Journal articles: 'Gambling Fallacies'

1

Leonard, Carrie A., and Robert J. Williams. "The relationship between gambling fallacies and problem gambling." Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 30, no. 6 (September 2016): 694–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000189.

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Kim, Hyoun S., Alexandra Shifrin, Travis Sztainert, and Michael J. A. Wohl. "Placing your faith on the betting floor: Religiosity predicts disordered gambling via gambling fallacies." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 7, no. 2 (June 2018): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.23.

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Monreal-Bartolomé, Alicia, Alberto Barceló-Soler, Javier García-Campayo, Cruz Bartolomé-Moreno, Paula Cortés-Montávez, Esther Acon, María Huertes, et al. "Preventive Gambling Programs for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6 (March 7, 2023): 4691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064691.

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Gambling disorder in youth is an emerging public health problem, with adolescents and young adults constituting a vulnerable age group for the development of gambling-related problems. Although research has been conducted on the risk factors for gambling disorder, very few rigorous studies can be found on the efficacy of preventive interventions in young people. The aim of this study was to provide best practice recommendations for the prevention of disordered gambling in adolescents and young adults. We reviewed and synthesized the results of existing RCTs and quasi-experimental studies covering nonpharmacological prevention programs for gambling disorder in young adults and adolescents. We applied the PRISMA 2020 statement and guidelines to identify 1483 studies, of which 32 were included in the systematic review. All studies targeted the educational setting, i.e., high school and university students. Most studies followed a universal prevention strategy, that particularly targeted adolescents, and an indicated prevention strategy for university students. The reviewed gambling prevention programs generally showed good results in terms of reducing the frequency and severity of gambling, and also regarding cognitive variables, such as misconceptions, fallacies, knowledge, and attitudes towards gambling. Finally, we highlight the need to develop more comprehensive prevention programs that incorporate rigorous methodological and assessment procedures before they are widely implemented and disseminated.

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Browne, Matthew, Nerilee Hing, Matthew Rockloff, Alex M. T. Russell, Nancy Greer, Fiona Nicoll, and Garry Smith. "A Multivariate Evaluation of 25 Proximal and Distal Risk-Factors for Gambling-Related Harm." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 4 (April 13, 2019): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8040509.

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Individual differences in the risk of developing gambling-related harm play an important role in theoretical models and practical interventions. The present study attempted comprehensive measurement and evaluation of 25 known risk factors for gambling-related harm in order to determine which factors provided large and unique explanatory power. We surveyed 1650 regular gamblers from an online panel, screening in 1174 (466 male) who passed all checks of attention and response consistency. We evaluated each risk factor based on bivariate correlations with harms, then made separate multivariate evaluations of proximal (e.g., gambling motivations) and distal (e.g., religiosity) risk factors. Almost all bivariate correlations were significant, but most distal factors were not significant in multivariate models. Trait impulsivity was the most important risk factor by a large margin. Excessive consumption, less use of safe gambling practices, and more fallacies were key proximal risks of harm. Many well-known correlates of gambling harm (e.g., youth, lower educational attainment) do not show a direct role in the development of gambling harm when controlling for other factors. The results support theoretical models that emphasise early conditioning and biological vulnerability (manifested through impulsivity). Since maladaptive cognitive and behavioural schemas appear to be more important than motivations (e.g., escape, excitement, ego), interventions may benefit by targeting these proximal drivers of harm.

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Hansen, Marianne. "Treatment of problem & pathological gambling in the Nordic countries: Where we are now and where do we go next?" Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 18 (October 1, 2006): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2006.18.2.

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Treatment services specifically for pathological gambling are relatively recent in the Nordic countries. Availability and type of treatment offered varies. A common feature of most of the treatment services is that pathological gambling is treated in the same way as other types of addiction. This article is based on a survey on treatment facilities carried out during the fall of 2004. There were differences in the theoretical perspective that treatment services were based on. The most common theoretical basis was cognitive-behavioural therapy with a focus on correction of cognitive fallacies and magical thinking associated with gambling. There were clear ideological differences between the types of treatment in the different countries. There is limited knowledge about the effect of treatment over time. In the future, focus should be directed towards increased cooperation and professional development between the countries and evaluation of the effects of treatment.

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Back, Ki-Joon, Choong-Ki Lee, and Minjung Shin. "A cross-country study of gambling fallacies : South Korea, USA, and Switzerland." International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research 36, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21298/ijthr.2022.10.36.10.5.

