Journal articles on the topic 'Gambling harm'
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Palmer du Preez, Katie, Jason Landon, Laura Maunchline, and Rebecca Thurlow. "A Critical Analysis of Interventions for Women Harmed by Others’ Gambling." Critical Gambling Studies 2, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cgs76.
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At present, gambling studies literature has multiple understandings of family and others affected (FAOs) by gambling harm and their support needs in play, each with different possibilities and constraints for harm reduction engagement with women. Individual psychological approaches have been privileged, eschewing the social and relational situation of gambling and harm in women’s lives. In Australasia, the majority of those seeking support in relation to a significant others’ gambling are women. Gender has been posited as a shaping force in the social stratification system, distribution of resources, and gambling and harm within society. There has been minimal engagement with the lived experiences of FAOs, which limits gambling harm reduction service development and planning. This research critically engaged with gambling harm reduction studies for FAOs, alongside interviews with eight women FAOs who presented to community services from a social constructionist perspective. The aim was to provide insight into how women FAOs position themselves and their support needs in relation to gambling harm and recovery. Data was analysed using thematic analysis informed by feminist poststructuralist theories of language. Results suggested that this small group of women were subject to intersecting patriarchal constraints and economic determinants of gambling harm. Powerful normative and moral constructions of ‘good/bad’ mothers operated to individualise some women’s responsibility for addressing harm in families and to alienate these women from gambling support services. These findings suggest that gambling services must support women and families in ways that go beyond personal functioning, extending into the social and political conditions of possibility for harm and recovery. Critical psychology and coherent gender analysis may offer opportunities to expand the role of gambling support to include advocacy, community development, and more client-led and gender-aware practice with women affected by gambling harm.
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Dowling, Nicki A., Christopher J. Greenwood, Stephanie S. Merkouris, George J. Youssef, Matthew Browne, Matthew Rockloff, and Paul Myers. "The identification of Australian low-risk gambling limits: A comparison of gambling-related harm measures." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 10, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00012.
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AbstractBackground and aimsProblem gambling severity and gambling-related harm are closely coupled, but conceptually distinct, constructs. The primary aim was to compare low-risk gambling limits when gambling-related harm was defined using the negative consequence items of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI-Harm) and the Short Gambling Harms Scale items (SGHS-Harm). A secondary aim was compare low-risk limits derived using a definition of harm in which at least two harms across different domains (e.g. financial and relationship) were endorsed with a definition of harm in which at least two harms from any domain were endorsed.MethodsData were collected from dual-frame computer-assisted telephone interviews of 5,000 respondents in the fourth Social and Economic Impact Study (SEIS) of Gambling in Tasmania. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyse were conducted to identify low-risk gambling limits.ResultsPGSI-Harm and SGHS-Harm definitions produced similar overall limits: 30–37 times per year; AUD$510–$544 per year; expenditure comprising no more than 10.2–10.3% of gross personal income; 400–454 minutes per year; and 2 types of gambling activities per year. Acceptable limits (AUC ≥0.70) were identified for horse/dog racing, keno, and sports/other betting using the PGSI definition; and electronic gaming machines, keno, and bingo using the SGHS definition. The requirement that gamblers endorse two or more harms across different domains had a relatively negligible effect.Discussion and conclusionsAlthough replications using alternative measures of harm are required, previous PGSI-based limits appear to be robust thresholds that have considerable potential utility in the prevention of gambling-related harm.
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Jeannot, Emilien, Jean Michel Costes, Cheryl Dickson, and Olivier Simon. "Revenue Associated With Gambling-Related Harm as a Putative Indicator for Social Responsibility: Results From the Swiss Health Survey." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 48 (September 23, 2021): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2021.48.6.
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Gambling behaviours represent a significant social and economic cost and an important public health problem. A putative index for monitoring gambling-related harm is a concentration of spending indicator that reports the proportion of gambling revenue derived from problem gambling. Using this indicator, we aimed to provide a first estimate of the proportion of gambling revenue associated with gambling-related harm in Switzerland according to the Swiss Health Survey. Data were obtained from the Swiss Health Survey 2017. The National Opinion Research Centre Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Loss of Control, Lying and Preoccupation (NODS-CLiP) screening tool was used as part of the questionnaire, and the study findings were evaluated to determine the prevalence of gambling-related harm. Self-reported spending on terrestrial and online gambling (including gaming tables, electronic gaming machines, lotteries, sports betting) during the past 12 months was then used to calculate the portion of gambling revenue derived from players experiencing harm. A total of 12,191 respondents were included. Gambling-related harm was reported by 3.10% of our sample, according to NODS-CLiP criteria. The findings showed that although 52% of people experiencing harm spend less than 100 francs per month on gambling, 31.3% of total spending is attributable to gambling-related harm. In addition to pre-existing national prevalence studies, data on spending should be made readily available by gambling operators and regulators, in keeping with their regulatory obligations. The revenue structure, according to gambling type, should also be provided, including data from third-party gambling operators. In an interdisciplinary effort to improve public health and consumer protection, organized national structural prevention measures should be developed and evaluated.
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Bramley, Stephanie, Caroline Norrie, and Jill Manthorpe. "Gambling-related harms and homelessness: findings from a scoping review." Housing, Care and Support 21, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hcs-02-2018-0003.
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Purpose People experiencing homelessness are being identified as a potentially vulnerable group in relation to gambling-related harm. The purpose of this paper is to explore the links between gambling-related harm and homelessness. Design/methodology/approach A scoping review of the English-language literature was conducted in 2016-2017 using a wide range of international sources. Qualitative content analysis was employed to code and identify key themes within the literature. Findings Five themes were identified: emerging knowledge about why people experiencing homelessness may participate in gambling; emerging knowledge about the prevalence of gambling within the homeless population; the likelihood that gambling-related harm is under-reported within the homeless population; emerging knowledge about the extent that people experiencing homelessness access gambling support services; and limited awareness about the potential impact of gambling participation among people experiencing homelessness. Originality/value The paper reviews research concerning the links between gambling, gambling-related harm and homelessness, which may be relevant to those working with people experiencing homelessness.
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Salonen, Anne H., Matilda Hellman, Tiina Latvala, and Sari Castrén. "Gambling participation, gambling habits, gambling-related harm, and opinions on gambling advertising in Finland in 2016." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 35, no. 3 (April 11, 2018): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072518765875.
