Journal articles: 'Gamma-sterilization'

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Wahjuningrum, Dian Agustin, Setyabudi Setyabudi, Darmawan Darwis, and Andi Syahrimayani. "Determination of gamma radiation sterilization dose on bioceramic BCP-Sr-Ag as bone graft according to ISO 11137 standards." Conservative Dentistry Journal 13, no. 1 (August 3, 2023): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v13i1.2023.19-23.

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Background: BCP-Sr-Ag as a bone graft needs to be sterilized. One way of sterilization is to use gamma radiation. Sterilization by gamma radiation requires the correct sterilization dose. Based on ISO 11137 the determination of the sterilization dose through 3 steps: determination bioburden, determination of verification dose, and determination of sterilization dose. Purpose:Determination of gamma radiation sterilization dose on BCP-Sr-Ag bioceramic as bone graft based on ISO 11137 through determination bioburden, determination verification dose, and determination of sterilization dose. Method: A total 30 samples of 3 different batch BCP-Sr-Ag were determined for bioburden using TSA media. A total 100 samples of BCP-Sr-Ag were irradiated with a verification dose using cobalt-60 gamma source. The 100 samples then tested for sterilization using TSA media to determine the sterilization dose. Results: The average bioburden values of batches 1,2, and 3 were 56,8;61,8; and 60,5 CFU. The average value of the whole batch is 59,7 CFU. Based on ISO 11137, the verification dose is 7,4 kGy and the sterilization dose is 20,5 kGy. Conclusion: The average bioburden value of the entire batch was 59,7 CFU. The bioburden value used for verification dose determination is 64,22 CFU so the the gamma radiation sterilization dose is 20,5 kGy.

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Beerlage, Christiane, Bjoern Wiese, Annemie Rehor Kausch, and Milorad Arsenijevic. "Change in Radiation Sterilization Process from Gamma Ray to X-ray." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 55, s3 (March 1, 2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-55.s3.78.

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Abstract The terminal sterilization of sterile orthopedic implants is a key process that, in addition to providing sterility, changes the material properties of the product and packaging. These changes might be observed during functionality testing and/or biological evaluation. We are establishing an additional sterilization process that appears promising from both a technical and business perspective. Our project aims to add X-ray sterilization to the established gamma sterilization for metallic hip and shoulder implants. To limit complexity, we started with a narrow product range. The main steps of our project journey are described here. Given that X-ray sterilization remains relatively new in terms of understanding the changes that might occur for product materials and functionality compared with changes observed following gamma radiation processing, this article highlights key steps in the change from gamma ray to X-ray sterilization.

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Rojas-Rojas, Laura, Andrea Ulloa-Fernández, Silvia Castro-Piedra, Walter Vargas-Segura, and Teodolito Guillén-Girón. "Evaluation of Biomechanical and Chemical Properties of Gamma-Irradiated Polycaprolactone Microfilaments for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Applications." International Journal of Biomaterials 2022 (April 29, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5266349.

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An appropriate and reliable sterilization technique is crucial for tissue engineering scaffolds. Skeletal muscle scaffolds are often fabricated using microfilaments of a wide variety of polymers. One method for sterilization is 25 kGy of gamma irradiation. In addition, sterilization through irradiation should administer a dose within a specific range. Radiation directly affects the chemical and mechanical properties of scaffolds. The accuracy and effects of irradiation are often not considered during sterilization procedures; however, these are important since they provide insight on whether the sterilization procedure is reliable and reproducible. This study focused on the chemical and mechanical characterization of 25 kGy gamma-irradiated scaffold. The accuracy and uncertainty of the irradiation procedure were also obtained. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed to determine whether the crystallinity of the polymer changed after irradiation and whether gamma rays influenced its thermal properties. The tensile parameters of the microfilaments were analyzed by comparing irradiated and nonirradiated scaffolds to determine whether gamma radiation changed their elastic behavior. Dose distribution and uncertainty were recorded with several dosimeters. The results showed that the irradiation process slightly affected the mechanical parameters of the scaffold; however, it did not modify its crystallinity or thermal properties. The irradiation was uniform, since the measured uncertainty was low. The scaffold was pathogen-free after 7 days; this meant sterilization was achieved. These results indicated that gamma-sterilized scaffolds were a promising material for use as a skeletal muscle analog material for tissue-engineering applications because they can be sterilized with gamma rays without changing their chemical structure and mechanical properties. This study provided the dose distribution measurement and uncertainty calculations for the sterilization procedure.

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White, J. M., H. E. Goodis, S. J. Marshall, and G. W. Marshall. "Sterilization of Teeth by Gamma Radiation." Journal of Dental Research 73, no. 9 (September 1994): 1560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345940730091201.

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Wolkers, W. F., N. Shah, M. Morrisey, B. Glasmacher, W. Q. Sun, and J. C. Bischof. "Biological Scaffold Modifications by Gamma Sterilization." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 80, no. 9 (September 2008): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200750734.

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M’Bengue, Marie-Stella, Thomas Mesnard, Feng Chai, Mickaël Maton, Valérie Gaucher, Nicolas Tabary, Maria-José García-Fernandez, Jonathan Sobocinski, Bernard Martel, and Nicolas Blanchemain. "Evaluation of a Medical Grade Thermoplastic Polyurethane for the Manufacture of an Implantable Medical Device: The Impact of FDM 3D-Printing and Gamma Sterilization." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020456.

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Three-dimensional printing (3DP) of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is gaining interest in the medical industry thanks to the combination of tunable properties that TPU exhibits and the possibilities that 3DP processes offer concerning precision, time, and cost of fabrication. We investigated the implementation of a medical grade TPU by fused deposition modelling (FDM) for the manufacturing of an implantable medical device from the raw pellets to the gamma (γ) sterilized 3DP constructs. To the authors’ knowledge, there is no such guide/study implicating TPU, FDM 3D-printing and gamma sterilization. Thermal properties analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and molecular weights measured by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) were used as monitoring indicators through the fabrication process. After gamma sterilization, surface chemistry was assessed by water contact angle (WCA) measurement and infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Mechanical properties were investigated by tensile testing. Biocompatibility was assessed by means of cytotoxicity (ISO 10993-5) and hemocompatibility assays (ISO 10993-4). Results showed that TPU underwent degradation through the fabrication process as both the number-averaged (Mn) and weight-averaged (Mw) molecular weights decreased (7% Mn loss, 30% Mw loss, p < 0.05). After gamma sterilization, Mw increased by 8% (p < 0.05) indicating that crosslinking may have occurred. However, tensile properties were not impacted by irradiation. Cytotoxicity (ISO 10993-5) and hemocompatibility (ISO 10993-4) assessments after sterilization showed vitality of cells (132% ± 3%, p < 0.05) and no red blood cell lysis. We concluded that gamma sterilization does not highly impact TPU regarding our application. Our study demonstrates the processability of TPU by FDM followed by gamma sterilization and can be used as a guide for the preliminary evaluation of a polymeric raw material in the manufacturing of a blood contacting implantable medical device.

