Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gametophyte development

Academic literature on the topic 'Gametophyte development'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gametophyte development"

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DeYoung, Brody, Todd Weber, Barbara Hass, and Jo Ann Banks. "Generating Autotetraploid Sporophytes and Their Use in Analyzing Mutations Affecting Gametophyte Development in the Fern Ceratopteris." Genetics 147, no. 2 (October 1, 1997): 809–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.2.809.

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The haploid gametophytes of the fern Ceratopteris richardii are autotrophic and develop independently of the diploid sporophyte plant. While haploid genetics is useful for screening and characterizing mutations affecting gametophyte development in Ceratopteris, it is difficult to assess whether a gametophytic mutation is dominant or recessive or to determine allelism by complementation analysis in a haploid organism. This report describes how apospory can be used to produce genetically marked polyploid sporophytes whose gametophyte progeny are heterozygous for mutations affecting sex determination in the gametophyte and a known recessive mutation affecting the phenotype of both the gametophyte and sporophyte. The segregation ratios of wild-type to mutant phenotypes in the gametophyte progeny of polyploid sporophyte plants indicate that all of the mutations examined are recessive. The presence of many multivalents and few univalents in meiotic chromosome preparations of spore mother cells confirm that the sporophyte plants assayed are polyploid. The DNA content of the sperm of their progeny gametophytes was also found to be approximately twice that of sperm from wild-type haploid gametophytes.
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Hickok, Leslie G. "Genetics of gametophyte development." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 86 (1985): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000007909.

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SynopsisFern gametophytes provide unique opportunities for the investigation of various aspects of physiology, genetics and development. Past genetic studies of gametophytes have primarily involved investigations of variegation and radiation-induced plastid aberrations. Two studies have utilised the gametophyte generation to develop screens for specific types of mutations. The considerable natural variation that exists in gametophyte development has not been investigated genetically. Genetic studies can provide needed information regarding basic aspects of development. A selection system with broad applicability has been developed to isolate gametophyte mutations that confer resistance to growth regulators. An example of the use of the screen with abscisic acid is given and preliminary characterisations of some of the mutants are presented.
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Peterson, R. L., and D. P. Whittier. "Transfer cells in the sporophyte–gametophyte junction of Lycopodium appressum." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-031.

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The sporophyte–gametophyte interface in cultured Lycopodium appressum gametophytes consists of a sporophytic foot embedded in gametophyte tissue. Foot cells and contiguous gametophytic cells develop extensive wall ingrowths, making them transfer cells. Transfer cells in the foot of young sporophytes and in adjacent gametophyte cells have elongated, narrow wall ingrowths forming a labrynthine wall–membrane apparatus, numerous mitochondria, and plastids with variable amounts of starch. Transfer cells in older interfaces have thickened wall ingrowths, few mitochondria, plastids with numerous plastoglobuli and little starch, and a large central vacuole. Plasmodesmata do not develop between cells of sporophyte and gametophyte generations and these are, therefore, isolated symplastically during all stages of sporophyte development. Key words: Lycopodium, foot, haustorium, transfer cells, ultrastructure.
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Ashapkin, Vasily V., Lyudmila I. Kutueva, Nadezhda I. Aleksandrushkina, and Boris F. Vanyushin. "Epigenetic Regulation of Plant Gametophyte Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 12 (June 22, 2019): 3051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20123051.

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Unlike in animals, the reproductive lineage cells in plants differentiate from within somatic tissues late in development to produce a specific haploid generation of the life cycle—male and female gametophytes. In flowering plants, the male gametophyte develops within the anthers and the female gametophyte—within the ovule. Both gametophytes consist of only a few cells. There are two major stages of gametophyte development—meiotic and post-meiotic. In the first stage, sporocyte mother cells differentiate within the anther (pollen mother cell) and the ovule (megaspore mother cell). These sporocyte mother cells undergo two meiotic divisions to produce four haploid daughter cells—male spores (microspores) and female spores (megaspores). In the second stage, the haploid spore cells undergo few asymmetric haploid mitotic divisions to produce the 3-cell male or 7-cell female gametophyte. Both stages of gametophyte development involve extensive epigenetic reprogramming, including siRNA dependent changes in DNA methylation and chromatin restructuring. This intricate mosaic of epigenetic changes determines, to a great extent, embryo and endosperm development in the future sporophyte generation.
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Shimizu, K. K., and K. Okada. "Attractive and repulsive interactions between female and male gametophytes in Arabidopsis pollen tube guidance." Development 127, no. 20 (October 15, 2000): 4511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.20.4511.

