Academic literature on the topic 'Gamma-lactones'

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Journal articles on the topic "Gamma-lactones"

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Reinecke, Manfred G., Lao-Jer Chen, Lauri H. J. Lajunen, Anna V. Luzikova, Jon Brunvoll, Odd Gropen, Michael Greune, Johann Weidlein, Ahmad Nasiri, and Yoshito Okada. "Fluoroalkyl Thieno- and Benzo-Fused gamma-Lactones." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 47 (1993): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.47-0318.

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NISHIDA, Yoshihiro, Masao KONNO, Yuko FUKUSHIMA, Hiroshi OHRUI, and Hiroshi MEGURO. "13C-NMR studies on marmelo lactones and related 2,4-di-alkylated .GAMMA.-lactones." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 50, no. 1 (1986): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.50.191.

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Bloch, R., and L. Gilbert. "Synthesis of both enantiomers of .gamma.-substituted .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated .gamma.-lactones." Journal of Organic Chemistry 52, no. 20 (October 1987): 4603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00229a031.

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SARRIS, Jean, and Alain LATRASSE. "Production of odoriferous .GAMMA. lactones by Fusarium poae." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 49, no. 11 (1985): 3227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.49.3227.

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Xiong, Heping, and Reuben D. Rieke. "Synthesis of spiro .gamma.-lactones from conjugated dienes." Journal of Organic Chemistry 57, no. 26 (December 1992): 7007–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00052a004.

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Lafont, Olivier, Christian Cave, Sabine Menager, Bernard Lambrey, and Marcel Miocque. "Passage of allophanoyl-gamma-lactones through the kidney." European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 13, no. 2 (April 1988): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03191307.

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ZHANG, ZHI QIANG, RAYMOND KWOK KEI CHOW, HONG WEI ZHOU, JIE LIANG LI, and HON-YEUNG CHEUNG. "AN AB INITIO STUDY ON THE STRUCTURE–CYTOTOXICITY RELATIONSHIP OF TERPENOID LACTONES BASED ON THE MICHAEL REACTION BETWEEN THEIR PHARMACOPHORES AND L-CYSTEINE-METHYLESTER-1." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 07, no. 03 (June 2008): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633608003794.

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The cytotoxic effects of terpenoid lactones are attributed to the alkylation of biological nucleophiles, especially sulfhydryl groups in proteins, by the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety of lactones through Michael reaction. Therefore, the cytotoxicity could be reflected by the reactivity of the pharmacophores. In this work, the Michael reaction between 12 α,β-unsaturated-carbonyl-containing small species, i.e. 10 analogues of the alpha methylene gamma butyrolactone moiety of andrographolide, one cyclopentenone, and one methylene–pentanolide, and L-cysteine-methylester-1 were investigated by ab initio methods to mimic the alkylation of proteins by terpenoid lactones. The trend in the calculated reaction free energies of the small species is qualitatively in accordance with the reported cytotoxicity of corresponding terpenoid lactones.
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Iwasa, Seiji, Makoto Yamamoto, Shigeo Kohmoto, and Kazutoshi Yamada. "Tandem radical cyclization of acyclic homoallylic xanthates: cyclopentannulated .gamma.-thionolactone and .gamma.-lactones." Journal of Organic Chemistry 56, no. 8 (April 1991): 2849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00008a048.

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SHIMOTORI, Yasutaka, and Tetsuo MIYAKOSHI. "Synthesis of Optically Active .GAMMA.-Lactones with Lipase Catalyst." Journal of Oleo Science 55, no. 12 (2006): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos.55.629.

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del Rosario-Chow, Michelle, Jiraporn Ungwitayatorn, and Bruce L. Currie. "Manganic acetate mediated transformation of enol-ethers into gamma-lactones." Tetrahedron Letters 32, no. 8 (February 1991): 1011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)74474-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gamma-lactones"

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Arasa, Bertomeu Mª Mercè. "Nous termoestables epoxídics modificats amb gamma-lactones i bis-gamma-lactones condensades." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9033.

