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1
Nyman, John A. "Is the Gambler’s Fallacy Really a Fallacy?" Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 1, no. 3 (January 2, 2013): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v1i3.516.
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The behavior known as the gambler’s fallacy is exhibited when gamblers increase their wager after a series of losses. The conventional interpretation of this behavior is that, after a series of losses, the gambler views the probability of winning as increasing. However, if the probability is independently and identically distributed (as it normally is), previous losses do not affect the probabilities of subsequent gambles, hence the fallacy.This paper suggests an alternative explanation for the gambler’s fallacy behavior. It holds that the gambler views the probability of a series of (outcomes resulting in) losses as very small. Therefore, from an ex ante perspective, consumers strategize that if they lose, they will increase their wagers because a long series of losses is unlikely. A simulation demonstrates the rationality of the gambler’s fallacy behavior by showing positive winnings when the theoretical expectation is $0.This same behavioral assumption is also behind the St. Petersburg Paradox. The difference is that the low probability of a series motivates people to gamble with the gambler’s fallacy, but motivates people not to gamble with (or more accurately, not pay very much for) the St. Peters Paradox. If anything, the gambler’s fallacy is a fallacy regarding the adequacy of the consumer’s bankroll, rather than a fallacy regarding a change in the probability of winning.
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Corney, Roslyn, and Janette Davis. "The attractions and risks of Internet gambling for women: A qualitative study." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 24 (July 1, 2010): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2010.24.8.
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In this qualitative study, 25 females were interviewed who gambled frequently on the Internet. This paper describes the women's views about the Internet as a place to gamble and the associated risks. Volunteers were recruited from a wide range of sources in the UK and included 16 problem gamblers and 9 frequent gamblers. The women identified a number of features of the Internet that made it easy to gamble, such as its accessibility from home, its anonymity, and its privacy. The Internet was seen as less of a male domain and a place where women could learn to gamble. Frequent gamblers saw Internet gambling as a fun and social activity. All women recognised that they were at risk of excessive Internet gambling, and frequent gamblers had developed strategies to reduce these risks. The paper concludes with some measures that could identify and support those at risk.
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Hopfgartner, Niklas, Tiago Santos, Michael Auer, Mark Griffiths, and Denis Helic. "Social Facilitation Among Gamblers: A Large-Scale Study Using Account-Based Data." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 15 (May 22, 2021): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v15i1.18052.
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Previous research suggests that the presence of other gamblers in a gambling venue intensifies individual gambling behavior. To study such potential social facilitation among gamblers, we conduct a large-scale analysis of more than one million gambling sessions using player tracking data of the Norwegian gambling operator Norsk Tipping. In particular, we empirically assess the existence and strength of this facilitation, and how it manifests in differently utilized gambling venues. In our study, we control for (i) each individual's co-gamblers (frequent vs. occasional co-gamblers) and for (ii) the magnitude of individual's social participation (social seeking vs. social avoiding gamblers). We find that gamblers stake more money and play longer sessions the more crowded the venues get and that social avoiding gamblers gamble more when they play with their most-frequent co-gambler. Interestingly, our results strongly indicate that social avoiding gamblers are more susceptible to social facilitation than gamblers who are familiar with crowded gambling venues. Overall, our research is the first large-scale study of social facilitation among gamblers introducing a novel framework to empirically measure this effect. We believe that our work will have important practical implications for both gambling behavior researchers as well as the gambling industry in designing and evaluating responsible gambling tools.
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Guo, Teng, Feng Liu, and Wen Wang. "Visual Gambling." International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 10, no. 3 (July 2018): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdcf.2018070104.
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This article proposes a visual gambling scheme, in which the banker encodes several images into random-looking share images that are printed on transparencies and declares the contents of the original images at the same time. Afterwards the gambler chooses a random-looking share image and guesses the content of his chosen share. The result of this gamble can be revealed by physically stacking the gambler's share transparency and a previously public share transparency. If the gambler guesses correctly, he wins and takes all the money, otherwise the banker wins and takes all the money. After the gamble is over, the banker reveals the content of each share image to ensure that the banker is not cheating. The whole process is done with the help of several transparencies on an open table and relies on no computing device. In addition, the scheme provides a brand-new experience for gamblers when compared to the traditional dicing approach, and may gain some popularity in casinos.
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Blatz, Robert E. "Gambling Loss Deductions: “The Three Faces of Eve” Revisited." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr.2003.1.1.1.
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The growth of legalized casino gambling in the United States will no doubt spur an increase in the number of gamblers who are required to report their respective winnings annually for federal income tax purposes. Yet, the primary tax concern of many gamblers is “how to deduct losses.” Basically, all gamblers are impacted by I.R.C. § 165(d), which limits gambling loss deductions to gambling gains and effectively disallows carry-backs or carry-forwards of excess gambling losses. But like Joanne Woodward's character in the film “The Three Faces of Eve,” gambling loss deductions possess multiple personalities. If the gambler is a “professional,” his losses are broadly defined and subject to I.R.C. § 165(d) ceiling limit. Conversely, a “casual” gambler's losses are narrowly defined and subject to even more code-imposed ceiling limits. Then again, a “commercial gaming establishment” is apparently not subject these limitations. According to the Commissioner, a professional gambler's “wagering losses” include not only the money wagered, but also many other related expenses incurred in order to enter into a wagering transaction. This can logically occur only when these expenses are capitalized into the wager or bet. However, such capitalization is not currently required under either I.R.C. § 263 or the Indopco decision. In fact, casual gamblers are precluded from capitalizing such related expenses into their wagers. Yet, this prohibition provides no tax benefit to casual gamblers. For, the Commissioner has, on scant authority, disallowed both I.R.C. §§ 212(1) and 183(b) deductions for these related expenses.
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Ligneul, R., G. Sescousse, G. Barbalat, P. Domenech, and J. C. Dreher. "Shifted risk preferences in pathological gambling." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 5 (August 30, 2012): 1059–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712001900.
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BackgroundPathological gambling (PG) is an impulse control disorder characterized by excessive monetary risk seeking in the face of negative consequences. We used tools from the field of behavioral economics to refine our description of risk-taking behavior in pathological gamblers. This theoretical framework allowed us to confront two hypotheses: (1) pathological gamblers distort winning probabilities more than controls; and (2) pathological gamblers merely overweight the whole probability range.MethodEighteen pathological gamblers and 20 matched healthy participants performed a decision-making task involving choices between safe amounts of money and risky gambles. The online adjustment of safe amounts, depending on participants' decisions, allowed us to compute ‘certainty equivalents’ reflecting the subjective probability weight associated with each gamble. The behavioral data were then fitted with a mathematical function known as the ‘probability weighting function’, allowing us to disentangle our two hypotheses.ResultsThe results favored the second hypothesis, suggesting that pathological gamblers' behavior reflects economic preferences globally shifted towards risk, rather than excessively distorted probability weighting. A mathematical parameter (elevation parameter) estimated by our fitting procedure was found to correlate with gambling severity among pathological gamblers, and with gambling affinity among controls.ConclusionsPG is associated with a specific pattern of economic preferences, characterized by a global (i.e. probability independent) shift towards risky options. The observed correlation with gambling severity suggests that the present ‘certainty equivalent’ task may be relevant for clinical use.