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Sexual reproduction in plants, unlike that of animals, requires the action of multicellular haploid gametophytes. The male gametophyte (pollen tube) is guided to a female gametophyte through diploid sporophytic cells in the pistil. While interactions between the pollen tube and diploid cells have been described, little is known about the intercellular recognition systems between the pollen tube and the female gametophyte. In particular, the mechanisms that enable only one pollen tube to interact with each female gametophyte, thereby preventing polysperm, are not understood. We isolated female gametophyte mutants named magatama (maa) from Arabidopsis thaliana by screening for siliques containing half the normal number of mature seeds. In maa1 and maa3 mutants, in which the development of the female gametophyte was delayed, pollen tube guidance was affected. Pollen tubes were directed to mutant female gametophytes, but they lost their way just before entering the micropyle and elongated in random directions. Moreover, the mutant female gametophytes attracted two pollen tubes at a high frequency. To explain the interaction between gametophytes, we propose a monogamy model in which a female gametophyte emits two attractants and prevents polyspermy. This prevention process by the female gametophyte could increase a plant's inclusive fitness by facilitating the fertilization of sibling female gametophytes. In addition, repulsion between pollen tubes might help prevent polyspermy. The reproductive isolations observed in interspecific crosses in Brassicaceae are also consistent with the monogamy model.
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Davidson, Carla, Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz, and Patrick von Aderkas. "Description of a novel organ in the gametophyte of the fern Schizaea pusilla and its contribution to overall plant architecture." Botany 86, no. 10 (October 2008): 1217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-085.

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Plant architecture is determined by cell division and growth, thus simulation models describing these processes are ideal for determining how local development produces the overall plant form. Because fern gametophytes are structurally simple, they are ideal for investigating the effects of cellular growth and division on plant form. In this work we examine the gametophytic development of Schizaea pusilla Pursh., a small, bog-adapted fern whose gametophyte forms as a mass of single-celled filaments. Using light and scanning electron microscopy we made detailed observations of gametophyte development to generate data for a simulation mechanical model of S. pusilla gametophyte development. To examine how plant architecture is an emergent property of cell division, we constructed a simulation model expressed using the formalism of L-systems. While developing a model of growth in this fern we discovered a previously undescribed structure that contributes to the architecture of this plant, which we term knots. We document the development of knots and demonstrate how they contribute to the overall plant architecture.
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Cvetic, Tijana, Aneta Sabovljevic, M. Sabovljevic, and D. Grubisic. "Development of the moss Pogonatum urnigerum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. under in vitro culture conditions." Archives of Biological Sciences 59, no. 1 (2007): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0701057c.

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Pogonatum urnigerum (Polytrichaceae) in vitro culture was established from spores collected in nature. Both protonema and gametophore stages of gametophyte development were obtained. Also, a stable callus culture was established using hormone-free nutrient medium. The best nutrient medium for development was half-strength Murashige- Skoog medium supplemented with 1.5% sucrose. Auxin treatment enabled some gametophores to develop, but prolonged treatment induced early senescence. Tissues grown on cytokinin did not produce any gametophytes and did not survive prolonged treatment.
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Zhao, Zuo-Yu, and David F. Weber. "Male gametophyte development in monosomics of maize." Genome 32, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-423.

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The development of male gametophytes in diploid and monosomic-1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -8, -9, and -10 maize plants was characterized. Developmental differences due to nullisomy in the gametophyte were evaluated by comparing the development of haploid and nullisomic microspores formed by monosomic plants, while differences due to gene dosage in the sporophyte were evaluated by comparing the development of haploid microspores in monosomic plants with those in diploids. These analyses show that (i) male gametophytes nullisomic for the chromosomes analyzed are developmentally delayed and eventually abort; (ii) male gametophytes nullisomic for chromosome 2 or 6 can reach the first mitosis, but those nullisomic for chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, or 10 do not reach the first division; and (iii) monosomy of chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, or 9 interferes with normal male gametophyte development, and monosomic-2 and -9 plants specifically cannot support pollen maturation.Key words: aneuploidy, monosome, nullisome, microspore, r-X1, deficiency.
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Aslam, Mohammad, Beenish Fakher, and Yuan Qin. "Big Role of Small RNAs in Female Gametophyte Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 1979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23041979.

