friendship, social bonding, belonging, economic gain, respect, support, protection, fun and excitement. The activities that the youth gang members engage in include smoking, drinking, partying, dealing drugs, stealing, fighting, drive-by shootings, and home invasions. The study indicates that jumping out (being beaten), moving away, or getting married are the different ways that a Hmong youth gang member can get out of the gang.
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De, Iaco Gilda Assunta. "Juvenile street gang members and ethnic identity in Montreal, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100345.

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This study explores ethnic identity and ethnic culture and the role they play in the lives of young men in gangs. Fifty male youths between the ages of 14 and 20 were interviewed. These youths were of French (10), Haitian (10), Jamaican (10), and Latino (10) ethnicity. Ten youths from a variety of other ethnic backgrounds were also interviewed. All youths were confined in maximum-security detention centers in Montreal, Canada. Participatory observation of males who were full-fledged gang members or affiliated with gang members was conducted at these centers. Analysis for this dissertation was conducted following the Birmingham School perspective and Herbert Gans's theory of symbolic ethnicity. The Birmingham School perspective is used to explore symbolic meaning behind specific styles [i.e. hairstyles, image, demeanor] and the degree to which they are interrelated with these young men's ethnic culture and ethnic identity, and how these various styles are signifiers of resistance or belonging. Herbert Gans's conception of symbolic ethnicity is used to explore ethno-cultural identity and its meaning in gang life. The research shows that these gangs (the French, Haitian, Jamaican, Latino, and youths from a variety of other ethnic backgrounds) are organized along racial and ethnic lines. Latinos were most likely to explicitly identify preservation of ethnic identity and ethnic culture as important components of gang life. This research is exploratory and identifies important issues for further investigation.
Key words. youth gangs, delinquency, Montreal, ethnicity, culture, identity, style.
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Arocha, Mauricio. "Situated Learning and Latino Male Gang Members at Homeboy Industries." Thesis, Loyola Marymount University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3740850.

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Gang intervention is crucial to improving the lives of Latino males in Los Angeles. The effectiveness of these programs is dependent on society’s perspective of gang members, and its ability to support the work of gang intervention programs. As documented in this research, Latinos face unique obstacles and situations, in education and in life. This qualitative research study aimed to provide insight as to the perceived impact of a Gang Intervention Program, Homeboy Industries, on Latino males. This study also provided insight as to the methods, behaviors, strategies, and situated learning perceived to positively affect former gang members at Homeboy Industries. The protocol included open-ended, in-depth interviews with former gang members now affiliated with Homeboys that met specific criteria. The data from the interviews provided insight about the impact of the past, the struggles of the present, and the aspirations of the future for former gang members in the Homeboys intervention program. Homeboy Industries utilizes a holistic approach to define clear expectations, and enable a collaborative decision making process to develop a shared vision that cultivates trust among former gang members to improve their lives. This shared vision was rooted in the Ignatian paradigm, espoused by Homeboys Industries founder, Father Greg Boyle, S.J. This study validated the need for gang intervention programs similar to the Homeboys Industries model, and a reconstruction of society’s understanding of the former gang member, and his ability to contribute to society.

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16

Lee, Sou. "MENYUAM LAIB: ENTRY, PERSISTENCE, AND EXIT AMONG HMONG GANG MEMBERS." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1793.

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Despite the rich history of gang research in the United States, Asian gangs remain arelatively understudied group. While early investigations have teased out factors associated withentry and exit among these individuals, the vast majority of these accounts focused specificallyon Chinese and Vietnamese gang members in California and New York. Consequently, it isunclear whether these findings hold true for Asian gang members residing in other states and ofdifferent ethnic background, such as the Hmong (a highland tribal people from the mountains ofLaos). In an effort to address this empirical gap, this study relied on life-history interviews andethnographic observations with 34 current and former Hmong gang members from California,Minnesota, and Wisconsin to uncover the motivations and methods associated with entry,persistence, and exit. Overall, findings mirrored much of what has been documented amongother racial and ethnic gangs; that is, participants expressed similar reasons for joining, staying,and leaving. However, findings also indicated that Hmong gang members demonstrate a greaterand more genuine level of bonding—an observation that has also been noted among Vietnamesegang members. Moreover, there was evidence of geographic variations associated with joiningand staying between California and Wisconsin participants. In an effort to theoreticallycontextualize participants’ experiences (i.e. entry, persistence, and exit), this study utilized asymbolic interactionist framework—social structures, meaning-making, and identity—given itsemergence through the modified grounded theory approach to data collection and analysis. As aresult of these efforts, several theoretical and policy implications emerged and were discussed.
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17

Gray, Lorraine. "Perceived Gender Role Conflict and Violence: Mexican American Gang Members." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1440772642.