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Background: This report is an overview of results from the 2016 Finnish Gambling Harms Survey covering the population and clinical perspectives. It summarises the main findings on gambling participation, gambling habits, gambling-related harm, and opinions on gambling advertising. Methods: The population sample ( n = 7186) was collected from three regions and the clinical sample ( n = 119) in a gambling help clinic. Results: Frequency of gambling in the population sample was characteristically once a week, while in the clinical sample it was daily. Men gambled more often than women only in the population sample. The most common gambling environments were kiosks, grocery stores or supermarkets, and home. The most typical gambling-related harms were financial or emotional/psychological harms; the amount of experienced harm was considerable among the clinical sample. The clinical sample also perceived gambling advertising as obtrusive and as a driving force for gambling. Conclusions: The results of the clinical sample imply that when gambling gets out of hand, the distinctions between gamblers’ habits diminish and become more streamlined, focusing on gambling per se – doing it often, and in greater varieties (different game types). There is a heightened need to monitor gambling and gambling-related harm at the population level, especially amongst heavy consumers, in order to understand what type of external factors pertaining to policy and governance may contribute to the shift from recreational to problem gambling.
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Delfabbro, Paul, Daniel L. King, and Neophytos Georgiou. "Positive play and its relationship with gambling harms and benefits." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9, no. 2 (June 2020): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00041.
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AbstractBackgroundEngagement in responsible or ‘positive play’ strategies is known to be negatively associated with problem gambling, as indexed by measures such as the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). Less is known about whether positive play is associated with reduced harm or a greater ability to enjoy the recreational benefits of gambling.AimsThis study investigated the relationship between positive play and gambling harm after controlling for PGSI scores and whether positive play moderated the relationship between PGSI scores and harm. It also examined whether positive play was related to perceived benefits associated with gambling.MethodsThe study utilised an online panel sample of 554 respondents who completed a survey that included the PGSI, measures of gambling harm drawn from Browne et al. (2016), and the newly developed Positive Play Scale (Wood et al., 2019). The study involved predominantly monthly gamblers with higher levels of gambling risk: 23% problem gamblers; 36% moderate risk; and 21% low risk gamblers.ResultsThe results indicated that positive play was negatively associated with reduced gambling harm. The behavioural Positive Play subscales relating to pre-commitment and honesty and control explained additional variation in harm after controlling for PGSI scores. Higher levels of positive play also moderated and reduced the relationship between the PGSI and gambling harm. Perceived benefits were, unexpectedly, found to be higher in problem gamblers and negatively related to positive play.ConclusionBehavioural measures of positive play appear to be useful moderating factors in understanding the relationship between problem gambling and harm. Higher-risk gamblers appear to experience both greater costs as well as benefits from gambling, which likely reflects a stronger personal need to engage in the activity.
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Murray Boyle, Cailem, Matthew Browne, Matthew Rockloff, and Tracy Flenady. "Opportunity Costs or Not? Validating the Short Gambling Harm Screen against a Set of “Unimpeachable” Negative Impacts." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10030549.
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Assessing the harmful consequences of gambling is an area of active investigation. One measure intended to capture gambling-related harm is the 10-item short gambling harm screen (SGHS). Although good psychometric properties have been reported, it has been suggested that the screen’s less severe probes may not represent genuinely harmful consequences, but rather may reflect rational opportunity costs. Consequently, it has been argued that the screen may lead to overestimation of the extent of gambling-related harm in the population. The current study sought to examine the psychometric performance of three less severe suspect items in the SGHS. Associations between each of these items and a specially constructed scale of relatively severe “unimpeachable” gambling harms were calculated from archival data from 5551 Australian and New Zealand gamblers. All three suspect items, both individually and upon aggregation, predicted greater endorsement of “unimpeachable” harms, and indicated the presence of gambling problems. Moreover, the SGHS as a whole is highly correlated with “unimpeachable” gambling harms. Including suspect items in the SGHS was found to improve predictions of low- and moderate-risk gambling status, but slightly decreased predictions of severe gambling problems. The results are inconsistent with the notion that SGHS harm probes capture either inconsequential consequences or opportunity costs. They confirm prior findings that harm symptomatology is unidimensional, and that the report of multiple more prevalent, but less severe, harms serves as an effective indicator of the spectrum of experienced harm.
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LaPlante, Debi A., Heather M. Gray, Pat M. Williams, and Sarah E. Nelson. "An empirical review of gambling expansion and gambling-related harm." SUCHT 64, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2018): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911/a000563.
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Abstract. Aims: To discuss and review the latest research related to gambling expansion. Method: We completed a literature review and empirical comparison of peer reviewed findings related to gambling expansion and subsequent gambling-related changes among the population. Results: Although gambling expansion is associated with changes in gambling and gambling-related problems, empirical studies suggest that these effects are mixed and the available literature is limited. For example, the peer review literature suggests that most post-expansion gambling outcomes (i. e., 22 of 34 possible expansion outcomes; 64.7 %) indicate no observable change or a decrease in gambling outcomes, and a minority (i. e., 12 of 34 possible expansion outcomes; 35.3 %) indicate an increase in gambling outcomes. Conclusions: Empirical data related to gambling expansion suggests that its effects are more complex than frequently considered; however, evidence-based intervention might help prepare jurisdictions to deal with potential consequences. Jurisdictions can develop and evaluate responsible gambling programs to try to mitigate the impacts of expanded gambling.
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Mohammed, Noor. "ইসলাম ও প্রচলিত আইনের দৃষ্টিতে জুয়া : একটি পর্যালোচনা|Gambling in the Perspective of Islam and Conventional Law : An Evaluation." ইসলামী আইন ও বিচার | Islami Ain O Bichar 19, no. 73 (May 2, 2023): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.58666/iab.v19i73.241.
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Gambling is a controversial issue in many parts of the world and is one of the abominations declared by Islam. Despite being prohibited in Islam, gambling exists in various forms in Muslim-dominated Bangladesh and the gambling sector has been expanded in many ways. Gambling brings severe harm to a person in religious and worldly life. This paper sketches the holistic view of Islam on gambling through descriptive method and states its harmful effects in the context of Bangladesh. The article provides a good number of recommendations for the prevention of gambling through an analytical approach. This write up has demonstrated that gambling causes harm at individual, social and state level and through religious and social awareness as well as application of proper laws, this harm can be reduced to the ultimate level.
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David, Jennifer L., Samantha L. Thomas, Melanie Randle, Hannah Pitt, and Mike Daube. "Parent and child perceptions of gambling promotions in Australian sport." Health Promotion International 35, no. 2 (April 14, 2019): 362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz028.