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Leonard, Carrie A., and Robert J. Williams. "Characteristics of Good Poker Players." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 31 (November 1, 2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2015.31.5.

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Poker is characterized as a “mixed” game: a game that includes both skill and chance components. But what individual differences are characteristic of skilled poker players? No previous study has sought to evaluate the full scope of characteristics contributing to playing skill. The purpose of this study was to fill this void by attempting to comprehensively examining the individual characteristics associated with good poker players. Results from a sample of undergraduate students and community members (n = 100) showed that good players are more likely to be male, to have lower susceptibility to gambling fallacies, a greater tolerance for financial risk, superior social information processing skills, and less openness to aesthetic and imaginative experience. Evidence from this study also indicates that having sufficient levels of most of these attributes is more important for poker success than having exceptional strength in just one or two of these areas.

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Armstrong, Tess, Matthew Rockloff, Matthew Browne, and Alexander Blaszczynski. "Training gamblers to re-think their gambling choices: How contextual analytical thinking may be useful in promoting safer gambling." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 766–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00049.

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AbstractBackground and aimsHarmful gambling has been associated with the endorsement of fallacious cognitions that promote excessive consumption. These types of beliefs stem from intuitively derived assumptions about gambling that are fostered by fast-thinking and a lack of objective, critical thought. The current paper details an experiment designed to test whether a four-week online intervention to strengthen contextual analytical thinking in gamblers is effective in changing gamblers cognitions and encouraging safer gambling consumption.MethodsNinety-four regular gamblers who reported experiencing gambling-related harm were randomly allocated to either an experimental (n = 46) or control condition (n = 48), including 45 males, ranging from 19 to 65 years of age (M = 36.61; SD = 9.76). Following baseline measurement of gambling beliefs and prior week gambling consumption, participants in the experimental condition were required to complete an adaption of the Gamblers Fallacy Questionnaire designed to promote analytical thinking by educating participants on common judgement errors specific to gambling once a week for four weeks. Post-intervention measures of beliefs and gambling consumption were captured in week five.ResultsThe experimental condition reported significantly fewer erroneous cognitions, greater endorsement of protective cognitions, and reduced time spent gambling post-intervention compared to baseline. The control group also reported a reduction in cognitions relating to predicting and controlling gambling outcomes.ConclusionCognitive interventions that encourage gamblers to challenge gambling beliefs by reflecting on gambling involvement and promoting critical thinking may be an effective tool for reducing the time people invest in gambling activities.

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Donati, Maria Anna, Jessica Boncompagni, Giuseppe Iraci Sareri, Sonia Ridolfi, Adriana Iozzi, Valentina Cocci, Alfiero Arena, and Caterina Primi. "Optimizing large-scale gambling prevention with adolescents through the development and evaluation of a training course for health professionals: The case of PRIZE." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): e0266825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266825.

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In the field of adolescent gambling prevention, there is a lack of intervention studies reporting and assessing training courses for the intervention providers. The present work fills this gap by realizing a dissemination study inside the PRIZE program aimed at modifying a set of cognitive protective factors and affective risk factors. The purpose of this work was twofold: To develop and evaluate a training course with the intervention providers (Study 1), and to assess the short- and long-term effects of the intervention itself (Study 2). The training course was delivered to 44 health professionals (32 females, Mage = 39.34 years). Results showed a significant increase of correct knowledge about gambling and a significant reduction of their susceptibility to probabilistic reasoning biases. Participants also actually learnt the main competencies to conduct the educational activities, they were satisfied for the training course received, and they felt high levels of self-efficacy. The intervention was implemented with 1894 high school students (61% males; Mage = 15.68 years). In the short term, we found a significant increase of adolescents’ correct gambling knowledge, random events knowledge, and probabilistic reasoning ability, and a significant decrease of superstitious thinking, monetary positive outcome expectation, and gambling-related erroneous thoughts and fallacious behavioral choices. In the long-term, a significant decrease of gambling frequency, gambling versatility, and gambling problem severity was obtained. Overall, this work highlights the importance to train prevention program providers in order to optimize the effectiveness of large-scale gambling intervention programs towards adolescents.

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Leonard, Carrie A., and Robert J. Williams. "Fallacious beliefs: Gambling specific and belief in the paranormal." Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 51, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000113.

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11

Bickl, Andreas M., Johanna K. Loy, Ludwig Kraus, Bettina Grüne, Eva Hoch, and Larissa Schwarzkopf. "Gambling-related attitudes and dimensional structure of the GABS-15 in outpatient addiction care patients: associations with gambling disorder." Frontiers in Psychiatry 15 (October 21, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1481733.

