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Academic literature on the topic 'Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs)'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs)"

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PIRAN, TSVI. "GAMMA-RAY BURSTS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 20 (August 10, 2002): 2727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x02011680.

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Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most relativistic objects discovered so far. I describe here two aspects of the relativistic nature of GRBs. Their likely association with the formation of black holes and their possible role as sources of gravitational radiation.
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Castro-Tirado, Alberto J. "Gamma-ray Bursts." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 192 (2005): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100009544.

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SummarySince their discovery in 1967 Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been puzzling to astrophysicists. With the advent of a new generation of X–ray satellites in the late 90’s, it was possible to carry out deep multi-wavelength observations of the counterparts associated with the long duration GRBs class just within a few hours of occurrence, thanks to the observation of the fading X-ray emission that follows the more energetic gamma-ray photons once the GRB event has ended. The fact that this emission (the afterglow) extends at longer wavelengths, led to the discovery of optical/IR/radio counterparts in 1997-2003, greatly improving our understanding of these sources. The classical, long duration GRBs, have been observed to originate at cosmological distances in a range of redshifts with 0.1685 ≤ z ≤ 4.50 implying energy releases of ~ 1051 ergs. The recent results on GRB 021004 and GRB 030329 confirm that the central engines that power these extraordinary events are due to be collapse of massive stars rather than the merging of compact objects as previously also suggested. Short GRBs still remain a mystery as no counterparts have been detected so far.
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Lamb, D. Q. "Gamma-ray bursts and cosmology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 365, no. 1854 (February 13, 2007): 1363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1979.

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I review the current status of the use of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as probes of the early Universe and cosmology. I describe the promise of long GRBs as probes of the high redshift ( z >4) and very high redshift ( z >5) Universe, and several key scientific results that have come from observations made possible by accurate, rapid localizations of these bursts by Swift. I then estimate the fraction of long GRBs that lie at very high redshifts and discuss ways in which it may be possible to rapidly identify—and therefore study—a larger number of these bursts. Finally, I discuss the ways in which both long and short GRBs can be made ‘standard candles’ and used to constrain the properties of dark energy.
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Zhang, Zhibin, Yongfeng Huang, and Hongchao Liu. "On the Reclassification of Short GRBs." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S290 (August 2012): 361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312020418.

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AbstractBy collecting 17 short gamma-ray bursts with necessary data, we find a correlation of Lp ∝ Ep,i1.7, which is very consistent with that derived from a greatly expanded sample of 148 Swift long gamma-ray bursts. It is argued that the radiation mechanism of both long and short gamma-ray bursts should be similar, i.e., of quasi-thermal origin caused by the photosphere and the dissipation occurring very near the central engine. In addition, we suggest that the Ep,i-Lp relation can be used to identified a burst among normal short bursts, short bursts with extended emission and long bursts with short-hard properties. We also find the ratio of peak energy to fluence in the prompt γ-ray band is a prospective discriminator, similar to the traditional duration time.
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Chandra, Poonam. "Gamma-Ray Bursts: A Radio Perspective." Advances in Astronomy 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2967813.

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Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are extremely energetic events at cosmological distances. They provide unique laboratory to investigate fundamental physical processes under extreme conditions. Due to extreme luminosities, GRBs are detectable at very high redshifts and potential tracers of cosmic star formation rate at early epoch. While the launch ofSwiftandFermihas increased our understanding of GRBs tremendously, many new questions have opened up. Radio observations of GRBs uniquely probe the energetics and environments of the explosion. However, currently only 30% of the bursts are detected in radio bands. Radio observations with upcoming sensitive telescopes will potentially increase the sample size significantly and allow one to follow the individual bursts for a much longer duration and be able to answer some of the important issues related to true calorimetry, reverse shock emission, and environments around the massive stars exploding as GRBs in the early Universe.
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Řípa, Jakub, and Arman Shafieloo. "Update on testing the isotropy of the properties of gamma-ray bursts." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 486, no. 3 (April 26, 2019): 3027–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz921.