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Abstract Gambling is recognized as a significant public health problem. However, there is little research exploring community attitudes towards gambling and the development of advocacy initiatives. Engaging adults and young people in advocacy efforts is recognized as being beneficial to the successful implementation of harm prevention and reduction strategies. This study explored the attitudes of young people and their parents towards the alignment of gambling with sport, and the strategies they perceive could be used to prevent and reduce gambling related harm. Using a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach, 30 family groups from Melbourne, Australia participated in semi-structured interviews. Parents and young people were asked about gambling and its promotion, alignment with sporting codes, the potential impact on young people and strategies that may prevent or reduce gambling harm. Thematic analysis was undertaken to interpret the data. The sample comprised 29 parents, one grandparent and 48 young people. Themes emerging from the data related to the use of imagery and appeal strategies in advertisements, the normalization of betting in advertisements and the alignment of betting with sport. Parents and young people also identified a number of potential gambling harm prevention and reduction initiatives. Parents and young people were able to describe a range of strategies used by gambling companies to promote their products, understand the potential impact of these strategies, and recommend strategies to reduce harm. Given this level of understanding there is clearly an opportunity to engage young people and stakeholders in advocacy initiatives aimed at reducing and preventing gambling harm.
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Selin, Jani. "Parliamentary Debates on Gambling Policies as Political Action." Critical Gambling Studies 3, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cgs85.
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The aims of this paper are twofold: first, to demonstrate the importance and relevance of interpretive political analysis to gambling research and second, to analyze from the aforementioned perspective why politicians in Finland talk about gambling harm and gambling revenue the way they do. The speeches of the representatives in the Parliament of Finland during debates on gambling policy are analysed as political action. The analysis has three levels. The first focuses on the themes of the speeches. The results show that there are four distinct thematic dimensions in the speeches: gambling harm, revenue, regulatory system, and regulation. The second level of analysis establishes the contexts where certain themes typically occur. Typically, revenue is discussed in the context of the economic aspect of gambling while gambling harm is discussed in the context of the justification of the regulatory system. The third level of analysis explains why the themes occur in the contexts they do. The representatives´ acceptance of the self-evidence of the regulatory system forecloses any possibility of getting support for major changes to the system. This explains why the official policy aims of reducing and preventing gambling harm have not been realized. It is concluded that the approach introduced can help to understand the political aspects of gambling.
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Atherton, F., and C. Beynon. "Is gambling an emerging public health issue for Wales, UK?" Journal of Public Health 41, no. 4 (September 19, 2018): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy164.
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Abstract Background Not all gambling exposes people to the same level of harm. Harm from gambling is found at the individual, social (family and friends) and community levels. This includes financial hardship, psychological distress and interpersonal conflict or relationship breakdown. The harm from gambling to wider society includes fraud, theft, loss of productivity in the workforce and the cost of treating this addiction. The annual estimated excess cost of gambling for Wales is between £40 and £70 million. Methods This study reviews the existing data sources and literature to ascertain if gambling is an emerging public health issue in Wales. Results In Wales 61% of adults had gambled in the last year (1.5 million people). And 1.1% of the population (30 000 people) self-report as having a problem with gambling using either the Problem Gambling Severity Index or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of American Psychiatric Association tools. The ‘ripple effect’ of gambling harm can mean friends and family are highly impacted. Conclusion The existing data and literature together with the rapidly evolving developments in infrastructure demonstrate that gambling is an emerging public health issue in Wales. The impact on families and society warrants population level interventions to tackle this public health issue.
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Browne, Matthew, Nerilee Hing, Matthew Rockloff, Alex M. T. Russell, Nancy Greer, Fiona Nicoll, and Garry Smith. "A Multivariate Evaluation of 25 Proximal and Distal Risk-Factors for Gambling-Related Harm." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 4 (April 13, 2019): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8040509.
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Individual differences in the risk of developing gambling-related harm play an important role in theoretical models and practical interventions. The present study attempted comprehensive measurement and evaluation of 25 known risk factors for gambling-related harm in order to determine which factors provided large and unique explanatory power. We surveyed 1650 regular gamblers from an online panel, screening in 1174 (466 male) who passed all checks of attention and response consistency. We evaluated each risk factor based on bivariate correlations with harms, then made separate multivariate evaluations of proximal (e.g., gambling motivations) and distal (e.g., religiosity) risk factors. Almost all bivariate correlations were significant, but most distal factors were not significant in multivariate models. Trait impulsivity was the most important risk factor by a large margin. Excessive consumption, less use of safe gambling practices, and more fallacies were key proximal risks of harm. Many well-known correlates of gambling harm (e.g., youth, lower educational attainment) do not show a direct role in the development of gambling harm when controlling for other factors. The results support theoretical models that emphasise early conditioning and biological vulnerability (manifested through impulsivity). Since maladaptive cognitive and behavioural schemas appear to be more important than motivations (e.g., escape, excitement, ego), interventions may benefit by targeting these proximal drivers of harm.
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Rintoul, Angela. "Can slogans prevent gambling harm?" Lancet Public Health 7, no. 5 (May 2022): e394-e395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00002-0.
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Rintoul, Angela. "Can slogans prevent gambling harm?" Lancet Public Health 7, no. 5 (May 2022): e394-e395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00002-0.
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May-Chahal, Corinne, Leslie Humphreys, Alison Clifton, Brian Francis, and Gerda Reith. "Gambling Harm and Crime Careers." Journal of Gambling Studies 33, no. 1 (April 26, 2016): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-016-9612-z.
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Saeid, Aqeel, Slobodan Petrovski, Kathryn Shea, Jing Shi, Peter Ferentzy, Sarah Cool, and Nigel Turner. "Gambling, Problem Gambling, and Attitudes Toward Gambling in a Sample of College Students." Journal of Concurrent Disorders 1, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54127/nmpa8329.
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The present study explored gambling prevalence and attitudes toward gambling among college students. A sample of 274 Humber College students participated in an online survey from September 15th to December 15th, 2013. The survey included a scale to measure problem gambling as well as questions regarding attitudes toward gambling. The study found that 9.9% of college students were classified as moderate problem gamblers and 2.2% were classified as having a severe gambling problem. In terms of attitudes, 59.9 % of participants believed that gambling is morally wrong, and 69% felt that gambling does more harm than good; however, 81% believed that all types of gambling should be legal. For the harm and morality questions, problem gamblers had more negative attitudes towards gambling. The study also indicated significantly higher scores on the PGSI/CPGI for males in comparison to females. The results suggest that problem gambling is more common amongst college students than in the general adult population.
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Marionneau, Virve, Michael Egerer, and Janne Nikkinen. "How Do State Gambling Monopolies Affect Levels of Gambling Harm?" Current Addiction Reports 8, no. 2 (May 8, 2021): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40429-021-00370-y.
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Abstract Purpose of Review This systematic literature review evaluates the potential of gambling monopolies to affect gambling harms. It compares the occurrence of gambling harms in jurisdictions with gambling monopolies to jurisdictions with license-based regimes. Recent Findings The review identified 21 publications concerning three gambling-related harm indicators: problem gambling prevalence, total consumption, and the appearance of conflicts of interest. Due to the dearth of literature, concept papers and older publications were also included. Summary Results show that there is a paucity of empirical research on the effectiveness of different regulatory regimes in affecting gambling harms. Available research demonstrates that monopolistic regimes appear to perform somewhat better in terms of problem gambling prevalence and total consumption but may also be more prone to conflicts of interest than license-based regimes. Monopolistic configurations also differ between themselves, and issues such as availability, accessibility, product range, scope of preventive work, monitoring, as well as the recognition of the public health approach may better predict the levels of harm in society than the existence of a monopoly.