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Aquest treball s'emmarca en el camp dels materials termoestables amb aplicacions en recobriments o encapsulants per microelectrònica i pretén l'obtenció de materials amb millor durabilitat i que després del temps d'ús puguin ser degradats i permetin la recuperació del material electrònic, el que constitueix una gran avantatja des del punt de vista mediambiental. L'estratègia escollida ha estat la copolimerització de diglicidilèter de bisfenol A (DGEBA) amb mono--lactones i bis--lactones utilitzant diversos triflats de terres rares i el BF3·MEA com iniciadors catiònics i varies amines terciàries com iniciadors aniònics. Aquesta estratègia permet la introducció de grups ester, tèrmica i químicament làbils i alhora reduir l'encongiment que es produeix durant el curat. La incorporació de cadenes alifàtiques, provinents de les lactones, entre punts d'entrecreuament augmenta la flexibilitat de la xarxa polimèrica i disminueix la fragilitat del material. La millora de les propietats mecàniques també va ser estudiada addicionant montmorillonites laminars.
This work focuses on the thermosetting materials area with applications in coatings or encapsulates for microelectronic devices and it seeks to obtain materials with better durability that after their working life, could be degraded and let the recuperation of the electronic material, which means a great advantage for the environment. The strategy followed has been the copolymerization of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with mono--lactones and condensed bis--lactones using several rare earth triflates and BF3·MEA as cationic initiators and several tertiary amines as anionic iniciators. This strategy lets the introduction of ester linkages, thermal and chemically cleavable and at the same time the reduction of the shrinkage which is produced during the curing process. The incorporation of aliphatic chains, that come from lactones, between cross-linking points increases the flexibility of the polymeric network and decreases the fragility of the material. The improvement of the mechanical properties also was studied adding layered montmorillonites.
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Harmange, Jean-Christophe. "Synthèse totale énantiosélective d'acétogénines d'Annonacées (gamma-lactones monotétrahydroguraniques)." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA114840.

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NYZAM, VALERIE. "Carboalkoxyallylation asymetrique appliquee a la synthese d'alpha-methylene gamma-lactones et gamma-lactames." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT2029.

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Ce memoire decrit la mise au point de reactions de carboalkoxyallylation applicables a la synthese stereoselective d'alpha-methylene gamma-lactones et gamma-lactames. Ces heterocycles entrent dans la composition d'un grand nombre de composes d'interet biologique (antitumoraux, antibiotiques, allergeniques, fongicides, etc). La premiere partie illustre une carboethoxyallylation diastereoselective par voie organozincique, entre un bromure de crotylzinc et une imine chirale. La performance de la reaction est liee a l'emploi d'une imine chelatante. Le substrat n-alpha-iminoester permet d'orienter totalement les regio et diastereoselectivites de la reaction. Apres clivage de l'auxiliaire chiral par une etape de reduction chimioselective, nous avons acces aux alpha-methylene gamma-lactames beta, gamma-disubstitues secondaires sous une forme enantiomeriquement pure. La deuxieme partie illustre la carboalkoxyallylation par voie organoboree. Nous decrivons la preparation de nouveaux allylboronates substitues en position deux par une fonction ester, realisee de facon originale grace a l'alkylation d'un vinylalane alpha-fonctionnel par un halogenomethylboronate. A partir des derives crotyliques, la reaction se revele diastereospecifique. Nous decrivons ensuite la synthese d'allylboronates beta-substitues optiquement actifs. La preparation successive des diols, des chloromethyl- et des allylboronates de natures diverses est decrite. Pour une reaction de carboalkoxyallylboration asymetrique le meilleur resultat a ete obtenu avec le pinanediol, sur la n-benzylidenemethylamine. Compte-tenu de la reactivite des alkoxycarbonylallyboronates vis a vis des aldehydes et des imines, ces resultats montrent que le groupement boronate ne permet pas d'orienter efficacement la selectivite. En tenant compte de la diversite de la nature des auxiliaires chiraux lies au bore, la version asymetrique s'avere prometteuse et une modification structurale de la copule devrait permettre une meilleure differenciation des deux faces enantiotopiques du substrat
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Sardan, Melis. "Chemoenzymatic Synthesis Of Enantiomerically Enriched Gamma And Delta Lactones." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612404/index.pdf.

