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Journal articles on the topic 'Gamma Ray Burst (GRB)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

ZHANG, BING. "GAMMA-RAY BURST PROMPT EMISSION." International Journal of Modern Physics D 23, no. 02 (2014): 1430002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181430002x.

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The origin of gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission, bursts of γ-rays lasting from shorter than one second to thousands of seconds, remains not fully understood after more than 40 years of observations. The uncertainties lie in several open questions in the GRB physics, including jet composition, energy dissipation mechanism, particle acceleration mechanism and radiation mechanism. Recent broad-band observations of prompt emission with Fermi sharpen the debates in these areas, which stimulated intense theoretical investigations invoking very different ideas. I will review these debates, and ar

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Burns, Eric, Dmitry Svinkin, Edward Fenimore, et al. "GRB 221009A: The BOAT." Astrophysical Journal Letters 946, no. 1 (2023): L31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc39c.

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Abstract GRB 221009A has been referred to as the brightest of all time (BOAT). We investigate the veracity of this statement by comparing it with a half century of prompt gamma-ray burst observations. This burst is the brightest ever detected by the measures of peak flux and fluence. Unexpectedly, GRB 221009A has the highest isotropic-equivalent total energy ever identified, while the peak luminosity is at the ∼99th percentile of the known distribution. We explore how such a burst can be powered and discuss potential implications for ultralong and high-redshift gamma-ray bursts. By geometric e

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Ioka, Kunihito, Yudai Suwa, Hiroki Nagakura, Rafael S. de Souza, and Naoki Yoshida. "Population III Gamma-Ray Burst." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S279 (2011): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312013099.

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AbstractGamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are unique probes of the first generation (Pop III) stars. We show that a relativistic gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet can potentially pierce the envelope of a very massive Pop III star even if the Pop III star has a supergiant hydrogen envelope without mass loss, thanks to the long-lived powerful accretion of the envelope itself. While the Pop III GRB is estimated to be energetic (Eγ,iso ~ 1055 erg), the supergiant envelope hides the initial bright phase in the cocoon component, leading to a GRB with a long duration ~1000 (1 + z) s and an ordinary isotropic luminosit

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Wang, Yun, Lu-Yao Jiang, and Jia Ren. "GRB 201104A: A “Repetitive” Short Gamma-Ray Burst?" Astrophysical Journal 935, no. 2 (2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac82ec.

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Abstract Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are divided into short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) and long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) based on the bimodal distribution of their durations. LGRBs and SGRBs are typically characterized by different statistical characteristics. Nevertheless, there are some samples that challenge such a framework, such as GRB 060614, a long-duration burst with short-burst characteristics. Furthermore, GRBs are generally considered to be an event with no periodic or repetitive behavior, since the progenitors usually undergo destructive events, such as massive explosions or binary compa

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Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S. "Physical Restrictions to Cosmological Gamma-Ray Burst Models." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 192 (2005): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100009581.

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SummaryThe present common view about GRB origin is related to cosmology, and is based on statistical analysis, and on measurements of the redshifts in the GRB optical afterglows of long GRB. No correlation is found between redshifts, GRB spectrum, and total GRB fluence. Comparison of KONUS and BATSE data about statistics and hard X-ray lines is done, and some differences are noted. Hard gamma-ray afterglows, prompt optical spectra, hard X-ray lines, polarization measurements could be very important for farther insight into GRB origin. Possible connection of short GRB with soft gamma repeaters

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Řípa, Jakub, and Arman Shafieloo. "Update on testing the isotropy of the properties of gamma-ray bursts." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 486, no. 3 (2019): 3027–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz921.

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Abstract Previously, we proposed a novel method to inspect the isotropy of the properties of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), such as their duration, fluences and peak fluxes at various energy bands and different time-scales, complementary to existing studies of the spatial distribution of GRBs by other authors. The method was then applied to the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) Burst Catalog containing 1591 GRBs. Except for one particular direction where we noticed some hints of violation from statistical isotropy, the rest of the data showed consistency with isotropy. In this work, we apply our m

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King, Andrew. "Gamma-ray burst models." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 365, no. 1854 (2007): 1277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1978.