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Abstract Previously, we proposed a novel method to inspect the isotropy of the properties of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), such as their duration, fluences and peak fluxes at various energy bands and different time-scales, complementary to existing studies of the spatial distribution of GRBs by other authors. The method was then applied to the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) Burst Catalog containing 1591 GRBs. Except for one particular direction where we noticed some hints of violation from statistical isotropy, the rest of the data showed consistency with isotropy. In this work, we apply our method, with some minor modifications, to the updated Fermi GBM data sample containing 2266 GRBs, which is thus ∼40 per cent larger. We also test two other major GRB catalogues: the Burst And Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) Current GRB Catalog of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), containing ∼2000 bursts, and the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) GRB Catalog, containing ∼1200 bursts. The new results using the updated data are consistent with our previous findings and we find no statistically significant anisotropic feature in the observed properties of these samples of all GRBs.
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Vasquez, Nicolas A., and Christian Vasconez. "Classification of long Gamma Ray Bursts using cosmologically corrected temporal estimators." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S279 (April 2011): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312013622.

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AbstractThe canonical classification of GRBs establishes two types of bursts, long and short. Although an intermediate class of GRBs was suggested, its existence is not yet conclusive. In the present work, we explore the temporal classification of GRBs in the burst frame, because in recent years the statistics of bursts with known redshifts has increased. We studied a sample of Swift GRBs with known redshifts to determine three different time estimators: autocorrelation functions, emission times and duration times. In order to look for a subclass in long GRBs, we studied the distribution of the cosmologically corrected time estimators. The distribution of time estimators of the sample suggests an internal division of long GRBs. The proposed bimodality is also supported in the isotropic luminosity - time estimator planes and we discuss some possible implications of the classification of GRBs in the burst frame.
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GEHRELS, N., and J. K. CANNIZZO. "GAMMA-RAY BURSTS — OBSERVATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 19, no. 06 (June 2010): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181001710x.

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We are in an exciting period of discovery for gamma-ray bursts. The Swift observatory is detecting 100 bursts per year, providing arcsecond localizations and sensitive observations of the prompt and afterglow emission. The Fermi observatory is observing 250 bursts per year with its medium-energy GRB instrument and about 10 bursts per year with its high-energy LAT instrument. In addition, rapid-response telescopes on the ground are providing new capabilities to study optical emission during the prompt phase and spectral signatures of the host galaxies. The combined data set is enabling great advances in our understanding of GRBs including afterglow physics, short burst origin, and high-energy emission.
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Gehrels, Neil. "Swift observations of gamma-ray bursts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 365, no. 1854 (February 9, 2007): 1119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1975.

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Since its launch on 20 November 2004, the Swift mission has been detecting approximately 100 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) each year, and immediately (within approx. 90 s) starting simultaneous X-ray and UV/optical observations of the afterglow. It has already collected an impressive database, including prompt emission to higher sensitivities than BATSE, uniform monitoring of afterglows and a rapid follow-up by other observatories notified through the GCN. Advances in our understanding of short GRBs have been spectacular. The detection of X-ray afterglows has led to accurate localizations and the conclusion that short GRBs can occur in non-star-forming galaxies or regions, whereas long GRBs are strongly concentrated within the star-forming regions. This is consistent with the NS merger model. Swift has greatly increased the redshift range of GRB detection. The highest redshift GRBs, at z ∼5–6, are approaching the era of reionization. Ground-based deep optical spectroscopy of high redshift bursts is giving metallicity measurements and other information on the source environment to a much greater distance than other techniques. The localization of GRB 060218 to a nearby galaxy, and the association with SN 2006aj, added a valuable member to the class of GRBs with detected supernova.
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Liu, Xiang. "Simple Reduction of Gamma-Ray Bursts." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 214 (2003): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900194689.

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We try to explain the different type of GRBs from their properties, most likely the long duration GRBs are the NS-NS collision, short duration ones are the WD-WD collision, and intermediate ones are the NS-WD collision.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs)"

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Nakauchi, Daisuke. "Gamma-Ray Bursts from First Stars and Ultra-Long Gamma-Ray Bursts." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199100.

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Chapman, Robert. "Gamma-ray bursts in the local universe." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/2809.