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The major subject of this thesis is the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched gamma and delta lactones via Ring Closing Metathesis (RCM). Furan and thiophene substituted aldehydes were transformed to the corresponding heteroaryl substituted allylic and homoallylic alcohols by using vinyl and allylmagnesium bromide, respectively and then resultant racemic alcohols were resolved by hydrolase type enzymes (PSC-II, Lipozyme, CAL-B) with high enantiomeric excess values. Since the absolute configuration of alcohols were known, it was possible to determine the configuration of the synthesized compounds. After the enantiomeric enrichment of the alcohols, subsequent acylation with acryloyl and methacryloyl chloride afforded feasible diene system that was subjected to ring closing metathesis reaction 1st and 2nd generation Grubbs&rsquo
catalysts were used. These lactones were used to test their biological activities.
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Brown, Rachel Christine, and rcbrown@adam com au. "gamma-Lactones in wine: Synthesis, quantification and sensory studies." Flinders University. School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080226.234630.

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gamma-Lactones are found in a wide variety of food and beverage products, in particular grapes and wine. This thesis details the work completed on some gamma-lactones in wine: their synthetic preparation, development of quantification methodologies and sensory studies. Chapter 1 outlines the history of the Australian wine industry from the arrival of the first vines on the First Fleet in 1788 with Captain Arthur Philip. This chapter provides: an overview of Australia’s position in the world of grape and wine production; an analysis of the export arm of the industry; and a look at the different wine producing regions around the country. The latter part of the chapter focuses on the different volatile compounds found in wine. Part A: Chapter 2 provides an overview on the history of barrel manufacture and the use of oak wood in cooperage, with an emphasis on oak’s well known ability to impart desirable characteristics to wine through the extraction of volatile aroma compounds. This chapter provides a summary of these odorants with a particular emphasis on the oak lactones. Previous sensory studies and synthetic work are discussed. Of great importance to this work are the recent advancements in 1,2-dioxine chemistry, highlighted in this chapter. Chapter 3 details the synthetic work completed for the preparation of all four possible oak lactone stereoisomers. A suitably substituted racemic 1,2-dioxine featured as the common intermediate and enabled preparation of the gamma-lactone moiety upon reaction with a chiral malonate diester and separation of the diastereomers by column chromatography. A key step involved the decarboxylation of the ester cleaved gamma-lactone diastereomers, which could be directed to give either the cis- or trans-products. Standard chemical transformations were then utilised to produce the desired stereoisomers of oak lactone. Chapter 4 describes the results from the sensory studies that were completed on the synthetic oak lactone samples. Odour detection thresholds were measured in both a white and a red wine. The thresholds in the former medium were calculated to be 24 ug/L, 172 ug/L, 132 ug/L and 305 ug/L, while in the latter medium the thresholds were calculated to be 57 ug/L, 380 ug/L, 175 ug/L and 285 ug/L, for (4S,5S)-cis-, (4S,5R)-trans-, (4R,5R)-cis- and (4R,5S)-trans-oak lactone, respectively. Difference testings were completed on the pairs of enantiomers and also on mixtures of the nature-identical isomers: between the cis-enantiomers a significant difference was found at the 99% confidence level, while between the trans-enantiomers and also the mixtures of cis- and trans-isomers little difference was observed. Chapter 5 contains the experimental procedures for Part A. Part B: Chapter 6 discusses the sensory properties of some gamma- and delta-lactones, with the focus on a series of five-alkyl substituted gamma-lactones: gamma-octalactone, gamma-nonalactone, gamma-decalactone and gamma-dodecalactone. Topics covered in this chapter include chirality, biosynthetic pathways and quantification results in wine from previous studies for these gamma-lactones. Chapter 7 concerns the method development for the quantification of gamma-lactones in wine using a stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA). Deuterated analogues were prepared from commercially available racemic gamma-lactones for use as internal standards. Initially a head space solid-phase microextraction (HS SPME) method was developed using d5-standards; however, analysis of bottled wine samples revealed the presence of co-eluting compounds that contained several of the selected ions. Thus an alternative method was developed using d7-standards, with a specific focus on sample clean-up, via solid-phase extraction (SPE). Using this procedure, 44 white and 120 red wines were analysed for their gamma-lactone content. The lactones were found to be significantly more common in the red wines, with gamma-nonalactone the most abundant lactone in this series. Chapter 8 deals with the extension of the SIDA method, as developed in Chapter 7, for use with a chiral gas chromatography column. Optically pure standards were prepared, from either L- or D-glutamic acid, and used to determine the order of elution of the enantiomers. A method was developed for the quantification of the individual enantiomers of gamma-octalactone, gamma-nonalactone, gamma-decalactone and gamma-dodecalactone. The enantiomeric distribution of gamma-nonalactone was investigated in 34 red wines; the (R)-stereoisomer was found to be dominant with an average of 59%, although there were wines analysed that did contain the (S)-stereoisomer in greater amounts. Chapter 9 describes the results from the sensory studies that were completed on the individual enantiomers of the gamma-lactones. Odour detection thresholds were measured in a red wine. The thresholds were calculated to be 238 ug/L, 285 ug/L, 34 ug/L and 8 ug/L for the (R)-enantiomers, while the thresholds were calculated to be 135 ug/L, 91 ug/L, 47 ug/L and 39 ug/L for the (S)-enantiomers, of gamma-octalactone, gamma-nonalactone, gamma-decalactone and gamma-dodecalactone, respectively. Chapter 10 contains the experimental procedures for Part B. Chapter 11 contains the appendices, followed by the references in Chapter 12.
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LE, DORZE CATHERINE. "Obtention de gamma-lactones ethyleniques a partir d'acides cetoniques." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE4979.