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Yokotani, Kenji. "A Change Talk Model for Abstinence Based on Web-Based Anonymous Gambler Chat Meeting Data by Using an Automatic Change Talk Classifier: Development Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): e24088. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24088.
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Background Change and sustain talks (negative and positive comments) on gambling have been relevant for determining gamblers’ outcomes but they have not been used to clarify the abstinence process in anonymous gambler meetings. Objective The aim of this study was to develop a change talk model for abstinence based on data extracted from web-based anonymous gambler chat meetings by using an automatic change talk classifier. Methods This study used registry data from the internet. The author accessed web-based anonymous gambler chat meetings in Japan and sampled 1.63 million utterances (two-sentence texts) from 267 abstinent gamblers who have remained abstinent for at least three years and 1625 nonabstinent gamblers. The change talk classifier in this study automatically classified gamblers’ utterances into change and sustain talks. Results Abstinent gamblers showed higher proportions of change talks and lower probability of sustain talks compared with nonabstinent gamblers. The change talk model for abstinence, involving change and sustain talks, classified abstinent and nonabstinent gamblers through the use of a support vector machine with a radial basis kernel function. The model also indicated individual evaluation scores for abstinence and the ideal proportion of change talks for all participants according to their previous utterances. Conclusions Abstinence likelihood among gamblers can be increased by providing personalized evaluation values and indicating the optimal proportion of change talks. Moreover, this may help to prevent severe mental, social, and financial problems caused by the gambling disorder.
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Shen, Siyi. "Overview of the nature and development of gambling from the perspective of probability." Theoretical and Natural Science 12, no. 1 (November 17, 2023): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/12/20230436.
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In 1654, Pascal and Fermar discussed how two gamblers should fairly divide their winnings after a break in play, and they came up with the right answer for the first time. Many gamblers are convinced that luck is always on their side and the odds of victory are always in their hands because gambling that is based on random games does not require too many skills and strategies to gamble based on the gambler's luck and competitiveness. Can gambling activities that draw large numbers of gamblers actually result in a profit? Making a lot of money through sheer luck is a pipe dream, according to the principles of probability that govern random games like winning and losing in gambling. This paper employs a method based on literature reviews to first assess the core of gambling from a probability perspective, then discuss the previous contributions of gambling, and lastly discuss the significance of probability and the future development of gambling.
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Harris, Nicholas, and Dwight Mazmanian. "Cognitive Behavioural Group Therapy for Problem Gamblers who Gamble over the Internet: A Controlled Study." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 33 (August 1, 2016): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2016.33.10.
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Several studies have found higher rates of problem gambling among Internet gamblers than non-Internet gamblers. Because of easy access and convenience, along with other gaming characteristics, many researchers in the field have advanced the argument that Internet gambling is potentially more addictive and problematic than land-based gambling activities. However, research examining the efficacy of treatments for problem gamblers who gamble over the Internet has not yet been conducted. The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy of group cognitive behavioural therapy for self-identified problem Internet gamblers. Thirty-two participants were randomly assigned to either the treatment group (n = 16) or wait list (delayed treatment) comparison group (n = 16). Results indicated that the treatment was efficacious in improving three of the four dependent variables from pre- to post-test/treatment: number of DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling endorsed, perception of control over gambling, and number of sessions gambled. No significant pre- to post-test/treatment difference was found between groups on desire to gamble. Groups were combined to examine treatment outcome over time, with results showing significant pre- to post-treatment and pre- to three-month post-treatment improvement for all four dependent variables.
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George, Sanju, TS Jaisoorya, Sivasankaran Nair, Anjana Rani, Priya Menon, Revamma Madhavan, Jeevan Chakkandan Rajan, et al. "A cross-sectional study of problem gambling and its correlates among college students in South India." BJPsych Open 2, no. 3 (May 2016): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002519.
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BackgroundIn the Western world, a significant portion of college students have gambled. College gamblers have one of the highest rates of problem gambling. To date, there have been no studies on gambling participation or the rates of problem gambling in India.AimsThis study evaluated the prevalence of gambling participation and problem gambling in college students in India. It also evaluated demographic and psychosocial correlates of gambling in that population.MethodWe surveyed 5784 college students from 58 colleges in the district of Ernakulam, Kerala, India, using cluster random sampling. Students completed questionnaires that addressed gambling, substance use, psychological distress, suicidality and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).ResultsA total of 5580 completed questionnaires were returned, and while only 1090 (19.5%) college students reported having ever gambled, 415 (7.4%) reported problem gambling. Lotteries were the most popular form of gambling. Problem gamblers in comparison with non-gamblers were significantly more likely to be male, have a part-time job, greater academic failures, higher substance use, higher psychological distress scores, higher suicidality and higher ADHD symptom scores. In comparison with non-problem gamblers, problem gamblers were significantly more likely to have greater academic failures, higher psychological distress scores, higher suicidality and higher ADHD symptom scores.ConclusionsThis study, the first to look at the prevalence of gambling in India, found relatively low rates of gambling participation in college students but high rates of problem gambling among those who did gamble. Correlates of gambling were generally similar to those noted in other countries. Since 38% of college students who had gambled had a gambling problem, there is a need for immediate public health measures to raise awareness about gambling, and to prevent and treat problem gambling in this population.
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Auer, Michael, Doris Malischnig, and Mark Griffiths. "Is "pop-up" messaging in online slot machine gambling effective as a responsible gambling strategy?" Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 29 (October 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2014.29.3.
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Certain gambling operators now provide social responsibility tools to help players gamble more responsibly. One such innovation is the use of pop-up messages that aim to give feedback to the players about the time and money they have thus far spent gambling. Most studies of this innovation have been conducted in laboratory settings, and although controlled studies are indeed more reliable than real-world studies, the non-ecological validity of laboratory studies is still an issue. This study investigated the effects of a slot machine pop-up message in a real gambling environment by comparing the behavioural tracking data of two representative random samples of 400,000 gambling sessions before and after the pop-up message was introduced. The study comprised approximately 200,000 gamblers. The results indicated that, following the viewing of a pop-up message after 1000 consecutive gambles on an online slot machine game, nine times more gamblers ceased their gambling session than did those gamblers who had not viewed the message. The data suggest that pop-up messages can influence a small number of gamblers to cease their playing session, and that pop-ups appear to be another potentially helpful social responsibility tool in reducing excessive play within session.