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With energy outputs >~10^51 erg in 0.1-1000 seconds, Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful events yet observed in the Universe. As such they are potential probes of the very early Universe, back to the era of re-ionisation and the first stars, but at the same time they have been observed to span a wide range in luminosity and redshift from the relatively local Universe (z~0.0085) out to z~6.29. GRBs divide into two classes based primarily on their duration as measured by T90 (the time taken to observe 90% of the total burst fluence). Long bursts (L-GRBs) have T90>~2 seconds, and shorts (S-GRBs) T90<~2 seconds. Though much has been learned regarding long duration GRBs since the first afterglow discovery in 1997 (including their likely association with massive core collapse supernovae), much remains unknown regarding short duration GRBs. In this work, after a brief historical introduction and review, we present analyses of the angular cross-correlation on the sky of short GRBs from the BATSE catalogue with galaxies in the local Universe sampled from the PSCz Redshift Survey and the Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies (RC3). In particular we show that 20%+/-8% (1 sigma) of all BATSE short duration bursts (localised to 10 degrees or better) show correlation with galaxy samples (morphological T-type<=4) within ~112 Mpc. Our statistics thus provide evidence that a substantial fraction of BATSE short GRBs show a tendency to be associated with large scale structure on the sky traced by a variety of galaxy types. Short GRBs are believed to be produced in the final merger of compact object (neutron star-neutron star or neutron star-black hole) binaries, though other possible progenitors are known to exist. The short initial spike of a giant flare from a Soft Gamma Repeater (SGR) such as the December 27th 2004 event from SGR1806-20 would have been detectable by BATSE as a short GRB if it occurred in a galaxy within ~30-50 Mpc (assuming a distance to SGR1806-20 of 15 kpc). Using the observed luminosities and rates of Galactic SGR giant flares, as well as theoretical predictions for the rate of binary mergers, we investigate the ability of plausible Luminosity Functions (LF), singly and in combination, to reproduce our observed correlations and a cosmological S-GRB population. We find the correlations are best explained by a separate population of lower luminosity S-GRBs, with properties consistent with them being due to giant flares from extra-galactic SGRs. Overall predicted number counts are a good fit to the observed BATSE number counts, and furthermore, the wider redshift distribution is consistent with the early Swift S-GRB redshift distribution. The three closest GRBs which have been observed to date were all long duration bursts, and we have therefore also searched for cross-correlation signals between the BATSE long GRBs and local galaxies. The three nearby bursts shared several similar properties such as being under-luminous, spectrally soft and of low variability. We have therefore also investigated a subset of L-GRBs with light curve properties similar to these known nearby bursts. The whole sample is found to exhibit a correlation level consistent with zero (1 sigma upper limit=10%, equivalent to 144 bursts) out to a radius of ~155 Mpc, but a spectrally soft, low observed fluence and low variability subset shows a correlation level of 28%+/-16% (=50+/-28 bursts) within 155 Mpc. These results are consistent with low-luminosity, low-variability bursts being a separate sub-class of L-GRBs which may be much more prevalent in the local Universe than their high-luminosity, cosmologically distant counterparts. To investigate this further, we once again examined plausible luminosity functions for single and dual high and low luminosity populations, based on observed intrinsic rates from the literature. The local population was once again found only to be produced to a sufficient level (while maintaining consistency with the observed overall number counts) by a separate low luminosity population with intrinsic rates several hundred times greater than their cosmological counterparts. Constraining the models via the Swift overall redshift distribution instead of threshold-adjusted BATSE number counts showed that the dual LF models were able to produce excellent fits to the entire redshift distribution while adequately reproducing a local population. Finally, suggestions are made as to the direction future work may follow in order to build on these initial investigations, as well as to how observations with future missions and detectors such as Fermi (formerly GLAST), Advanced LIGO and LOFAR may shed further light on nearby GRBs.
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Galante, Douglas. "Efeitos astrofísicos e astrobiológicos de Gamma-Ray Bursts." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-19062009-014454/.