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Gore, Damian B., and Ian Snape. "50 kGy of gamma irradiation does not affect the leachability of mineral soils and sediments." Powder Diffraction 29, S1 (October 30, 2014): S40—S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715614000918.

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Sterilization of soils and sediments can release them from quarantine restrictions. Gamma irradiation is effective at sterilization but can damage materials and in so doing affect their suitability for environmental research. Duplicate samples of a wide range of mineral soils and sediments were subject to an acetic acid extraction before and after 50 kGy gamma irradiation. This amount of gamma irradiation did not affect the leachability of a range of analytes from the soils and sediments.

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Girard-Perier, Nina, Sylvain R. A. Marque, Nathalie Dupuy, Blanche Krieguer, and Samuel Dorey. "Gamma, E-Beam and X-ray Irradiations on PE/EVOH/PE Multilayer Film: An Industrial Point of View Regarding the Impact on Mechanical Properties." Polymers 15, no. 13 (June 24, 2023): 2799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15132799.

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X-ray and electron-beam (E-beam) sterilization technologies were assessed to supplement gamma sterilization, the most common radiation technology used today for biopharmaceutical product sterilization. The mechanical properties of a PE/EVOH/PE film were studied using tensile tests and dynamical mechanical analysis after each irradiation technology (i.e., gamma, electron beam and X-ray irradiations). The effects of each irradiation were compared using two statistical methods. The results indicate that the three irradiation technologies induce no difference in mechanical properties in the investigated dose range for this material.

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Carvalho, Fabíola Galbiatti de, Suzana Beatriz Portugal de Fucio, Fernanda Miori Pascon, Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz, Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho, and Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani. "Effect of gamma irradiation on fluoride release and antibacterial activity of resin dental materials." Brazilian Dental Journal 20, no. 2 (2009): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000200006.

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This study evaluated the effect of gamma irradiation on fluoride release and antibacterial activity of FluroShield (FS) and Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB). Four groups were formed: G1-FS + gamma; G2-FS without gamma; G3-CPB + gamma; G4-CPB without gamma. For fluoride release analysis, 12 disks of each material were prepared and covered with nail polish, except for one side (50.4 mm² area). G1 and G3 were sterilized with a 14.5 KGy dose at 27ºC for 24 h, while G2 and G4 (controls) were not sterilized and were maintained under the same time and temperature conditions. Fluoride release measurements were made in duplicate (n=6) by an ion specific electrode. The antibacterial activity of the CPB and FS against Streptococcus mutans after gamma sterilization was evaluated by the agar-disc diffusion method. The diameter of the zones of microbial growth inhibition was recorded after 48 h. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=5%). Gamma sterilization decreased the fluoride release of FS by approximately 50%, while CPB was not affected. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in the antibacterial effect of CPB between gamma and non-gamma sterilization groups. FS presented no antibacterial activity. Gamma irradiation decreased the fluoride release of FS, but did not affect the antibacterial activity of the studied materials.

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Bachtiar, T., I. Anas, A. Sutandi, and Ishak. "The effect of Co-60 gamma rays irradiation on chemical properties of biofertilizer carrier material." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 951, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012046.

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Abstract This study was conducted to test the method of sterilization using autoclave and Co-60 gamma rays irradiation on chemical properties changes of biofertilizer carriers (Jasinga Latosols, Pasar Jumat Latosols, compost, Rawa Pening peat, Kalimantan peat). This research was conducted in July 2016 to April 2017 at Center for the Application of Isotopes and Radiation National Nuclear Energy Agency (PAIR BATAN) laboratory and Ilmu Tanah Sumber Daya Lahan Insitut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) laboratory. The design used in this study is completely randomized design, with seven treatment and five replications. The treatments provided include the control (without sterilization), sterilization using autoclave, and sterilization using gamma ray of Co-60 with doses of 10 kilo Gray (kGy), 20 kGy, 30 kGy, 40 kGy and 50 kGy. The parameters observed in this research was available Mn2+, available Fe2+, available Zn2+, and effectiveness of sterilization method. This research also showed chemical character changes in materials as shown by Fouier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) spectra. The results showed that the methods sterilization was gave significant effect on pH changes, the levels of available P, the levels of available nitrates, available Mn2+, available Fe2+, and available Zn2+. Autoclave has led to a higher metal increase compared to Co-60 gamma irradiation. A dose of 30 kGy is an effective dose to sterilize the carriers material.

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Poltavets, Yu I., S. V. Aleshin, V. V. Zavarzina, A. I. Murav’eva, A. A. Soboleva, I. A. Tubasheva, and S. L. Kuznetsov. "Formation of Docetaxel-related Substances in the Polymer Particles During Storage and Gamma-treatment." Drug development & registration 9, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2020-9-1-66-74.

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Introduction. Docetaxel is widely used for cancer treatment. Actual issue for newly developed polymer-based Docetaxel formulations is applicability of current quality requirements. The technology of polymeric forms, including gamma-sterilization, are differ from actual Docetaxel injections technology. In this study were used PLGA-based particles with Docetaxel. The main attention was directed to studying qualitative and quantitative content of related impurities in polymeric forms during long-term storage and gamma-sterilization in comparison with pharmacopoeial requirements for Docetaxel injections.Aim. Studying of possible patterns of Docetaxel-related impurities formation between intact and gamma-irradiated batches.Materials and methods. Objects of study – lyophilizates of Docetaxel polymeric forms was previously obtained by the authors. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed by high pressure liquid chromatography.Results and discussion. Docetaxel-related impurities was determined and evaluated in the intact and gamma-treated batches. It was cleared, that related substances in the gamma-treated batches was different in comparison with non-treated but after vary storage periods.Conclusion. Docetaxel-loaded polymeric drugs shown proper stability during long term storage. The influence of gamma-treatment to Docetaxelrelated impurities content was found. Gamma sterilization can be promising method for novel drugs, but it needs individual study in the each case.

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Kang, Nak Heon, Jin Young Kim, Jae Hyoung Ahn, Seok Beom Song, Seog Jin Seo, Ji Hwa Chae, Tae Woon Kim, et al. "Properties of Sterilized Human Skin Allografts by Gamma-Irradiation." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.365.