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I consider various possibilities for making gamma-ray bursts, particularly from close binaries. In addition to the much-studied neutron star+neutron star and black hole+neutron star cases usually considered good candidates for short-duration bursts, there are also other possibilities. In particular, neutron star+massive white dwarf has several desirable features. These systems are likely to produce long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), in some cases definitely without an accompanying supernova, as observed recently. This class of burst would have a strong correlation with star formation and o

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Huang, Y. F., T. Lu, Z. G. Dai, and K. S. Cheng. "Beaming Effects in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 214 (2003): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900194653.

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Based on a refined dynamical model, afterglows from jetted γ-ray burst (GRB) remnants are investigated numerically. Measuring of GRB beaming by using orphan afterglow surveys is addressed. The possible existence of a kind of cylindrical jets is also discussed.

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Ivy Wang, Xiangyu, Bin-Bin Zhang, and Wei-Hua Lei. "GRB 200826A: A Precursor of a Long Gamma-Ray Burst with Missing Main Emission." Astrophysical Journal Letters 931, no. 1 (2022): L2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6c7e.

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Abstract The recently discovered peculiar gamma-ray burst GRB 200826A poses a dilemma for the collapsar model. Although all other characteristics of the burst are consistent with it being a Type II (i.e., collapse of a massive star) event, the observed duration of the event is only approximately 1 s, which is at odds with the predicted allowable timescale range for a collapsar event. To resolve this dilemma, this Letter proposes that the original burst could be an intrinsically long GRB comprising a precursor and a main emission phase. However, the main emission phase is missed due to either p

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Murase, Kohta, Mainak Mukhopadhyay, Ali Kheirandish, Shigeo S. Kimura, and Ke Fang. "Neutrinos from the Brightest Gamma-Ray Burst?" Astrophysical Journal Letters 941, no. 1 (2022): L10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aca3ae.

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Abstract We discuss implications that can be obtained by searches for neutrinos from the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB), GRB 221009A. We derive constraints on GRB model parameters such as the cosmic-ray loading factor and dissipation radius, taking into account both neutrino spectra and effective areas. The results are strong enough to constrain proton acceleration near the photosphere, and we find that the single burst limits are comparable to those from stacking analysis. Quasi-thermal neutrinos from subphotospheres and ultra-high-energy neutrinos from external shocks are not yet constraine

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11

Ciolfi, Riccardo. "Short gamma-ray burst central engines." International Journal of Modern Physics D 27, no. 13 (2018): 1842004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181842004x.

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Growing evidence connects the progenitor systems of the short-hard subclass of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) to the merger of compact object binaries composed of two neutron stars (NSs) or of an NS and a black hole (BH). The recent observation of the binary NS (BNS) merger event GW170817 associated with GRB 170817A brought a great deal of additional information and provided further support to the above connection, even though the identification of this burst as a canonical short GRB (SGRB) remains uncertain. Decades of observational constraints and theoretical models consolidated the idea of a jet o

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Huang, Yi-Yun, Hai-Ming Zhang, Kai Yan, Ruo-Yu Liu, and Xiang-Yu Wang. "Detection of GeV Emission from an Ultralong Gamma-Ray Burst with the Fermi Large Area Telescope." Astrophysical Journal Letters 940, no. 2 (2022): L36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aca147.

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Abstract GRB 220627A, detected by Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), shows two episodes of gamma-ray emission, which are separated by a ∼700 s long quiescent phase. Due to similar temporal shapes and spectra in the two episodes, GRB 220627A is speculated to be a gravitationally lensed gamma-ray burst (GRB). We analyze Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data and find that about 49 gamma-ray photons above 100 MeV come from the GRB during the first episode, while there are no photons above 100 MeV in the second episode. Based on the broadband spectral study of the two episodes, the gravitationall

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GEHRELS, N., and J. K. CANNIZZO. "GAMMA-RAY BURSTS — OBSERVATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 19, no. 06 (2010): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181001710x.