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Ce memoire expose la formation des lactones ethyleniques a partir de deux precurseurs. Les premiers (des -cetoacides substitues en 3 par un groupement methyle), sont obtenus par addition photochimique de divers aldehydes a l'acide crotonique, en presence de benzophenone comme photosensibilisateur. Les seconds sont des -cetoacides (ou esters) -hydroxyles formes par condensation thermocatalysee de l'acide glyoxylique (ou de l'ester correspondant) avec differentes cetones. Cette derniere reaction, regioselective, conduit a un melange de regioisomeres et/ou de diastereoisomeres (syn ou anti) selon la nature de la cetone de depart. Les -cetoacides (ou 4-oxoacides) traites en milieu acide, conduisent a un melange de lactones , et ,-ethyleniques puis au seul isomere conjugue apres traitement a la triethylamine. Les seconds precurseurs, prealablement reduits par le borohydrure de sodium, forment un melange cis-trans de 5-alkyl-3-hydroxy butyrolactones avec des rapports diastereoisomeriques variables. La configuration relative de ces intermediaires a ete examinee a l'aide de la resonance magnetique nucleaire du proton. Nous avons formule des etats de transition possibles (en rapport avec les modeles de felkin-anh ou chelates) pour expliquer certaines stereoselectivites observees. Ces lactones peuvent etre converties en acides isotetroniques apres oxydation par le tetraacetate de plomb, bien que les rendements soient faibles. Par contre, leur transformation en lactones ethyleniques n'est pas directe et necessite une conversion en halogenolactones (-chloro puis -iodolactones) suivie d'une deshydrohalogenation. L'acces aux lactones ethyleniques optiquement actives a ete envisage, sans succes, a partir de la resolution cinetique par voie enzymatique d'une lactone ethylenique racemique. La reduction par la levure de boulanger de 2,4-dioxoesters conduit aux -hydroxy -cetoesters de configuration (r) avec des exces enantiomeriques appreciables, determines par chromatographie en phase gazeuse chirale. Cette derniere reaction a permis d'etablir la relation entre l'ordre d'elution et la configuration absolue des differents diastereoisomeres d'une -hydroxy -lactone. Enfin, la reduction du groupement cetonique d'un -hydroxy -cetoester au moyen de borohydrure de sodium modifie par des groupements chiraux ne conduit pas a une reaction enantioselective mais a pour effet d'inverser sa diastereoselectivite
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Bos, Maxence. "Synthèse de [gamma]-lactones polyfonctionnelles chirales par catalyse énantiosélective." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS017.