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The most commonly used sterilization method of human skin allografts is ethylene oxide (EO). EO gas, however, can change the biomechanical properties of the grafts and produce toxic residues which are harmful to the recipient. The heating method cannot be applied for sterilization of soft tissues because of damage due to heat. The purpose of this study was to determine whether it is possible to apply gamma-irradiation for sterilization of soft tissues as well as for hard tissues.

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Dewi, Tarra Martiana, Anne Nurbaity, Pujawati Suryatmana, and Emma Trinurani Sofyan. "Efek Sterilisasi dan Komposisi Media Produksi Inokulan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula terhadap Kolonisasi Akar, Panjang Akar dan Bobot Kering Akar Sorgum." Jurnal Agro 4, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/1205.

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Quality of biofertilizer such as arbuscular myorrhizal fungi could be improved through the selection of appropriate sterilization and composition of the medium. The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of sterilization and carrier composition on root colonisation, root length and weight of sorghum root. A green house experiment was conducted in randomized block design. The factors were: 1. methods of sterilization (ie. control; autoclave; NaOCl 10%; Co-60 gamma irradiation), and 2. composition of the carrier of mycorrhiza (100% zeolite; 75% zeolite + 25% rice charcoal; 50% zeolite + 50% rice charcoal). Results showed that there was no interaction effect of sterilization and composition of carrier on root colonisation, root length and weight of sorghum root. However, different technique of sterilisation gave differences on root colonisation, root length and weight of sorghum root. Sterilization using NaOCl 10% was not recommended. Gamma Co-60 irradiation sterilization did not have difference with control and autoclave, however there was tendency that irradiation technique gave better results to all parameters measured.

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McEvoy, Brian, Hervé Michel, Daniel Howell, and Philip Roxby. "X-ray: An Effective Photon." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 54, s1 (June 1, 2020): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-54.s3.23.

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Abstract Following years of discussion and debate regarding the economics of X-ray radiation for sterilization of healthcare products, the benefits of the technology are now being realized. X-ray, like gamma radiation, is a process whereby energic photons penetrate to sterilize medical devices. Compared to gamma, photons in the bremsstrahlung spectrum from X-ray radiation allow for improved dose uniformity ratio, higher dose rates, and shorter process time, which provide additional opportunities for sterilization process enhancement. Such improvements may be realized in a number of ways: 1) economic, where more products may be processed on a carrier; 2) improved dose range fit; and/or 3) wider material compatibility. Despite noted benefits, X-ray sterilization has not yet been widely accepted and currently accounts for less than 5% of the contract sterilization market. This article brings X-ray sterilization into focus by sharing knowledge and experience gained over the past 10 years at the STERIS Däniken site, with an aim to identify opportunities for future medical device sterilization.

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Nair, P. D., K. Sreenivasan, and M. Jayabalan. "Multiple gamma radiation sterilization of polyester fibres." Biomaterials 9, no. 4 (July 1988): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(88)90029-4.

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Asensio Ruiz, María Alejandra, Marta G. Fuster, Teresa Martínez Martínez, Mercedes G. Montalbán, José Luis Cenis, Gloria Víllora, and Antonio Abel Lozano-Pérez. "The Effect of Sterilization on the Characteristics of Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles." Polymers 14, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030498.

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In recent years, silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs) have been consolidated as drug delivery systems (DDSs) with multiple applications in personalized medicine. The design of a simple, inexpensive, and scalable preparation method is an objective pursued by many research groups. When the objective is to produce nanoparticles suitable for biomedical uses, their sterility is essential. To achieve sufficient control of all the crucial stages in the process and knowledge of their implications for the final characteristics of the nanoparticles, the present work focused on the final stage of sterilization. In this work, the sterilization of SFNs was studied by comparing the effect of different available treatments on the characteristics of the nanoparticles. Two different sterilization methods, gamma irradiation and autoclaving, were tested, and optimal conditions were identified to achieve the sterilization of SFNs by gamma irradiation. The minimum irradiation dose to achieve sterilization of the nanoparticle suspension without changes in the nanoparticle size, polydispersity, or Z-potential was determined to be 5 kiloGrays (kGy). These simple and safe methods were successfully implemented for the sterilization of SFNs in aqueous suspension and facilitate the application of these nanoparticles in medicine.

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Putri, Sindy Marieta, Iswandi Anas, Fahrizal Hazra, and Ania Citraresmini. "VIABILITAS INOKULAN DALAM BAHAN PEMBAWA GAMBUT, KOMPOS, ARANG BATOK DAN ZEOLIT YANG DISTERIL DENGAN IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA Co-60 DAN MESIN BERKAS ELEKTRON." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.12.1.23-30.

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Carrier is one of the important factor to determine the quality of biofertilizer. The inoculant carriers should contain no or less microbial contaminant. The purpose of this research was to investigate viability of Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi inoculants in carrier material that were sterilized by Gamma Irradiation Co-60 and Electron Beam Machine (EBM). Each inoculants was injected to the sterilized peat, compost, coconut shell charcoal and zeolite. Viability of inoculants in steriled carrier was evaluated at 0, 7, 14, 42 and 70 days after preparation. The stirage was done in incubator at 25ºC. The result of viability of Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi inoculants on sterilized carrier material by Gamma Irradiation Co-60, EBM and autoclave tended to decline during storage 70 days at room temperature (250C). Viability of Azospirillum inoculants in zeolite sterilized by Gamma Irradiation Co-60 and autoclave gave the highest numbres of viable cells. Storage of these inoculants at 25ºC for 70 days only reduce the number of viable cells by 11.1%. Viability of Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi inoculants in coconut shell charcoal or compost sterilized by Gamma Irradiation Co-60 went down by 99.8% after 70 days. The sterilization of carriers by using autoclave or Gamma Irradiation Co-60 were better than EBM sterilization. . Keywords: Carrier, Electron Beam Machine, Gamma Irradiation Co-60, sterilization, viability

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Tulga DDS, PhD, Ayça, Fatma Ayşe Şanal DDS, PhD, and Doğu Ömür Dede DDS, PhD. "Does Sterilization Affect the Push Out Bond Strength of Experimental Dentin Posts?" Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences 21, no. 2 (March 12, 2019): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ijds.v21i2.36506.