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Dowling, Nicki A., George J. Youssef, Christopher Greenwood, Stephanie S. Merkouris, Aino Suomi, and Robin Room. "The Development of Empirically Derived Australian Low-Risk Gambling Limits." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020167.
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This study derived a set of Australian low-risk gambling limits and explored the relative and absolute risk associated with exceeding these limits. Secondary analysis of population-representative Tasmanian and Australian Capital Territory (ACT) cross-sectional (11,597 respondents) and longitudinal studies (2027 respondents) was conducted. Balancing sensitivity and specificity, the limits were: gambling frequency of 20–30 times per year; gambling expenditure of AUD $380–$615 per year (USD $240–$388 per year); gambling expenditure comprising 0.83–1.68% of gross personal income; and two types of gambling activities per year. All limits, except number of activities, predicted subsequent harm, with limits related to gambling expenditure consistently the best-performing. Exceeding the limits generally conferred a higher degree of relative and absolute risk, with gamblers exceeding the limits being 3–20 times more likely to experience harm than those who do not, and having a 5–17% risk of experiencing harm. Only 7–12% of gamblers exceeding the limits actually experienced harm. Gambling consumption lower than the limits also conferred a considerable amount of harm. Using a relative risk method, this study derived similar limits from disparate Australian states and territories. These limits can serve as working guidelines for the consideration of researchers, clinicians, and policy makers, but need to be subject to further rigorous empirical investigation.
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Latvala, Tiina, Matthew Browne, Matthew Rockloff, and Anne H. Salonen. "18-Item Version of the Short Gambling Harm Screen (SGHS-18): Validation of Screen for Assessing Gambling-Related Harm among Finnish Population." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (November 3, 2021): 11552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111552.
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Background and aims: It is common for gambling research to focus on problem and disordered gambling. Less is known about the prevalence of gambling-related harms among people in the general population. This study aimed to develop and validate the 18-item version of the Short Gambling Harms Screen (SGHS-18). Methods: Population-representative web-based and postal surveys were conducted in the three geographical areas of Finland (n = 7186, aged 18 or older). Reliability and internal structure of SGHS-18 was assessed using coefficient omega and via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Four measurement models of SGHS-18 were compared: one-factor, six-factor, a second-ordered factor model and a bifactor model (M4). Results: The analysis revealed that only the bifactor model had adequate fit for SGHS-18 (CFI = 0.953, TLI = 0.930, GFI = 0.974, RMSEA = 0.047, SRMR = 0.027). The general factor explained most of the common variance compared to specific factors. Coefficient omega hierarchical value for global gambling harm factor (0.80) was high, which suggested that SGHS-18 assessed the combination of general harm constructs sufficiently. The correlation with the Problem and Pathological Gambling Measures (PPGM) was 0.44, potentially reflecting that gambling harms are closely—although not perfectly—aligned with the mental health issue of problem gambling. SGHS-18 scores were substantially higher for participants who gambled more often, who spent more money or who had gambling problems, demonstrating convergent validity for the screen. Discussion: The SGHS-18 comprehensively measures the domains of gambling harm, while demonstrating desirable properties of internal consistency, and criterion and convergent validity.
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Zhang, Wenli, Christa Fouché, and Peter James Adams. "Chinese migrants’ experiences of responding to gambling harm in New Zealand." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 34, no. 2 (July 16, 2022): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id919.
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INTRODUCTION: Forming a problematic relationship with gambling has major consequences for gamblers, families, communities, and society. As the third-largest ethnic group in New Zealand, the Chinese community in particular faces increasing challenges with casino gambling. This paper reports on Chinese migrants’ lived experience of their challenges and needs in responding to gambling harm. METHODS: Sixteen recent migrants (both gamblers and affected family members) from eight families were interviewed. Data analysis comprised a comprehensive thematic approach involving multiple readings of interview transcripts and an iterative development of themes, guided by hermeneutic phenomenological methods. FINDINGS: Participants shared their experiences of pathways into gambling and ways to respond to gambling harm. The key findings are presented as four stages, which can be conceptualised as misconnecting, disconnecting, reconnecting, and rebuilding natural life. CONCLUSION: This article presents qualitative evidence of Chinese migrants in New Zealand’s experiences with excessive gambling and considerations for service providers and policymakers when developing programmes and policies for preventing and minimising gambling harm for this population.
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Miela, Robert J., Wiesław J. Cubała, Katarzyna Jakuszkowiak-Wojten, and Dariusz W. Mazurkiewicz. "Gambling behaviours and treatment uptake among vulnerable populations during COVID-19 crisis." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 48 (September 23, 2021): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2021.48.13.
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This study aimed to explore changes in gambling behaviours and gambling disorder (GD) treatment uptake during the COVID-19 pandemic among those with a heightened vulnerability to gambling-related harm. This was a single-center, cross-sectional, retrospective case series study assessing gambling behaviours and GD counselling participation among a vulnerable population sector following the COVID-19 shutdown. The clinical records of clients at a community substance use disorder (SUD) treatment center were explored (N = 67). Eight clients (n = 8) had satisfied the objective criteria, and were qualified for data exploration and analysis of gambling activities and GD treatment participation following the COVID-19 shutdown. All clients in the study belonged to subgroups at an elevated risk for gambling-related harm, with a mean duration of gambling problems of 9.5 years. Following the COVID-19 shutdown, an increase in gambling activities was noted in five cases. Migration to online gambling was noted in three cases. In two cases, no change in gambling activities was noted, and a reduction of gambling activities was noted in one case. In seven cases, no screening for gambling problems prior to current SUD program was noted. None had a history of, nor were currently engaged in counselling for gambling problems. The COVID-19 crisis and associated increase in gambling participation, coupled with a diminutive gambling counselling uptake during the pandemic, present an opportunity to rethink current behavioural addictions service delivery model for those with an increased vulnerability to gambling-related harm. Further investigation of the changes in gambling participation, and a closer look at optimizing GD service delivery among vulnerable population sectors during the COVID-19 crisis is warranted.
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Browne, Matthew, and Matthew J. Rockloff. "The dangers of conflating gambling-related harm with disordered gambling." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 6, no. 3 (September 2017): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.059.
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Abbott, M. W. "Gambling and gambling-related harm: recent World Health Organization initiatives." Public Health 184 (July 2020): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.001.