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La mise au point de méthodologies de synthèse permettant d’obtenir des substances énantiopures présentant une diversité structurale importante est une préoccupation majeure de la chimie contemporaine. L’efficacité de ces approches doit être désormais évaluée au regard de critères tel que la pureté optique et l’analyse de l’impact écologique des processus mis en jeu. Au cours de ce travail nous avons développé de nouvelles méthodologies permettant d’accéder à des γ-lactones polyfonctionnelles chirales. La 5-hydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one, petite molécule bio-sourcée, a servi d’élément clé pour la construction du cycle γ-lactone. Dans une première approche, des γ-lactones chirales possédant une grande diversité structurale ont été obtenues par une séquence réactionnelle « one pot ». Une première étape de catalyse organique a permis d’activer le transfert énantiosélectif d’acides boroniques sur la 5-hydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one ; l’adduit chiral obtenu a ensuite été engagé dans une réaction de Passerini pour construire le cycle lactone. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons mis au point des réactions d’alkylation de γ-lactones, catalytiques et énantiosélectives, pour la formation de γ-lactones possédant un centre quaternaire. L’utilisation de complexes du palladium et de l’iridium a permis d’effectuer des réactions d’Alkylation Allylique Asymétrique avec un très bon contrôle de l’induction asymétrique. Le squelette carboné des lactones obtenues par AAA a permis d’effectuer une fonctionnalisation inédite d’hétérocycles aromatiques par des réactions sigmatropiques [3,3]. Enfin des réactions d’alkylations énantiosélectives induites par un catalyseur organique ont été évaluées
The development of new synthetic pathway leading to enantiopure compounds with significant structural diversity is an ongoing challenge in many fields of chemistry. The efficiency of these processes has to be evaluated, not only in term of quantitative criteria, such as yields and/or optical purities of obtained compounds, but also by analyzing the environmental impact of the different processes involved. In this work, we sought to develop new methodologies for the synthesis of polyfunctional chiral γ-lactones. The 5-hydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one, a bio-based molecule, was used as a platform to the construction of the γ-lactone ring. In the first part of our work, a variety of chiral γ-lactone displaying a great structural diversity were obtained by a one-pot sequential reaction. First, a step of enantioselective organocatalysis allowed the activation for the transfer of boronic acids on the hydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one; then the chiral adduct formed was engaged in a Passerini reaction leading to the construction of the lactone ring. In a second part, our efforts focused then on the development of catalytic asymmetric alkylation reactions leading to the construction of γ-lactones bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter. Asymmetric allylic reactions were carried out with a very good control of the selectivity of the reaction by the use of palladium and iridium complexes catalysts. Theses lactones bearing an [1,5]-diene scaffold were then engaged in a sigmatropic [3,3] reaction opening a path for a new approach to the functionalization of aromatic heterocycles. Finally, the use of organic enantioselective catalysis was envisioned for the creation of all-quaternary stereocenters
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Lyng, Eric E. Bottiglieri Teodoro. "Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) : mechanisms of central nervous system toxicity /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4211.

