Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gamma bond

Academic literature on the topic 'Gamma bond'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gamma bond"

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Gorman, C. B., and S. R. Marder. "An investigation of the interrelationships between linear and nonlinear polarizabilities and bond-length alternation in conjugated organic molecules." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 90, no. 23 (December 1, 1993): 11297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.23.11297.

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A computational method was devised to explore the relationship of charge separation, geometry, molecular dipole moment (mu), polarizability (alpha), and hyperpolariz-abilities (beta, gamma) in conjugated organic molecules. We show that bond-length alternation (the average difference in length between single and double bonds in the molecule) is a key structurally observable parameter that can be correlated with hyperpolarizabilities and is thus relevant to the optimization of molecules and materials. By using this method, the relationship of bond-length alternation, mu, alpha, beta, and gamma for linear conjugated molecules is illustrated, and those molecules with maximized alpha, beta, and gamma are described.
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Abaza, Engy Fahmy, Ahmed Abbas Zaki, Haytham Samir Moharram, Amal Alaa El Din El Batouti, and Asmaa Aly Yassen. "Influence of gamma radiation on microshear bond strength and nanoleakage of nanofilled restoratives in Er, Cr:YSGG laser-prepared cavities." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 03 (July 2018): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_305_17.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of gamma radiation on microshear bond strength and nanoleakage of nanofilled restoratives in laser-prepared cavities. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight flat buccal dentin surfaces were prepared for microshear bond strength test. Er, Cr:YSGG laser was used to prepare another 28 Class V cavities on the buccal surfaces of the molars. All teeth were divided into four groups; 1st group: Application of Filtek Z350 nanocomposite material, 2nd group: As the 1st group and then exposure to gamma radiation, 3rd group: Application of Ketac N100 nanoglass ionomer, and the 4th group: As the 3rd group and then gamma irradiated. The bond strength test was performed after storage in artificial saliva for 24 h. For the nanoleakage test, teeth were submerged in a solution of ammoniacal silver nitrate, sectioned, and then examined under a scanning electron microscope. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: Nanocomposite showed higher bond strength values than nanoglass ionomer. Despite the fact that gamma radiation did not decrease nanocomposite bond strength, it decreased nanoglass ionomer bond strength. Nanoglass ionomer-restored cavities showed higher silver ion penetration than nanocomposite in both control and gamma-irradiated groups. Conclusion: Gamma radiation has no effect on bond strength and nanoleakage of nanocomposite so that it can be placed before radiotherapy. On the other hand, the bond strength of nanoglass ionomer was adversely affected by gamma radiation.
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Chairunnnisa, Ubudia Hiliaily, Abdul Hoyyi, and Hasbi Yasin. "PEMODELAN TRANSFORMASI FAST-FOURIER PADA VALUASI OBLIGASI KORPORASI (Studi Kasus: PT. Bank Danamon Tbk, PT. Bank CIMB Niaga Tbk, dan PT. Bank UOB Indonesia Tbk)." Jurnal Gaussian 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/j.gauss.v10i1.30937.

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The basic assumption that is often used in bond valuations is the assumption on the Black-Scholes model. The practical assumption of the Black-Scholes model is the return of assets with normal distribution, but in reality there are many conditions where the return of assets of a company is not normally distributed and causing improperly developed bond valuation modeling. The Fast-Fourier Transform model (FFT) was developed as a solution to this problem. The Fast-Fourier Transformation Model is a Fourier transformation technique with high accuracy and is more effective because it uses characteristic functions. In this research, a modeling will be carried out to calculate bond valuations designed to take advantage of the computational power of the FFT. The characteristic function used is the Variance Gamma, which has the advantage of being able to capture data return behavior that is not normally distributed. The data used in this study are Sustainable Bonds I of Bank Danamon Phase I Year 2019 Series B, Sustainable Bonds II of Bank CIMB Niaga II Phase IV Year 2018 Series C, Sustainable Subordinated Bonds II of Bank UOB Indonesia Phase II 2019. The results obtained are FFT model using the Variance Gamma characteristic function gives more precise results for the return of assets with not normal distribution. Keywords: Bonds, Bond Valuation, Black-Scholes, Fast-Fourier Transform, Variance Gamma
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Janatova, J. "Detection of disulphide bonds and localization of interchain linkages in the third (C3) and the fourth (C4) components of human complement." Biochemical Journal 233, no. 3 (February 1, 1986): 819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2330819.

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Disulphide bonds contribute significantly to the maintenance of structural/functional integrity of many proteins. Therefore it was of interest to study the distribution and the effect of disulphides on conformation of complement components C3 and C4. These proteins are precursors of several fragments with various binding sites and distinct physiological functions. The constituents of C3c (beta, alpha 27, alpha 43) and those of C4c (beta, alpha 27, alpha 16, gamma) were investigated, since other fragments of C3 or C4 do not participate in interchain linkages. Inter-and intra-chain disulphide bonds in C3c and C4c were localized by using a modification of conventional SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate)/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis such that the change in mobility of disulphide-bond-containing proteins can be detected throughout the transition from a non-reduced to a fully reduced state. Several forms of the alpha 43 fragment from C3, and of the gamma-chain of C4, with different mobilities can exist, depending on the number of intra-chain disulphide bonds reduced. The intermediates (heterodimers) generated by a partial reduction of C3c or C4c were characterized by two-dimensional SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis performed in the absence, then in the presence, of beta-mercaptoethanol. The inter-chain linkages in C3c were determined to be beta-alpha 27 and alpha 27- alpha 43, thus indicating the presence of only one interchain bond in C3. The two interchain bonds in C4c are beta-alpha 27 and alpha 16-gamma. The third interchain bond in C4 (alpha 27-gamma, tentative) remains to be determined.
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Seya, T., S. Nagasawa, and J. P. Atkinson. "Location of the interchain disulfide bonds of the fourth component of human complement (C4): evidence based on the liberation of fragments secondary to thiol-disulfide interchange reactions." Journal of Immunology 136, no. 11 (June 1, 1986): 4152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.136.11.4152.