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Brañas-Garza, Pablo, Nikolaos Georgantzís, and Pablo Guillen. "Direct and indirect effects of pathological gambling on risk attitudes." Judgment and Decision Making 2, no. 2 (April 2007): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500000103.
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AbstractWe study individual decision making in a lottery-choice task performed by three different populations: gamblers under psychological treatment (“addicts”), gamblers’ spouses (“victims”), and people who are neither gamblers or gamblers’ spouses (“normals”). We find that addicts are willing to take less risk than normals, but the difference is smaller as a gambler’s time under treatment increases. The large majority of victims report themselves unwilling to take any risk at all. However, addicts in the first year of treatment react more than other addicts to the different values of the risk-return parameter.
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Sundali, James A., Amanda H. Safford, and Rachel Croson. "The impact of near-miss events on betting behavior: An examination of casino rapid roulette play." Judgment and Decision Making 7, no. 6 (November 2012): 768–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500003326.
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AbstractWe examine how almost winning in roulette affects subsequent betting behavior. Our main finding is heterogeneity in gambler behavior with some gamblers less likely to bet on numbers that were near misses on the prior spin and other gamblers more likely to bet on near miss numbers. Using a unique data set from the game rapid roulette, we model the likelihood of a gambler betting on a near miss number while controlling for the favorite number bias and the likelihood of a number being a near miss. We also find no evidence that near misses in roulette leads to gamblers extending the time spent gambling or to the placing of more bets.
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Nayoski, Nicole, and David C. Hodgins. "The Efficacy of Individual Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) for Concerned Significant Others of Problem Gamblers." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 33 (August 1, 2016): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2016.33.11.
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Treatment options for concerned significant others (CSOs) of problem gamblers are limited, and available treatments focus exclusively on the distress of CSOs. Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) is a comprehensive treatment program for CSOs of substance abusers that has been shown to reduce CSO distress in addition to the substance abuser's alcohol or drug behaviour. CRAFT capitalizes on the well-documented fact that family members have considerable influence on the substance abuser's decision to enter treatment. The present study modified the CRAFT approach into an individual treatment format for CSOs of problem gamblers and examined its efficacy in comparison to a CRAFT self-help workbook in a randomized clinical trial. A total of 31 participants were recruited. No statistical differences were found between the groups; however, effect sizes indicated that participants who received the CRAFT individual intervention seemed to have better outcomes than did those who received the CRAFT workbook (decreased days and dollars gambled by the gambler and improved CSO functioning). No differences between groups were found for gambler treatment entry rates over the follow-up period in terms of effect sizes. The results provide initial, but limited, support for the CRAFT approach delivered to CSOs of treatment-resistant problem gamblers in an individual treatment format compared with the self-help workbook format. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to gauge the efficacy of the CRAFT individual intervention compared with the CRAFT self-help workbook.
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Arkes, Jeremy. "DO GAMBLERS CORRECTLY PRICE MOMENTUM IN NBA BETTING MARKETS?" Journal of Prediction Markets 5, no. 1 (December 19, 2012): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jpm.v5i1.485.
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There is little research on whether new information is correctly synthesized in prediction markets. Previous studies have found evidence consistent with, but have not proved, gambler misperceptions on the existence of momentum effects in the NBA. I use novel momentum measures that, unlike prior studies, incorporate the strengths of the opponent and the wins (or losses). With these measures, I test whether gamblers correctly synthesize information on momentum in the NBA. Contrary to previous studies, I find strong evidence for the existence of a momentum effect. Furthermore, gamblers incorporate momentum into their beliefs on the game outcomes. Gamblers, however, significantly overstate the importance of momentum. But, there is little evidence that the extent of this gambler misperception is large enough to generate market inefficiencies, or profit opportunity. Still, the gambler mis-pricing of the information has implications for how well new information is synthesized in other types of prediction markets.
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Wong, Irene Lai Kuen. "Internet gambling: A school-based survey among Macau students." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 38, no. 3 (April 1, 2010): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.3.365.
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Internet gambling was examined among 422 Macau students (240 male; 182 female) aged 12-22, who were recruited from 6 schools. Results indicated that 6.6% of the participants had gambled online in the past year, wagering on soccer matches (50%), mahjong (35.7%), and casino games (14.3%). They were attracted by the operators' acceptance of low wagers (39.3%), anonymity assurance (28.6%), and convenience and accessibility (25%). Using the Massachusetts Gambling Screen (MAGS; Shaffer, LaBrie, Scanlan, & Cummings, 1994), 10.7% and 25% of the Internet gamblers could be classified as problem and pathological gamblers, respectively. Males were twice as likely as females to gamble online and have gambling problems. Rates of participation and problem gambling increased with school grades. Survey results shed light on prevention.
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Myrseth, Helga, Ståle Pallesen, Helge Molde, Odd E. Havik, and Guy Notelaers. "Psychopathology and Personality Characteristics in Pathological Gamblers: Identifying Subgroups of Gamblers." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 32 (May 1, 2016): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2016.32.5.
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We examined psychopathology and personality characteristics among 62 pathological gamblers (49 men and 13 women; mean age 37.8 years), measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). The mean MMPI-2 profile of the present sample of gamblers was characterized by elevated scores on depression and psychasthenia (anxiety/tension). Latent class analysis revealed 3 separate latent clusters: one with MMPI-2 profiles within the normal range, one with a moderately elevated profile, and one with elevations on most of the clinical scales. We conclude that pathological gamblers are a heterogeneous group with different degrees of pathology and personality configurations; thus, one cannot talk about a general "gambler personality" as such. Interventions for pathological gamblers should therefore take into consideration the pattern and the level of psychopathology of the patients.
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Savard, Annie-Claude, Mélina Bouffard, Jean-Philippe Laforge, and Sylvia Kairouz. "Social Representations of Responsibility in Gambling among Young Adult Gamblers: Control Yourself, Know the Rules, do not become Addicted, and Enjoy the Game..." Critical Gambling Studies 3, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cgs88.