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IntroductionIndividuals with gambling disorder (GD) harbor cognitive distortions and dysfunctional beliefs about gambling that may foster problematic gambling behaviour. Evidence on particularly detrimental attitudes and beliefs is however lacking. To close this knowledge gap, we analysed associations between gambling attitudes and beliefs (Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (GABS-15)) and severity of gambling disorder (DSM-5 criteria met) in a German cohort of 123 individuals receiving outpatient gambling treatment.MethodsData from the "Katamnese-Study" covering a 36-months timeframe with 5 assessment points was pooled. The multidimensional structure of the GABS-15 was examined using explorative and confirmatory factor analyses, followed by mixed-effect regression models using different operationalizations of the GABS-15.ResultsA three-factorial structure comprising “attitudes while gambling”, “sensation-seeking / excitement”, and "gambling fallacies” demonstrated better fit indices than the GABS-15 sum score. Only the "gambling fallacies " factor (1.00, p<0.05; 15.36, p < 0.01) was significantly associated with increased severity of GD.DiscussionAs a one-dimensional conceptualization of gambling-related attitudes and beliefs might not sufficiently guide staff of outpatient treatment facilities regarding priority setting in gambling care, evidence on attitudes with particularly detrimental associations is highly warranted. Here, focussing on mitigating "gambling' fallacies" by tailored treatment strategies appears promising.

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Ji, Li-Jun, Kayla McGeorge, Ye Li, Albert Lee, and Zhiyong Zhang. "Culture and gambling fallacies." SpringerPlus 4, no. 1 (September 17, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1290-2.

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13

Newall, Philip, and Jamie Torrance. "Having a Positive Attitude or Doing Good Deeds? An Experimental Investigation of Poker Players’ Responses to the Gambling Fallacies Measure." Collabra: Psychology 9, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/collabra.89007.

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Gambling fallacies are irrational beliefs about how gambling works, which are common among disordered gamblers, and measured by questionnaires such as the Gambling Fallacies Measure (GFM). Less is known about the potentially rational cognitions of some skilled gamblers, such as professional poker players. The present research experimentally manipulated item 5 from the GFM, “A positive attitude or doing good deeds increases your likelihood of winning money when gambling”, by comparing two new versions focusing only on a “positive attitude” or “doing good deeds” to the original version (control). Item 5 is scored so that “disagree” is the non-fallacious correct answer, but it was hypothesized that the words “a positive attitude” might increase rates of poker players selecting “agree” in a non-fallacious manner. Online experiments were conducted on samples of professional poker players (N = 379), and a broad sample of poker players with no inclusion criteria (N = 1,510). Participants’ responses to item 5 were associated with the rest of their GFM scores (GFM-9). Participants in both samples were more likely to disagree with the good deeds version, and less likely to disagree with the positive attitude version, compared to control. In comparison to the other conditions, good deeds responses were most strongly associated with GFM-9 scores among professionals, while positive attitude responses were least strongly associated with GFM-9 scores among the broad sample. The good deeds version of item 5 has advantageous measurement properties among professional poker players. New approaches are needed to better understand the potentially rational cognitions of skilled gamblers.

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14

Leonard, Carrie A., Robert J. Williams, and Daniel S. McGrath. "Gambling fallacies: Predicting problem gambling in a national sample." Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, February 18, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000673.

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15

Linnet, Jakob. "The Iowa Gambling Task and the three fallacies of dopamine in gambling disorder." Frontiers in Psychology 4 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00709.

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16

Sanmartín, Francisco J., Judith Velasco, Mario Gálvez-Lara, Fátima Cuadrado, and Juan A. Moriana. "Do problematic gamblers and loot boxers share similar fallacies of thought? A comparative analysis of cognitive biases." Frontiers in Psychology 15 (November 26, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1430926.

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Cognitive biases are associated with the beginning and maintenance of addictive behaviours. While these biases have been studied in gambling, they have yet to be thoroughly investigated in the context of loot boxes (LBs), largely because of the relatively recent emergence of this phenomenon. This study compared cognitive biases in problematic gamblers, non-problematic gamblers, LB purchasers, and free-LB openers. For this aim, 279 participants (63.1% males) with a mean age of 23.65 years (SD = 8.66) completed a self-report. The results showed no differences between problematic gamblers, LB purchasers and LB openers on illusion of control and predictive control. In contrast to LB openers, problematic gamblers and LB purchasers obtained statistically similar scores on interpretative biases, gambling-related expectancies and the total score of the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS). Only problematic gamblers experienced a higher perceived inability to stop gambling. Moreover, problematic gamblers, LB purchasers and LB openers scored higher on all biases compared to non-problematic gamblers. Eighty-six participants simultaneously gambled and used LBs. When this overlap was controlled, problematic gamblers and loot boxers shared all cognitive biases but the perceived inability to stop gambling; and scored statistically higher than non-problematic gamblers in all cognitive biases except for the illusion of control. The study provides additional evidence of the relationship between gambling and LBs.