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18

Burke, Della Elizabeth. "Deported: Salvadoran gang members in Los Angeles and El Salvador." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291938.

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This thesis asserts that the problem of gang violence is not solved through the deportations of criminal immigrants. There are several reasons deported Salvadoran gang members return to Los Angeles, including identification with the city of Los Angeles, lack of identification with El Salvador and fear of persecution in El Salvador. The history of El Salvador provides a base on which the current issue of deportations can be analyzed. Since the majority of gang activity in the United States is based in the Los Angeles area, the impact of growing up as an immigrant in Los Angeles is important to understand. Finally, immigration attorneys present asylum arguments based on the documented persecution of gang members by agencies the government of El Salvador cannot or will not control. My data, including interviews, newspaper articles and a transcription of a case for gang-based asylum, show a clear pattern of persecution by the Salvadoran national police.
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Edwards, Jamal S. "Examining gang violence through the lives and eyes of young male gang members: implications for educational leaders." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2011. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/237.

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This study examined gang violence through the lives and eyes of young male gang members. Throughout the conduction of this study; surveys were given and interviews were conducted to explore the phenomenon of gang violence as well as its implications for educational leaders. Variables were discussed in order to discover their influence on gang participation, activity, and violence. The variables ranged from lack of fathers, lack of religious belief, lack of positive role models, and the addiction to the gangster lifestyle, just to name a few. Of all the variables explored, the one that was unanimously the strongest was a lack of fathers. This prevailed throughout my research. Every gang member stated that a father or strong parental support/parental supervision, could have ultimately changed the outcome of their lives, most importantly leading them towards a life that did not involve the streets. Data showed that our educational system is failing our youth who are coming from urban environments and being educated in urban schools. My interviews showed that these young men feel that either teachers do not know, do not show, or simply just do not care about what goes on in the lives of these students outside the classroom. This dissertation gives an open, honest, and rarely seen picture of actual gang life along with the social and psychological effects it renders on its victims. For the first time, gang members spoke about their wants, loves, fears, and aspirations. This dissertation gave them a platform to be heard as individuals with real life problems that need attention and not ‘just another gang member.” Look then, if you will, at life from their perspective in an attempt to gain solutions through insight that can be applied in the classroom to achieve scholastic success. In ending, my hope is that the dissertation can be used by educational leaders to change the norm of urban schools in order to produce an environment that allows all students to succeed.
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Young, Tara. "Risky youth or gang members? : a contextual critique of the (re)discovery of gangs in Britain." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2016. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/920/.

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The aim of this body of work has been to explore the anti-social behaviour and criminality of disaffected young people. In particular, my focus has been on how the perception of young offenders as ‘youth at risk’ needing guidance has metamorphosed into one of ‘gang’ membership requiring a punitive response. My work examines how community agencies and the criminal justice system have responded to this shift and focuses on the consequences for young people. Theoretically, this body of work has been influenced by a constructionist epistemology and incorporates a feminist methodology. The research work upon which this body of work rests consists mainly of qualitative research with marginalised young people, family members and practitioners working with them. My findings, detailed in various publications, have challenged assumptions about anti-social youngsters, the nature of collective offending by young people and the role the family plays in ‘gang-related’ offending. Most notably, they have sought to shape academic and political discourse in Britain by adopting a critical position against the prevailing view that ‘gang-related’ offending is the primary driver for the rise in violent offences. The work has contributed to the conceptualisation of ‘gang’ groups as they exist in contemporary Britain. It has influenced public policy on the gang, particularly in relation to defining the gang, on crime control and it has rerouted the debate about the involvement of girls and young women in street-based groups.
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Albertse, Lizelle. "Gang members' experiences of victimization and perpetration of rape in prison." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7518_1241763499.

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People outside of prison tend to imagine sex in prison as violent gang attacks on defenceless individuals, but in actual fact, sex in prison is more complicated than the isolated gang rapes that take place. For the purpose of this study, the researcher followed the qualitative research approach from a constructivist perspective to understand how participants portrayed or constructed their experiences of victimization and/or perceprion of rape.

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Smith, Debra. "Adolescent male gang members' literacy experiences within and outside of school." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284405.