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The responsible gambling approach is the subject of significant debate in the scientific community due to its tendency to individualize responsibility, focusing heavily on the gambler’s responsibility for gambling-related harm. Despite the gambler, and their responsibility, being the focus of responsible gambling discourse, their voices and perspectives remain largely absent. This study aims to address this limitation by documenting the social representations of the concept of responsibility held by gamblers themselves. How does the gambler perceive the concept of responsibility? Do they have an individual-centred understanding of this concept or are they able to distinguish their individual responsibility from that of the other stakeholders? This qualitative research is based on semi-structured interviews with 30 young adults (aged between 18 and 30 years old) who participated in gambling activities in the year preceding the research interview (2018). The results reveal that the social representations of responsibility held by gamblers fit into five categories: self control, knowing the rules and making the right decision, enjoying the game, not becoming an addict, and preventing harms related to gambling. All of these categories were found to be rooted in an individual perspective of responsibility. These results are discussed in light of the process of constructing the social representations of responsibility within the responsible gambling approach and in a neoliberal context.
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Dalina Amonhaemanon. "Financial Literacy and Financial Risk Tolerance of Lottery Gamblers in Thailand." International Journal of Business and Society 23, no. 2 (August 8, 2022): 633–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.4830.2022.
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This paper investigates the impacts of financial literacy level, financial risk tolerance and demographic characteristics on gambling behavior of informal laborers. The data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Multinomial Logistic Regression. The total of 995 participants used in this research were collected by Multi-Stage Randomization from the informal laborers in Southern Thailand. The empirical analysis revealed that the financial literacy confidence, the risk tolerance, and the demographic characteristics were significant determinants of the gambler’s behavior. The older the gamblers were, the more they got addicted to gambling. Also, the more the people perceived that they have a high level of financial literacy, the more they would gamble. However, it was found that the female laborers were more frequent gamblers than the males. Thus, agencies responsible for supervising the financial education should be aware of the expected outcomes, not only focusing on actual financial literacy, but also supporting the individuals to achieve a healthy level of financial literacy confidence.
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Min, Yingkai, Sunny Zhenzhen Nong, Lawrence Hoc Nang Fong, and Anise Man Sze Wu. "Fallacy Bias in Casino Gaming." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 15, no. 1 (November 4, 2022): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v15i1.1977.
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Fallacy bias is salient in gamblers’ minds and plays a crucial role in motivating gamblers to bet. The bias stems from people’s misconception that independent outcomes are autocorrelated. It makes an indirect but significant contribution to the revenue of casinos. However, from the perspective of corporate social responsibility, casinos should not indulge the bias. To strike the balance, casino practitioners need to understand the triggering factors of fallacy bias and whether the bias varies with gamblers’ characteristics. While gamblers’ racial difference in fallacy bias remains unknown, this study adopted non-participatory observation and analyzed the bets of 501 non-Asian and 206 Asian Roulette gamblers in an Australian casino. Results showed that non-Asian players had a stronger tendency towards gambler’s fallacy than their Asian counterparts. The influences of length and frequency of the latest outcome on the betting decisions did not vary with race. The findings provide useful implications for casino management.
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Cunha, Diana, and Ana Paula Relvas. "Gambling and the Couple: Comparing Gamblers' and Spouses' Views on Family, Marital and Individual Levels." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 31 (November 1, 2015): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2015.31.10.
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This study compares the perspectives of 19 pathological gamblers with those of 13 pathological gamblers' spouses (N = 31) with regard to family (i.e., family functioning and quality of life), marital variables (i.e., dyadic adjustment and marital satisfaction) and individual variables (i.e., congruence, differentiation of the self and psychopathological symptomatology). Regarding individual functioning, the gamblers and spouses presented with psychological symptomatology, as both had values that are typical for emotionally disturbed populations. Moreover, the gamblers showed additional difficulties with regard to congruence. The results show that the gamblers' perspectives on family and marital life were less affected by difficulties, yet this difference was most pronounced in marital life. The primary limitations of the current study are regarding the independence of the subsamples (i.e., the participants were married or had marital life partners but were not couples) and the small sample size. Nevertheless, the current results call into question the ‘truths' that are taken for granted by previous literature (e.g., gambler's perceptions of marital problems) and highlight the challenges that couples' therapists face regarding perspective differences in couples experiencing a gambling problem.
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Horch, Jenny, and David Hodgins. "Stereotypes of problem gambling." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 28 (December 1, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2013.28.10.
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Introduction: Research supports the notion that problem gambling is stigmatized, yet little is known about stereotypes, a key variable in the stigmatization process. Method: University students (41 male, 110 female) generated words when presented with one of three labels: gambler, problem gambler, and gambling addict. An adjective checklist permitted participants to select words characteristic of problem gamblers and was administered to additional student (N=790) and problem gambling samples (N=74). Results: Content and frequency analyses revealed that problem gamblers were considered compulsive, impulsive, desperate, irresponsible, risk-taking, depressed, greedy, irrational, antisocial, and aggressive. Problem gambling and gambling addict labels generated more words regarding negative gambling consequences. Gambler resulted in more miscellaneous words (e.g., casino, money). Conclusions: Stereotype content was not entirely inaccurate and the label gambler was not neutral. Future research could examine which aspect of stereotype content invites stigmatization.
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MacKay, T. L., D. Hodgins, N. Bard, and M. Bowling. "FC18-02 - Cognitive distortions among online gamblers." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73615-x.
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Addictive disorders are being increasingly influenced by technology and one of the most recent developments is for gamblers to access games via the Internet. Prevalence data show that up to 10% of the population gamble online and studies have consistently indicated that Internet gamblers are particularly susceptible to developing gambling problems. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore differences between Internet and non-Internet gamblers to help determine why online gamblers are more likely to have gambling problems. Three hundred and seventy four participants (143 online gamblers, 172 males) from a large Canadian university completed an online questionnaire to investigate demographic, medium-related, comorbid psychological and cognitive factors with strong empirical support for contributing to problem gambling severity. Variables that significantly differentiated Internet and non-Internet gamblers in a univariate analyses were entered into a logistic regression to predict online gambling. A test of the full model was statistically significant, correctly classifying 77% of gamblers (64% of Internet gamblers and 85% of non-Internet gamblers). Cognitive distortions made an independent contribution to predicting Internet gamblers from those that had never wagered online. A hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that cognitive distortions added significantly to problem gambling severity among online gamblers after controlling for other contributing variables. The findings have implications for clinicians working with Internet gamblers to specifically address thoughts related to luck, perseverance and illusion of control. As gambling technologies change and evolve, research needs to inform practice by identifying possible causal factors contributing to problem severity.
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Goulet, Annie, and Isabelle Giroux. "Les comportements violents: comparaison des couples selon que l'homme est perçu ou non par sa conjointe comme un joueur problèmatique." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 30 (May 1, 2015): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2015.30.9.