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Monaghan, Sally, Jeffrey Derevensky, and Alyssa Sklar. "Impact of gambling advertisements and marketing on children and adolescents: Policy recommendations to minimise harm." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 22 (December 1, 2008): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2008.22.7.
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With the proliferation and acceptance of gambling in society, gambling advertisements have become increasingly prominent. Despite attempts to protect minors from harm by prohibiting them from engaging in most forms of gambling, there are few restrictions on the marketing of gambling products. Evidence of high rates of gambling and associated problems amongst youth indicates that the issue of youth gambling must be addressed to minimise harm. This paper aims to examine the current marketing techniques used to promote gambling and how they affect youth. The effect of multiple forms of advertisements will be discussed, including advertising placement in the media, point-of-sale displays, sports sponsorship, promotional products, celebrity endorsements, advertisements using Internet and wireless technology, and content which may appeal to or mislead children. Based on research in gambling and other public health domains, including tobacco, alcohol, and junk food advertising, recommendations are made for appropriate regulations for gambling advertisements to minimise the potential harms.
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Michalska, Patrycja, Anne Chatton, Louise Penzenstadler, Paweł Izdebski, Emilien Jeannot, Olivier Simon, Magali Dufour, Lucien Rochat, Suzanne Lischer, and Yasser Khazaal. "Perspective of Internet Poker Players on Harm-Reduction Strategies: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 4, 2020): 9054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239054.
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Background: Internet gambling may increase rates of gambling harm. This current study aimed to assess Internet poker players’ views on various harm-reduction (HR) strategies. It also examined differences in these views according to the games played (poker only vs. poker plus other gambling activities), indebtedness, and problem gambling severity. Methods: Internet poker players (n = 311; 94.2% Male) recruited online between 2012 and 2014 were included in the analyses and completed a survey on indebtedness, problem gambling severity index, and ten statements regarding HR features. Results: Among the whole sample, the most frequently endorsed HR strategy was setting money limits, specialized online help, and peer support forums. People who play poker only (70%) are less prone to endorse the utility of information on excessive gambling and specialized healthcare centers. No differences were found between those people with debt versus those without regarding HR assessment. Participants with severe problem gambling were more skeptical about HR strategies based on information on specialized healthcare centers. Conclusion: Setting money limits, online help, and peer support forums are the most commonly endorsed strategies. Future research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of online harm reduction strategies.
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Parke, Adrian, Andrew Harris, Jonathan Parke, Jane Rigbye, and Alex Blaszczynski. "RESPONSIBLE MARKETING AND ADVERTISING IN GAMBLING: A CRITICAL REVIEW." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 8, no. 3 (April 28, 2015): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v8i3.972.
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Marketing and advertising play a significant role in the adoption of attitudes and societal norms, which have been shown to have a direct impact on behavioural intentions, ultimately leading to behavioural execution. Concurrent with other attempts to inform policy strategy with respect to harm minimisation in gambling there is a paucity of evidence pertaining to the impact that gambling advertising has on gambling behaviour, gambling-related harm, and the efficacy of advertising regulations to minimise harm. There appears to be an overwhelming portrayal of gambling as a normative, legitimate social activity, at the expense of highlighting the potential risks involved. Furthermore, new marketing techniques utilising the social media platform are able to instil emotive and positive attitudes towards gambling brands and products, as well as enabling consumers to widely share and recommend gambling products across their online community, sometimes exposing under-age and vulnerable populations to gambling. The following paper critically reviews existing research investigating the impact of current gambling advertising and marketing campaigns on both vulnerable (i.e. adolescents and problem gamblers) and normal adult populations, looking specifically at the impact of exposure, the positive framing of gambling, and the transparency of marketing techniques. It is concluded that marketing and advertising in gambling needs to facilitate more informed choice for consumers, and a more balanced approach in the framing of gambling. It is suggested that risk information is presented asynchronously to gambling promotions, as opposed to being delivered as peripheral information, and moreover future strategies need to be based on robust empirical evidence demonstrating the impact of responsible gambling advertising and marketing on behaviour.
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Browne, Matthew, Vijay Rawat, Catherine Tulloch, Cailem Murray-Boyle, and Matthew Rockloff. "The Evolution of Gambling-Related Harm Measurement: Lessons from the Last Decade." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 4395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094395.
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Jurisdictions around the world have a self-declared mandate to reduce gambling-related harm. However, historically, this concept has suffered from poor conceptualisation and operationalisation. However, recent years have seen swift advances in measuring gambling harm, based on the principle of it being a quantifiable decrement to the health and wellbeing of the gambler and those connected to them. This review takes stock of the background and recent developments in harm assessment and summarises recent research that has validated and applied the Short Gambling Harms Screen and related instruments. We recommend that future work builds upon the considerable psychometric evidence accumulated for the feasibility of direct elicitation of harmful consequences. We also advocate for grounding harms measures with respect to scalar changes to public health utility metrics. Such an approach will avoid misleading pseudo-clinical categorisations, provide accurate population-level summaries of where the burden of harm is carried, and serve to integrate gambling research with the broader field of public health.
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Hilbrecht, Margo, David Baxter, Max Abbott, Per Binde, Luke Clark, David C. Hodgins, Darrel Manitowabi, et al. "The Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling: A revised framework for understanding gambling harm." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9, no. 2 (June 2020): 190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00024.
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AbstractBackground and aimsThe Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling moves beyond a symptoms-based view of harm and addresses a broad set of factors related to the risks and effects of gambling harmfully at the individual, family, and community levels. Coauthored by international research experts and informed by multiple stakeholders, Gambling Research Exchange (GREO) facilitated the framework development in 2013 and retains responsibility for regular updates and mobilization. This review article presents information about the revised version of the Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling completed in late 2018.MethodsWe describe eight interrelated factors depicted in the framework that represent major themes in gambling ranging from the specific (gambling environment, exposure, gambling types, and treatment resources) to the general (cultural, social, psychological, and biological influences). After outlining the framework development and collaborative process, we highlight new topics for the recent update that reflect changes in the gambling landscape and prominent discourses in the scientific community. Some of these topics include social and economic impacts of gambling, and a new model of understanding gambling related harm.Discussion and conclusionsWe address the relevance of the CFHG to the gambling and behavioral addictions research community. Harm-based frameworks have been undertaken in other areas of addiction that can both inform and be informed by a model dedicated to harmful gambling. Further, the framework brings a multi-disciplinary perspective to bear on antecedents and factors that co-occur with harmful gambling.
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Velasco, Veronica, Paola Scattola, Laura Gavazzeni, Lara Marchesi, Ioana Elena Nita, and Gilberto Giudici. "Prevention and Harm Reduction Interventions for Adult Gambling at the Local Level: An Umbrella Review of Empirical Evidence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 9484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189484.