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This purpose of this dissertation is to investigate how four Mexican American male adolescents perceive their literacy within and outside of school. Particular attention is given to the literacies found in the family, gang, school, and juvenile court communities. Initially, the four Mexican American male adolescents who participated in this study were students in my alternative classroom. Later, I officially advocated for them and their families in the educational system. I worked with each participant for four years. Each participant is a member of a gang and has struggled with being successful in school. The ethnographic case study design of the research, enabled me to examine each participant's literacy story. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews, participant observation and field notes, and the gathering of written and visual artifacts such as school assignments, personal journals, individual tags, personally written raps, and photographs. Data were organized into "case study data bases" and each participant's story contributed to a larger discussion of the individual communities in which the four members participated. The research revealed that all four participants come from rich literacy environments and that the social and political roles of literacy varied within the different communities. These multiple roles controlled the participants' use of literacies to navigate within the educational and juvenile court systems.
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Afalava, Natasha Leeann. "Utah Pacific Islander Former Gang Members: Meanings of Everyday Lived Experiences." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2914.

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Gangs continue to extend a strong influence around the United States, impacting most urban areas and spreading into suburban and rural communities. With approximately one million members actively involved, gangs account for up to 80% of crimes in some communities. Amidst crime and antisocial activities associated with gangs, gangs continue to be a strong allure for youth. Much research has investigated reasons for youth joining gangs; however, there is a lack of research exploring the kinds of experiences youths receive while living the gang life. According to Utah statistics, Pacific Islander youth are at high risk of joining a gang: A disproportionately high percentage of Utah gang members are of Pacific Islander decent. Pacific Islanders make up less than 1% of Utah's population while composing 13% of Utah's gang population and 1.6% of Utah's state prison population. Minimal research has been conducted to understand the kinds of experiences Pacific Islander youths experience while with the gang. This information is critical to informing effective prevention and intervention efforts. Addressing this need, this retrospective qualitative study focused on four males, Utah Pacific Islander former gang members who experienced gang life while in their youth. During one-on-one interviews with the primary investigator, each individual described his personal gang experiences, providing four detailed stories/descriptions of everyday lived experiences. Each interview portrayed themes of feeling respected, having access to things desired, feeling a family bond, and having the presence of significant others in their lives. Based on information shared in these four interviews, the discussion section summarizes implications for intervention and practice, providing insights to better understand underlying needs of Pacific Islander youth and reasons for entry into, continued activity in, and eventual exit from gang life.
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Zavala, Egbert. "¡Haciendo travesuras con vatos locos como yo! A low-self control approach to gang violence, gang membership, and criminal offending--violent victimization among gang members." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7008.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
W. Richard Goe
Criminologists have traditionally studied criminal offending and violent victimization separately. Extant studies, however, demonstrates that criminals and victims overlap to some degree, hinting that a common underlying trait explains both criminal offending and violent victimization. This study tests whether Gottfredson and Hirschi’s self-control theory explains the overlap in criminal offending and violent victimization exposure among gang members. Using cross-sectional survey data from the Evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) Program in the United States, 1995-1999, results from the regression models show that low self-control is to some degree correlated with criminal offending and violent victimization. Gang members were more likely than non-gang members to participate in some forms of criminal activities, but they were not more likely to be victimized. When variables stemming from social learning and social bonding are included in the regression models, results show that associating with delinquent peers had the strongest effect in predicting criminal offending, contradicting Gottfredson and Hirschi’s claim that self-control is the only cause of criminal behavior. In concert with previous studies that have found a link between low self-control and violent victimization, results show that youths with low self-control were somewhat more likely than youths with higher self-control to report being victimized. The results of the study, as well as venues for future research, are discussed.
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Rice, Jerome Lee. "Examining Family Hierarchy Through the Eyes of Former Mac Baller Gang Members." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7952.

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Criminal gang membership is growing, which corresponds to a continued breakdown of the family unit in the United States. Most of the young people who form gangs come from broken families or single-parent-headed households. This study explored the role of family hierarchy on gang membership. A qualitative case study approach was used to gather information on what motivates young people to join criminal gangs. A random sampling technique was used to recruit seven former members of the Mac Baller Brim gang. Ethical concerns were addressed to minimize the risks to the participants. The collected data from interviews were analyzed using an interpretive research philosophy to determine the contribution of family hierarchy on motivating the participants to join gangs. Interpretive research philosophy indicates that reality can only be understood by subjective interpretation and intervention. An action research strategy was also used in an attempt to provide a practical solution for the people studied while adding to existing theories. The findings of the study indicated that there are 5 reasons why young people join gangs: protection, respect, money, fun, and because a friend was in the gang. This study may contribute to social change by identifying factors that lead to gang membership to aid policy and program interventions that lower the likelihood of youth joining gangs.
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Gonzalez, Dominquez Jose Fabian. "Gang membership, drug sales, violence, and guns." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3358.

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The purpose of this study is to examine three factors relating to drug arrests using secondary data analysis. First, ethnic characteristics of a dealer were analyzed according to the location from where they sold their product. Next, possible factors associated with a police officer using force at the time of a drug arrest were also analyzed. Finally, factors associated with a gun being present at the time of a drug arrest were also analyzed.
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Wall-Whitfield, Martha. "Listening to their Voices: Gang Members’ Perceptions of their Schooling and their Teachers." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2159.