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Marital problems, reported by a vast majority of problem gamblers, could worsen into violent behaviors. The purpose of this study consists of comparing couples in which the woman perceives her partner as a problem gambler with couples in which the partner is perceived as a non-problem gambler regarding dimensions and severity of violent behaviors inflicted and experienced by the women. Telephone interviews were conducted with 156 participants, 54 of which were in a relationship with a perceived problem gambler. Results indicated that more women with a perceived problem gambler partner report committing behaviors of physical violence and severe forms of psychological/verbal violence, compared with those whose partner is not perceived as a problem gambler. A greater number of these women were also victim of physical and psychological/verbal violence and of severe forms of these types of violence. In the long term, a better understanding of violence among these couples will provide guidelines to adapt interventions offered to gamblers and their relatives.
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Lalander, Philip. "Swedish machine gamblers from an ethnographic perspective." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 18 (October 1, 2006): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2006.18.5.
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This article presents an ethnographic analysis of the biggest money-maker in Swedish gambling, namely, the state-owned electronic gambling machines, called Jack Vegas machines. The focus is on (1) social dimensions of the game and (2) various gambler types that develop in the Jack Vegas environment. In the section about social dimensions, there is a discussion about social interaction between gamblers and between gamblers and staff/owners of restaurants with the machines. There is a kind of sociality in Jack Vegas environments, but also feelings of irritation and frustration among the players. The text discusses the gambling types developed by Sue Fisher and, to some degree, Robert Custer and relates them to the Swedish ethnographic findings. But the article develops new gambler types as well. The gambler types developed by previous researchers in academic and empirical contexts need to be revitalized and further developed in new gaming environments.
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Blaszczynski, Alex, Adrian Parke, Andrew Harris, Jonathan Parkes, and Jane Rigbye. "FACILITATING PLAYER CONTROL IN GAMBLING." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 8, no. 3 (April 28, 2015): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v8i3.973.
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Research indicates that gamblers frequently set self-imposed limits on how much time and money they wish to gamble in a given gambling session, yet consistently gamble more than initially intended. The emotional and arousing impact of gambling, as well as dissociative states gamblers experience whilst gambling, may contribute to this behavioural shift which reflects a failure in self-control. Essential then, is the need for harm minimisation strategies aimed at allowing a gambler to stay in control of their decisions and behaviour during gambling, whilst concurrently limiting the negative impact this may have on the gambling experience for those who frequently stay in control. The following article evaluates the use of limit setting and pre-commitment, the use of ‘cooling off’ periods, and restricting access to additional funds as harm minimisation strategies, in terms of their efficacy in facilitating self-control in problem and non-problem gambling populations. As with any potential mass intervention, such as the use of mandatory limit setting, the need for robust empirical evidence to prove its efficacy is essential. Existing research, while providing promise, falls short of this criterion, indicating a requirement for more stringent empirical research to best guide responsible gambling practices aimed at facilitating player control during gambling.
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Hodgins, D. C., D. P. Schopflocher, C. R. Martin, N. el-Guebaly, D. M. Casey, S. R. Currie, G. J. Smith, and R. J. Williams. "Disordered gambling among higher-frequency gamblers: who is at risk?" Psychological Medicine 42, no. 11 (April 13, 2012): 2433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712000724.
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BackgroundWhen gambling opportunities are made available to the public in a given jurisdiction, some individuals participate occasionally and others more frequently. Among frequent gamblers, some individuals develop problematic involvement and some do not. This study addresses the association among demographic and social risk factors, frequency of gambling and gambling disorders.MethodData from an adult community sample (n=1372) were used to identify risk factors for higher-frequency gambling and disordered gambling involvement.ResultsIndividuals with higher intelligence, older individuals and more religious individuals were less frequent gamblers. Males, single individuals and those exposed to gambling environments (friends and family who gamble) and those who started to gamble at a younger age were more frequent gamblers. Excitement-seeking personality traits were also higher among more frequent gamblers. A different set of risk factors was associated with the likelihood of gambling disorder among these higher-frequency gamblers. These variables included mental health indicators, childhood maltreatment and parental gambling involvement. Among higher-frequency gamblers, individuals who smoke cigarettes, those with a diagnosis of alcohol or drug dependence or obsessive–compulsive disorder, those with higher anxiety or depression and those with higher impulsivity and antisocial personality traits were more likely to report gambling-related problems. These individuals were also more likely to report gambling on electronic gambling machines (e.g. slot machines).ConclusionsThese data suggest a model in which higher-frequency gambling, particularly with electronic gambling machines, when combined with any type of emotional vulnerability increased the likelihood of gambling disorder.
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Dlhosova, T., and R. Kundt. "Czech gamblers view on luck as the cause of uncontrollable events." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1717.
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The belief in deterministic luck is considered to be one of the factors contributing to maintenance of gambling behavior. This belief was found to be stronger during the gamble situation in problematic gamblers than non-problematic. The present study deals with the difference in luck attribution between the Czech gamblers and the control group. The main goal was to find out whether the difference between belief in luck is also present in non-gamble situation. A questionnaire containing the Belief in luck and luckiness scale and 14 stories of uncontrollable events was administered to 30 pathological gamblers and 30 matched participant (by age, education, gender and nationality), who did not play any hazard games regularly. In uncontrollable events participants chose from non-material causes (luck, chance, god, destiny) one they believed to be the best fit. Results have shown a statistically significant difference between gamblers and control group in the way of attributing the causes. Control group has chosen significantly more “chance” option meanwhile gamblers opted for luck, God and destiny. There was no statistically significant difference in explicitly formulated belief in luck. It seems that the stronger casual attribution of luck, god and destiny in pathological gamblers compared to non-gamblers are not restricted only to gaming situations. Rather we can find it in other uncontrollable events as well. The absence of the difference between patients and control group in explicit belief in luck measured by questionnaire could be pointing to the stronger effect of the treatment for explicit belief than for more subtle causal attributing.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Ramirez, Luis F., Richard A. McCormick, and Martin T. Lowy. "Plasma Cortisol and Depression in Pathological Gamblers." British Journal of Psychiatry 153, no. 5 (November 1988): 684–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.5.684.
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Basal serum cortisol and dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results were studied in 21 pathological gamblers who varied on the Beck Depression Inventory and selected scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, which had previously been shown to be related to depression in gamblers. All subjects were suppressors on the DST. There was a significant relationship between fluctuation in 08.00 h and 16.00 h basal cortisol levels and the psychological measures, suggesting a subtype of pathological gambler with potential clinical significance.
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Gainsbury, Sally M., Alex MT Russell, Nerilee Hing, and Alex Blaszczynski. "Consumer engagement with and perceptions of offshore online gambling sites." New Media & Society 20, no. 8 (November 17, 2017): 2990–3010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444817738783.