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Abstract Treatment of human C4 with chemical denaturants and heat produces rapid, autolytic peptide bond cleavage of the alpha-chain. These alpha-chain fragments are linked to the parent C4 molecule through disulfide bonds. On more prolonged heating, however, there is liberation of several peptides, including the beta-chain, the gamma-chain, and a C-terminal alpha-chain fragment. This reaction is inhibited by iodoacetamide. By using a fluorescent thiol reagent and 14C-iodoacetamide, the thiol group present on each peptide was analyzed. The results suggest that the thiol residue exposed by cleavage of the thioester bond induces thiol-disulfide interchange reactions to liberate the peptides. Based on the identification of fragments liberated, the kinetics of their appearance, their sulfhydryl content, and the reported primary structure of human C4, a model of the interchain disulfide bonds is proposed in which the amino terminal portion of the alpha-chain is disulfide-linked to both the beta- and gamma-chains, whereas the carboxyl terminal portion of the alpha-chain is disulfide-linked to only the gamma-chain.
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Faulmann, E. L., M. Young, and M. D. Boyle. "Inactivation of the proteolytic activity of mouse nerve growth factor by human C1(activated)-inhibitor." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 12 (June 15, 1987): 4336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.12.4336.

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Abstract The interaction between the serine protease gamma subunit of NGF (gamma-NGF) and human C1(activated)-inhibitor (C1-Inh) has been studied. C1-Inh inactivates the protease activity of gamma-NGF as measured by its ability to cleave the synthetic substrate benzoyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide (L-BAPNA). Experiments in which gamma-NGF and C1-Inh were mixed at differing molar ratios indicated that inhibition was due to the formation of a 1:1 stoichiometric complex. Analysis of the interaction of 125I-labeled gamma-NGF with C1-Inh by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography indicated that a covalent bond was formed between gamma-NGF and C1-Inh. The covalent bond was hydrolyzed by hydroxylamine, which suggested that the two proteins were linked via an acyl linkage. The formation of this complex was time dependent and required the proteolytic activity of the gamma-NGF.
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Cheng, Min, and Yubo Li. "Convertible Bond Pricing Based on Variance Gamma Model." Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance 4, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2020.v04i06.015.

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Stevenson, G. T., V. A. Anderson, K. S. Kan, and A. T. Worth. "Conjugation of human Fc gamma in closed-hinge or open-hinge configuration to Fab'gamma and analogous ligands." Journal of Immunology 158, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 2242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.158.5.2242.

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Abstract We describe a method for linking human normal Fc gamma1, via stable thioether bonds emerging from its hinge, to any molecule expressing a free sulfhydryl (SH) group. The Fc hinge may be closed by a disulfide (SS) bond or left open. Preparation begins with reduction of the Fc hinge to release four SH groups from its two parallel inter-gamma SS bonds. When the Fc is required in normal closed-hinge configuration, one SH group is alkylated with N-ethylmaleimide under limiting conditions, and one of the inter-gamma SS bonds is reconstituted by SS interchange. The residual SH group, to be used for linking, is left as a 4-dithiopyridyl group suitable for storage. When the Fc is required for conjugation the 4-dithiopyridyl is replaced by a metastable maleimidyl group, which reacts rapidly with SH on the partner molecule to form a tandem thioether link. If the partner is Ab Fab'gamma, linking to cysteines in the Fab'gamma hinge yields derivatives such as FabFc and FabFc2. Chimeric FabFc Abs (mouse Fab'gamma/human Fc gamma1) invoked cellular cytotoxicity in vitro, using human cell lines as targets and human lymphocytes as effectors, whether the Fc hinge was open or closed. The same Abs could kill the same targets by activating human complement, but only when the Fc hinge was closed. Both effector functions were enhanced by the presence of a second Fc in FabFc2. This method of Fc addition can be used to predict the performance of recombinant chimeric Abs and to provide novel molecular geometries.
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Bulleid, N. J., and R. B. Freedman. "The transcription and translation in vitro of individual cereal storage-protein genes from wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv. Chinese Spring). Evidence for translocation of the translation products and disulphide-bond formation." Biochemical Journal 254, no. 3 (September 15, 1988): 805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2540805.

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Genes coding for the high-Mr [‘high-molecular-weight’ (HMW)] glutenin subunit 12 and for a gamma-gliadin from wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv. Chinese Spring) were subcloned into transcription-translation vectors. In each case transcription in vitro yielded a RNA transcript which when added to a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free translation system directed the synthesis of a polypeptide of appropriate Mr by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE). When dog pancreatic microsomal vesicles were added to the translation system, translocation of the newly synthesized polypeptides occurred, as judged by protection from proteolysis. When translation and translocation of the gamma-gliadin was carried out under conditions favouring the formation of disulphide bonds, a polypeptide was synthesized which had a faster mobility on SDS/PAGE carried out under non-reducing conditions than under reducing conditions. This suggests that the processed and translocated gamma-gliadin forms an intramolecular disulphide bond or bonds during synthesis in vitro.
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Metcalfe, Clive, Peter Cresswell, and A. Neil Barclay. "Interleukin-2 signalling is modulated by a labile disulfide bond in the CD132 chain of its receptor." Open Biology 2, no. 1 (January 2012): 110036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.110036.

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Certain disulfide bonds present in leucocyte membrane proteins are labile and can be reduced in inflammation. This can cause structural changes that result in downstream functional effects, for example, in integrin activation. Recent studies have shown that a wide range of membrane proteins have labile disulfide bonds including CD132, the common gamma chain of the receptors for several cytokines including interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 (IL-2 and IL-4). The Cys 183 –Cys 232 disulfide bond in mouse CD132 is susceptible to reduction by enzymes such as thioredoxin (TRX), gamma interferon-inducible lysosomal thiolreductase and protein disulfide isomerase, which are commonly secreted during immune activation. The Cys 183 –Cys 232 disulfide bond is also reduced in an in vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute model of inflammation. Conditions that lead to the reduction of the Cys 183 –Cys 232 disulfide bond in CD132 inhibit proliferation of an IL-2-dependent T cell clone and concomitant inhibition of the STAT-5 signalling pathway. The same reducing conditions had no effect on the proliferation of an IL-2-independent T cell clone, nor did they reduce disulfide bonds in IL-2 itself. We postulate that reduction of the Cys 183 –Cys 232 disulfide in CD132 inhibits IL-2 binding to the receptor complex. Published data show that the Cys 183 –Cys 232 disulfide bond is exposed at the surface of CD132 and in close contact with IL-2 and IL-4 in their respective receptor complexes. In addition, mutants in these Cys residues in human CD132 lead to immunodeficiency and loss of IL-2 binding. These results have wider implications for the regulation of cytokine receptors in general, as their activity can be modulated by a ‘redox regulator’ mechanism caused by the changes in the redox environment that occur during inflammation and activation of the immune system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gamma bond"

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Kojukhov, Artyom. "Assessment of disulfide bond formation during co-translational folding of synonymous codon variants of recombinant gamma-B crystallin." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu152571031230488.