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The purpose of this preliminary study is to evaluate the push-out bond strength (PBS) of experimental dentin posts (EDPs) obtained from human and bovine teeth sterilized by autoclaving and gamma radiation. Eighty-four mandibulary premolars were obturated and divided into three post groups: the glass fiber group (Fb) human EDP group (Hm) and the bovine EDP group (Bv). Three subgroups (n=12) were obtained for each EDP groups according to the sterilization methods; no sterilization (Cnt), steam autoclaving (Aut), and gamma radiation (Rad) a total dose of 25 kGy. All posts were cemented to root canals using a dual cured resin cement (Panavia SA). After the micro slices (1mm in thickness) were obtained of each subgroup, PBS test was performed. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests (α=.05). The post type and sterilization method was significantly effective on the PBS values according to the ANOVA (P<.001). No sterilization apllied EDP groups showed significantly higher PBS values than the sterilized groups (P<.001). Bv_Cnt (9.42 ±1.31) showed significantly lower PBS values than both Fb (12.36 ±1.54) and Hm_Cnt (11.06 ±1.38) groups (P<.001). Both steam autoclaving and gamma radiation affect the PBS values and fracture modes of EDPs negatively. The bovine EDPs are not as effective as human EDPs with regard to the PBS to the root dentin.

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Carvalho, Cláudio Antonio Talge, Ana Claudia Carvalho Xavier, Márcia Carneiro Valera, Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge, Marcia Maciel Menezes Ferraz, and Luciane Dias de Oliveira. "Morphological and chemical changes of dentin after applying different sterilization methods." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 44, no. 3 (June 2015): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.1076.

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Aim The present study evaluated the morphological and chemical changes of dentin produced by different sterilization methods, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis. Material and method Five human teeth were sectioned into 4 samples, each divided into 3 specimens. The specimens were separated into sterilization groups, as follows: wet heat under pressure; cobalt 60 gamma radiation; and control (without sterilization). After sterilization, the 60 specimens were analyzed by SEM under 3 magnifications: 1500X, 5000X, and 10000X. The images were analyzed by 3 calibrated examiners, who assigned scores according to the changes observed in the dentinal tubules: 0 = no morphological change; 1, 2 and 3 = slight, medium and complete obliteration of the dentinal tubules. The chemical composition of dentin was assessed by EDS, with 15 kV incidence and 1 μm penetration. Result The data obtained were submitted to the statistical tests of Kruskall-Wallis and ANOVA. It was observed that both sterilization methods – with autoclave and with cobalt 60 gamma radiation – produced no significant changes to the morphology of the dentinal tubules or to the chemical composition of dentin. Conclusion Both methods may thus be used to sterilize teeth for research conducted in vitro.

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Mont, Michael A. "Gamma Radiation Sterilization Leads to Tibial Insert Damage." JBJS Orthopaedic Highlights: Knee Surgery 2, no. 10 (October 3, 2012): e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.ks.l.00348.

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Sakar, F., A. Y. Özer, S. Erdogan, M. Ekizoglu, D. Kart, M. Özalp, S. Colak, and Y. Zencir. "Nano drug delivery systems and gamma radiation sterilization." Pharmaceutical Development and Technology 22, no. 6 (April 6, 2016): 775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10837450.2016.1163393.

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Medel, Francisco J., Steven M. Kurtz, William J. Hozack, Javad Parvizi, James J. Purtill, Peter F. Sharkey, Daniel MacDonald, Matthew J. Kraay, Victor Goldberg, and Clare M. Rimnac. "Gamma Inert Sterilization: A Solution to Polyethylene Oxidation?" Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 91, no. 4 (April 2009): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.h.00538.

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Norwich, Dennis W. "Fracture of Polymer-Coated Nitinol During Gamma Sterilization." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 21, no. 12 (June 8, 2012): 2618–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-012-0263-7.

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Sekulic, Danijela, Biljana Babic, Ljiljana Kljajevic, Jelena Stasic, and Branka Kaludjerovic. "The effect of gamma radiation on the properties of activated carbon cloth." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 74, no. 10 (2009): 1125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0910125s.

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Activated carbon cloth dressing is an appropriate wound healing material due to its biocompatibility and adsorption characteristics. The influence of gamma radiation as a sterilization process on the adsorption and mechanical properties of activated carbon cloth was investigated. The specific surface area, micropore volume, pore size distribution, surface chemistry as well as the breaking load of activated carbon cloth before and after gamma radiation were examined. Characterization by nitrogen adsorption showed that the activated carbon cloth was a microporous material with a high specific surface area and micropores smaller than 1 nm. Gamma radiation decreased the specific surface area and micropore volume but increased the pore width. The sterilization process changed the surface chemistry quantitatively, but not qualitatively. In addition, the breaking load decreased but without any influence considering the further application of this material.

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Hirata, Noriko, Ken-Ichi Matsumoto, Takashi Inishita, Yoshinori Takenaka, Yasunori Suma, and Hideharu Shintani. "Gamma-ray irradiation, autoclave and ethylene oxide sterilization to thermosetting polyurethane: Sterilization to polyurethane." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 46, no. 3 (September 1995): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-806x(94)00134-6.

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DeAngelis, Haedi E., Anne M. Grillet, Martin B. Nemer, Maryla A. Wasiolek, Don J. Hanson, Michael A. Omana, Andres L. Sanchez, David W. Vehar, and Paul M. Thelen. "Gamma radiation sterilization of N95 respirators leads to decreased respirator performance." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): e0248859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248859.

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In response to personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages in the United States due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019, two models of N95 respirators were evaluated for reuse after gamma radiation sterilization. Gamma sterilization is attractive for PPE reuse because it can sterilize large quantities of material through hermetically sealed packaging, providing safety and logistic benefits. The Gamma Irradiation Facility at Sandia National Laboratories was used to irradiate N95 filtering facepiece respirators to a sterilization dose of 25 kGy(tissue). Aerosol particle filtration performance testing and electrostatic field measurements were used to determine the efficacy of the respirators after irradiation. Both respirator models exhibited statistically significant decreases in particle filtering efficiencies and electrostatic potential after irradiation. The largest decrease in capture efficiency was 40–50% and peaked near the 200 nm particle size. The key contribution of this effort is correlating the electrostatic potential change of individual filtration layer of the respirator with the decrease filtration efficiency after irradiation. This observation occurred in both variations of N95 respirator that we tested. Electrostatic potential measurement of the filtration layer is a key indicator for predicting filtration efficiency loss.

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Cherniak, Olena, Nataliia Sorocolat, Iryna Kanytska, Ihor Bahaiev, and Lina Fatieieva. "Standardization of sterilization regimes for textile materials under pandemic conditions (COVID-19) by the method of ionizing radiation." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 4 (10) (December 30, 2021): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2021.04.14.