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In living organisms, sexual reproduction relies on the successful development of the gametes. Flowering plants produce gametes in the specialized organs of the flower, the gametophytes. The female gametophyte (FG), a multicellular structure containing female gametes (egg cell and central cell), is often referred to as an embryo sac. Intriguingly, several protein complexes, molecular and genetic mechanisms participate and tightly regulate the female gametophyte development. Recent evidence indicates that small RNA (sRNA) mediated pathways play vital roles in female gametophyte development and specification. Here, we present an insight into our understanding and the recent updates on the molecular mechanism of different players of small RNA-directed regulatory pathways during ovule formation and growth.
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Punetha, Nilambar, Kamlesh Bhakuni, and Bhupendra Kholia. "Habitat ecology and prothallial development in endemic Pteris subquinata." Indian Journal of Forestry 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2008-nqeko6.

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Population structure of endemic Pteris subquinata is given along with the ecology of the substrata. Gametophytes collected from the nature were analyzed for the sexuality which revealed that the gametophyte populations are generally unisexual but when isolated gametophytes were grown, they became bisexual. Reasons of being endemic are discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gametophyte development"

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Madrid, Eric. "Female gametophyte development and evolution in Piperales." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337127.

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McClelland, D. J. "Genetical studies of gametophyte development in the moss Physcomitrella patens." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233202.

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Ku, Chuan-Chih. "TCP6, a regulator in Arabidopsis gametophyte development and DNA damage response." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17892.

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Plants have developed intricate mechanisms to control growth in response to a variety of environmental cues, to compensate its immobility and to survive in both normal and adverse conditions. The TCP proteins are a family of plant-specific, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that involve in different aspects in plant growth and developmental control. The Arabidopsis TCP20 has been shown to involve in coordinating cell growth and proliferation, and in growth arrest in response to DNA double-stranded breaks (DSB). In this thesis, the main interest is to examine the function of Arabidopsis TCP6, which shares the highest homology with TCP20, and like TCP20, contains a putative ATM phosphorylation motif that suggests potential involvement in the ATM/ATR-mediated DSB responses. Expressional analysis including transcript measurement and reporter gene tagging demonstrated that TCP6 is expressed in flowers, in particular in the first mitotic event of pollen and ovule/embryo sac development, indicating that TCP6 potentially involves in regulating the mitotic cell cycle during gametophyte development. Yet no gametophytic or fertility-affecting mutant phenotype was observed in the tcp6 single and tcp6/tcp20 double mutants, which may be due to high functional redundancy. The tcp6/tcp20 double mutant seedlings exhibited significantly higher growth performances in true leaf growth compared to wild type when treated with gamma radiation, implying that both functional TCP6 and TCP20 are involved in response to gamma radiation-generated DSBs. The work of this thesis provides the first expressional and functional characterizations of TCP6, with the results suggesting that TCP6 and other class I TCPs play a role in regulating growth under both normal and stress conditions.
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Srilunchang, Kanok-orn. "Molecular characterization and identification of genes involved in maize female gametophyte development." kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2009/1366/.

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Kőszegi, Dávid. "RKD genes : a novel transcription factor family involved in the female gametophyte development of Arabidopsis and wheat." kostenfrei, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:4-823.

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Siebers, Meike [Verfasser]. "The Role of Acyl-ACP Thioesterases and Glycerophosphodiester Phosphodiesterases for Gametophyte Development in Arabidopsis thaliana / Meike Siebers." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1165650665/34.

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Rizzo, Paride [Verfasser]. "Novel insights on female gametophyte development in the apomictic model species Boechera spp. and Hypericum spp. / Paride Rizzo." Halle, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1137509848/34.

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Kőszegi, Dávid [Verfasser], Gerd Akademischer Betreuer] Jürgens, Gunter [Akademischer Betreuer] Reuter, and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wobus. "RKD genes: a novel transcription factor family involved in the female gametophyte development of Arabidopsis and wheat / Dávid Kőszegi. Betreuer: Gerd Jürgens ; Gunter Reuter ; Ulrich Wobus." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1024874583/34.

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Šoljić, Lucija [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Dresselhaus, and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneuwly. "Microarray analysis of single isolated cells of the female gametophyte reveals potential regulators of female germline development in Arabidopsis thaliana / Lucija Soljic. Betreuer: Thomas Dresselhaus ; Stephan Schneuwly." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1030179379/34.

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Šoljić, Lucija Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Dresselhaus, and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneuwly. "Microarray analysis of single isolated cells of the female gametophyte reveals potential regulators of female germline development in Arabidopsis thaliana / Lucija Soljic. Betreuer: Thomas Dresselhaus ; Stephan Schneuwly." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1030179379/34.