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McLeod, Jane. "Analysis of Gamma-Secretase and Amyloid Precursor Protein in Bone." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485129.

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y-secretase IS an intramembrane protease responsible for the cleavage of numerous molecules which regulate osteoblast activity, such as Notch and EphrinB2. Cleavage of its substrates results in release of a fragment into the extracellular space, and a Cterminal peptide into the cytoplasm. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is also processed by y-secretase, though its role in bone is unknown. Amyloia-p (AP) peptides are secreted into the extracellular space as a result ofy-secretase activity on APP, and in the brain can aggregate to form the plaques characteristic of -Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amyloid intracellular domain (AICD) binds to the nuclear adaptor protein Fe65 in the , . cytoplasm, and translocates to the nucleus to form a transcriptionally active AFT complex with Tip60. In this study the expression, cleavage and potential function of APP were investigated during osteogenesis. Expression of all y-secretase subunits (pS 1, PS2, APH-la, APH-1P, Net, PEN-2) was confirmed throughout osteogenesis and a significant increase in enzyme activity was observed during osteogenic differentiation by use of a specific fluorimetric assay. Characterisation ofAPP in osteoblasts identified expression and processing of a longer isoform of APP in osteoblasts compared to neuronal APP, which contained an additional Kunitz protease inhibitory domain. Application of y-secretase inhibitors confirmed that this enzyme specifically cleaves APP within differentiating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A specific chemiluminescent immunoassay demonstrated secretion of Ap by osteoblasts. MSCs showed a significant increase in adhesion to extracellular matrices containing aged Ap plaques compared to non-aged Ap peptide controls and Ap plaques were localized to the endosteal and periosteal surfaces in sections of adult rat ulna. Expression of the AFT complex components, Fe65 and Tip60, was confirmed throughout in vitro osteogenesis and over-expression of both AICD and Fe65 in C3HlOT~ stromal cells resulted in colocalisation within discrete domains of the nucleus. JlCT analysis (15Jlm resolution) of vertebrae from a 12 month old AD mouse model, Tg2576, which over-expresses a mutant APP resulting in increased y-secretase cleavage, showed' a decrease in bone volume, surface area and thickness compared to wild type controls. These findings indicate that APP may function as a novel regulator of osteoblastic activity, with functions ranging from adhesion to regulation of gene transcription.
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Mossop, J. R. "Coherent gamma-ray scattering and transmission measurements in bone densitometry." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383627.

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Ramsey, Daniel S. "Effects of Gamma Irradiation on the Damage Processes in Human Trabecular Bone." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1279224864.

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Baker, Amelia Rachel Haas. "Environmental PPAR-gamma agonists accelerate aging of bone and impair lymphopoiesis." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12274.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
A growing number of environmental contaminants, including phthalates and organotins, are being recognized for their ability to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and promote adipogenesis, and have been termed environmental obesogens. Organotins have been pollutants of concern in the marine environment due to use as antifoulants; however, organotin use in wood preservatives, plastics manufacturing, and agricultural pesticides has caused widespread environmental contamination. Tributyltin (TBT) is a highly potent activator of PPARγ, as well as its dimerization partner RXR. Bone marrow (BM) is a multifunctional organ which supports bone homeostasis, lymphopoiesis and whole body energy homeostasis. BM multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts, the balance of which constitutes the BM microenvironment. PPARγ sits at the crossroad, promoting adipogenesis and suppressing osteogenesis. Osteoblasts are necessary for optimal lymphopoiesis and adipocytes negatively regulate lymphopoiesis. With age, increased marrow adiposity is associated with concomitant loss of osteoblasts, and reduced cellular and humoral immunity. We tested the hypothesis that TBT skews the BM microenvironment, increasing marrow adiposity and suppressing osteoblast differentiation, ultimately impacting both bone quality and lymphopoiesis, a process resembling premature bone aging. TBT induced adipogenesis in a BM-MSC cell line in a PPARγ-dependent manner and also activated liver X receptor (LXR)-dependent gene transcription. TBT concomitantly induced adipogenesis and suppressed osteogenesis in an ex vivo BM-MSC model and increased marrow adipogenesis and reduced cortical bone in vivo. These changes in differentiation were accompanied by PPARγ upregulation and Runx2 downregulation. Surprisingly, shRNA-mediated knockdown of PPARγ revealed its potential role in early osteogenesis. Experiments in ex vivo cultures also revealed that TBT modifies BM-MSC differentiation distinctly from either a PPARγ or an RXR agonist; a likely mechanism, activation of LXR also was evident in vivo. At environmentally relevant concentrations, TBT directly induced apoptosis in developing B cells in vitro and suppressed developing and peripheral B cells in vivo, likely in part by altering the microenvironment in which they mature. Collectively, these studies contribute to the understanding of how environmental contaminants alter the adipocyte-osteoblast balance, contributing new mechanism-based information on how exogenous exposures affect the interrelationship between lymphopoiesis and the BM microenvironment.
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Morgan, Helen M. "A gamma-ray backscattering technique for in vivo body composition studies." Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340992.

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Jawa, Zabah Muhammad. "Optimal utilization of gamma camera time in Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1824.

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Thesis (MScMedSc (Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology. Nuclear Medicine))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
Introduction: Whole body bone scintigraphy with Tc-99m MDP is able to provide a survey of the entire skeleton. The question arises if it is mandatory to perform a whole body bone scan in all patients, irrespective of the clinical indication. The aim of this study is to determine the implications of performing limited imaging in patients who had whole body bone scan for various clinical patholgy with Tc-99m MDP, in order to determine if limited imaging would be acceptable in selected pathologies. This may enable gamma camera time to be optimally utilized in units with limited facilities. Materials and Methods: Reports of 3015 patients with various clinical pathologies who had whole body bone scans with Tc-99m MDP in our department from January 2002 to December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. The presence of pathologic radiotracer uptake was analyzed in order to establish the pattern of distribution. Clinically significant skeletal lesions were classified according to the anatomical regions where they were located viz; skull (including the neck), axial skeleton (including the pelvis and shoulders) and limbs. Results: Our results showed that in patients with lung cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and myeloma, there was an error in more than 25% of patients when limited imaging was performed. In patients with cancer of the breast, prostate, kidney, gastrointestinal system, and reproductive system and lymphoma there is an error in less than 5% of patients when limited imaging is employed. For iv patients with more localized musculoskeletal disorders such as suspected stress fractures, complicated joint prosthesis and avascular necrosis of the femur head, regional imaging of the area of pathology showed a percentage error of less than 6%.
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Ndayizeye, Fernand, and Maxamed Abdiraxman. "Renhetens inverkan på vidhäftningen mellan gammal betong och pågjutning." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102111.