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We are in an exciting period of discovery for gamma-ray bursts. The Swift observatory is detecting 100 bursts per year, providing arcsecond localizations and sensitive observations of the prompt and afterglow emission. The Fermi observatory is observing 250 bursts per year with its medium-energy GRB instrument and about 10 bursts per year with its high-energy LAT instrument. In addition, rapid-response telescopes on the ground are providing new capabilities to study optical emission during the prompt phase and spectral signatures of the host galaxies. The combined data set is enabling great ad

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Watson, D., J. P. U. Fynbo, C. C. Thöne, and J. Sollerman. "No supernovae detected in two long-duration gamma-ray bursts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 365, no. 1854 (2007): 1269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1994.

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There is strong evidence that long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are produced during the collapse of a massive star. In the standard version of the collapsar model, a broad-lined and luminous Type Ic core-collapse supernova (SN) accompanies the GRB. This association has been confirmed in observations of several nearby GRBs. Recent observations show that some long-duration GRBs are different. No SN emission accompanied the long-duration GRBs 060505 and 060614 down to limits fainter than any known Type Ic SN and hundreds of times fainter than the archetypal SN 1998bw that accompanied GRB 9804

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Chen, J. M., L. W. Jia, and E. W. Liang. "Statistical Properties of Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S292 (2012): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313001038.

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AbstractGRBs are the most luminous events in the Universe. They are detectable from local to high-z universe and may serve as probes for high-z galaxies (e.g., Savaglio et al. 2009; Kewley & Dopita 2002). We compile the observations for 61 GRB host galaxies from literature. Their redshifts range from 0.0085 to 6.295. We present the statistical properties of the GRB host galaxies, including the stellar mass (M*), star-forming rate (SFR), metallicity (Z), extinction (AV), and neutral hydrogen column density (NH). We explore possible correlations among the properties of gamma-ray burst host g

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Agapitov, O. V., M. Balikhin, A. J. Hull, Y. Hobara, V. Angelopoulos, and F. S. Mozer. "First Detection of the Powerful Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 221009A by the THEMIS ESA and SST Particle Detectors on 2022 October 9." Astrophysical Journal Letters 948, no. 2 (2023): L21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/accfa0.

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Abstract We present the first results study of the effects of the powerful gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A that occurred on 2022 October 9, and was serendipitously recorded by electron and proton detectors on board the four spacecraft of the NASA THEMIS mission. Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are powerful cosmic explosions, signaling the death of massive stars, and, among them, GRB 221009A is so far the brightest burst ever observed due to its enormous energy (E γ iso ≈ 1055 erg) and proximity (the redshift is z ≈ 0.1505). The THEMIS mission launched in 2008 was designed to study the plasma

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Salafia, Om Sharan, and Giancarlo Ghirlanda. "The Structure of Gamma Ray Burst Jets." Galaxies 10, no. 5 (2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies10050093.

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Due to relativistic bulk motion, the structure and orientation of gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets have a fundamental role in determining how they appear. The recent discovery of the GW170817 binary neutron star merger and the associated GRB boosted the interest in the modeling and search for signatures of the presence of a (possibly quasi-universal) jet structure in long and short GRBs. In this review, following a pedagogical approach, we summarize the history of GRB jet structure research over the last two decades, from the inception of the idea of a universal jet structure to the current understa

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Michałowski, Michał J., A. Karska, J. R. Rizzo, et al. "Molecular gas masses of gamma-ray burst host galaxies." Astronomy & Astrophysics 617 (September 2018): A143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833250.

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Context. Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can potentially be used as a tool to study star formation and recent gas accretion onto galaxies. However, the information about gas properties of GRB hosts is scarce. In particular, very few carbon monoxide (CO) line detections of individual GRB hosts have been reported. It has also been suggested that GRB hosts have lower molecular gas masses than expected from their star formation rates (SFRs). Aims. The objectives of this paper are to analyse molecular gas properties of the first substantial sample of GRB hosts and test whether they are deficient in mo

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Hjorth, Jens. "The supernova–gamma-ray burst–jet connection." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1992 (2013): 20120275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0275.