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Concerns about negative consequences of gambling diffusion are increasing. Prevention and harm reduction strategies play a crucial role in reducing gambling supply and harms. This study aims to conduct an umbrella review of the effectiveness of gambling preventive and harm reduction strategies, which can be implemented at a local level and targeted at adults. It was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Sixteen reviews were analyzed, and 20 strategies were selected and classified in 4 areas with different targets and aims. Reducing the supply of gambling is an effective strategy both for the general population and for risky or problematic gamblers. Demand reduction interventions have been found to have limited effects but most of them are mainly focused on knowledge about risks and odds ratios. Risk reduction strategies aim to reduce contextual risk factors of the area where gambling is provided, change the gambling locations’ features, and modify individual behaviors while gambling. Smoking and alcohol bans or restrictions are considered one of the most effective strategies. Finally, harm reduction strategies targeted at problematic gamblers are potentially effective. Some relevant implementation conditions are identified and the results show inconsistent effects across different targets.
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Lakidain, Asier, and Hugo Fernández. "Moving Prevention of Gambling Harm Upstream: Opportunities in Social Policy and Research." European Public & Social Innovation Review 7, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31637/epsir.22-1.6.
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This article analyses the specificities of the policymaking and research communities to explain why policies to prevent gambling disorder and other gambling-related harms have seen little change over the last two decades. Although existing knowledge on these issues suggests the implementation of prevention interventions based on public health perspectives, there are few government-led initiatives that adopt broad approaches beyond those advocated by the Responsible Gambling perspective. This situation would be influenced by two communities of actors with distinct professional cultures: policy makers face general incompatibilities with prevention policies, which are complex and go beyond political timeframes; gambling researchers, in turn, operate in fields dominated by approaches oriented towards measuring gambling disorder and with little interest in structural issues. To address this situation, the text advocates emphasising socio-economic inequalities related to gambling by the research field and improving science communication strategies as a means of influencing action to reduce the overall negative consequences of gambling.
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Delfabbro, Paul, and Daniel L. King. "Contentious Issues and Future Directions in Adolescent Gambling Research." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 31, 2021): 11482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111482.
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Background. There is currently considerable public policy and regulatory interest in the nature and prevalence of underage gambling. Research in this area has purported to show that adolescents are at elevated risk of problem gambling and that early exposure to gambling or gambling-like activities could be a potential precursor to future harm. Method. In this commentary, we provide a critical appraisal of these arguments with reference to major studies in the field of gambling studies. It is argued that adolescent gambling research is a contentious area. Some questions remain concerning the validity of adolescent problem gambling measures, the strength of the association between adolescent and adult gambling and the impact of simulated gambling activities. Results. The paper summarises the conceptual and methodological issues that should be considered and addressed in future studies to strengthen the validity of research in this area. Conclusion. The paper encourages the greater use of harm-based measures, longitudinal and individual-level transition analyses and questions that capture the influence of activities rather than just their temporal sequencing.
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Maltzahn, Kathleen, John Cox, Sarah MacLean, Mary Whiteside, and Helen Lee. "Evolving Understandings of Bingo in Four Decades of Literature: From Eyes Down to New Vistas." Critical Gambling Studies 3, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cgs89.
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Bingo is a distinct, enduring but understudied form of gambling. It provides comfort and pleasure to many of its players while also causing harm to some. While traditionally seen as low harm, it is being reshaped by technological and regulatory change. Despite this, there is no recent overview of the literature on bingo. This narrative review seeks to fill this gap by exploring the development of literature on bingo since the 1980s, first providing a chronological overview of writing on bingo and then a brief account of major themes in the literature. The literature reviewed was primarily identified through searches of academic databases using search terms such as betting, bingo, electronic and gambling. We find that bingo research makes a number of important contributions: it allows better understanding of groups of overlooked gamblers, corrects biases in gambling literature, highlights the importance of social and structural factors in understanding gambling and employs methodological approaches that are congruent with the people and practices being studied. Additionally, it provides new perspectives on gambling in terms of skill, affect, harm and control and offers a distinct viewpoint to analyse gambling and other phenomena.
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Francis, Louise, and Charles Livingstone. "Discourses of responsible gambling and gambling harm: observations from Victoria, Australia." Addiction Research & Theory 29, no. 3 (February 8, 2021): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2020.1867111.
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Rintoul, Angela C., Charles Livingstone, Andrew P. Mellor, and Damien Jolley. "Modelling vulnerability to gambling related harm: How disadvantage predicts gambling losses." Addiction Research & Theory 21, no. 4 (October 24, 2012): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2012.727507.
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Blaszczynski, Alex. "A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE LINK BETWEEN GAMING MACHINES AND GAMBLING-RELATED HARM." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 7, no. 3 (December 9, 2013): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v7i3.818.
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It remains irrefutable that electronic gaming machines are associated with gambling-related harms. Although research on electronic gaming machines has predominantly focussed on their structural characteristics and to a lesser extent, situational variables contributing to the emergence of gambling-related harms, the precise causal mechanisms of these variables in the aetiology of gambling disorders remains inconclusive. In addition, it remains debatable as to whether or not electronic gaming machines have higher rates of problem gambling as a proportion of participants compared to other forms. Contributing to this state of uncertainty are methodological difficulties related to jurisdictional differences in the geographical location, distribution, density, and configuration of machines (payback percentages and volatility), socio-cultural and demographic features, and availability of and involvement in other gambling modes typically associated with gambling disorders. In addition, questionnaire and survey items have tended to elicit information on preferred or identified problem forms of gambling. Accordingly, gambling-related harms tend to be attributed to such identified forms without taking into consideration intensity (expenditure and frequency) and involvement in gambling modes in aggregate. It is therefore postulated that directing attention to electronic gaming machines over other forms equally capable of causing harm is not an optimal approach to harm minimisation. It may prove to be more fruitful to investigate the complex interaction between cultural/social values, accessibility and availability of all gambling products in aggregate within a community and the factors that promote participation in multiple forms rather than a narrow focus on a limited range of products.
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Nower, Lia, and Kyle R. Caler. "Widening the net: A syndemic approach to responsible gambling." SUCHT 64, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2018): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911/a000565.
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Abstract. Background: Attempts to address gambling-related harms have evolved rubrics to foster responsible gambling and informed choice. Those efforts have largely focused on apportioning the relative responsibility placed on government, industry, and individuals for reducing excessive gambling that leads to adverse consequences. Empirical evaluations of responsible gambling measures, together with proposed frameworks that set out guidelines for accountability, have met with mixed results and criticism from divergent groups of stakeholders. Aim: While harm reduction remains a worthy goal, this position paper argues against maintaining a stringent focus on the government-industry-individual triumvirate in favor of adopting a syndemic approach to gambling-related harms. Approach: A syndemic perspective suggests that gambling disorder intersects, coexists, precedes or follows other comorbid conditions and interacts with social and environmental factors that promote and enhance the negative consequences of gambling problems. This paper discussions potential syndemic stakeholders and challenges in the implementation of this approach. Conclusions: Initiatives to reduce gambling-related harm should adopt a broader perspective, involving stakeholders from diverse syndemic problem areas in developing a network to identify and address gambling problems in early stages of development across multiple settings.