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Detta examensarbete har genomförts på uppdrag av CBI Betonginstitutet. Handledare till examensarbetet har varit professor Johan Silfwerbrand från CBI och examinator Per Roald från Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan i Haninge.  Idag är betong ett byggmaterial som används i stor omfattning tack vare sin beständighet, miljövänlighet och lönsamhet. Betong hittar man i både gamla och nyproducerade konstruktioner. Även med bra egenskaper kan betong vara ofullkomlig när den prepareras på fel sätt.  För att underlätta gjutning och arbetbarhet av betong användes förut i många fall mycket vatten och detta resulterade i att beständigheten på betong försämrades. De flesta gamla betongkonstruktionerna är nu i stort behov av renovering. Det synliga beviset kan vara spricknärvaro på ytan och detta kan ha följd att vatten tränger in och orsakar bland annat frost- och saltangrepp samt korrosion i armering. Betong som är skadad eller sliten kan behöva renoveras genom att avverkas delvis eller helt. För att hitta en lämplig avverkningsmetod och reparationsmaterial behöver man först ta reda på skadorna, ställa krav på lagningen, tänka på hur lagningen kommer att utföras och hur upprepningen av skadan ska förebyggas. För att reparera den skadade betongen, avverkas den först och sedan gjuts pågjutningar på den friska och kvarstående delen. Pågjutningar används även i flerskiktsgolv t ex gjuts pågjutningar på prefabricerade bjälklag i olika köpcentrum. Det finns flera typer av bilningsmetoder och de påverkar den kvarstående betongen på olika sätt. De mest använda metoder är vattenbilning och hydraulisk bilning. Vattenbilning är den mest använda inom anläggningssektorn och den effektivaste och lönsammaste metoden. Betongen bilas bort med högtrycksvatten och lämnar en grov och skonsam yta på den friska betongen. Hydraulisk bilning är den äldsta, billigaste och enklaste metoden men nackdelen är att den orsakar mikrosprickor i den friska betongen. Efter betongbilningen måste man se till att man har förutsättningar för en god vidhäftning mellan gammal och pågjuten betong. Vidhäftning är beroende av ett antal faktorer och de fem viktigaste av dem är renhet, mikrosprickfrihet, frånvaro av cementhud, god kompaktering och god härdning.  I första delen av examensarbetet testas en provningsmetod som mäter hur ren en motgjutningsyta är. I detta fall används en vit mikrofiberduk som krontrollmätare på renhet. Olika varianter av smuts applicerades på ytan av en betongplatta för att testa mikrofiberdukens uppsugningsförmåga. Mikrofiberduken S-sveptes över den smutsiga betong ytan och redan där sågs det tydligt hur bra mikrofiberduken är på att absorbera smuts. På samma sätt utfördes det på en ren yta och den använda duken förblev vit vilket är ett tydligt bevis på att ytan på betongplatta är helt ren och redo för pågjutning.  Examensarbetets andra del tar upp en jämförelse mellan vidhäftningen på en ren pågjuten motgjutningsyta och en oren motgjutningsyta. Vi studerade renhetens inverkan på vidhäftningen mellan gammal och pågjuten betong och som avverkningsmetod användes vattenbilning. För att utföra det, har två betongplattor gjutits och sedan vattenbilats. Den bilade ytan på både plattorna delades i olika delar, där olika varianter av smuts applicerades på halva betongplattan och andra halvan var den rena referensen. Efter detta göts ny, pågjuten betong på båda betongplattorna. Fyra veckor senare togs dragtester för att se om draghållfasthet försämras i över-, underbetong eller i fogen på grund av orenhet jämfört med referensen.  Renhet har en stor påverkan på vidhäftningen mellan gammal och ny, pågjuten betong. Draghållfastheten försämras om motgjutningsytan inte är helt ren. Beviset är ett brott i fogen mellan betongskikten, med en väldig liten dragkraft och det syns tydligt att smuts som olja eller träflis precis i fogen när borrcylinder dras ut. För att lösa problemet rekommenderas att använda en vit mirakel duk för att vara säker att motgjutningsytan är helt ren innan pågjutningar gjuts på och detta bevisas med en oförändrad vit färg på duken.
This Bachelor’s thesis project has been commissioned by Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute. Our supervisor for this thesis project has been Prof. Johan Silfwerbrand and examiner Per Roald from The Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Nowadays, concrete is a building material that is widely used because of its durability, environmental friendliness and profitability. Concrete can be found in both old and new designs produced. Even with good performance concrete can be imperfect when it is prepared incorrectly. To facilitate the handling of concrete plenty of water was often used before and this resulted in concrete deterioration. Many old concrete structures are now in great need of renovation. The visible proof can be the presence of micro cracking on the surface and this may be due to the ingress of water in the concrete and causes including freezing and salt attack and corrosion of the reinforcement.   Concrete that is damaged or worn may need to be removed partly or completely. Appropriate removal methods and repair materials are needed, the causes of damage has to be determined, establishing of requirements for repair of concrete, the process of repairing has to be settled and the prevention of the repetition of the damage has to be determined. The damaged concrete has to be removed and be replaced by new overlay concrete. The overlay concrete is used as well in multi-layer floor, for example in various shopping centers overlay concrete is placed on precast slabs. There are several methods of concrete removal and they have different impact on the surface of the remaining concrete. The most widely used methods are the water jet and the hydraulic jetting. Water jet or hydro demolition is the most widely used in civil engineering sector and an efficient and profitable method. The concrete is removed by high pressure water that leaves a rough and gentle surface of the remaining concrete. Hydraulic jetting is the oldest, most common method and easiest concrete removal method. The negative impact of this method is that it causes micro cracks on the remaining concrete.  After the concrete has been removed there is a need to ensure that the conditions of getting a good bond between the old concrete and the overlay concrete are there. A good bond is dependent on a number of factors, and five of them are most important: micro cracks absence, the absence of laitance layer, cleanliness, high compaction and good curing.   In the first part of the thesis it is tested a test method that measures how clean the surface, there the overlay concrete will be placed, is. In this case, a white microfiber cloth is used as the crown control measure of cleanliness. Different types of dust and contaminations are applied to the surface of a concrete slab to test the cloth’s capacity to absorb the contaminations. The microfiber cloth is swept with S-pattern onto the contaminated concrete surface and already there it was obvious how good microfiber cloth is at absorbing dirt. In the same way this process was performed on a clean surface and the cloth remained white which is a clear proof that the surface of the concrete slab is perfectly clean and ready for casting.  The second part of this thesis deals with a comparison between the adhesion to a clean surface and unclean one. We study the effect of cleanliness on the bond between old concrete and a new-cast concrete overlay with water jet as a removal of the old concrete. To perform it, two concrete slabs were cast and then water jetted. The jetted surfaces of both slabs were divided into different zones, in which different varieties of contaminations were applied to half of the concrete slab and the other half remained clean as a reference zone. After this step the overlay concrete was cast on the surface of both concrete slabs. Four weeks later the test of the tensile bond strength was performed to observe where the strength has been poor and where the fracture of the concrete slabs has been, in other words if the fracture will be whether in the new-cast overlay concrete, in the bond zone or in the substrate concrete.   Cleanliness has a profound influence on the bond between old and new cast concrete. The tensile strength is poor on the concrete where the surface wasn’t clean enough. The proof is a fracture on the bond between the concrete layers, with less tension force and it is clearly visible dirt such as oil or chips just on the interface when the drilling cylinder is pulled out. To solve this problem it is advised to use a white miracle cloth to be sure that the surface is completely clean before placement of the new-cast concrete.
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Gosset, Laura. "Etude et optimisation des performances de l'instrument MXT, télescope X à micro-canaux, embarqué à bord de la mission spatiale d'astronomie SVOM." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS002/document.