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Many jurisdictions have legalized and licensed online gambling sites. Nonetheless, a notable proportion of the online gambling market operates offshore. Offshore sites pose risks for consumers in terms of unsafe and disreputable practices, compete with domestically licensed sites and do not participate in the economies in which they operate. This study aimed to explore the extent to which Australian online gamblers use offshore as compared to domestic gambling sites, consumer attitudes and gambling-related harms. Participants ( N = 3199) completed an online survey assessing gambling behaviour, reasons for choosing sites, awareness of and impact of online gambling legislation, and problem gambling. Results show that 25.8% of online gamblers used offshore sites, and that these were more involved gamblers overall than domestic gamblers, and had greater problem gambling severity. Most online gamblers preferred domestic sites, indicating that regulation of online gambling with associated consumer protection measures may benefit those who wish to gamble online.
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Chung, Sang-O., and Joon Sung Lee. "Impacts of Fear Appeal Type and Source Similarity in Horse-Racing Addiction Prevention Messages on Anticipated Regret and Discontinuance Intent between Horse-Racing Participant Types." Korean Journal of Sport Science 35, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2024.35.2.367.
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PURPOSE This study aimed to verify the differences in anticipated regret and gambling discontinuance intent based on the fear appeal type and source similarity in different types of horse-racing gamblers. METHODS Using convenience sampling, 172 responses were collected from horse-racing participants who bought horseracing tickets within the last 6 months. After eliminating 30 insincere responses, descriptive, correlation, reliability, and two-way multivariate covariance analyses were conducted using SPSS Ver. 26.0. RESULTS Anticipated regret and discontinuance intent were higher under fear appeal using social compared with financial risk. Compared to recreational gamblers, problem gamblers had higher anticipated regret and discontinuance intent under fear appeal using social compared with financial risk. There were no differential impacts of source similarity on anticipated regret and discontinuance intent in both types of gambler. CONCLUSIONS Practitioners in charge of conducting messaging campaign to prevent addiction to horse-racing gambling may cause problem gamblers to expect regret and quit gambling by delivering preventive messages with relatively unfamiliar risks such as social risks, rather than familiar risks such as financial ones.
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Gillespie, Meredith A. M., Jeffrey Derevensky, and Rina Gupta. "II. The utility of outcome expectancies in the prediction of adolescent gambling behaviour." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 19 (January 1, 2007): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2007.19.4.
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The Gambling Expectancy Questionnaire (GEQ; Gillespie, Derevensky & Gupta, 2006, previous article) suggests that adolescents hold a variety of positive and negative outcome expectancies related to gambling. Significant age, gender, and DSM-IV-MR-J gambling group differences were identified on the scales of the GEQ (i.e., enjoyment/arousal, self-enhancement, money, overinvolvement, emotional impact) in this study. Direct logistic regression among adolescent gamblers was performed separately for males and females to predict group membership in either social or problem gambling categories. The results provide insightful information suggesting that non-gamblers, social gamblers, at-risk gamblers, and probable pathological gamblers (PPGs) differ in the strength of their expectancies of both the positive and negative outcomes of gambling behaviour. In particular, PPGs highly anticipate both the positive and negative outcomes of gambling. Among males, these perceptions differentiate those who gamble excessively and those who do not. For females, outcome expectancies may have less predictive value. These findings were interpreted in terms of their implications for prevention, treatment, and future research.
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SHUB, NORMAN F. "A Gestalt Approach to the Treatment of Gambling." Gestalt Review 3, no. 3 (January 1, 1999): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/44394125.
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Abstract Gambling is a serious and growing problem. Standard treatment programs commonly address symptoms, but their recidivism rate is nearly 80 percent. My colleagues and I believe that compulsive or addictive gambling is a manifestation of a character disorder marked by the gambler's failure to get physical and emotional needs met and by a lack of behavioral options. We believe that Gestalt therapy in a familial setting can successfully treat gamblers. Gestalt therapy forces gamblers to see their character picture and their behavior's effect on others and to develop more options for operating in the world.
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Kim, Jungsun, Mikael Ahlgren, and Bo Bernhard. "The mediating effect of depression between superstitious beliefs and problem gambling: a cross-cultural study of Chinese and Caucasians residing in the United States." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 29 (October 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2014.29.10.
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The purpose of this study was to address the mediational role of depression in the association between superstitions and problem gambling and to test whether this mediating process is significantly different between Chinese and Caucasian Americans. Eight items assessing superstitious beliefs, the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the 20-item South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) were completed by 115 Chinese gamblers and 187 Caucasian gamblers residing in the United States, and the responses between tests and between groups compared. Path analysis results showed that superstitious beliefs had a significant effect on both Chinese and Caucasian gamblers' SOGS scores (i.e., problem gambling symptoms). In both groups, depression played a significant mediating role between the superstitious beliefs variable and the problem gambling variable. Future clinical research might use the findings of this study to develop specific prevention and treatment approaches focusing on a gambler's cognitive bias and negative mood.
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Ólason, Daníel Thor, Guđmundur A. Skarphedinsson, Johanna Ella Jonsdottir, Mikael Mikaelsson, and Sigurdur J. Gretarsson. "Prevalence estimates of gambling and problem gambling among 13- to 15-year-old adolescents in Reykjavík: An examination of correlates of problem gambling and different accessibility to electronic gambling machines in Iceland." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 18 (October 1, 2006): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2006.18.7.
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This paper reports the main findings from a prevalence study of adolescent gambling and problem gambling among Icelandic adolescents. The final sample consisted of 3,511 pupils aged 13 to 15 in 25 primary schools in Reykjavík. The results indicated that 93% of adolescents had gambled some time in their life and 70% at least once in the preceding year. Problem gambling prevalence rates were evaluated with two gambling screens, American Psychological Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition, Multiple-Response-Junior (DSM-IV-MR-J) and the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA). The DSM-IV-MR-J identified 1.9% as problem gamblers, while SOGS-RA identified 2.8% as problem gamblers. The results also showed that problem gamblers reported more difficulties in school and used alcohol and other drugs more frequently than adolescents who gambled socially or not at all. Finally, evaluation of electronic gambling machine (EGM) accessibility revealed that gambling on low-stakes EGMs in public places was more common than on EGMs in arcades or bars and restaurants. The potential implications of these findings are discussed.
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Farrow, Robert Scott, and Jackson Costa. "Slot Machine Payback Percentages: The Devil is in the Moment." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 8, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v8i2.830.