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Although gangs have long been present, gangs exert an increasingly significant influence on the culture of students who attend schools, especially in urban environments. This case study investigation involved a purposeful sampling of four young men who were involved in gangs. By spending time with each young man in several interviews, I was able to gain insight into his perceptions of schooling, his teachers, and his view on caring in schools. The individual interviews focused on each student’s experiences in schooling through the lens of care. This research took in-depth look at these four gang members in their individual schooling environments. Although the literature gives a glance at gang members and their perspectives on education, the research has only touched the surface in understanding this complex youth. This study has added to the literature on gangs in schools and has explained in detail what these four gang members perceived in regards to their teachers and care. With these interviews, I have identified other themes related to gangs in schools that can be further researched. In this study, these four gang members have been given a voice.
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Breska, Jennifer. "Mentoring for juvenile gang members and at-risk youth| A grant proposal project." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1522560.

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The purpose of this project was to identify a potential funding source and write a complete grant in order to implement a mentoring program for juvenile gang members and at-risk youth in San Luis Obispo County, California. The objective of the program was to identify, screen, and train adults volunteering to mentor at-risk youth and juvenile gang members identified by the San Luis Obispo County Independent Living Program. The adult mentors were expected to develop a positive and supportive relationship with the youth. An extensive literature review was completed to develop understanding about the factors contributing to gang involvement, as well as the benefits to youth working with adult mentors. An investigation of potential funding sources resulted in identifying The California Endowment Innovative Ideas Challenge as the funding source for this project. Actual submission and funding of this grant were not required for successful completion of this project.

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Roberts, Christine Elizabeth. ""I've needed a friend my whole life". Voices offormer gang members: An ethnodrama." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278801.

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This thesis set about to achieve three goals. First it discusses street gang research, assessment of the gang problem, and in particular the forces that push and pull American youths into the street gang lifestyle and the gang member experience. Second, it explores how alternative forms of data presentation, such as ethnodrama, blur the boundary lines between art and scientific research and demonstrates that the embodiment of human experience through artistic means enhances our understanding of the gang problem and creates context. Third, it includes an ethnodrama text constructed from qualitative interviews of three former gang members, in support of narrative inquiry research methods, and illustrating how three young men were drawn into the gang lifestyle, what they experienced by being in a gang, and the factors that helped them to leave the gang and lead them to make positive changes in their lives.
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Rogers, Mario Leone. "Gang activity in San Bernardino, California: A needs assessment for Operation Phoenix." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3357.

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This research study examined an innovative gang approach in the city of San Bernardino called Operation Phoenix. The purpose of this study was to conduct a needs assessment for Operation Phoenix. This qualitative and quantitative study examined how effective Operation Phoenix was in the prevention, intervention, and suppression of gang activity in the city of San Bernardino. In addition it assessed the unique needs of this comprehensive gang program.
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Muller, Patrick Saint Francis. "Study of a gang risk intervention program: a profile of at-risk youth in the public school setting." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2032.

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The purpose of this study was (1) to review programs directed towards students defined "at risk" in the literature, (2) to construct a profile of the at-risk population served by the Gang Risk Intervention Program (GRIP) in Riverside County, and (3) to make future recommendations towards enhanced service delivery to the same.
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Gardiner, Monica Teresa. "Mental health services for former gang members served by Aztecs rising| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523093.

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The purpose of this project was to develop and fund a project to add a mental health component that will serve former gang members and their families. The host agency for this project is Aztecs Rising in Los Angeles. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to build insight and knowledge about the gang culture, risk factors for joining gangs, risk factors for leaving gangs, and mental health needs that pertain to the gang population. A thorough search for potential funding sources led to the California Endowment as the funding source for this project. A grant application was developed to support this project. Submission of the actual grant was not a requirement of this thesis project.

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Clarke, Jason A. Onufer Tracy L. "Understanding environmental factors that affect violence in Salinas, California." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FClarke_Onufer.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Freeman, Michael. Second Reader: Rothstein, Hy. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Salinas, violence, gangs, education, unemployment rate, economy, population, housing, police force, prison, rivalry, social service, community involvement, prevention, intervention. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-87). Also available in print.
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Weide, Robert Donald. "Race War? Inter-Racial Conflict Between Black and Latino Gang Members in Los Angeles County." Thesis, New York University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3685926.