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SVOM est une mission spatiale franco-chinoise qui sera lancée à la fin de l’année 2021. Son objectif est d’étudier les sursauts gamma et autres sources transitoires du ciel X et gamma. Les sursauts gamma sont des explosions cosmiques brèves et très énergétiques permettant leurs détections à des distances extrêmes. Ils apparaissent de manière aléatoire sur tout le ciel et émettent de la radiation dans une large gamme de longueurs d’ondes, allant de l’émission en infrarouge jusqu’aux rayons gamma. SVOM, qui évoluera en orbite basse autour de la Terre, sera composé de quatre instruments, sensibles du domaine visible aux rayons gamma, et sera couplé à des télescopes situés sur Terre qui effectueront des observations complémentaires dans les longueurs d’ondes allant du visible à de l’infrarouge. Le travail que je présente dans cette thèse est basé sur l’étude des performances du télescope MXT, dont l’optique est inspirée du principe de fonctionnement des “yeux des langoustes”. Elle sera mise en place pour la première fois dans le cadre de télescopes X, nécessitant donc de comprendre la réponse de cette optique. MXT est chargé d’observer, la contrepartie qui suit les sursauts gamma, dite émission rémanente, dans la gamme des rayons X entre 0,2 et 10 keV. Il joue un rôle clé dans la localisation précise de ces sources astrophysiques afin de transmettre, en temps réel, leurs positions aux télescopes situés au sol, qui observeront à leur tour, rapidement et précisément, le phénomène. Au cours de mon travail de thèse, j’ai mis en place un simulateur d’observation de MXT qui m’a permis d’estimer et d’étudier les performances attendues de l’instrument au cours de la mission. J’ai également développé des algorithmes de localisation qui seront implémentés à bord du satellite. Ceux-ci m’ont ensuite permis de tester les capacités de localisation de MXT à partir d’une base de données des rémanences de sursauts gamma et de montrer que 50% de ces rémanences seront localisées plus précisément que la minute d’arc. J’ai enfin appliqué une partie de mes modélisations numériques dans le cas de sources d’ondes gravitationnelles afin d’évaluer la détection des contreparties X d’étoiles à neutrons binaires
SVOM is a Sino-French space mission to be launched at the end of 2021. Its objective is the study of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and other transient high energy sources. These GRBs are very powerful cosmic explosions that can be detected at extreme distances. They appear randomly on all the sky and emit radiation in a wide wavelength range, from the infrared emission to gamma rays. SVOM space mission will shed new light on the physical phenomena associated to GRBs by detecting and observing them in real time over a wide energy range. The satellite, which will be injected on a low Earth orbit, will carry four instruments sensitive from the visible to the gamma-ray domain. Ground based telescopes will complement the space borne ones and will allow for follow-up observations from the visible to the infrared band. The MXT instrument, whose optics are based on the “lobster eyes” principle, will observe GRBs soft X-rays counterparts (afterglows) between 0.2 and 10 keV. This optics will be used for the first time for an X-ray telescope which means to characterize this optics. MXT will play a key role in the localization of these astrophysical sources that will be transmitted, in real time, to ground based instruments allowing for fast and precise observations. During my thesis, I developed an MXT observation simulator in order to predict the performances of the instrument during the mission. I also developed localization algorithms to be implemented on board the SVOM satellite and made use of the state of the art knowledge about X-ray afterglows in order to predict the localization capabilities of MXT. I demonstrated thaht 50% of these afterglows will be localized with a better precision than the arc-minute. I finally applied my simulation tools in the case of gravitational wave sources and, in particular, to assess the capabilities of MXT to observe bright X-ray counterparts of binary neutron star mergers
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Shuster, Mark D. "Physical and Chemical Modifications of Free Radical Scavengers to Reduce their Radioprotective Potentials for Bacterial Agents." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1134418758.

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Books on the topic "Gamma bond"

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Stuglik, Zofia. A comparison of three materials used in ESR dosimetry: L-đ-alanine, DL-đ-alanine and standard bone powder : response to Co-60 gamma radiation. Warszawa: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 1995.

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Der Gamma-Nagel: Standortbestimmung nach den ersten zehn Jahren. Reinbek: Einhorn-Presse Vlg, 1998.