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The average payback percentage from slot machines is important to gamblers, casinos and governments. While apparently simple to define several complications can exist, among them which measure to average and potentially misleading formulas to calculate the average. Daily slot machine data from the state of Maryland for 19 months are analyzed for the expected value of the average payback ratio per machine and per dollar gambled. On a per dollar gambled basis, the payback percentage meets legislative requirements that the gaming floor payback be at least 90 percent. On a per machine basis, that requirement is not met which can imply a significant shift of money from gamblers to casino operators and the state. Other payback measures are hypothesized to also be less than the per-dollar gambled measure but data are lacking.
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Hollingshead, Samantha J., Hyoun S. Kim, Michael J. A. Wohl, and Jeffrey L. Derevensky. "The Social Casino Gaming-Gambling Link: Motivation for Playing Social Casino Games Determines Whether Self-Reported Gambling Increases or Decreases Among Disordered Gamblers." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 33 (August 1, 2016): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2016.33.4.
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Engagement with social casino games (i.e., free online casino-like games available on social networking sites) has been found to be a risk factor for increased gambling behaviours (Kim, Wohl, Salmon, Gupta, & Derevensky, 2015). However, this may not be true for all social casino gamers. In the current research, we tested the idea that motivation to play social casino games will predict changes in self-reported gambling behaviours among disordered gamblers. Results showed that disordered gamblers (N = 140) who were motivated to play social casino games for the social connection it provides or for skill building reported an increase in their gambling. Conversely, playing in order to cope with negative life events or for excitement was not predictive of gambling. However, gamblers who reported playing social casino games to reduce cravings to gamble reported an overall decrease in gambling. The implications of social casino games as a potential harm reduction strategy for some disordered gamblers are discussed.
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Lindridge, Andrew, Sharon E. Beatty, and William Magnus Northington. "Do gambling game choices reflect a recreational gambler’s motivations?" Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 21, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 296–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-10-2016-0093.
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Purpose Gambling is increasingly a global phenomenon, derided by some as exploitative and viewed by others as entertainment. Despite extensive research into gambling motivations, previous research has not assessed whether gaming choice is a function of one’s personal motivations or simply a desire to gamble in general, regardless of game choice among recreational gamblers. The purpose of this study is to explore this theme by considering “illusion of control” where luck and skill may moderate gambling motivation. Design/methodology/approach This study applies two motivation theories, hedonic consumption theory and motivation disposition theory, and examines heuristic perspectives related to gambling. Three stages of qualitative data collection were undertaken. Findings The findings indicate that for recreational gamblers, gaming choice is a function of personal motives. Hence, gamblers chose games that reflect their needs or motives, focusing on the game or games that best allow them to achieve their goals and desires. Research limitations/implications These findings shed light on an important topic and include an in-depth examination of recreational gamblers’ motivations. Further quantitative examinations should be considered. Practical implications This research could be used by practitioners or researchers in better segmenting the casino recreational gambling market. Originality/value While many researchers have examined gambling motivations and even gambling motivations by venue (e.g. casino versus online), few researchers have focused on gamblers’ choice of games and even fewer have studied recreational gamblers’ motivations with a qualitatively rich approach, resulting in some useful perspectives on drivers of recreational gamblers by personal motives.
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León-Jariego, José C., Alberto Parrado-González, and Francisco J. Ojea-Rodríguez. "Behavioral Intention to Gamble Among Adolescents: Differences Between Gamblers and Non-gamblers—Prevention Recommendations." Journal of Gambling Studies 36, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 555–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-019-09904-6.
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Brodeur, Magaly, Sophie Audette-Chapdelaine, Annie-Claude Savard, and Sylvia Kairouz. "Gambling and the COVID-19 pandemic in the province of Quebec (Canada): protocol for a mixed-methods study." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (September 2021): e048785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048785.
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IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has major collateral impacts on mental health. Gambling is among the major public health issues that seems to have been transformed by the pandemic. In the province of Quebec in Canada, gambling is an important leisure activity. About two out of three adults are in Quebec gamble. The objective of this study is to draw a portrait of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on gamblers and to learn more about their experiences during the pandemic in the province of Quebec.Method and analysisThis study has a sequential explanatory mixed-method design in two phases. The first phase is a cross-sectional online survey with Quebec residents who are 18 years of age or older and have gambled at least once in the previous 12 months. The second phase will be a qualitative study. Semistructured interviews will be conducted with gamblers, family members, addiction counsellors and state representatives selected through purposing sampling.Ethics and disseminationThis study is one of the first mixed-methods studies on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on gambling. This study will generate new scientific knowledge on a worrisome public health issue, that is, gambling, and provide a better understanding of the experiences and gambling behaviours of gamblers during the pandemic. This study is funded by the Ministry of Health and Social Services of the Government of Quebec and was approved on 27 October 2020 by the Scientific and Research Ethics Committee of the CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS. This is a 2-year study that will be completed in June 2022.
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Riley, Ben J., Sharon J. Lawn, Beth R. Crisp, and Malcolm W. Battersby. "“When I’m not angry I am anxious”: The lived experiences of individuals in a relationship with a non-help-seeking problem gambler—A hermeneutic phenomenological study." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 8-9 (June 3, 2020): 2529–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520928581.
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Although the negative effects of problem gambling (PG) are well-documented in respect of gamblers themselves, less research has focused on the experiences of their partners, particularly in situations where the gambler is not help-seeking. Data were drawn from 15 in-depth interviews of partners living with a non-help-seeking problem gambler. Through a hermeneutical-phenomenological analysis, nine central themes emerged: social activity, realization, role conflict, stigma, denial, health issues, disconnectedness, hypervigilance, and security. Findings indicated that living with a non-help-seeking PG partner was characterized by chronic worry, exhaustion, relationship conflict, and an overwhelming sense of isolation. Partners found it exceedingly difficult to reliably detect their partners’ gambling behavior, resulting in chronic hypervigilance, and were reluctant to seek help due to stigma. There is a need for programs that provide both guidance for partners to help protect their well-being and evidence-based strategies to help motivate non-help-seeking problem gamblers to acknowledge their problem and seek help.
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Turner, Nigel E., Barry Fritz, and Masood Zangeneh. "Images of gambling in film." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 20 (June 1, 2007): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2007.20.3.
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This article examines the depiction of gambling in recent films. Often gambling is portrayed either very positively or very negatively. The authors found eight overlapping themes represented in these movies: (1) pathological gambling, (2) the magical skill of the professional gambler, (3) miraculous wins as happy endings, (4) gamblers are suckers, (5) gamblers cheat, (6) gambling is run by organized crime, (7) the casino heist, and (8) gambling as a symbolic backdrop to the story. These themes suggest that the portrayal of gambling in movies has a number of interesting distortions. The discussion centres on how these distortions have an impact on efforts to accurately disseminate information about gambling to the general public.