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The observed association between supernovae and gamma-ray bursts represents a cornerstone in our understanding of the nature of gamma-ray bursts. The collapsar model provides a theoretical framework for this connection. A key element is the launch of a bipolar jet (seen as a gamma-ray burst). The resulting hot cocoon disrupts the star, whereas the 56 Ni produced gives rise to radioactive heating of the ejecta, seen as a supernova. In this discussion paper, I summarize the observational status of the supernova–gamma-ray burst connection in the context of the ‘engine’ picture of jet-driven super

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Song, Xin-Ying, Shao-Lin Xiong, Shuang-Nan Zhang, et al. "The First Insight-HXMT Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog: The First Four Years." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 259, no. 2 (2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac4d22.

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Abstract The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) is China’s first X-ray astronomy satellite. It was launched on 2017 June 15. The anticoincidence CsI detectors of the High Energy X-ray telescope (HE) on board Insight-HXMT could serve as an all-sky gamma-ray monitor in about 0.2–3 MeV. In its first four years of operation, Insight-HXMT has detected 322 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by the offline search pipeline, including blind search and targeted search. For the GOLDEN sample of Insight-HXMT GRBs, joint analyses were performed with other GRB missions, including the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst

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Wang, Yun, Tian-Ci Zheng, and Zhi-Ping Jin. "GRB 220426A: A Thermal Radiation–Dominated Gamma-Ray Burst." Astrophysical Journal 940, no. 2 (2022): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca017.

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Abstract The physical composition of the ejecta of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) remains an open question. The radiation mechanism of the prompt gamma rays is also in debate. This problem can be solved for the bursts hosting distinct thermal radiation. However, the events with dominant thermal spectral components are still rare. In this work, we focus on GRB 220426A, a recent event detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. The time-resolved and time-integrated data analyses yield very hard low-energy spectral indices and rather soft high-energy spectral indices. This means that the spectra of G

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BARBIELLINI, G., F. LONGO, N. OMODEI, D. GIULIETTI, A. CELOTTI, and M. TAVANI. "STOCHASTIC WAKEFIELD PLASMA ACCELERATION IN GAMMA-RAY BURSTS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 03n04 (2007): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207042434.

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Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) prompt emission can, for specific conditions, be so powerful and short-pulsed to strongly influence any surrounding plasma. In this paper, we briefly discuss the possibility that a very intense initial burst of radiation produced by GRBs satisfy the intensity and temporal conditions to cause stochastic wake-field particle acceleration in a surrounding plasma of moderate density. We consider a simple but realistic GRB model for which particle wake-field acceleration can first be excited by a very strong low-energy precursor, and then be effective in producing the observed

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MÉSZÁROS, PETER. "THE PROMPT AND HIGH ENERGY EMISSION OF GAMMA RAY BURSTS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 18, no. 10 (2009): 1551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271809015540.

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I discuss some recent results on the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts, in particular the jet and radiation properties of the naked-eye burst GRB 080319b, based on Swift and related observations. I then discuss the recent observations by the Fermi satellite of GRB 080916C, the resulting constraints for the bulk Lorentz factor determinations, and the highest lower limit on the quantum gravity energy scale obtained so far.

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Rhodes, L., A. J. van der Horst, R. Fender, et al. "Radio afterglows of very high-energy gamma-ray bursts 190829A and 180720B." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 496, no. 3 (2020): 3326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1715.

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ABSTRACT We present high-cadence multifrequency radio observations of the long gamma-ray burst (GRB) 190829A, which was detected at photon energies above 100 GeV by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). Observations with the Meer Karoo Array Telescope (MeerKAT, 1.3 GHz) and Arcminute Microkelvin Imager – Large Array (AMI-LA, 15.5 GHz) began one day post-burst and lasted nearly 200 d. We used complementary data from Swift X-Ray Telescope (XRT), which ran to 100 d post-burst. We detected a likely forward shock component with both MeerKAT and XRT up to over 100 d post-burst. Conversely,

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Piro, L. "Discovery of X-Ray Counterparts to Gamma Ray Bursts by BeppoSAX." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 188 (1998): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900114676.