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Forsström, David, Anders Kottorp, Alexander Rozental, Philip Lindner, Markus Jansson-Fröjmark, and Per Carlbring. "Psychometric properties of the Jonsson-Abbott Scale: Rasch and confirmatory factor analyses." Frontiers in Psychology 13 (September 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.936685.

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Measuring and assessing the different aspects of gambling behavior and its consequences is crucial for planning prevention, treatment, and understanding the development of at-risk and problem gambling. Studies indicate that instruments measuring problem gambling produce different results based on the characteristics of the population assessed. To accurately measure at-risk and problem gambling behavior, especially in a low-risk population, measures must cover a wider set of dimensions than the negative consequences already manifest. The Jonsson-Abbott Scale (JAS) includes items that cover overconsumption, actions that reinforce gambling behavior, and belief in gambling fallacies, based on a three-factor structure and has previously demonstrated good psychometric properties. However, there is a need to investigate how the instrument also functions in low-risk populations. This study aims to do so using both confirmatory factor and Rasch analysis; this research included 1,413 Swedish participants who endorsed at least one JAS item. The results replicated the previous three-factor solution and indicated that the instrument had good reliability. In addition, the results demonstrated that the three factors are independent, and the overall score per factor needs to be analyzed. In summary, the JAS appears suitable for use in low-risk populations to measure various aspects of gambling behavior.

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18

Leonard, Carrie A., and Robert J. Williams. "Gambling Fallacies: What are They and How are They Best Measured?" Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy 06, no. 04 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000256.

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19

Newall, Philip, Matthew Rockloff, Hannah Thorne, Alex M. T. Russell, Tess Visintin, Nerilee Hing, Matthew Browne, and Georgia Dellosa. "Skill-Based Electronic Gaming Machines: Features that Mimic Video Gaming, Features that could Contribute to Harm, and Their Potential Attraction to Different Groups." Journal of Gambling Studies, April 23, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-024-10296-5.

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AbstractNew gambling products have been developed over time as technology permits. For example, early mechanical slot machines were later replaced by electronic gaming machines (EGMs), which enabled a faster speed of play and more immersive experience. EGMs have in the decades since their invention become one of the main drivers of gambling expenditure worldwide and are one of the gambling products most strongly associated with harm. This literature review considers research relevant to a new subcategory of EGM, ‘skill-based’ EGMs, termed ‘SGMs’ here. SGMs can be highly varied in content, with some representing a minimal departure from EGMs, where the typical bonus round is replaced by some skill-based activity, such as a simple video game, which could increase the machine’s appeal. Other SGMs feature more radical departures from conventional EGMs, such as multiplayer games using intellectual property from popular TV shows or video games. These skill-based elements could tap into common gambling fallacies such as the illusion of control, and therefore facilitate harmful engagement. SGMs could also be less harmful than current EGMs, if skill-based elements break the dissociative states associated with EGM gambling. The intellectual property used in SGMs may increase their appeal among people who generally do not gamble, and the skill-based elements could increase their interest among gamblers who predominately prefer skill-based gambling formats such as sports betting. The novelty and varied content of SGMs present many open questions, which research should aim to address in future.

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Williams, Brenton M., Matthew Browne, Matthew Rockloff, George Stuart, and Bradley P. Smith. "Protective Action and Risky Beliefs: The Relationship Between Religion and Gambling Fallacies." Journal of Gambling Studies, April 29, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-021-10028-z.

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Newall, Philip W. S., and Jian-Qiao Zhu. "Skilled poker players provide more accurate responses than amateur poker players to the Gambling Fallacies Measure." Journal of Gambling Issues, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/nfyv4596.

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22

Jonsson, Jakob, Max W. Abbott, Anders Sjöberg, and Per Carlbring. "Measuring Gambling Reinforcers, Over Consumption and Fallacies: The Psychometric Properties and Predictive Validity of the Jonsson-Abbott Scale." Frontiers in Psychology 8 (October 16, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01807.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gambling Fallacies'

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