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Methods for sterilizing textile materials in a pandemic (COVID-19) and the disadvantages of these methods are presented. A number of modern scientific works related to the sterilization of textile materials in a pandemic are considered, aimed at developing a technology for sterilizing protective medical masks and medical suits by radiation methods using gamma radiation. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the use of gamma radiation is a very dangerous technological process since natural sources are used - gamma rays, radiation technologies with gamma radiation are difficult when disposing of spent energy sources and are not easy to maintain. For sterilization of textile materials, the method of ionizing radiation is proposed. The essence of the method is that the textile material is sterilized by accelerated electrons. The expediency of carrying out theoretical and experimental research has been determined. It was found that the main criterion for sterilization of textile materials is the absorbed dose. The absorbed dose is determined experimentally, but such a procedure is time-consuming and resource-intensive, and it is not always possible to carry it out. Therefore, to calculate the absorbed dose, it is proposed to apply the mathematical formula of the absorbed dose of medical textile materials, depending on the frequency of passage of pulses of the accelerated electron beam, conveyor speed and geometric parameters of textile materials, the mathematical formula will allow finding the optimal technological modes of the sterilization process. Using the mathematical model of the absorbed dose of radiation by the material with the proposed technology, taking into account the properties of materials, it is possible to calculate the modes of irradiation of various textile materials that differ in size, shape, and physical properties, which will make it possible to develop a system of normative modes for the technology of radiation-physical sterilization and to ensure the legislative and regulatory requirements of hygiene in conditions of a pandemic.

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Reeves, E. A., D. C. Barton, D. P. FitzPatrick, and J. Fisher. "Comparison of gas plasma and gamma irradiation in air sterilization on the delamination wear of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene used in knee replacements." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 214, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411001535741.

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Early failure of knee replacements is thought to be due to the combination of sterilization by gamma irradiation in air and the high cyclic stresses that they endure during use. Such failures are shown through delamination and permanent deformation of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) component. This study investigated whether gas plasma sterilization, as an alternative to gamma irradiation in air, would give better performance after ageing in a knee replacement using a metal pin on polymer plate wear test. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was performed on the components to assess oxidation levels and a finite element stress analysis model is presented to estimate strain at failure in the UHMWPE. Delamination occurred in the majority of the gamma-irradiated plates but did not occur in any of the gas-plasma-sterilized plates. The FTIR analysis showed that the plates gamma irradiated in air were highly oxidized when compared with the gas-plasma-sterilized plates. Plastic strain at failure was determined for the gamma-irradiated plates and found to be less than 2.4-14 per cent.

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Łopianiak, Iwona, and Beata A. Butruk-Raszeja. "Evaluation of Sterilization/Disinfection Methods of Fibrous Polyurethane Scaffolds Designed for Tissue Engineering Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 8092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218092.

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Sterilization of a material carries the risk of unwanted changes in physical and chemical structure. The choice of method is a challenge—the process must be efficient, without significantly changing the properties of the material. In the presented studies, we analyzed the effect of selected sterilization/disinfection techniques on the properties of nanofibrous polyurethane biomaterial. Both radiation techniques (UV, gamma, e-beam) and 20 minutes’ contact with 70% EtOH were shown not to achieve 100% sterilization efficiency. The agar diffusion test showed higher sterilization efficiency when using an antimicrobial solution (AMS). At the same time, none of the analyzed techniques significantly altered the morphology and distribution of fiber diameters. EtOH and e-beam sterilization resulted in a significant reduction in material porosity together with an increase in the Young’s modulus. Similarly, AMS sterilization increased the value of Young’s modulus. In most cases, the viability of cells cultured in contact with the sterilized materials was not affected by the sterilization process. Only for UV sterilization, cell viability was significantly lower and reached about 70% of control after 72 h of culture.

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Pekkarinen, T., O. Hietala, T. Jämsä, and P. Jalovaara. "Gamma Irradiation and Ethylene Oxide in the Sterilization of Native Reindeer Bone Morphogenetic Protein Extract." Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 94, no. 1 (March 2005): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145749690509400116.

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Background and Aims: For human use, it is necessary to sterilize bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), in order to reduce the risk of infections and associated complications. We compared the effects of ethylene oxide and gamma irradiation in the sterilization of native reindeer BMP extract with regard to bone induction in the Balb/C mouse thigh muscle pouch model. Materials and Methods: BMP extract, sterilized with ethylene oxide gas (Steri-Vac 4XL' temperature 29°C, exposure time 4 h, ethylene oxide concentration 860 mg/l), or gamma irradiation at doses of 3.15 MRad was administered in implants containing 5 or 10 mg of BMP extract with collagen carrier. Non-sterilized collagen implants served as controls. New bone formation was evaluated based on the incorporation of Ca45 and radiographically three weeks after implantation. Results: The collagen was not able to induce new bone visible in radiographs. The mean Ca45 incorporation in the gamma sterilized group containing 5 mg of BMP extract was 30 % (p = 0.04) and that containing 10 mg of BMP extract was 60 % (p = 0.02) higher than seen in the corresponding ethylene oxide sterilized groups. The mean new bone areas were 45 % higher in the gamma sterilized groups than in the corresponding ethylene oxide sterilized groups, but the differences were not significant. The mean optical density of new bone in the gamma sterilized group containing 5 mg of BMP extract was 75 % (p = 0.00) and in that containing 10 mg of BMP extract was 70 % (p = 0.00) higher than seen in the corresponding ethylene oxide sterilized groups. Conclusion: Native reindeer BMP extract is more sensitive to the effects of ethylene oxide gas sterilization than gamma irradiation. These results suggest that gamma irradiation is recommendable for the sterilization of BMP extracts.

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DeGaspari, John. "Standing Up to the Test." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 08 (August 1, 1999): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-aug-7.

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This article analyzes changes in sterilization techniques that can substantially increase the life of implants. A result of the work on sterilization methods has led to a related development—crosslinking—that greatly increases the wear resistance of the joints’ polyethylene mating surfaces. The vast majority of the prostheses used in a half-million hip replacement procedures performed worldwide each year are a combination of metal and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene. Some experts believe that the overall effects of gamma radiation in air have been misrepresented. Howmedica recently developed a highly crosslinked polyethylene, called Crossfire, which achieves a 90 percent reduction in wear compared to standard polyethylene. The crosslinking is achieved with an elevated dose of gamma radiation, followed by heating the material close to its melting point. The polyethylene is then machined and packaged in a nitrogen atmosphere, and sterilized with gamma radiation.