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The nature of Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) has been the object of many investigations but their origin has remained a mistery primarily for the difficulties in finding a counterpart. This difficulty derived from the intrinsically poor positioning capability of available GRB detectors.

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Wang, Hao-Bing, and Mi-Xiang Lan. "Rotation of Polarization Angle in Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Phase." Astrophysical Journal 946, no. 1 (2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acba0c.

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Abstract The rotations of the polarization angle (PA) with time (energy) can lead to the depolarization of the time-integrated (energy-integrated) polarization. However, we do not know how and when it will rotate. Here, we consider a magnetic reconnection model to investigate the polarizations, especially the PA rotations of gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission. For a large-scale ordered aligned magnetic field configuration, we find that within T 50 PAs will rotate with time (energy) for slight off-axis observations. Our studies show that the rotations of the PAs are due to changes in the obs

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CLINE, DAVID B. "GAMMA RAY BURSTS AND PARTICLE PHYSICS." Modern Physics Letters A 10, no. 38 (1995): 2897–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395003033.

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We provide a brief review of the current situation concerning gamma ray bursts, with emphasis on the role that particle physics may play in the interesting phenomena. The current understanding of GRB origins allows for a large range of physical processes from primordial black hole evaporation to neutron star and black hole collisions. There does not seem to be a simple standard luminosity function and the burst times range from ms to 1000 s of seconds five orders of magnitude. It is likely that some type of fireball model is needed to explain the GRBs. No counterparts of GRB have been detected

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Ackermann, M., M. Ajello, K. Asano, et al. "Fermi-LAT Observations of the Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 130427A." Science 343, no. 6166 (2013): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1242353.

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The observations of the exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A by the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope provide constraints on the nature of these unique astrophysical sources. GRB 130427A had the largest fluence, highest-energy photon (95 GeV), longest γ-ray duration (20 hours), and one of the largest isotropic energy releases ever observed from a GRB. Temporal and spectral analyses of GRB 130427A challenge the widely accepted model that the nonthermal high-energy emission in the afterglow phase of GRBs is synchrotron emission radiated by electrons ac

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Jordana-Mitjans, N., C. G. Mundell, C. Guidorzi, et al. "A Short Gamma-Ray Burst from a Protomagnetar Remnant." Astrophysical Journal 939, no. 2 (2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac972b.

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Abstract The contemporaneous detection of gravitational waves and gamma rays from GW170817/GRB 170817A, followed by kilonova emission a day after, confirmed compact binary neutron star mergers as progenitors of short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and cosmic sources of heavy r-process nuclei. However, the nature (and life span) of the merger remnant and the energy reservoir powering these bright gamma-ray flashes remains debated, while the first minutes after the merger are unexplored at optical wavelengths. Here, we report the earliest discovery of bright thermal optical emission associated

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Urata, Yuji, Nobuyuki Kawai, Atsumasa Yoshida, Mitsuhiro Kohama, Tetsuya Kawabata, and Kazuya Ayani. "RIBOTS: An Automatic Telescope System for Gamma-Ray Burst Follow-Up Observations." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 183 (2001): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100078775.

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AbstractWe are constructing a fully automatic observation system named RIBOTS (RIken-Bisei Optical Transient Seeker). We aim to detect optical flashes and early afterglows of Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) with RIBOTS. We are constructing RIBOTS with a small telescope because a quick pointing to the burst is essential for our purpose. RIBOTS is linked to the GRB alert system provided by the HETE-2 satellite.

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Starling, Rhaana, Kim Page, and Martin Sparre. "The soft X-ray landscape of gamma-ray bursts: thermal components." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S279 (2011): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312012884.

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AbstractThe repository of GRB (gamma-ray burst) observations made by the Swift X-ray Telescope, now consisting of over 650 bursts, is a valuable and unique resource for the study of GRB X-ray emission. The observed soft X-ray spectrum typically arises from an underlying power law continuum, absorbed by gas along the line-of-sight. However, particularly at early times in a burst's evolution the continuum emission is not always understood and may comprise multiple components including thermal emission unexpected in the standard model. A thermal X-ray component has been discovered in two very unu

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DELLA VALLE, Massimo. "Supernovae and gamma-ray burst connection." Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions, Volume 33, Numéro 3 (December 15, 2022): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.7527.