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O presente trabalho tem o objetivo principal de compreender os possíveis efeitos da radiação energética de um evento de Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) sobre o meio interestelar no entorno de seu local de geração e em planetas possivelmente iluminados. Gamma-Ray Bursts foram detectados pela primeira vez nos anos 60 e rapidamente atraíram a atenção da comunidade astrofísica, uma vez que as energias emitidas apenas em poderiam alcançar 1054erg, o equivalente a massa de repouso do Sol. Não se conhecia nenhum mecanismo tão eficiente para extrair energia gravitacional para produzir tal evento. Mais tarde, a possibilidade da emissão ser colimada abaixou a energia em para 5x1050erg, mas o mecanismo central de geração ainda não foi completamente desvendado, havendo muito espaço para alternativas exóticas. Estudamos os efeitos de um GRB sobre o meio interestelar, em uma tentativa de distinguir os remanescentes do GRB do gerado por múltiplas supernovas. Usamos argumentos energéticos e sobre a possibilidade de alterações químicas e isotópicas devido a reações fotonucleares. Também trabalhamos com as implicações biológicas da iluminação de planetas por um GRB, concluindo que os efeitos de tais eventos podem afetar seriamente a biosfera de um planeta mesmo a distâncias de ~10kpc.
The present work has the main goal of understanding the possible effects of the hard gamma radiation produced during a Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) event both on the interstellar medium surrounding the source of the burst and on planets possibly illuminated. Gamma-Ray Bursts were first detected on the 60s and quickly have attracted the attention of the astrophysical community, since the energies emitted just in could reach 1054erg, the rest mass of the Sun. No mechanism was known to be so efficient in extracting gravitational energy to produce such emission. Later on, the possibility of the emission being collimated has lowered the energy of the to 5x1051erg, but the central engine has not yet been completely understood, and there is still ample room for exotic alternatives. We have studied the effects of GRB on the ISM, in an attempt to distinguish the candidates of GRB remnants from those generated by multiple supernovae. We have used both energetic arguments and the possibility of chemical alterations due to photonuclear reactions. We have also worked on the biological implications of the illumination of planets by a GRB, concluding that the effects of such event could seriously harm the biosphere of a planet even at distances of ~10kpc.
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Olivo, Martino. "Neutrino emission from high-energy component gamma-ray bursts." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Högenergifysik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-132961.

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Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are brief and sudden explosions radiating most of their energy in the soft γ-ray band ( 100 keV). In the context of multimessenger astroparticle physics recent observations of GRBs provide an excellent benchmark for testing theoretical models of high energy emission mechanisms. Acceleration of hadrons in the engine is expected to produce high energy neutrinos and gamma-rays simultaneously via π±/π0 decays, thus reinforcing the motivation for coincident searches in km3 neutrino telescopes. The Waxman-Bachall spectra and the corresponding expected neutrino rates in IceCube are derived here for GRB090510 amd GRB090902B recently detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. The implications of the significant detection of deviations from the Band function fit in photon spectra and a model that explains these extra-components in terms of π0-decay photons are presented here and the relevance to neutrino astronomy is shown.
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Casey, James David. "Search for high energy GRB neutrinos in IceCube." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53839.

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The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has reported the observation of 35 neutrino events above 30 TeV with evidence for an astrophysical neutrino flux using data collected from May 2010 to May 2013. These events provide the first high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux ever observed. The sources of these events are currently unknown. IceCube has looked for correlations between these events and a list of TeV photon sources including a catalog of 36 galactic sources and 42 extragalactic sources, correlations with the galactic plane and center, and spatial and temporal clustering. These searches have shown no significant correlations. The isotropic distribution of the event directions gives indications that the events could be extragalactic in nature and therefore may originate in the same processes that generate ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). The sources of these UHECRs are still unknown; however, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been proposed as one possible source class. By determining the source of these high-energy neutrinos, it may be possible to determine the sources of UHECRs as well. This study is a search for directional and temporal correlation between 856 GRBs and the astrophysical neutrino flux observed by IceCube. Nearly 10,000 expanding time windows centered on the earliest reported time of the burst were examined. The time windows start at ±10 s and extend to ±15 days. We find no evidence of correlations for these time windows and set an upper limit on the fraction of the astrophysical flux that can be attributed to the observed GRBs as a function of the time window. GRBs can contribute at most 12% of the astrophysical neutrino flux if the neutrino-GRB correlation time is less than ≈20 hours, and no more than 38% of the astrophysical neutrino flux can be attributed to the known GRBs at time scales up to 15 days. We conclude that GRBs observable by satellites are not solely responsible for IceCube’s astrophysical neutrino flux, even if very long correlation time scales are assumed.
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Harstad, Emelie. "A Targeted LIGO-Virgo Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts Using Low-Threshold Swift GRB Triggers." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13003.