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Wu, Xi Long, Li Mao, Da Ke Qin, and Shen Zhou Lu. "Impact of Sterilization Methods on the Stability of Silk Fibroin Solution." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 1755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1755.

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Different sterilization techniques such as Co(60) gamma irradiation and autoclaving were used to treat the regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin (RSF) in aqueous solutions. The effect of the two above mentioned sterilization methods on the conformational changes and gelation rate of RSF was studied. According to the analysis of circular dichroism spectroscopy, gamma irradiation may initiate the conformational transition from random coil to β-sheet for RSF, while autoclaving shows less significant influence on the structure changes of RSF in aqueous solutions. The results also indicate that gelation time decreased to 5 days after γ-irradiation treatment while gelation time increased to 31 days after autoclave treatment. Moreover, particles of RSF in solutions changed larger and gelation time increased when autoclaving treatment time extended. However, no detectable changes of RSF secondary structure were found investigated by XRD and FTIR. Which indicated that under both sterilization methods, the RSF structure was transformed from random coil to β-sheet structure after gelation.

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Tapia-Guerrero, Y. S., M. L. Del Prado-Audelo, F. V. Borbolla-Jiménez, D. M. Giraldo Gomez, I. García-Aguirre, C. A. Colín-Castro, J. A. Morales-González, G. Leyva-Gómez, and J. J. Magaña. "Effect of UV and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization Processes in the Properties of Different Polymeric Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications." Materials 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051090.

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The sterilization processes of nanoparticles (NP) by autoclaving and filtration are two of the most utilized methods in the pharmaceutical industry but are not always a viable option. For this reason, the search for alternative options such as UV and gamma radiation is of interest. In this work, we evaluated both types of sterilization on two types of NP in solid state widely employed in the literature for biomedical applications, poly-(ε-caprolactone) and poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid NP stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol. Physicochemical properties and cell viability were studied pre- and post-sterilization. The efficiency of irradiation sterilization was performed by a test of sterility using 1 × 108 CFU/mL of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Microbiological monitoring revealed that both methods were sufficient for sterilization. After the UV irradiation sterilization (100 µJ/cm2), no substantial changes were observed in the physicochemical properties of the NP or in the interaction or morphology of human glial cells, though 5 and 10 kGy of gamma irradiation showed slight changes of NP size as well as a decrease in cell viability (from 100 µg/mL of NP). At 5 kGy of radiation doses, the presence of trehalose as cryoprotectant reduces the cell damage with high concentrations of NP, but this did not occur at 10 kGy. Therefore, these methods could be highly effective and low-processing-time options for sterilizing NP for medical purposes. However, we suggest validating each NP system because these generally are of different polymer-composition systems.

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Le, Vu, and Andre Tuggles. "The Case for Qualifying More Than One Sterilization Modality." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 54, s1 (June 1, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-54.s3.15.

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Abstract Due to its complexity, sterilization has been perceived by some professionals who lack sterility assurance expertise as a “black box” process. Historically, medical device manufacturers have selected one of the available industrial sterilization options: dry heat, moist heat, gamma, or ethylene oxide (EO). The preselection of a sterilization modality (method) typically is made without understanding its impact based on qualified sterilization processes for existing products, capability, or resources required for the specific processes. Early engagement with sterilization subject matter experts (SMEs) can redirect the decision to preselect a legacy modality and help foster innovation and operational agility. Recent focus on supply chain flexibility and sustainability by the medical device industry has been affected by concerns surrounding cobalt-60 shortages and EO emissions. These factors drive the need for early involvement with sterility assurance SMEs in the product development process and the exploration of multiple sterilization modalities. This article highlights the importance of exploring multiple sterilization modalities during the product development stage to support sustainable business continuity plans.

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Isenberg, Samantha L., Melissa D. Carter, Jonathan L. Moon, Sarah Laughlin, Marla Petway, Mike A. Mojica, Julia E. Rood, et al. "The Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Chemical Biomarker Recovery from Mixed Chemical/Biological Threat Exposure Specimens." Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfz022.

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Abstract Background Irradiative sterilization of clinical specimens prior to chemical laboratory testing provides a way to not only sterilize pathogens and ensure laboratorian safety but also preserve sample volume and maintain compatibility with quantitative chemical diagnostic protocols. Since the compatibility of clinical biomarkers with gamma irradiation is not well characterized, a subset of diagnostic biomarkers ranging in molecular size, concentration, and clinical matrix was analyzed to determine recovery following gamma irradiation. Methods Sample irradiation of previously characterized quality control materials (QCs) at 5 Mrad was carried out at the Gamma Cell Irradiation Facility at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, GA. Following irradiation, the QCs were analyzed alongside non-irradiated QCs to determine analyte recovery between dosed and control samples. Results Biomarkers for exposure to abrin, ricin, and organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs) were analyzed for their stability following gamma irradiation. The diagnostic biomarkers included adducts to butyrylcholinesterase, abrine, and ricinine, respectively, and were recovered at over 90% of their initial concentration. Conclusions The results from this pilot study support the implementation of an irradiative sterilization protocol for possible mixed-exposure samples containing both chemical and biological threat agents (mixed CBTs). Furthermore, irradiative sterilization significantly reduces a laboratorian’s risk of infection from exposure to an infectious agent without compromising chemical diagnostic testing integrity, particularly for diagnostic assays in which the chemical analyte has been shown to be fully conserved following a 5 Mrad irradiative dose.

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Heinemann, Christiane, Frauke Buchner, Poh Soo Lee, Anne Bernhardt, Benjamin Kruppke, Hans-Peter Wiesmann, and Vera Hintze. "Effects of Gamma Irradiation and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Sterilization on Methacrylated Gelatin/Hyaluronan Hydrogels." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 14, no. 6 (June 8, 2023): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14060317.

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Biopolymer hydrogels have become an important group of biomaterials in experimental and clinical use. However, unlike metallic or mineral materials, they are quite sensitive to sterilization. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of gamma irradiation and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) treatment on the physicochemical properties of different hyaluronan (HA)- and/or gelatin (GEL)-based hydrogels and the cellular response of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC). Hydrogels were photo-polymerized from methacrylated HA, methacrylated GEL, or a mixture of GEL/HA. The composition and sterilization methods altered the dissolution behavior of the biopolymeric hydrogels. There were no significant differences in methacrylated GEL release but increased methacrylated HA degradation of gamma-irradiated samples. Pore size/form remained unchanged, while gamma irradiation decreased the elastic modulus from about 29 kPa to 19 kPa compared to aseptic samples. HBMSC proliferated and increased alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) particularly in aseptic and gamma-irradiated methacrylated GEL/HA hydrogels alike, while scCO2 treatment had a negative effect on both proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Thus, gamma-irradiated methacrylated GEL/HA hydrogels are a promising base for multi-component bone substitute materials.