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Using an interdisciplinary critical theoretical approach and a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology this research project aims to better understand the racial identities and perceptions of gang members and the causes of inter-minority racialized gang conflict in Los Angeles County and California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR). The research methodology for this project consists of two years of ethnographic fieldwork, one hundred formal interviews, and statistical analysis using the interview data, census data, and data from CDCR. Existing research and theoretical perspectives that could account for inter-minority racialized gang conflict in Los Angeles are analyzed within this historical context, and evaluated against the qualitative and quantitative data produced by this research project and provided by existing demographic data sets. Both existing and novel theoretical perspectives are applied, which tie racialized gang conflict in Los Angeles in with larger macro-historical structures.

The project begins by analyzing the historical background of racial conflict between blacks and Latinos in Los Angeles. The second factor this research examines is the relationship between racial and gang identities and how these amalgamated identities are culturally defined and differentiated between the black and Latino gang communities specifically, and the black and Latino communities at large generally. Third, this research examines the extent of racial bias among and between black and Latino gang populations in Los Angeles County.

The dissertation goes on to examine the history of racialized prison gangs and the trajectory of inter-racial conflict between them in California's prisons, as well as the role that CDCR staff and administration play in provoking and perpetuating inter-racial conflict. Following that, the occurrence of inter-minority gang conflict between specific gangs on the streets of Los Angeles is subjected to an intense micro-analysis of specific conflicts between specific gangs in specific contexts. The proximate causes of specific conflicts are uncovered, and their trajectories are examined and analyzed. Respondents reveal the rules that govern interaction between black and Latino gang members in Los Angeles and California's carceral facilities, as well as the rules of engagement as to how targets are chosen during the course of racialized gang conflicts, and how gangs interpret and respond to the intentional or accidental victimization of innocent residents during the course of these conflicts.

The role local media, politicians and law enforcement officers and administrators play in provoking and perpetuating inter-racial conflicts on the streets of the Los Angeles County is examined. Finally the project concludes with a critical analysis of the role that conflict among and between marginalized criminalized populations both exacerbates and perpetuates their marginalization and criminalization.

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Mingo, Christopher Dominic. "Perceptions of gang violence in an Elsies River primary school in the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 1999. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Ford, Champagne Monique. "Examining the effects of abuse on girls in gangs." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3397.

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The purpose of this study is to encourage further study and attention to girls that are at high risk of becoming members of a gang. The more that can be learned about this group the more can be done to implement appropriate policies and programs to effectively target and assist this population. This study is based on an existing data set that profiled the needs and characteristics of girls that were incarcerated May 1996 at a California Youth Authority facility in Ventura, now called The Division of Juvenile Justice.
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Tolleson, Jennifer Anne. "The transformative power of violence the psychological role of gang life in relation to chronic traumatic childhood stress in the lives of urban adolescent males /." Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 1996. http://www.icsw.edu/_dissertations/tolleson_1996.pdf.

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De, LA Cruz Jesse S. "Mexican American / Chicano gang members' voice on social control in the context of school and community| A critical ethnographic study in Stockton, California." Thesis, California State University, Stanislaus, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3633628.

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The purpose of the study was to examine what role social control, in the context of family, school, and community, played in the participants' decision to join gangs in their adolescent years. The study examined the lives of four male ex-gang members over the age of 18, with extensive criminal records and poor academic histories. Participants were chosen from a Stockton reentry facility where ex-offenders were in the process of improving their lives by breaking the chains of street gang involvement, criminality, and incarceration.

The findings revealed that social control administered by family, school, law enforcement, and community all played a significant role in shaping each participant's decision to join his prospective gang in adolescence. The researcher found that while the family life of the participants was the prime mover in terms of a nudge toward gang life, school was also a place where they were constantly devalued, in large part because educators did not understand them, and the teachers arrived to their classrooms ill equipped for the realities of teaching in schools located in violence-ridden neighborhoods where the youth suffered morbid and multiple exposure to trauma. In fact, the teachers and law enforcement's inept ways of addressing the participant's maladaptive behaviors—with a propensity for handling all issues with punitive measures—ended up creating incentives for the participants to join a gang.