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Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short, intense flashes of 0.1-1 MeV electromagnetic radiation that are routinely observed by Earth orbiting satellites. The sources of GRBs are known to be extragalacitic and located at cosmological distances. Due to the extremely high isotropic equivalent energies of GRBs, which are on the order of Eiso~1054 erg, the gamma-ray emission is believed to be collimated, making them observable only when they are directed towards Earth. The favored progenitor models of GRBs are also believed to emit gravitational waves that would be observable by the current generation of ground-based interferometric gravitational wave detectors. The LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) and Virgo instruments operated near design sensitivity and collected more than a year of triple coincident data during the S5/VSR1 science run, which spanned the two year interval between November 2005 and October 2007. During this time, GRB detections were being made by the NASA/Goddard Swift Burst Alert Telescope at a rate of approximately 0.3 per day, producing a collection of triggers that has since been used in a coincident GRB-GW burst search with data from the LIGO-Virgo interferometer network. This dissertation describes the search for gravitational waves using the times and locations of 123 below-threshold potential GRB triggers from Swift over the same time period. Although most of the below-threshold triggers are likely false alarms, there is reason to believe that some are the result of actual faintly-observed GRB events. Recent GRB observations indicate that the local rate of low-luminosity GRBs is much higher than previously believed. This result, combined with the possibility of discovering a rare nearby GRB event accompanied by gravitational waves, is what motivates this search. The analysis results indicate no evidence for gravitational waves associated with any of the below-threshold triggers. A median distance lower limit of ~16 Mpc was derived for a typical neutron star-black hole coalescence progenitor assumption.
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Sears, Huei M. "Investigation of the Mass-Metallicity Relation of GRB Host Galaxies at z ~ 4.7." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1597762492071921.

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Kuehn, Frederick Gabriel. "Finding Gamma Ray Bursts at High Energies and Testing the Constancy of the Speed of Light." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1214582047.

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Bardho, Onelda. "Comprendre la physique des sursauts gamma grâce aux corrélations dans les données." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4004/document.

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Les Sursauts de Rayonnement Gamma (GRBs) sont des flashs émanant du cosmos qui sont classés en deux groupes : les longs/doux et les courts/durs. Le lancement du satellite Swift a ouvert une nouvelle ère dans la recherche sur les GRBs. Cette thèse présente une étude détaillée du GRB 141221A qui montre une forte et inhabituelle hausse des valeurs des courbes de lumière dans le domaine optique lors de l'émission rémanente alors que dans le domaine des rayons X ces valeurs sont plus normales. GRB 141221A est un des GRBs qui mettent à l'épreuve les modèles car il exclut tout vent stellaire du progéniteur. Un regroupement des courbes de lumière dans le domaine X lors de l'émission rémanente GRBs a été observé avant le lancement de Swift. Cette classification a été débattue après le lancement de Swift. Nous avons construit un échantillon de 254 GRBs qui montre un éparpillement des distributions du flux à un jour. Cette distribution a été normalisée avec un décalage vers le rouge de 1. Nous avons investigué ce problème selon trois directions: un problème instrumental, un problème de calibration des données ou l'absence de regroupement. Coté instrument, le problème pourrait être observationnel, nous avons en effet observé des effets saisonniers durant les solstices et les équinoxes. Coté calibration des données, un tel problème pourrait avoir une influence sur les résultats de l'étude. La comparaison entre analyse manuelle et automatique des données telle que disponible sur le dépôt Swift-XRT montre de sérieux aléas sur les résultats. Les cas où l'analyse manuelle est judicieuse sont exposés. La dernière possibilité de l'absence de regroupement pourrait être un effet de sélection
GRBs are ashes of gamma-rays coming from cosmos. They are one of the most mysteriousevents we have been able to observe since their discovery. GRBs are classified into two groups: long/soft GRBs and short/hard GRBs. Their emission mechanism consists of two phases: prompt emission and afterglow emission. The launch of the Swift satellite opened a New Era in the GRBs research. Swift is able to provide accurate position for more GRBs than previous missions, thanks to its fast capabilities of slewing. Furthermore, the Swift shows that GRBs have a canonical behaviour for the X-ray afterglow light curves. The data analysis process remains the key point of GRBs studies. I present a detailed study of the peculiar GRB 141221A at different wavelengths. GRB 141221A shows an unusual steep rise in the optical light curve of the afterglow. The broad band spectral energy distribution, taken near the maximum of the optical emission, presents either a thermal component or a behaviourbreak. This burst displays unusual feature in the optical band, whereas the X-ray data is more common. GRB 141221A is one of the challenging bursts that excludes a stellar wind from the progenitor of the GRBs. A clustering in the X-ray afterglow light curves was observed before the launch of the Swift satellite. This feature has been debated after the launch of the Swift. We have built a sample which consists of 254 GRBs that shows a scattering of the data for the flux distribution at one day. This distribution was investigated with a normalization of light curves at redshift one. We have investigated the problem into three different directions
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Laskar, Tanmoy, Kate D. Alexander, Edo Berger, Wen-fai Fong, Raffaella Margutti, Isaac Shivvers, Peter K. G. Williams, et al. "A REVERSE SHOCK IN GRB 160509A." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624020.