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I review the status of the Supernova/Gamma-Ray Burst connection. Two decades of observations have established that long-duration Gamma-ray Bursts are associated with very energetic SNe-Ib/c. These SN explosions are produced by the gravitational collapse of Wolf–Rayet progenitors, with masses on the main sequence, between 30–50 $M{\odot}$. Current measurements provide a GRB/SNe-Ibc ratio in the range $\sim$0.02–1.5$\%$, so GRBs are very rare events, even when compared with the SN frequency. There is a minority fraction of long-duration GRBs with no accompanying SN that are likely produced durin

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Abe, S., S. Asami, A. Gando, et al. "A Search for Correlated Low-energy Electron Antineutrinos in KamLAND with Gamma-Ray Bursts." Astrophysical Journal 927, no. 1 (2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4e7e.

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Abstract We present the results of a time-coincident event search for low-energy electron antineutrinos in the KamLAND detector with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) from the Gamma-ray Coordinates Network and Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. Using a variable coincidence time window of ±500 s plus the duration of each GRB, no statistically significant excess above the background is observed. We place the world’s most stringent 90% confidence level upper limit on the electron antineutrino fluence below 17.5 MeV. Assuming a Fermi–Dirac neutrino energy spectrum from the GRB source, we use the available redsh

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Chrimes, A. A., A. J. Levan, E. R. Stanway, et al. "Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope observations of dark gamma-ray bursts and their host galaxies." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 486, no. 3 (2019): 3105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1039.

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Abstract We present a study of 21 dark gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies, predominantly using X-ray afterglows obtained with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory (CXO) to precisely locate the burst in deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of the burst region. The host galaxies are well-detected in F160W in all but one case and in F606W imaging in 60 per cent of cases. We measure magnitudes and perform a morphological analysis of each galaxy. The asymmetry, concentration, and ellipticity of the dark burst hosts are compared against the host galaxies of optically bright GRBs. In agreement with ot

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Lan, Guang-Xuan, Jun-Jie Wei, Ye Li, Hou-Dun Zeng, and Xue-Feng Wu. "The Stellar-mass Function of Long Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies." Astrophysical Journal 938, no. 2 (2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8fec.

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Abstract Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been discussed as a potential tool to probe the cosmic star formation rate (SFR) for a long time. Some studies found an enhancement in the GRB rate relative to the galaxy-inferred SFR at high redshifts, which indicates that GRBs may not be good tracers of star formation. However, in these studies, the GRB rate measured at any redshift is an average over all galaxies at that epoch. A deep understanding of the connection between GRB production and environment also needs to characterize the population of GRB host galaxies directly. Based on a complete sa

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Levan, Andrew. "Constraining gamma-ray burst progenitors." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S279 (2011): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312012756.

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AbstractThe past decade has seen great progress towards the unmasking of the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts, starting with the unambiguous detection of a supernova in the light of the long-GRB 030329 almost ten years ago, and the discovery of the first afterglows to short-GRBs in 2005. Here I review progress towards unveiling the progenitors of both long and short-duration GRBs. Furthermore, I examine the diverse broader population of GRBs and high energy transients, and suggest that a full consideration of this parameter space leads to the conclusion that additional progenitor models are lik

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Zhang, Hai-Ming, Yi-Yun Huang, Jian-He Zheng, Ruo-Yu Liu, and Xiang-Yu Wang. "Fermi-LAT Detection of a GeV Afterglow from a Compact Stellar Merger." Astrophysical Journal Letters 933, no. 1 (2022): L22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac7b23.