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Paterson, Moya Colleen. "The linguistic markers of the language variety spoken by gang members on the Cape Flats, according to the film Dollars and White Pipes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20450.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The non-standard “way of speaking” associated with gang members on the Cape Flats is the focus of the present study. This thesis is not about gangsters and gang culture, neither is it an attempt to analyze their use of language. Rather, it is an investigation of the linguistic markers of the language variety spoken by gang members on the Cape Flats, according to the film Dollars and White Pipes. This film portrays the true story of Bernie Baatjies and is set in Hanover Park, an area on the Cape Flats characterized by a high level of unemployment and low levels of education. During the Apartheid years, people of colour all over Cape Town were displaced: they were forced to move to barren land and start rebuilding their lives all over again. The youth perceived their parents as cowards for not fighting back against the system. Their anger with their parents led to the formation of gangs on the Cape Flats. These gangs resort to violence, using it as a means of dominating others and showing power through claiming territory. Gang members establish in-group distinctiveness through speech divergence. In this thesis, the notion of establishing membership of a specific linguistic community, in this case gang membership, by means of vocabulary use is examined with reference to concepts such as slang, anti-language and social judgments based on linguistic aspects. It is shown that the linguistic repertoire of the Cape Flats gangsters as a speech community can broadly be categorised as non-standard Afrikaans, non-standard English and English-Afrikaans code switching. In order to examine the linguistic markers of the language variety spoken by gang members on the Cape Flats, utterances in the film that were judged non-standard were transcribed orthographically. The standard version of each utterance was also identified. Non-standard words and phrases were then grouped according to language and parts of speech. These non-standard words and phrases were in turn presented to real–life gangsters from the Cape Flats in order to obtain judgements on their authenticity. Research approaches and methods drawn on in the thesis are Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Discourse Analysis (DA), both of which are briefly discussed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die nie-standaard “manier van praat” wat geassosieer word met bendes op die Kaapse Vlakte is die fokus van hierdie studie. Hierdie tesis handel nie oor bendes en die bendekultuur nie en is ook nie ʼn poging om hul gebruik van taal te analiseer nie. Dit is eerder ‘n beskrywing van die linguistiese merkers van die taalvariëteit wat deur bendes op die Kaapse Vlakte gepraat word, volgens die rolprent Dollars and White Pipes. Hierdie rolprent is die ware verhaal van Bernie Baatjies en speel af in Hanover Park, ‘n area van die Kaapse Vlakte gekenmerk deur ‘n hoë vlak van werkloosheid en lae vlakke van opvoeding. As gevolg van Apartheid is mense van kleur regoor Kaapstad verplaas: hulle is forseer om na dor land te verskuif en om hul lewens van oor af op te bou. Die jeug het hul ouers gesien as lafaards omdat hulle nie terug baklei het teen die stelsel nie. Hulle woede teenoor hulle ouers het gelei tot die vorming van bendes op die Kaapse Vlakte. Hierdie bendes het hulle gewend na geweld. Geweld is gebruik in ʼn poging om andere te domineer en om mag ten toon te stel in die aanspraak op gebied. Bendelede bewerkstellig spraak uiteenlopenheid as ʼn metode om in-groep onderskeibaarheid daar te stel. In hierdie tesis word die idee van bewerkstelliging van lidmaatskap van ʼn spesifieke linguistieke gemeenskap, in hierdie geval bendelidmaatskap, by wyse van die woordeskat wat hulle verkies om te gebruik, bekyk met verwysing na konsepte soos groeptaal, anti-taal en sosiale oordeel gebaseer op linguistieke aspekte. Daar word gewys dat die linguistiese repetoire van die bendes van die Kaapse Vlakte as spraakgemeenskap, gekategoriseer kan word as nie-standaard Afrikaans, nie-standaard Engels en Afrikaans-Engels kodewisseling. Om die linguistiese merkers van die taalvariëteit wat deur bendes op die Kaapse Vlakte gepraat word te bekyk, is uitings in die rolprent wat nie-standaard ge-ag is, ortografies getranskribeer. Die standaard weergawe van die uitings is ook geïdentifiseer. Nie-standaard woorde en frases is gegroepeer volgens taal en woordsoorte. Hierdie nie-standaard woorde en frases is aan werklike bendelede van die Kaapse Vlakte voorgelê om betroubaarheidsoordele te verkry. Die navorsingsbenaderinge en metodes waarop gefokus is, is Kritiese Diskoers Analise (KDA) sowel as Diskoers Analise (DA), wat beide kortliks bespreek word.
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Jonas, Branton. "An evaluation of intervention strategies into gangsterism in the Helenvale area." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10890.

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The impact of intervention strategies to reduce gang related violence by Non- Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the community at large has so far not attracted much attention or support from provincial and national authorities. Helenvale and its surrounding areas plays an integral part of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality as the economic-hub of the Eastern Cape Province. But its gang problem has evolved over decades of socio-economic difficulties and struggle for a better life in the predominantly Coloured community. In order for this problem to be overcome a more strategically focused intervention strategy is required by local, provincial, and national authorities. This research study evaluates the gang intervention strategies in the Helenvale area and seeks to provide a primary research base from which key policies and strategies could be developed to address this challenge in an effort to bring about peace and stability in this community and other affected areas within close proximity of the area of study. At the heart of providing possible solutions to practices of gangsterism amongst mostly the youth, should be a well-coordinated intergovernmental high impact intervention strategy in partnership with NGO’s, civil society and other sectors of the community. Further solutions are the investment by authorities in rehabilitation centres, with skills development and job-creation opportunities as a key exit strategy for those involved in gangs. Acknowledgement that the enhancement and development of mediation skills of community based structures through the sharing of critical conflict theory and mediation practices, could make a substantial contribution to greater peace and stability in our communities.
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Shalaby, Aida, and Irini Papathanassiadou. "Processen att lämna ett gäng och en del av sin identitet : En kvalitativ studie om före detta gängmedlemmars exitprocess och kontakten med myndigheterna." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75318.