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Hadiati, S. W., H. Winarno, and S. Pramono. "Gamma irradiation as suitable preservation method on herbal medicine: a review." Food Research 5, no. 5 (August 31, 2021): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(5).494.

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The trend of consuming herbal medicines has been increasing over the past three decades. No less than 80% of the world's population has used herbal medicines as a treatment. One of the problems in herbal medicine is the high level of microbial contamination caused by raw materials and production processes. Various attempts have been made to overcome these problems, one of them is the gamma irradiation method. Although irradiation has been widely used for food sterilization, the use of irradiation for sterilization on herbal medicines is still debated. It is because irradiation may affect the composition of active compounds of herbal medicines. This review aimed to discuss the applications of gamma irradiation for herbal medicines by emphasizing the chemical constituent stabilities of herbal medicines.

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Kryczka, Tomasz, Maciej Bero, Janusz Kasperczyk, Piotr Dobrzyński, Barbara Marciniec, Maria Popielarz-Brzezińska, and Pawel Grieb. "In vitro release of cytotoxic nucleoside analogs from lactide-caprolactone and lactide-glycolide copolymers." Acta Biochimica Polonica 49, no. 1 (March 31, 2002): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2002_3837.

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The aims of our study were to assess the release of cytotoxic nucleoside analogs 5-fluorouracil and 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine from different lactide-glycolide or lactide-caprolactone biodegradable copolymers and the effects of sterilization on this release. The polymers were sterilized either with ethylene oxide at 37 degrees C, or with gamma radiation (15 kGy, 20 kGy, or 25 kGy). The kinetics of nucleoside release from the copolymers were measured over 50 days. Four copolymers exhibited relatively constant release of nucleosides in micromolar concentrations during the entire observation period. Sterilization with either ethylene oxide or gamma radiation only slightly influenced nucleoside release. Further development of these copolymers as an intracerebral nucleoside delivery system for local treatment of brain tumors is indicated.

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Werner, Valerie M. K., Daniel Strömsdörfer, Viet Nga Bui, Niklas von Wittenburg, and Markus Eblenkamp. "Cytotoxicity and Sterilization Resistance of Electronic Components for Disposable Smart Biomedical Devices." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-0075.

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AbstractThe design of Smart Biomedical Devices will be a defining element of future research in the context of intelligent medical devices for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). A prerequisite for serving the disposable market is the use of cost-effective electronic components and the highest reliability of the developed products in terms of biocompatibility and bioprotection. In the study, resistors, capacitors, and light-emitting diodes, different in their materials and construction forms, were examined. The selected types represented electronic components as they are commonly installed on electronic system from the segment of low-cost standard components. These were subjected to steam sterilization with up to 50 cycles, gamma sterilization, and a CCK-8 assay to test in vitro cytotoxicity. Functional failure could not be determined for any component. Gamma sterilization did not result in significant changes in resistance values, but in capacitors with barium titanate as dielectric. Non-cytotoxic electronic components could be identified. The results show that certain electronic standard components are suitable for disposable Smart Biomedical Devices.

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Fraguas-Sánchez, Ana Isabel, Ana Fernández-Carballido, and Ana Isabel Torres-Suárez. "Effect of Gamma Sterilization on CBD-Loaded PLGA Microparticles." Proceedings 78, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecp2020-08801.

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Cannabidiol (CBD) has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent. However, its low aqueous solubility hinders the development of effective parenteral formulations. The use of polymeric microparticles as CBD carriers could resolve this challenge and allows to obtain an extended CBD release after a single administration. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), FDA approved for various medical applications, is one the most used. Ionizing radiation is as an effective sterilizing method for PLGA microparticles, which is essential for their parenteral administration. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of gamma sterilization on the characteristics of CBD-loaded microparticles. No differences in particle morphology and particle size were detected between sterile and non-sterile formulations. All microparticles exhibited a spherical shape, a smooth surface, and an average particle size around 25 µm. DSC analysis showed the absence of the CBD melting peak in sterile and non-sterile CBD-microparticles. However, a reduction on PLGA glass transition was appreciated in sterile formulations. A significant lower CBD content was also detected in sterile microparticles, indicating a CBD degradation during sterilization. Finally, a faster CBD release was appreciated in sterile microparticles compared with their counterparts, due to the faster PLGA degradation in sterilized microparticles. Due to the CBD degradation during sterilization process and the acceleration of the release of this drug from PLGA microparticles, gamma irradiation is not an adequate method to sterilize CBD-PLGA-microparticles.

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Singh, Rita, and Durgeshwer Singh. "Sterilization of bone allografts by microwave and gamma radiation." International Journal of Radiation Biology 88, no. 9 (June 29, 2012): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09553002.2012.700166.

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MUNASIRI, M. A., M. N. PARTE, AS GHANEKAR, ARUN SHARMA, S. R. PADWAL-DESAI, and G. B. NADKARNI. "Sterilization of Ground Prepacked Indian Spices by Gamma Irradiation." Journal of Food Science 52, no. 3 (May 1987): 823–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1987.tb06736.x.

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Mäder, Karsten, Abraham Domb, and Harold M. Swartz. "Gamma-sterilization-induced radicals in biodegradable drug delivery systems." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 47, no. 11-12 (November 1996): 1669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(96)00236-9.

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Davison, Lisa, Efrosyni Themistou, Fraser Buchanan, and Eoin Cunningham. "Low temperature gamma sterilization of a bioresorbable polymer, PLGA." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 143 (February 2018): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.09.009.

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Türker, N. Selcan, A. Yekta Özer, Burak Kutlu, Rahime Nohutcu, Arzu Sungur, Hasan Bilgili, Melike Ekizoglu, and Meral Özalp. "The effect of gamma radiation sterilization on dental biomaterials." Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 11, no. 5 (August 1, 2014): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13770-014-0016-9.

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Grandis, Rone Aparecido De, Larissa Natiele Miotto, Luis Eduardo Genaro, Larissa Migliatti Polli, Ana Maria de Guzzi Plepis, Fabiana Tessari Rodrigues, Virginia da Conceição Amaro Martins, Leonardo Pereira Franchi, Raquel Mantuaneli Scarel-Caminaga, and Ticiana Sidorenko de Oliveira Capote. "In Vitro Evaluation of Acellular Collagen Matrices Derived from Porcine Pericardium: Influence of the Sterilization Method on Its Biological Properties." Materials 14, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 6255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216255.