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Lucchini, Fabio, and Simona Lorena Comi. "Social Costs of Gambling Harm in Italy." Critical Gambling Studies 3, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cgs50.
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The aim of this study is to provide an estimate of the social costs of gambling in Italy. In line with other research on social costs, the present study estimates the consequences of gambling harm on public finances, focusing on the estimated costs to treat high-risk gamblers, costs associated with productivity losses, costs of unemployment, personal and family costs, crime and legal costs. We used two different approaches to calculate these costs. The first approach, used for health care costs, consists of using the lump sum spent to prevent the harm caused to high-risk gamblers. The second approach involves estimating the number of high-risk gamblers causing the cost, which is then multiplied with the average unit cost per person. Our estimates of the annual social costs of gambling in Italy – more than EUR 2.3 billion – demonstrate a substantial economic burden to society. However, the costs are a substantial underestimate, as they are limited to those of a public nature and do not take into consideration those costs borne by moderate and low-risk gamblers, as well as affected others.
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Andrade, Maira, and Philip W. S. Newall. "Cryptocurrencies as Gamblified Financial Assets and Cryptocasinos: Novel Risks for a Public Health Approach to Gambling." Risks 11, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks11030049.
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Policymakers’ attempts to prevent gambling-related harm are affected by the ‘gamblification’ of, for example, video games and investing. This review highlights related issues posed by cryptocurrencies, which are decentralised and volatile digital assets, and which underlie ‘cryptocasinos’—a new generation of online gambling operators. Cryptocurrencies can be traded around the clock and provide the allure of big potential lottery-like wins. Frequent cryptocurrency traders often suffer from gambling-related harm, which suggests that many users are taking on substantial risks. Further, the lack of regulation around cryptocurrencies and social media echo chambers increases users’ risk of being scammed. In comparison to the conventional regulated online gambling sector, cryptocasinos pose novel risks for existing online gamblers, and can also make online gambling accessible to the underage, the self-excluded, and those living in jurisdictions where online gambling is illegal. Researchers and policymakers should continue to monitor developments in this fast-moving space.
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McMahon, Naoimh, Katie Thomson, Eileen Kaner, and Clare Bambra. "Effects of prevention and harm reduction interventions on gambling behaviours and gambling related harm: An umbrella review." Addictive Behaviors 90 (March 2019): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.11.048.
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Browne, Matthew, Belinda C. Goodwin, and Matthew J. Rockloff. "Validation of the Short Gambling Harm Screen (SGHS): A Tool for Assessment of Harms from Gambling." Journal of Gambling Studies 34, no. 2 (June 3, 2017): 499–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9698-y.
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Sollis, Kate, Patrick Leslie, Nicholas Biddle, and Marisa Paterson. "The Ordering of Gambling Severity and Harm Scales: A Cautionary Tale." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 48 (September 23, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2021.48.1.
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Question-order effects are known to occur in surveys, particularly those that measure subjective experiences. The presence of context effects will impact the comparability of results if questions have not been presented in a consistent manner. In this study, we examined the influence of question order on how people responded to two gambling scales in the Australian Capital Territory Gambling Prevalence Survey: The Problem Gambling Severity Index and the Short Gambling Harm Screen. The application of these scales in gambling surveys is continuing to grow, the results being compared across time and between jurisdictions, countries, and populations. Here we outline a survey experiment that randomized the question ordering of these two scales. The results show that question-order effects are present for these scales, demonstrating that results from them may not be comparable across jurisdictions if the scales have not been presented consistently across surveys. These findings highlight the importance of testing for the presence of question-order effects, particularly for those scales that measure subjective experiences, and correcting for such effects where they exist by randomizing scale order.
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Barratt, Monica J., Michael Livingston, Sharon Matthews, and Susan L. Clemens. "Gaming machine density is correlated with rates of help-seeking for problem gambling: a local area analysis in Victoria, Australia." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 29 (October 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2014.29.16.
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Local environment plays an important role in understanding gambling as a public health issue. This study uses help-seeking as an outcome measure for a local area analysis of problem gambling in Victoria, Australia. We used a cross-sectional ecological design to investigate the extent to which gaming industry and demographic, economic, and social factors are associated with rates of telephone and face-to-face counselling for problem gambling at the local government area level. Electronic gaming machine density was independently correlated with both types of help-seeking, with a range of local factors controlled. This study supports previous research that has consistently found an association between gaming machine density and problem gambling, using gaming machine expenditure as a proxy measure of harm. We build on previous work by confirming that this relationship exists when gambling harm is measured through two types of help-seeking.
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Campbell, Colin, Jeffrey Derevensky, Eric Meerkamper, and Joanna Cutajar. "Parents' Perceptions of Adolescent Gambling: A Canadian National Study." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 25 (June 1, 2011): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2011.25.4.
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Previous unsubstantiated reports by children and adolescents suggest tacit parental acceptance of their gambling behaviour. A Canadian national survey of parents with teens between the ages of 13 and 18 revealed that in general parents view adolescent gambling as a relatively unimportant issue compared to other potentially risky behaviours. Parental attitudes toward youth gambling, their knowledge and awareness of youth gambling prevention programs, and their gambling behaviours with their children suggest that gambling has become normalized, with few parents being aware of the potential seriousness of youth gambling. The results are interpreted with the aim of improving harm minimization and prevention initiatives.
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Blaszczynski, Alex, Adrian Parke, Andrew Harris, Jonathan Parkes, and Jane Rigbye. "FACILITATING PLAYER CONTROL IN GAMBLING." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 8, no. 3 (April 28, 2015): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v8i3.973.
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Research indicates that gamblers frequently set self-imposed limits on how much time and money they wish to gamble in a given gambling session, yet consistently gamble more than initially intended. The emotional and arousing impact of gambling, as well as dissociative states gamblers experience whilst gambling, may contribute to this behavioural shift which reflects a failure in self-control. Essential then, is the need for harm minimisation strategies aimed at allowing a gambler to stay in control of their decisions and behaviour during gambling, whilst concurrently limiting the negative impact this may have on the gambling experience for those who frequently stay in control. The following article evaluates the use of limit setting and pre-commitment, the use of ‘cooling off’ periods, and restricting access to additional funds as harm minimisation strategies, in terms of their efficacy in facilitating self-control in problem and non-problem gambling populations. As with any potential mass intervention, such as the use of mandatory limit setting, the need for robust empirical evidence to prove its efficacy is essential. Existing research, while providing promise, falls short of this criterion, indicating a requirement for more stringent empirical research to best guide responsible gambling practices aimed at facilitating player control during gambling.