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Abstract It is usually thought that long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are associated with massive star core collapse, whereas short-duration GRBs are associated with mergers of compact stellar binaries. The discovery of a kilonova associated with a nearby (350 Mpc) long-duration GRB—GRB 211211A, however, indicates that the progenitor of this long-duration GRB is a compact object merger. Here we report the Fermi-LAT detection of gamma-ray (>100 MeV) afterglow emission from GRB 211211A, which lasts ∼20,000 s after the burst, the longest event for conventional short-duration GRBs ever dete

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Aloy, Miguel A. "The First Steps in the Life of a GRB." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 192 (2005): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110000957x.

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SummaryWe present some preliminary results of relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of post-neutron star merger disks as potential candidates for progenitors of short-lasting gamma-ray bursts. We discuss some of the generic conditions under which a gamma-ray burst can be initiated in this kind of progenitor and the main characteristics of the resulting outflow.

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BARSHAY, SAUL, and GEORG KREYERHOFF. "VERY HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS FROM SLOWLY DECAYING, MASSIVE DARK MATTER AS A SOURCE OF EXPLOSIVE ENERGY FOR GAMMA-RAY BURSTS." Modern Physics Letters A 18, no. 07 (2003): 477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732303009654.

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We consider a speculative model for gamma-ray bursts (GRB), which predicts that the total kinetic energy in the ejected matter is less than the total energy in the gamma rays. There is also secondary energy in X-rays, which are emitted contemporaneously with the gamma rays. The model suggests that bremsstrahlung and Compton up-scattering by very energetic electrons, are important processes for producing the observed burst radiation. The dynamics naturally allows for the possibility of a moderate degree of beaming of matter and radiation in some gamma-ray bursts. GRB are predicted to have an in

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Cano, Zach, Shan-Qin Wang, Zi-Gao Dai, and Xue-Feng Wu. "The Observer’s Guide to the Gamma-Ray Burst Supernova Connection." Advances in Astronomy 2017 (2017): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8929054.

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We present a detailed report of the connection between long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and their accompanying supernovae (SNe). The discussion presented here places emphasis on how observations, and the modelling of observations, have constrained what we know about GRB-SNe. We discuss their photometric and spectroscopic properties, their role as cosmological probes, including their measured luminosity–decline relationships, and how they can be used to measure the Hubble constant. We present a statistical summary of their bolometric properties and use this to determine the properties of t

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Beardmore, A. P., K. L. Page, P. T. O'Brien, et al. "The Swift gamma-ray burst GRB 050422." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 374, no. 4 (2007): 1473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11249.x.

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Götz, D., S. Covino, A. Fernández-Soto, P. Laurent, and Ž. Bošnjak. "The polarized gamma-ray burst GRB 061122." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 431, no. 4 (2013): 3550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt439.

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Dainotti, M. G., R. Del Vecchio, and M. Tarnopolski. "Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Correlations." Advances in Astronomy 2018 (2018): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4969503.

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The mechanism responsible for the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still a debated issue. The prompt phase-related GRB correlations can allow discriminating among the most plausible theoretical models explaining this emission. We present an overview of the observational two-parameter correlations, their physical interpretations, and their use as redshift estimators and possibly as cosmological tools. The nowadays challenge is to make GRBs, the farthest stellar-scaled objects observed (up to redshift z=9.4), standard candles through well established and robust correlations. However

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van Eerten, Hendrik. "Gamma-ray burst afterglow blast waves." International Journal of Modern Physics D 27, no. 13 (2018): 1842002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271818420026.

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The various stages of baryonic gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow blast waves are reviewed. These are responsible for the afterglow emission from which much of our understanding of gamma-ray bursts derives. Initially, the blast waves are confined to the dense medium surrounding the burster (stellar envelope or dense wind), giving rise to a jet-cocoon structure. A massive ejecta is released and potentially fed by ongoing energy release from the burster and a forward–reverse shock system is set up between ejecta and ambient density. Ultimately the blast wave spreads sideways and slows down, and the

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Williams, Maia A., Jamie A. Kennea, S. Dichiara, et al. "GRB 221009A: Discovery of an Exceptionally Rare Nearby and Energetic Gamma-Ray Burst." Astrophysical Journal Letters 946, no. 1 (2023): L24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbcd1.