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The aim of this study were characterize acellular collagen matrices derived from porcine pericardium (PP) and to evaluate their properties after sterilization by ethylene oxide and gamma ray. PP matrices were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis (AH), and samples were characterized for biological stability, membrane thickness measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Subsequently, the matrices were frozen, lyophilized and sterilized by ethylene oxide or gamma radiation. For in vitro assays, CHO-K1 cell culture was used and evaluated for cytotoxicity, clonogenic survival assay, genotoxicity and mutagenicity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, followed by Dunnett’s post-test, with a significance level of 5%. After AH, there was no significant change in matrix thickness. The relative biodegradability of the material after implantation was observed. Morphology and dimensions had small changes after AH. As for cell viability, none of the tested matrices showed a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05; Dunnett) regardless of the sterilization method. Furthermore, it was found that PP matrices did not interfere with the proliferation capacity of CHO-K1 cells (p > 0.05; Dunnett). As for genotoxicity, when sterilized with ethylene oxide (NP, P12 and P24), it showed genotoxic potential, but it was not genotoxic when sterilized by gamma radiation. No mutagenic effects were observed in either group. PP-derived collagen matrices hydrolyzed at different times were not cytotoxic. It is concluded that the best method of sterilization is through gamma radiation, since no significant changes were observed in the properties of the PP matrices.

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Hansen, Joyce M., Niki Fidopiastis, Trabue Bryans, Michelle Luebke, and Terri Rymer. "Radiation Sterilization: Dose Is Dose." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 54, s1 (June 1, 2020): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-54.s3.45.

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Abstract In the radiation sterilization arena, the question often arises as to whether radiation resistance of microorganisms might be affected by the energy level of the radiation source and the rate of the dose delivered (kGy/time). The basis for the question is if the microbial lethality is affected by the radiation energy level and/or the rate the dose is delivered, then the ability to transfer dose among different radiation sources could be challenged. This study addressed that question by performing a microbial inactivation study using two radiation sources (gamma and electron beam [E-beam]), two microbial challenges (natural product bioburden and biological indicators), and four dose rates delivered by three energy levels (1.17 MeV [gamma], 1.33 MeV [gamma], and 10 MeV [high-energy E-beam]). Based on analysis of the data, no significant differences were seen in the rate of microbial lethality across the range of radiation energies evaluated. In summary, as long as proof exists that the specified dose is delivered, dose is dose.

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Cowden, K., B. Giammara, T. Devine, and J. Hanker. "Effects of sterilization modes on the mechanical strengths of plaster of paris implants." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 890–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100156432.

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Plaster of Paris (calcium sulfate hemihydrate, CaSO4. ½ H2O) has been used as a biomedical implant material since 1892. One of the primary limiting factors of these implants is their mechanical properties. These materials have low compressive and tensile strengths when compared to normal bone. These are important limiting factors where large biomechanical forces exist. Previous work has suggested that sterilization techniques could affect the implant’s strength. A study of plaster of Paris implant mechanical and physical properties to find optimum sterilization techniques therefore, could lead to a significant increase in their application and promise for future use as hard tissue prosthetic materials.USG Medical Grade Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Types A, A-1 and B, were sterilized by dry heat and by gamma radiation. Types A and B were additionally sterilized with and without the setting agent potassium sulfate (K2SO4). The plaster mixtures were then moistened with a minimum amount of water and formed into disks (.339 in. diameter x .053 in. deep) in polyethylene molds with a microspatula. After drying, the disks were fractured with a Stokes Hardness Tester. The compressive strengths of the disks were obtained directly from the hardness tester. Values for the maximum tensile strengths σo were then calculated: where (P = applied compression, D = disk diameter, and t = disk thickness). Plaster disks (types A and B) that contained no setting agent showed a significant loss in strength with either dry heat or gamma radiation sterilization. Those that contained potassium sulfate (K2SO4) did not show a significant loss in strength with either sterilization technique. In all comparisons (with and without K2SO4 and with either dry heat or gamma radiation sterilization) the type B plaster had higher compressive and tensile strengths than that of the type A plaster. The type A-1 plaster however, which is specially modified for accelerated setting, was comparable to that of type B with K2SO4 in both compressive and tensile strength (Table 1).

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Sherertz, R. J., S. O. Heard, I. I. Raad, L. Gentry, D. Bowton, P. Scuderi, J. Hu, et al. "Gamma radiation-sterilized, triple-lumen catheters coated with a low concentration of chlorhexidine were not efficacious at preventing catheter infections in intensive care unit patients." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 9 (September 1996): 1995–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.9.1995.

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In a randomized, double-blind trial, gamma radiation-sterilized, chlorhexidine-coated triple-lumen catheters were compared with uncoated control catheters for their ability to prevent catheter infection in 254 intensive care unit patients. The chlorhexidine coating was not efficacious, and a rabbit model demonstrated that reduction of chlorhexidine activity by gamma radiation sterilization was the likely explanation for the failure.

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Zahid, Hasan M., Mohammad Zahirul Islam Mollah, and Ruhul A. Khan. "Gamma Irradiation to Sterilize Active Ingredients, Consumer Foodstuffs and Beverages in Bangladesh." Scientific Review, no. 81 (March 4, 2022): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/sr.81.33.37.

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Nowadays, the utilization of gamma irradiation (e.g., Cobalt-60 source) to sterilize different materials have been increasing enormously. As terminal sterilization, gamma irradiation is being used popularly to sterilize different materials throughout Bangladesh. Compare to other conventional methods of sterilization (e.g., alpha, beta, other chemicals), this method is highly applicable for its well acceptance in the world. It has high penetration power with the short wave lengths, isothermal characteristics for its negligible rise in the temperature, no contact with any toxic chemicals without having any unirradiated portion. In this process, the assurance level of the sterility of product is far better than other aseptic processing. The chemical bonds in the microbes are broken to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) by gamma irradiation, and attack DNA/RNA of microbes for killing. The mutations in the genetic materials (DNA/RNA) of microbes are usually happened through gamma irradiation and consequently restrict the cellular division of microbes. This characteristic of gamma ray is mostly applicable in the commercial purposes. This review discusses the general applications of gamma irradiation to the broaden arena of different materials (active pharmaceutical ingredients, consumer products, beverages etc.). A summarized description of materials those are irradiated using Cobalt-60 source in Bangladesh, in particular, at the Institute of Radiation & Polymer Technology (IRPT), Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, is described here. The information may further assist to enhance the dissemination of the applicability of gamma irradiation throughout Bangladesh.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gamma-sterilization'

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