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Al-Nahhas, Adil, and Imene Zerizer. Nuclear medicine. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0070.

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The application of nuclear medicine techniques in the diagnosis and management of rheumatological conditions relies on its ability to detect physiological and pathological changes in vivo, usually at an earlier stage compared to structural changes visualized on conventional imaging. These techniques are based on the in-vivo administration of a gamma-emitting radionuclide whose distribution can be monitored externally using a gamma camera. To guide a radionuclide to the area of interest, it is usually bound to a chemical label to form a 'radiopharmaceutical'. There are hundreds of radiopharmaceuticals in clinical use with different 'homing' mechanisms, such as 99 mTc HDP for bone scan and 99 mTc MAA for lung scan. Comparing pre- and posttherapy scans can aid in monitoring response to treatment. More recently, positron emission tomography combined with simultaneous computed tomography (PET/CT) has been introduced into clinical practice. This technique provides superb spatial resolution and anatomical localization compared to gamma-camera imaging. The most widely used PET radiopharmaceutical, flurodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), is a fluorinated glucose analogue, which can detect hypermetabolism and has therefore been used in imaging and monitoring response to treatment of a variety of cancers as well as inflammatory conditions such as vasculitis, myopathy, and arthritides. Other PET radiopharmaceuticals targeting inflammation and activated macrophages are becoming available and could open new frontiers in PET imaging in rheumatology. Nuclear medicine procedures can also be used therapeutically. Beta-emitting radiopharmaceuticals, such as yttrium-90, invoke localized tissue damage at the site of injection and can be used in the treatment of synovitis.
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Bahk, Yong-Whee. Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases: Including Gamma Correction Interpretation. Springer, 2017.

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Bahk, Yong-Whee. Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases: Including Gamma Correction Interpretation. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Bahk, Yong-Whee. Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases: Including Gamma Correction Interpretation. Springer, 2012.

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Bahk, Yong-Whee. Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases: Including Gamma Correction Interpretation. Springer, 2017.

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Bahk, Yong-Whee. Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases: Including Gamma Correction Interpretation. Springer, 2018.

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Bahk, Yong-Whee. Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases: Including Gamma Correction Interpretation. Springer, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gamma bond"

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Bahk, Yong-Whee. "Gamma Correction." In Imaging of Trabecular Microfracture and Bone Marrow Edema and Hemorrhage, 17–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4466-8_3.

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Leicht, Gregor, Christoph S. Herrmann, and Christoph Mulert. "BOLD Response and EEG Gamma Oscillations." In EEG - fMRI, 465–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87919-0_23.

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Leicht, Gregor, Christoph S. Herrmann, and Christoph Mulert. "BOLD-Response and EEG Gamma Oscillations." In EEG - fMRI, 641–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07121-8_26.

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Kumar, Arun, Binay Kumar Agarwal, Rajesh Kumar, Sanjay J. Jambhulkar, Varsha Rani, and Zille Ali Haider. "Induction of variability for yield components in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss) under acidic soil regime of Jharkhand." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 258–68. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0026.

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Abstract Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is the most important oilseed crop of the state of Jharkhand in India, where 78% of the cultivable soil is acidic, causing a sizeable yield reduction. Potential seed yield from such soils cannot be realized within existing varieties and therefore a mutation breeding approach has been followed to isolate mutants tolerant to acidic soil. Three doses of gamma-rays (900 Gy, 1000 Gy and 1100 Gy) and a combined treatment of gamma irradiation and 0.3% EMS were used for induction of mutation in the varieties 'Shivani' and 'Pusa Bold'. A total of 139,720 M2 plants (75,760 of 'Shivani' and 63,960 of 'Pusa Bold') were screened under acidic soil conditions (pH 4.8). A wide spectrum of variability for tolerance to soil acidity, earliness, seed colour, seed yield and yield components, and morphological traits was observed in the M2 generation. True-breeding mutants for different traits were confirmed in the M3 generation. Mutations were recorded in 'Shivani' and 'Pusa Bold', respectively, for secondary branch number (38 and 24), siliquae per plant (1223 and 562) and single plant seed yield (45.49 g and 34.84 g). In addition, a large spectrum of variability for morphological characters was identified.
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Bahk, Yong-Whee. "General Gamma Correction Pinhole Bone Scan Diagnosis." In Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases, 567–648. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2759-8_24.

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Bahk, Yong-Whee. "Miscellanea of Gamma Correction Medical Imaging." In Imaging of Trabecular Microfracture and Bone Marrow Edema and Hemorrhage, 131–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4466-8_16.

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Bahk, Yong-Whee. "Miscellanea of Gamma Correction Pinhole Scan." In Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases, 689–700. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2759-8_26.

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Stanoiu, M., F. Azaiez, F. Becker, M. Belleguic, C. Borcea, C. Bourgeois, Z. Dlouhy, et al. "Gamma spectroscopy of the last bound oxygen isotopes." In Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses, 169. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55560-2_52.

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Bahk, Yong-Whee. "Gamma Correction Pinhole Bone Scan Diagnosis in 4th Edition." In Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases, 509–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25144-3_23.

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Yu, Y., Jin Biao Chen, J. L. Yang, D. A. F. Morgan, and W. R. Walsh. "Evaluation of Gamma Irradiated Human Bone in Nude Rats." In Advanced Biomaterials VI, 269–72. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-967-9.269.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gamma bond"

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Kozhevnikov, D. A., and I. S. Deshenenkov. "Cement Bond Gamma Logging Data Algorithmic Interpreting." In Saint Petersburg 2010. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145465.

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S. Deshenenkov, I., D. A. Kozhevnikov, and A. V. Gorodnov. "Automated method of gamma-cement bond logging data processing and interpretation." In 5th EAGE International Scientific and Practical Conference and Exhibition on Engineering and Mining Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20147250.

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Yu, Jinping, Xiaofeng Yang, Shenghong Li, and Xiaohu Yang. "Pricing Convertible Bond with Call Clause in Exponential Variance Gamma Model." In 2009 International Conference on Business Intelligence and Financial Engineering (BIFE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bife.2009.156.

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Yuxian Zheng, Ming Lu, Jinping Yu, and Xiaofeng Yang. "Notice of Retraction: Convertible bond pricing based on Variance Gamma model." In 2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsit.2010.5565114.