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The aim of this study was to understand how gang members desist from their gangs and which role authorities have in the process. More specifically the aim was to discover turning points and find out how the former gang members themselves look upon the contact with authorities, for example social services. This study was based on five interviews and two autobiographies with former gang members. The interviews took place in a organisation for former offenders in Sweden and the choice of autobiographies was based on the purpose of this study. As the results showed, the most common turning points was social bonds, fear of prison, disappointment and traumatic events or experiences. Authorities did not have any impact on the decision of leaving the gang. Former gang members also indicated that they had negative experiences with the authorities. Based on the results of this study suggestions for improvement have emerged. Authorities need to have experienced employees, knowledge about gang members, have a flexible work method and a positive approach.
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Lingaas, Ingebjørg. "Breaking Bars: An investigation into how performance art as an intervention program inside prison may lead to a behavior change among male gang members in Cape Town, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29330.

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Violence has been declared a public health problem by the World Health Organisation (1996). Violence prevention strategies are actively used in efforts to rehabilitate offenders during their incarceration, and are intended to prepare them for reintegration into society and to prevent recidivism. Given the lack of research undertaken on violence prevention strategies in the gang-ridden context of Cape Town, South Africa, this dissertation looks at a prison intervention programme, Help I am Free, that uses performance arts as a case study to investigate the potential impacts of such intervention strategies. The paper does so by outlining the experiences of five male gang members before, during, and after their time in prison. Using a cross-sectional qualitative research design, the dissertation explores participants’ life histories and seeks to shed light on the ways in (and degrees to) which such programmes may influence the men’s attitudes towards themselves and others, and the likelihood of their successful reintegration into society. The theoretical frameworks used draw on applied theatre theories, social-cognitive theories, and theories of masculinities. The paper argues that programmes such as Help I am Free may impact participants’ perceptions of self and others strongly, and may also lead to an increased sense of self-worth and motivation to change lifestyle. However, it also indicates the limitations of the programme to achieve sustained success, given the structural barriers which afflict South Africa. The paper outlines a number of challenges that the men face while on parole, and concludes that while prison intervention programmes, and art programmes specifically, may trigger a sense of healing and encourage more positive notions of self, there are more comprehensive strategies in post-release urgently needed in order to prevent recidivism and to achieve authentic social re-integration.
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43

Balasuriya, Lakshika. "Finding Street Gang Member Profiles on Twitter." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1516054679956178.

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44

Williams, Patricia Joanne. "Factors affecting Hispanic adolescent substance abuse." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1137.

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45

Lien, Donna. "Perspectives on aging from a former male Latino gang member." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1522639.

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This qualitative study aimed to examine the perspectives of aging held by a former male Latino gang member. A case study approach was employed. Existing research on gangs has focused on violence, the nature of gangs, and membership encompassing gangs, which provides context for gaining a better understanding of gangs on many different levels. Although, one area of gang research where little attention has been paid is the aging perspective of gang members.

The aging process was idiosyncratic for a former gang member, but threads of commonality can still be drawn to general aging concepts. Themes of skipped life stages and early maturation became poignant to his aging process, which has definitively changed as he has chronologically aged. As he has "maturated out" of a gang, major themes in his gang years have changed; family no longer means other gang members, but now means wife, children, and mother.

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46

Turnbull, Marie Elizabeth. "School Safety: Comparing Students' Perceptions with Faculty Members' Perceptions." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1438340194.

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47

Dion, Marie-Ève. "Analyse du phénomène des gangs de rue sur le territoire de la ville de Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26204.