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Zack, Martin, Daniela Lobo, Candice Biback, Tim Fang, Kelly Smart, Daniel Tatone, Aditi Kalia, Daniel Digiacomo, and James L. Kennedy. "Impulsivity moderates the effects of dopamine D2 and mixed D1–D2 antagonists in individuals with gambling disorder." Journal of Psychopharmacology 33, no. 8 (June 20, 2019): 1015–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881119855972.
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Background: The functional role of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in gambling disorder (GD) remains unclear. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the role of D1 activation and the moderating effects of impulsivity, a trait linked with weaker D2-mediated inhibition of dopamine release, in GD subjects. Methods: Thirty (nine female) non-comorbid GD subjects with low (LI), moderate (MI), or high impulsivity (HI) received the preferential D2 antagonist haloperidol (HAL; 3 mg) or the mixed D1–D2 antagonist fluphenazine (FLU; 3 mg), on separate sessions before a 15-minute slot machine game or amphetamine (AMPH; 20 mg), in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, counterbalanced design. Results: On their own, HAL and FLU led to linear increases and decreases, respectively, in desire to gamble across increasing levels of impulsivity. The slot machine and AMPH each evoked an inverted-U pattern of desire to gamble across increasing impulsivity. HAL reversed this effect of the game, whereas FLU did not alter post-game desire. HAL and FLU decreased and increased psychostimulant-like effects of the game, respectively, in LI and MI subjects, but consistently reduced these effects in HI subjects. HAL also altered the salience of negative affective words on a reading task, such that greater salience of negative words coincided with lower post-game desire to gamble. Conclusions: D1 receptors appear to gauge the incentive value of gambling in GD subjects. D1 activation has negative reinforcing effects in HI gamblers and positive reinforcing effects in LI gamblers. Medications that activate D1 could curtail chasing in HI gamblers. D1 blockade could benefit HI gamblers whose main concern is craving.
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Buchsbaum, Julie Anne. "Gamblers." Iowa Journal of Cultural Studies 1999, no. 18 (1999): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/2168-569x.1301.
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Coolidge, Fletcher Coit. "Gamblers." Anglican Theological Review 97, no. 1 (December 2015): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000332861509700111.
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Graßl, Hartmut. "Gamblers." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 1, no. 3 (September 1994): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02986934.
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Matarazzo, Olimpia, Michele Carpentieri, Claudia Greco, and Barbara Pizzini. "The gambler’s fallacy in problem and non-problem gamblers." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 754–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.66.
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Ladouceur, Robert, Dominique Dubé, and Annie Bujold. "Prevalence of Pathological Gambling and Related Problems among College Students in the Quebec Metropolitan Area." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 5 (June 1994): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379403900509.
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The prevalence of pathological gambling and problems associated with it were measured among 1,471 students of three colleges in the Quebec city metropolitan area. Almost 90% of the students had gambled and 21.7% of the students engage in this behaviour once a week or more. The prevalence of pathological gamblers was found to be 2.8% for the entire sample. The percentage of pathological gamblers was much higher among males (5.7%) than females (0.6%). The results indicate that pathological gambling is associated with economic, professional and interpersonal problems. The discussion addresses the implications of the present findings and suggests avenues for future research.
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Lelonek-Kuleta, Bernadeta, Rafał P. Bartczuk, Marie-Line Tovar, Emmanuel Benoit, and Jean-Michel Costes. "Experiencing a significant win and its sociodemographic and motivational predictors: A comparative analysis of pure-chance gamblers from Poland and France." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): e0277972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277972.
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Research on the relationship between wins and gambling behavior often focuses on winning considerably large amounts of money. It seems, however, that it is not the amount of the win, but the significance that the player assigns to the win, that exerts a decisive influence on gambling behavior. Therefore, in this study we adopted the concept of significant win: a win perceived by gamblers as important to them. The research aimed to discover what kind of wins are experienced as significant and what factors explain experiencing wins as significant. This study, conducted in Poland (N = 3,143) and France (N = 5,692), also had a comparative goal: discovering intercultural differences in experiencing significant wins. A computer-assisted web survey was administered to gamblers who engaged in pure-chance gambling, where the participant does not influence the outcome of the gamble after the initial bet is placed—selected from representative samples in both countries. We used logistic regression models to examine predictors of significant win experience in both countries and the differences between the countries. The results demonstrated that Polish gamblers more frequently considered a win significant when it was accompanied by strong, often negative emotions and was higher in monetary value normalized in terms of average monthly personal income, than French gamblers. French gamblers more frequently associated a significant win with a positive experience. The common predictors of a significant win experience in both countries were: being in debt, experiencing the win of a close person, gambling in a game of pure chance other than lotteries, more systematic pursuit of gambling, self-enhancement motivation, and coping motivation to gamble. Age at initiation into gambling was a significant predictor only in the French sample, whereas a financial motivation was a significant predictor in the Polish one. The results confirmed that the subjective perception of gambling wins is only partially related to the amounts of wins, which has practical implications for planning prevention strategies.
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Delfabbro, Paul, Neophytos Georgiou, Catia Malvaso, and Daniel King. "Is Self-Reported Propensity for Everyday Illusions of Control Higher in Gamblers and Is It Associated With Gambling-Specific Erroneous Beliefs?" SAGE Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): 215824401989943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899436.
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People who engage in gambling are known to hold erroneous views about the nature of gambling. One of the most commonly observed cognitive biases is the illusion of control, where people’s subjective appraisal of contingency between behavior and events is greater than the objective contingency. Such beliefs have been found to be strongest in problem gamblers and can lead to over-confidence in the ability to win money from gambling. A question, however, is whether such perceptions are (a) specific to gambling and whether gamblers display a tendency to over-estimate contingencies in everyday life and (b) if a tendency to endorse everyday illusion of control beliefs is related to specific gambling-related beliefs among those who gamble. Answers to these questions might provide insights into whether some people are potentially more vulnerable to beliefs that might have implications for gambling. An online sample of 788 adults completed a survey about simple everyday situations where people might attempt to exert control (e.g., pressing elevator buttons more often, throwing dice in games). The survey included a scale that captured everyday situations as well as established measures of illusion of control and superstition in gambling. The results showed that those who report greater control in everyday tasks scored higher on standardized measures of beliefs about chance and gambling-related cognitions relating to illusory control. Scores on both types of measures were higher in gamblers than non-gamblers. The findings suggest that gamblers may differ in how they generally perceive and respond to situations involving tasks largely dominated by chance or limited opportunities for genuine control.