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We present the second multi-frequency radio detection of a reverse shock in a gamma-ray burst. By combining our extensive radio observations of the Fermi-Large Area Telescope gamma-ray burst 160509A at z - 1.17 up to 20 days after the burst with Swift X-ray observations and ground-based optical and near-infrared data, we show that the afterglow emission comprises distinct reverse shock and forward shock contributions: the reverse shock emission dominates in the radio band at. less than or similar to 10 days, while the forward shock emission dominates in the X-ray, optical, and near-infrared bands. Through multi-wavelength modeling, we determine a circumburst density of n(0) approximate to 10(-3) cm(-3), supporting our previous suggestion that a low- density circumburst environment is conducive to the production of long-lasting reverse shock radiation in the radio band. We infer the presence of a large excess X-ray absorption column, N-H approximate to 1.5. x 10(22) cm(-2), and a high rest-frame optical extinction, A(V) approximate to 3.4 mag. We identify a jet break in the X-ray light curve at t(jet) approximate to 6 days, and thus derive a jet opening angle of theta(jet) approximate to 4 degrees, yielding a beaming-corrected kinetic energy and radiated gamma-ray energy of E-K approximate to 4 x 10(50) erg and E-gamma approximate to 1.3 x 10(51) erg ( 1-10(4) keV, rest frame), respectively. Consistency arguments connecting the forward shocks and reverse shocks suggest a deceleration time of t(dec) approximate to 460 s approximate to T-90, a Lorentz factor of Gamma( t(dec)) approximate to 330, and a reverse-shock-to-forward-shock fractional magnetic energy density ratio of R-B equivalent to is an element of(B, RS)/is an element of(B, FS) approximate to 8. Our study highlights the power of rapid-response radio observations in the study of the properties and dynamics of gamma-ray burst ejecta.
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Books on the topic "Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs)"

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Katz, Jonathan I. Radio optical emission, spectral shapes and breaks in GRB. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Katz, Jonathan I. Radio and optical emission, spectral shapes and breaks in GRB. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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McEnery, J. E. (Julie E.), Racusin, J. L. (Judy L.), and Gehrels Neil, eds. Gamma ray bursts 2010: GRB 2010 : Annapolis, MD, USA, 1-4 November 2010. Melville, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 2011.

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Gamma-ray bursts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Götz, Diego, Maurizio Falanga, Zigao Dai, Emeric Le Floc'h, Nial Tanvir, and Bing Zhang, eds. Gamma-Ray Bursts. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1279-6.

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Kouveliotou, Chryssa, Ralph A. M. J. Wijers, and Stan Woosley, eds. Gamma-Ray Bursts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511980336.

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Vedrenne, Gilbert, and Jean-Luc Atteia. Gamma-Ray Bursts. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39088-6.

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Bloom, Joshua S. What are gamma-ray bursts? Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.

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P, Liang E., Petrosian Vahe, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics., and Stanford University. Center for Space Science and Astrophysics., eds. Gamma-ray bursts, Stanford, California, 1984. New York: American Institute of Physics, 1986.

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1947-, Paciesas William Simon, Fishman Gerald J, and American Institute of Physics, eds. Gamma-ray bursts: Huntsville, AL 1991. New York: American Institute of Physics, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs)"

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Petitjean, Patrick, F. Y. Wang, X. F. Wu, and J. J. Wei. "GRBs and Fundamental Physics." In Gamma-Ray Bursts, 197–236. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1279-6_9.

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Cucchiara, Antonino, Tonomori Totani, and Nial Tanvir. "GRBs as Probes of the IGM." In Gamma-Ray Bursts, 145–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1279-6_6.

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Zhang, Bing, Hou-Jun Lü, and En-Wei Liang. "GRB Observational Properties." In Gamma-Ray Bursts, 5–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1279-6_2.

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Mazets, E. P., R. L. Aptekar, P. S. Butterworth, T. L. Cline, D. D. Frederiks, S. V. Golenetskii, V. N. Il’inskii, and V. D. Pal’shin. "On the Fast Spectral Variability of GRBs." In Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, 9–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10853853_2.