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Tawancy, H. M., and Luai M. Al-Hadhrami. "Role of Platinum in Thermal Barrier Coatings Used in Gas Turbine Blade Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59153.

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Current technology of thermal barrier coating systems used in gas turbine blade applications relies upon the use of a metallic bond coat, which has a two-fold function: i) it develops a thin layer of aluminum oxide enhancing the adhesion of the ceramic top coat, and ii) it provides an additional resistance to oxidation. It was the objective of this study to develop an understanding of the role of platinum in bond coats of the diffusion-type deposited on a nickel-base superalloy. Two Pt-containing bond coats were included in the study: i) a platinum-aluminide and ii) a bond coat formed by interdiffusion between an electroplated layer of platinum and the superalloy substrate. In both cases, the top ceramic coat was yttria-stabilized zirconia. For reference purposes, a simple aluminide bond coat free of Pt was also included in the study. Thermal exposure tests at 1150 °C with a 24-hour cycling period to room temperature were used to compare the coating performance. Microstructural features were characterized by various electron-optical techniques. Experimental results indicated that Pt acts as a “cleanser” of the oxide-bond coat interface by decelerating the kinetics of interdiffusion between the bond coat and superalloy substrate. This was found to promote selective oxidation of Al resulting in a purer Al2O3 scale of a slower growth rate increasing its effectiveness as “glue” holding the ceramic top coat to the underlying metallic substrate. However, the exact effect of Pt was found to be a function of the state of its presence within the outermost coating layer. Of the two bond coats studied, a surface layer of Pt-rich gamma prime phase (L12 superlattice) was found to provide longer coating life in comparison with a mixture of PtAl2 and beta phase. This could be related to the effectiveness of gamma prime phase as a sink for titanium minimizing its detrimental effect on the adherence of aluminum oxide.
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Clarke, D. R., and V. K. Tolpygo. "Thermal Cycling Induced Bond-Coat Rumpling as a Precursor to TBC Failure." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2682.

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Abstract Microstructural observations of TBCs failed under thermal cycling conditions reveal that failure is associated with extensive local separations between either the thermally grown oxide and the TBC or within the TBC itself close to the thermally grown oxide. Based on extensive microstructural characterization and measurements of concentration profiles within the bond-coat, we present a new model for the cause of these separations based on local increases in the density of the bond coat associated with the beta-NiAl to gamma-prime Ni3Al phase transformation. The phase transformation, driven by aluminum depletion required to form the protective alumina thermally grown oxide, is constrained by the overlying TBC thereby generating tensile stresses across the TBC/TGO interface and its vicinity. The observations and evidence for the new model will be described together with the role of thermal cycling.
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Ashok Kumar, A., Margaret Insley, Jay Gambee, Sharon J. Busby, and Kathleen L. Berkner. "SITE SPECIFIC MUTAGENESIS WITHIN THE GLA-DOMAIN OF HUMAN FACTOR IX." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644079.

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Factor IX, a plasma protein, plays a critical role in blood coagulation. The biological activity of factor IX as well as several other plasma proteins depends on the presence of gamma-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla) residues in their amino terminal region. In vitro mutagenesis has been used to selectively replace Gla residues of factor IX with aspartic acid (Asp) residues in order to establish the contribution of individual as well as paired Gla residues to the normal functioning of the protein. These substitutions were made at positions 7, 15, 20 and 26 in human factor IX. In addition, residue number 18, a cysteine has been changed to serine in an attempt to disrupt the highly conserved disulfide bond in the gla-domain. The gla-domain mutants will be produced in mammalian cells and compared with native recombinant factor IX. A rapid immunoaffinity purification procedure, which has been used to obtain recombinant factor IX produced in the presence or absence of vitamin K, is being used to purify the mutants. Protein sequence analysis has been used to confirm complete processing and proper gamma-carboxylation of recombinant factor IX. The properties of these mutants as compared to human factor IX will be discussed.
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Jiang, W., A. Bakken, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Irradiation Induced Crosslinking in “Green” Polylactic-Acid (PLA) Polymers for Enhanced Strength and Elevated Temperature Applications." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16767.

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Abstract This paper presents interdisciplinary (nuclear-mechanical-materials-chemical) engineering technology and results pertaining to use of ionization radiation for tailoring “green”, renewable corn-soy based amorphous and crystalline form polymers for use as low-to-high temperature adhesives. Both amorphous and crystalline form polymer forms of such the Polylactic-Acid (PLA) polymer were studied with and without photon irradiation, alongside with and without cross-linking agent. In order to study and enhance the high-temperature application of PLA as a novel, multi-purpose adhesive, small concentrations of the crosslinking agent triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) were included into molten amorphous and semi-crystalline PLA cast as glue sticks, followed with Co-60 gamma-irradiation. Bond strength variations were studied in tensile mode at room temperature using the resulting adhesive in between two steel dowels (head-to-head bonded) as well as via shear strength testing at elevated temperatures (50–120°C) under a set pre-load of 222 N. It was found that gamma irradiated samples with TAIC exhibited noticeably improved bonding strength, and importantly, such strength can potentially prevail towards 100°C. These are exciting results which offer potential for application for building construction and safety enhancements especially under fires and similar accidents. Samples without TAIC exhibited significant loss of strength past 90°C. The full paper will discuss details of apparatus, modeling and simulation of irradiation dose delivery, testing protocols results, and future enhancements via hybrid neutron-photon-electron irradiation for utility in variety of industrial applications.
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Bobzin, K., T. Schläfer, T. Warda, M. Brühl, and T. F. Linke. "Improving Long Term Oxidation Protection for γ-TiAl Substrates." In ITSC2011, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and A. McDonald. DVS Media GmbH, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2011p0010.

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Abstract In previous work, a thermal spray multilayer system consisting of ZrO2 and an MCrAlY top coat showed promising results regarding oxidation behavior of the γ-TiAl substrates tested, which encouraged further research activities. Diffusion of substrate material was successfully inhibited by a ceramic ZrO2 coating. A building up of a dense and stable oxide layer could be achieved by additional application of an MCrAlY top coat, leading to improved oxidation resistance and thus showing feasibility. In this work the main focus for development was put on enhancing adhesion and lowering residual stresses of the coatings in order to allow long term and cyclic testing without delamination taking place. Being a very brittle material, Gamma Titanium Aluminides require special surface treatment to enable roughening which is crucial for a strong mechanical bond between substrate and coating. Alternatives to conventional grit blasting as a standard preparation method were investigated. These were micro-abrasive blasting and blasting at elevated temperature (≈300-550 °C) to allow a more ductile behavior. The paper will highlight the implications by means of these measures and will also show the present development status of the multilayer system.
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Kang, Bruce S., and Changyu Ma. "Development of ODS Coating for Critical Turbine Components Using DED Additive Manufacturing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14874.