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Pendant que le phénomène des gangs de rue préoccupe les autorités publiques et que des moyens pour réprimer ces groupes sont entrepris, aucune étude scientifique ne vient documenter l’état de situation à Québec. Dans ce contexte, cette recherche qualitative de type exploratoire descriptif poursuit l’objectif de combler cette lacune en traçant un portrait du phénomène des gangs de rue dans la Ville de Québec en vue d’adapter nos interventions selon la nature et l’ampleur de la situation. À cette fin, l’étude se divise en deux principaux volets. Le premier porte sur la description des regroupements de jeunes identifiées comme étant des gangs de rue. Le second s’intéresse aux stratégies d’action actuellement déployées pour prévenir et contrer le phénomène à Québec et celles qui devraient l’être. Les entretiens de recherche ont été menés auprès de 12 informateurs, soit quatre policiers, trois travailleurs de rue et cinq jeunes adultes ayant fait l’expérience des gangs. Nos résultats indiquent que les caractéristiques des groupes présumés gangs de rue de Québec correspondent peu aux critères qui définissent usuellement les gangs de rue tirés de la documentation scientifique. De plus, l’analyse des données a permis de dégager certains constats, dont une absence de consensus parmi les participants sur la définition d’un gang de rue, et conséquemment, sur l’existence même de ce type de groupes sur le territoire de Québec. De ce fait, la lutte antigang est sujette à controverse sans compter ses impacts sur les jeunes associés aux présumés gangs. Enfin, des pistes de solution sont proposées à l’issue de notre analyse de la situation s’appuyant sur les pratiques probantes documentées dans les écrits scientifiques. Mots clés : gangs de rue, gangs, gangs de jeunes, intervention, stratégies.
While street gangs concern public authorities and that suppression strategies are undertaken, no scientific study documents Quebec City situation. In this context, this qualitative descriptive-exploratory research has the objective to fill this gap by drawing a portrait of street gangs in Quebec City. This will help to adapt interventions according to the nature and extent of the situation. To this end, the study is divided into two main parts. The first is a description of the groups identified as street gangs. The second concerns the strategies currently deployed and the proposals from participants to prevent and counter the gang phenomenon and delinquency in Quebec City. The research interviews were conducted with 12 informants : four policemen, three street workers and five young men involved in these groups. Our findings indicate that the characteristics of gangs suspected not much correspond to criterias that usually define gangs in the research. In addition, our data analysis reveal a lack of consensus among participants about the definition of a street gang, and consequently, about the existence of the gang phenemenon in Quebec City. Therefore, the antigang strategies are controversial and labeling impacts of youth too. Finally, possible solutions based on proven practices are proposed in light of the situation analysis. Key words : street gangs, gangs, youth gangs, intervention, strategies.
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48

Eggleston, Erin Jon. "An ethnology of youth texts on gangs, trouble and rehabilitation : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology at Massey University /." 1997. http://www.psychologist.net.nz/phd%20contents.htm.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massey University, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references. Also available in an electronic version via the Internet. Address as of 13/02/2003: http://www.psychologist.net.nz/phd%20contents.htm.
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49

Shen, Pin-Hsuan, and 沈品璇. "A Study on Gang Members Interrupt Criminal Career." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62736764795152630865.

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碩士
國立中正大學
犯罪防治所
98
The purpose of this article is to explore the careers of gang members. Moreover, by using the qualitative case study, the researcher also attempts to illuminate the links between gang involvement, criminal career and the impact of life events, which interrupt the criminal career. During the research, the in-depth interviews were conducted on 8 male gang members involving in gangs for more than thirty years. The results indicate that the gang involvement is the trigger of the criminal careers for the gang participants. However, the occurrences of life events provide opportunities for gang members to cease their criminal careers. For examples, marriage, employment, sentence and frustration result in the interruption of criminal careers if the gang members were mentally mature and willing to take the responsibility attached to the life status. When the gang participants developed the stable social bonds, earned the social achievement and reached the self-actualization, they rationally made the decisions to maintain the suspension of criminal careers. On the other hand, the gang members would restart their criminal careers again if they didn’t end the gang membership and reinvolved in gangs.
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50

Moravcová, Eva. "Identifikace respondenta jako člena gangu v ISRD-2: Česká repulika v evropském kontextu." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-309673.

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This thesis focuses on problems with identification of respondent as a gang member from the standpoint of process of operationalisation, which give a selection of adequate indicators, in international survey International Self-Report Delinquency Study 2. Its objective is to propose a revision of existing definition of Eurogang for selected European countries and evaluate the possibility of creating one universal definition of a gang across Europe. The thesis is separated into three parts: theoretical, methodological and empirical. In the first part we particularly pay attention to the basic conceptions of juvenile delinquency. Subsequently, we discuss different types of definitions and the way of their formation. Finally, we mention important definitions of a gang that are often used in many surveys which focus on gangs or delinquent groups in general. In methodological part of the thesis we present the most important indicators of juvenile delinquency: official statistics and self-report studies. One of them is also the international survey ISRD-2. We concentrate not only on techniques of data collection and definition of the gang and its operationalisation according to Eurogang group, which were used in this survey, but also on basic information about sample for all analyzed countries and limit...
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