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Forsström, David, and Jenny Cisneros Örnberg. "Responsible gambling in practice: A case study of views and practices of Swedish oriented gambling companies." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 36, no. 2 (December 6, 2018): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072518802492.
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The Swedish gambling market faces a major change in legislation that will allow foreign-based companies to apply for a gambling licence in Sweden. A key element in the new legislation are consumer protection measures. The Swedish gambling market is currently divided between licensed companies and non-Swedish-based companies providing online gambling services without a licence in Sweden. How these companies view their responsibility for preventing gambling-related harm and how prepared they are for the new regulations are important questions regarding the new Swedish gambling market. Aims: To compare and analyse the views and practices on problem gambling and responsible gambling (RG) measures among licensed and unlicensed gambling companies on the Swedish market. Design/Methods/Data: Eleven semi-structured interviews were carried out with responsible gambling managers who are members of either of the two Swedish industry associations. Content analysis was used to analyse the interviews. Results: Non-licensed companies have implemented behaviour tracking and monitoring of gamblers in a more extensive way than licensed companies. Both the licensed and the unlicensed companies conceptualise problem gambling in a similar manner and rely on informed choice in preventing gamblers from developing problems, seemingly arguing that offering responsible gambling measures on their website is enough. Conclusions: There are several similarities in how the two types of companies define problem gambling and responsible gambling. Both groups lack a critical perspective when discussing RG. There is a need for companies not only to provide RG measures, but to take an active role in preventing harm among gamblers. Future research should focus on exploring how companies work with RG after the legislative change.
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Abbott, Max. "Gambling and Gambling Harm in New Zealand: a 28-Year Case Study." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 15, no. 6 (May 1, 2017): 1221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9767-6.
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Rockloff, Matthew, Matthew Browne, Alex M. T. Russell, Nerilee Hing, Tess Armstrong, and Nancy Greer. "Legacy gambling harms: What are they and how long do they last?" Journal of Behavioral Addictions, October 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2022.00073.
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Abstract Background and aims Legacy gambling harms are negative consequences of gambling that extend past periods of low risk, moderate risk and problem gambling. Gambling harm is typically measured within a 12-month timeframe and is often restricted to examining harm amongst active gamblers. The present research aimed to explore whether people experienced gambling harms 12 months or more after the resolution of at-risk or problem gambling, and how long these legacy harms lasted. Methods An online survey was conducted in New Zealand with past and current gamblers and concerned significant others (CSOs) of gamblers, N = 1,240 (50.8% female), that asked them about both past and current gambling harms. Results A majority of both gamblers and CSOs of gamblers indicated that they still suffered from gambling harm even after most of their behavioural issues with gambling had been resolved, 12+ months ago. Legacy gambling harms reduced over time, with harms diminishing most quickly in the early years, and having an average half-life of 4 years. Harms involving community-relationships, church involvement, and domestic and other violence resolved more quickly than others. Discussion and conclusions Legacy harms are common among ex-problem gamblers and should be considered in any full accounting of the impacts of gambling. Conclusion Understanding the time course and persistence of legacy harms from gambling can provide gamblers, treatment professionals and public health experts with insights into how to address gambling's long-term consequences.
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Marionneau, Virve, Heidi Ruohio, and Nina Karlsson. "Gambling harm prevention and harm reduction in online environments: a call for action." Harm Reduction Journal 20, no. 1 (July 22, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12954-023-00828-4.
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Abstract Background Gambling is increasingly offered and consumed in online and mobile environments. The digitalisation of the gambling industry poses new challenges on harm prevention and harm reduction. The digital environment differs from traditional, land-based gambling environments. It increases many risk-factors in gambling, including availability, ease-of-access, but also game characteristics such as speed and intensity. Furthermore, data collected on those gambling in digital environments makes gambling offer increasingly personalised and targeted. Main results This paper discusses how harm prevention and harm reduction efforts need to address gambling in online environments. We review existing literature on universal, selective, and indicated harm reduction and harm prevention efforts for online gambling and discuss ways forward. The discussion shows that there are several avenues forward for online gambling harm prevention and reduction at each of the universal, selective, and indicated levels. No measure is likely to be sufficient on its own and multi-modal as well as multi-level interventions are needed. Harm prevention and harm reduction measures online also differ from traditional land-based efforts. Online gambling providers utilise a variety of strategies to enable, market, and personalise their products using data and the wider online ecosystem. Conclusion We argue that these same tools and channels should also be used for preventive work to better prevent and reduce the public health harms caused by online gambling.
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Palmer du Preez, Katie, Anna-Marie Paavonen, and Maria E. Bellringer. "Theoretically informed gender analysis for gambling harm reduction: a New Zealand study." Harm Reduction Journal 18, no. 1 (November 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00558-5.
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Abstract Background Gambling harm affects men and women relatively equally, and gender influences the social determinants of gambling harm. Responses to preventing and minimising women’s gambling harm have been shaped and constrained by population research identifying male gender as a key risk factor for gambling problems. Gender analysis in gambling studies is rare and has lacked theoretical underpinning and coherence, limiting possibilities for gender-responsive and gender-aware harm prevention and reduction activities. Methods Two influential qualitative studies of gambling harm in New Zealand (involving total n = 165 people who gambled, affected others, community leaders, gambling and community support service providers, policy makers and academics) neglected to explore the role of gender. This study revisited data collected in these studies, using thematic analysis informed by feminist social constructionist theory. The overarching research questions were: How do gender-related issues, notions and practices influence women’s gambling related harm? What are the implications for women’s gambling harm reduction? Results Women’s socio-cultural positioning as primary caregivers for families and children constrained their ability to access a range of recreational and support options and increased the attractiveness of local gambling opportunities as accessible and ‘safe’ outlets for stress reduction. Patriarchal practices of power and control within family contexts operated to maintain gambling behaviour, shut down alternative recreational opportunities, and limit women’s autonomy. Consideration of these themes in relation to current health promotion practice in New Zealand revealed that national programmes and strategies appear to be operating without cognisance of these gender dynamics and therefore have the potential to exacerbate or cause some women harm. Conclusions This study demonstrates the value of theoretically informed gender analysis for gambling harm reduction research, policy and practice. International guidelines for gender-aware and gender-responsive health research and practice should be engaged as a foundation for strategic and effective gambling harm reduction programmes, projects, research and policy, and as an essential part of developing and implementing interventions for gambling harm.