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Abstract The challenge for design and manufacturing of future advanced gas turbine systems is to meet the requirement of increasing turbine inlet temperature (TIT), which is higher than the substrate melting temperature. Increasing high thermal load also causes severe oxidation and corrosion of base alloy in gas turbine. Current approach is coating the inlet turbine blade with thermal barrier coating (TBC) combined with internal cooling channel in the substrate. However, neither the ceramic coating layer nor the metallic bond coat in the TBC system can provide structural loading support to house the internal cooling channels. Development of structural bond coat with embedded cooing channels can be one of the key technologies for future advanced turbine systems. In this research, high temperature protective structural coating on top of a superalloy substrate (popular for making gas turbine component) by additive manufacturing (AM) technique using oxide dispersion strengthening (ODS) powder is presented. A novel combined mechanochemical bonding (MCB) plus ball milling (BM) process is utilized to produce ODS powders suitable for AM applications. AM-processed ODS coating by direct energy deposition (DED) method on MAR-247 substrate were carried out. The ODS coated samples were then subjected to cyclic thermal loadings for over 4000 cycles (each cycle consists of alternating between 45 minutes at 1100 °C and 45 minutes at room temperature). SEM and EDX were applied for oxide formation analyses of the ODS coating at selected thermal cycles. In particular, stability of gamma prime phase in the ODS coating at different thermal cycles is analyzed. Test results revealed a thin continuous durable alumina oxide layer on ODS coating surface after over 4,000 thermal cycles. Test results also showed relatively stable substrate microstructures due to the protective alumina surface oxide layer and strong bonding at ODS coating/substrate interface is maintained. Oxidation weight gain of a AM-processed ODS sample is conducted and the results compared favorably with those literature available alumina forming alloys (AFA) under similar testing conditions.
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Reports on the topic "Gamma bond"

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Hrebeniuk, Bohdan V. Modification of the analytical gamma-algorithm for the flat layout of the graph. [б. в.], December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2882.

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The planarity of graphs is one of the key sections of graph theory. Although a graph is an abstract mathematical object, most often it is graph visualization that makes it easier to study or develop in a particular area, for example, the infrastructure of a city, a company’s management or a website’s web page. In general, in the form of a graph, it is possible to depict any structures that have connections between the elements. But often such structures grow to such dimensions that it is difficult to determine whether it is possible to represent them on a plane without intersecting the bonds. There are many algorithms that solve this issue. One of these is the gamma method. The article identifies its problems and suggests methods for solving them, and also examines ways to achieve them.
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Kocher, David C. Evaluation of Generic 3X Upper Bound Factor Used in Reconstructing External Gamma Doses to Military Participants at Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada601763.

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3

Sengupta-Gopalan, Champa, Shmuel Galili, and Rachel Amir. Improving Methionine Content in Transgenic Forage Legumes. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580671.bard.

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Leguminous forage crops are high in proteins but deficient in S- amino acids. It has been shown that both wool quality and milk production can be limited by the post-ruminal supply of sulfur-containing amino acids. Efforts to use conventional plant breeding and cell selection techniques to increase the S-amino acid content of alfalfa have met with little success. With the objective to increase the S-amino acid content of forage legumes, the goal of this project was to co- express the methionine rich zein genes from corn along with a gene for a key enzyme in methionine biosynthesis, aspartate kinase(AK). The zeins are seed storage proteins from corn and are groupec into four distinct classes based on their amino acid sequence homologies. The b-zein (15kd) and the 6zein (10kD and 18kD) have proportionately high levels of methionine (10%, 22% and 28%, respectively). Initial studies from our lab had shown that while the 15kD zein accumulated to high levels in vegetative tissues of transgenic tobacco the l0kD zein did not. However, co-expression of the 10kD zein with the 15kD zein genes in tobacco showed stabilization of the 10kD zein and the co-localization of the 10kD and 15kD zein proteins in unique ER derived protein bodies. AK is the key enzyme for producing carbon skeletons for all amino acids of the aspartate family including methionine. It is, however, regulated by end-product feedback inhibition. The specific objectives of this proposal were: i. to co-express the 15kD zein with the 10/18kD zein genes in alfalfa in order to enhance the level of accumulation of the 10/18kD zein; ii. to increase methionine pools by expressing a feedback insensitive AK gene in transformants co-expressing the 15kD and 10/18kD zein genes. The Israeli partners were successful in expressing the AK gene in alfalfa which resulted in an increase in free and bound threonine but not in methionine (Galili et al., 2000). Since our target was to increase methionine pools, we changed our second objective to replace the AK gene with the gene for cystathionine gamma synthase (CGS) in the co-expression studies. The first methionine specific reaction is catalyzed by CGS. An additional objective was to develop a transformation system for Berseem clover, and to introduce the appropriate gene constructs into it with the goal of improving their methionine content. Genes for the 15kD zein along with the genes for either the 10kD or 18kD zein have been introduced into the same alfalfa plant both by sexual crosses and by re-transformation. Analysis of these zein co-expressors have shown that both the IOkD and 18kD zein levels go up 5 to 10 fold when co-expressed with the 15kD zein (Bagga et al., MS in preparation). Incubation of the leaves of transgenic alfalfa co-expressing the 15kD and 10kD zein genes, in the rumen of cows have shown that the zein proteins are stable in the rumen. To increase the level of zein accumulation in transgenic alfalfa different promoters have been used to drive the zein genes in alfalfa and we have concluded that the CaMV 35S promoter is superior to the other strong leaf -specific promoters. By feeding callus tissue of alfalfa plants co-expressing the 15kD and 10kD zein genes with methionine and its precursors, we have shown that the zein levels could be significantly enhanced by increasing the methionine pools. We have now introduced the CGS gene (from Arabidopsis; kindly provided to us by Dr. Leustek), into the 15kD zein transformants and experiments are in progress to check if the expression of the CGS gene indeed increases the level of zein accumulation in alfalfa. We were not successful in developing a transformation protocol for Berseem clover.
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