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Books on the topic "Gametophyte development"

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Developmental biology of fern gametophytes. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

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Barker, Jane. The sexual expression and development "in vitro" of gametophytes of "Dryopteris filix-mas" (L) Schott and "Dryopteris dilatata" (Hoffm) A. Gray. Derby: Derbyshire College of Higher Education, 1988.

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V, Raghavan. Developmental Biology of Fern Gametophytes. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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V, Raghavan. Developmental Biology of Fern Gametophytes. Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Developmental Biology of Fern Gametophytes (Developmental and Cell Biology Series). Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gametophyte development"

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Twell, D. "Male Gametophyte Development." In Plant Developmental Biology - Biotechnological Perspectives, 225–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02301-9_12.

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Sánchez-León, N., and J. P. Vielle-Calzada. "Development and Function of the Female Gametophyte." In Plant Developmental Biology - Biotechnological Perspectives, 209–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02301-9_11.

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Soma, Sanae. "Development of the Female Gametophyte and the Embryogeny of Ginkgo biloba." In Ginkgo Biloba A Global Treasure, 51–65. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68416-9_5.

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Bhatia, Meenam, and Prem L. Uniyal. "In Vitro Gametophyte Development, Reproductive Biology, and Nitric Oxide Signaling in Ferns." In Ferns, 261–83. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6170-9_12.

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Herr, J. M. "Recent Advances in Clearing Techniques for Study of Ovule and Female Gametophyte Development." In Angiosperm Pollen and Ovules, 149–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2958-2_23.

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Lora, Jorge, and José I. Hormaza. "Crosstalk Between the Sporophyte and the Gametophyte During Anther and Ovule Development in Angiosperms." In Progress in Botany, 113–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/124_2020_50.

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Yermakov, I. P., N. P. Matveyeva, and D. S. Andreyuk. "Regulation of Male Gametophyte Development in Angiosperma: The Role of Intracellular pH and Transmembrane Chloride Transport." In Phytohormones in Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture, 255–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2664-1_24.

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Friedman, William E., and Ernest M. Gifford. "Development of the Male Gametophyte of Ginkgo biloba: A Window into the Reproductive Biology of Early Seed Plants." In Ginkgo Biloba A Global Treasure, 29–49. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68416-9_3.

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Pei-hua, Tang, and Zhu Ying-min. "Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis and Release During Development of Male Gametophyte (MG) of Clivia nobilis in Vitro." In Sexual Reproduction in Higher Plants, 485. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73271-3_97.

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Raghavan, V. "Microsporogenesis and Formation of the Male Gametophyte." In Developmental Biology of Flowering Plants, 186–215. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1234-8_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gametophyte development"

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Клименко, Оксана. "Влияние холодового стресса на некоторые признаки простых гибридов кукурузы." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.34.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the heritability of certain traits under low temperatures both at the stage of early plant development and at the haploid level, while identifying potentially stress resistant and productive hybrids. 14 simple hybrids of the first generation were used as the initial materi-al. The variability of signs of early development of plants and male gametophyte under low temperatures was evaluated. The coefficients of heritability of maternal and paternal genotypes under stressful condi-tions are calculated. A reliable dependence of the variability of the "pollen grain diameter" trait on the interaction of parental genotypes with a stress factor is shown. Hybrids Mo17xN6, Mo17xW23, A285xRf7, XL12xN6, XL12xP101 were the best in terms of the characteristics studied in the experiment.
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Reports on the topic "Gametophyte development"

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Drews, Gary, N. Programmed Cell Death During Female Gametophyte Development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1014978.

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Ohad, Nir, and Robert Fischer. Regulation of Fertilization-Independent Endosperm Development by Polycomb Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695869.bard.