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Wijers, Ralph A. M. J. "Strange Afterglows from Embedded GRBs: Reconciling Hypernovae with Slow Decays." In Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, 306–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10853853_81.

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Björnsson, G., J. Hjorth, P. Jakobsson, L. Christensen, E. J. Lindfors, and S. Holland. "The Jet and the Supernova in GRB 990712." In Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, 157–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10853853_41.

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Speziali, R., F. D’Alessio, L. A. Antonelli, A. Di Paola, L. Burderi, F. Fiore, G. Israel, et al. "IR and Optical Observations of GRB from Campo Imperatore." In Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, 424–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10853853_117.

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Masetti, Nicola. "The GRB Followup Euro-US Consortium: Results from the ESO Telescopes." In Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, 127–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10853853_32.

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Derishev, E. V., V. V. Kocharovsky, Vl V. Kocharovsky, and P. Mészáros. "GRB Synchrotron-Self-Compton Emission Generated by Self-Consistent Electron Distribution." In Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, 327–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10853853_87.

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Levan, Andrew. "GRBs as Cosmological Probes." In Gamma-Ray Bursts. IOP Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2514-3433/aae164ch7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs)"

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Nemiroff, R. J., G. F. Marani, J. P. Norris, and J. T. Bonnell. "Cosmology with GRBs." In GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. ASCE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55294.

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Winkler, Christoph. "Observing GRBs with INTEGRAL." In GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. ASCE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55413.

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Colgate, Stirling A., and Hui Li. "The galactic model of GRBs." In GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. ASCE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55437.

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Chernenko, A., M. S. Briggs, W. S. Paciesas, G. N. Pendleton, R. D. Preece, and C. A. Meegan. "Investigation of emission components in GRBs." In GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. ASCE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55337.

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Castellina, A., P. L. Ghia, C. Morello, G. Trinchero, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, G. Navarra, et al. "Search for GeV GRBs at Chacaltaya." In GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. ASCE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55419.

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Sumner, M. C., and E. E. Fenimore. "Variability in shell models of GRBs." In GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. ASCE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55435.

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Hurley, Kevin J., Brian McBreen, Fergus Quilligan, Matt Delaney, and Lorraine Hanlon. "Wavelet analysis and lognormal distributions in GRBs." In GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. ASCE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55319.

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Balsano, R. J., S. E. Thorsett, W. A. Coles, B. J. Rickett, P. S. Ray, S. Barthelmy, P. Butterworth, T. Cline, and N. Gehrels. "FLIRT update: Rapid radio observations of GRBs." In GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. ASCE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55382.

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Hudec, René, Zdeněk Ceplecha, Pavel Spurný, Jan Florián, Aleš Kovář, Jaroslav Boček, and Jiřı́ Borovička. "EN: Real-time optical data for GRBs." In GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. ASCE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55457.

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Hartmann, D. H. "Observing GRBs with EXIST." In GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY: Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1810933.

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Reports on the topic "Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs)"

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Fenimore, E., R. Epstein, C. Ho, and J. Intzand. Cosmological gamma-ray bursts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/212549.

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Desmond, Hugh. Afterglow Radiation from Gamma Ray Bursts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890774.

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Share, G. H., W. N. Johnson, R. L. Kinzer, R. A. Kroeger, J. D. Kurfess, R. J. Murphy, M. S. Strickman, et al. OSSE Observations of Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada464520.

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Chen, Pisin. On The Prompt Signals of Gamma Ray Bursts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/787224.

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Chapline, G., and D. I. Santiago. Gamma Ray Bursts from a Quantum Critical Surface. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15003386.

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Hazi, A. Gamma-Ray Bursts Shower the Universe with Metals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/883619.

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Park, H. S., R. A. Porrata, R. M. Bionta, and G. G. Williams. Search for simultaneous optical counterparts of gamma-ray bursts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15005097.

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Baltz, E. Microlensing of Gamma Ray Bursts by Stars and Machos. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826604.

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Chapline, G., C. Hagmann, P. Kerr, N. Snyderman, and R. Wurtz. Cosmic Ray induced Neutron and Gamma-Ray bursts in a Lead Pile. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/908901.

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Woosley, Stan. Computational Astrophysics Consortium 3 - Supernovae, Gamma-Ray Bursts and Nucleosynthesis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1150840.

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