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Lamarque, Laurent. "Synthèse de (gamma)-lactones induite par Mn(OAc)3 : étude de la diastéréosélective." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22096.

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L'addition de l'acide acetique et du monomethylmalonate de potassium sur des olefines en presence de mn(oac)#3, 2h#2o permet d'acceder a des gamma-lactones ou de alpha-carbomethoxy-gamma-lactones en une seule etape. Des olefines cycliques a six ou a huit chainons, lineaires et fonctionnalisees, ont ete utilisees pour ces reactions. Dans la plupart des cas, nous avons observe une excellente regioselectivite et une tres bonne diastereoselectivite. Nous avons precise un certain nombre d'elements concernant l'addition de l'acide acetique. Nous avons montre que l'oxygene moleculaire avait une influence sur cette reaction et qu'il est possible d'obtenir des gamma lactones hydroxylees en alpha a partir d'alpha carbomethoxy gamma lactones. Nous avons prepare des alpha methylene gamma lactones. Les reactions de carbomethoxylation et de decarbomethoxylation ont ete mises au point sur certaines gamma lactones. Enfin, nous avons etudie l'enantioselectivite de cette reaction a partir de malonates ou d'olefines portant un auxiliaire chiral. Les premiers resultats montrent que les gamma lactones ainsi formees sont obtenues avec un exces diastereoisomerique eleve
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Nacro, Kassoum. "Synthèse de gamma, delta-époxy-bêta-hydroxyesters : accès à des lactones et désoxysucres optiquement actifs." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30217.

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Les lactones hydroxylees optiquement actives sont des synthons importants intervenant dans differents produits naturels a activite biologique. Une methode de synthese stereoselective de ces composes a ete elaboree. Une mise au point bibliographique recente sur les lactones polyhydroxylees dcomme constituants des produits a activite biologique, les syntheses de 2,3-epoxyalcools par la methode de sharpless et de 2,3-epoxyaldehydes chiraux precurseurs sont decrites. Les caracteristiques spectroscopiques et la purete optique de ces composes sont precisees. L'addition diastereoselective du lithioacetate de tert-butyle sur les epoxyaldehydes donne des 4,5-epoxy-3-hydroxyesters. L'influence des conditions experimentales et de la nature de l'epoxyaldehyde (cis ou trans, longueur et lipophilie de la chaine aliphatique en c3) sur la diastereoselectivite de la reaction ont ete etudiees en detail grace, aux techniques spectroscopiques rmn et infrarouge, et a la modelisation moleculaire. Nous obtenons dans certains cas une diastereoselectivite de 99/1. Il a ete realise une etude approfondie de la reaction de cyclisation intramoleculaire des 4,5-epoxy-3-hydroxyesters qui, en presence de dichlorure de zinc conduisent aux lactones hydroxylees optiquement actives. Les resultats obtenus lors de l'ouverture regioselective et stereoselective de la fonction epoxyde, qui intervient pendant ce processus et depend des specificites de l'epoxyester de depart, sont discutes et analyses. Des butyrolactones et/ou des valerolactones peuvent etre obtenues selon le choix de l'epoxyester, les secondes sont converties en presence d'une base en butyrolactones. Cette reaction a ete suivie a l'aide de la rmn et la stereochimie de la reaction precisee grace a l'etude aux rayons x d'une butyrolactone. Dans le cas du nerol et du geraniol il est possible d'acceder a des lactones ethers dont le squelette intervient dans differents antibiotiques naturels. Les lactones que nous obtenons ont la configuration absolue des carbones asymetriques parfaitement controlee. Finalement certaines des butyrolactones ont ete transformees en desoxysucres
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Book chapters on the topic "Gamma-lactones"

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Fuganti, Claudio, Piero Grasselli, and Massimo Barbeni. "Biogeneration of Aromas: Gamma and Delta Lactones from C-6 to C-12." In Bioorganic Chemistry in Healthcare and Technology, 1–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1354-0_1.

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