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Abstract We report the discovery of the unusually bright long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB), GRB 221009A, as observed by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift), Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image, and Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer Mission. This energetic GRB was located relatively nearby (z = 0.151), allowing for sustained observations of the afterglow. The large X-ray luminosity and low Galactic latitude (b = 4.°3) make GRB 221009A a powerful probe of dust in the Milky Way. Using echo tomography, we map the line-of-sight dust distribution and find evidence for significant column

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Panaitescu, A. D., and W. T. Vestrand. "Properties of the Prompt Optical Counterpart Arising from the Cooling of Electrons in Gamma-Ray Bursts." Astrophysical Journal 938, no. 2 (2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac9315.

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Abstract This work extends a contemporaneous effort to study the properties of the lower-energy counterpart synchrotron emission produced by the cooling of relativistic gamma-ray burst (GRB) electrons through radiation (synchrotron and self-Compton) emission and adiabatic losses. We derive the major characteristics (pulse duration, lag time after burst, and brightness relative to the burst) of the prompt optical counterpart (POC) occurring during or after the GRB. Depending on the magnetic field lifetime, duration of electron injection, and electron transit time Δt o from hard X-ray (GRB) to o

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HORVATH, J. E. "DETECTABILITY OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVE BURSTS FROM A CLASS OF NEUTRON STAR STARQUAKE GRB MODELS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 05, no. 01 (1996): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271896000047.

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A large class of gamma-ray burst (GRB) models (overwhelming until recently) involve-the release of energy in a neutron star quake. Even though the extreme isotropy of the GRB sky established by the BATSE experiment has now shifted the interest to cosmological models, the former starquake scenarios are still attractive and may naturally produce a gravitational wave burst which carries most of the released energy. We discuss the prospects for detection of these high-frequency bursts by the forthcoming interferometers and spheroidal antennas, emphasizing the most recent results on the distributio

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Zhang, K., Z. B. Zhang, Y. F. Huang, et al. "How are gamma-ray burst radio afterglows populated?" Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, no. 3 (2021): 3262–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab465.

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ABSTRACT We systematically analyse two GRB samples with radio-loud and radio-quiet afterglows, respectively. It is interestingly found that the radio-selected GRB samples exhibit a clear dichotomy in terms of their distributions of intrinsic durations (Tint), isotropic energies in γ-rays (Eγ, iso), the circum-burst medium density (n), the spectral radio peak luminosity (Lν, p) and flux densities (Fhost) of host galaxies. On average, the values of Tint, Eγ, iso, n, Lν, p, and Fhost of radio-quiet GRBs are relatively smaller than those of radio-loud ones. However, the redshifts and host flux den

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ZHANG, BING, and PETER MÉSZÁROS. "GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: PROGRESS, PROBLEMS & PROSPECTS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, no. 15 (2004): 2385–472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0401746x.

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The cosmological gamma-ray burst (GRB) phenomenon is reviewed. The broad observational facts and empirical phenomenological relations of the GRB prompt emission and afterglow are outlined. A well-tested, successful fireball shock model is introduced in a pedagogical manner. Several important uncertainties in the current understanding of the phenomenon are reviewed, and prospects of how future experiments and extensive observational and theoretical efforts may address these problems are discussed.

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Shrestha, M., I. A. Steele, S. Kobayashi, et al. "GRB 210619B: First Gamma-Ray Burst Detection by the Novel Polarimeter MOPTOP." Research Notes of the AAS 7, no. 6 (2023): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/acdb64.

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Abstract GRB 210619B was a bright long gamma-ray burst (GRB) which was optically followed up by the novel polarimeter MOPTOP on the Liverpool Telescope. This was the first GRB detection by the instrument since it began science observations. MOPTOP started observing the GRB 1388 s after the Swift Burst Alert Telescope trigger. The R band light-curve decays following a broken power law with a break time of 2948 s after the trigger. The decay index values are α 1 = 0.84 ± 0.03 (pre-break) and α 2 = 0.54 ± 0.02 (post-break), indicating that the observation was most probably during the forward shoc

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