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Arabidopsis mutants that we have isolated, encode for fertilization-independent endosperm (fie), fertilization-independent seed2 (fis2) and medea (mea) genes, act in the female gametophyte and allow endosperm to develop without fertilization when mutated. We cloned the FIE and MEA genes and showed that they encode WD and SET domain polycomb (Pc G) proteins, respectively. Homologous proteins of FIE and MEA in other organisms are known to regulate gene transcription by modulating chromatin structure. Based on our results, we proposed a model whereby both FIE and MEA interact to suppress transcription of regulatory genes. These genes are transcribed only at proper developmental stages, as in the central cell of the female gametophyte after fertilization, thus activating endosperm development. To test our model, the following questions were addressed: What is the Composition and Function of the Polycomb Complex? Molecular, biochemical, genetic and genomic approaches were offered to identify members of the complex, analyze their interactions, and understand their function. What is the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Polycomb Proteins Accumulation? The use of transgenic plants expressing tagged FIE and MEA polypeptides as well as specific antibodies were proposed to localize the endogenous polycomb complex. How is Polycomb Protein Activity Controlled? To understand the molecular mechanism controlling the accumulation of FIE protein, transgenic plants as well as molecular approaches were proposed to determine whether FIE is regulated at the translational or posttranslational levels. The objectives of our research program have been accomplished and the results obtained exceeded our expectation. Our results reveal that fie and mea mutations cause parent-of-origin effects on seed development by distinct mechanisms (Publication 1). Moreover our data show that FIE has additional functions besides controlling the development of the female gametophyte. Using transgenic lines in which FIE was not expressed or the protein level was reduced during different developmental stages enabled us for the first time to explore FIE function during sporophyte development (Publication 2 and 3). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that FIE, a single copy gene in the Arabidopsis genome, represses multiple developmental pathways (i.e., endosperm, embryogenesis, shot formation and flowering). Furthermore, we identified FIE target genes, including key transcription factors known to promote flowering (AG and LFY) as well as shoot and leaf formation (KNAT1) (Publication 2 and 3), thus demonstrating that in plants, as in mammals and insects, PcG proteins control expression of homeobox genes. Using the Yeast two hybrid system and pull-down assays we demonstrated that FIE protein interact with MEA via the N-terminal region (Publication 1). Moreover, CURLY LEAF protein, an additional member of the SET domain family interacts with FIE as well. The overlapping expression patterns of FIE, with ether MEA or CLF and their common mutant phenotypes, demonstrate the versatility of FIE function. FIE association with different SET domain polycomb proteins, results in differential regulation of gene expression throughout the plant life cycle (Publication 3). In vitro interaction assays we have recently performed demonstrated that FIE interacts with the cell cycle regulatory component Retinobalsoma protein (pRb) (Publication 4). These results illuminate the potential mechanism by which FIE may restrain embryo sac central cell division, at least partly, through interaction with, and suppression of pRb-regulated genes. The results of this program generated new information about the initiation of reproductive development and expanded our understanding of how PcG proteins regulate developmental programs along the plant life cycle. The tools and information obtained in this program will lead to novel strategies which will allow to mange crop plants and to increase crop production.
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Ohad, Nir, and Robert Fischer. Regulation of plant development by polycomb group proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695858.bard.

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Our genetic and molecular studies have indicated that FIE a WD-repeat Polycomb group (PcG) protein takes part in multi-component protein complexes. We have shown that FIE PcG protein represses inappropriate programs of development during the reproductive and vegetative phases of the Arabidopsis life cycle. Moreover, we have shown that FIE represses the expression of key regulatory genes that promote flowering (AG and LFY), embryogenesis (LEC1), and shoot formation (KNAT1). These results suggest that the FIE PcG protein participates in the formation of distinct PcG complexes that repress inappropriate gene expression at different stages of plant development. PcG complexes modulate chromatin compactness by modifying histones and thereby regulate gene expression and imprinting. The main goals of our original project were to elucidate the biological functions of PcG proteins, and to understand the molecular mechanisms used by FIE PcG complexes to repress the expression of its gene targets. Our results show that the PcG complex acts within the central cell of the female gametophyte to maintain silencing of MEA paternal allele. Further more we uncovered a novel example of self-imprinting mechanism by the PgG complex. Based on results obtained in the cures of our research program we extended our proposed goals and elucidated the role of DME in regulating plant gene imprinting. We discovered that in addition to MEA,DME also imprints two other genes, FWA and FIS2. Activation of FWA and FIS2 coincides with a reduction in 5-methylcytosine in their respective promoters. Since endosperm is a terminally differentiated tissue, the methylation status in the FWA and FIS2 promoters does not need to be reestablished in the following generation. We proposed a “One-Way Control” model to highlight differences between plant and animal genomic imprinting. Thus we conclude that DEMETER is a master regulator of plant gene imprinting. Future studies of DME function will elucidate its role in processes and disease where DNA methylation has a key regulatory role both in plants and animals. Such information will provide valuable insight into developing novel strategies to control and improve agricultural traits and overcome particular human diseases.
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