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Journal articles on the topic 'Galvanizing process'

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Published: 8 June 2024

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1

Cai, Xing Fu, Yong Zhi Huang, Yun Gang Li, and Li Na Zhao. "Production Process and Technology Development of Hot-Dip Galvanizing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.61.

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Development process of Hot-dip galvanizing technology and characteristics of different production methods were reviewed in this paper. Presently, the UEC method was utilized widely because of its advantages like high output, high quality, energy saving, lower consumption and low products cost. To improved the corrosion resistance of the coating and declining the cost of hot-dip galvanizing, hot-dip galvanizing alloyed coating has been developed. Although the general hot-dip galvanizing has been developed rapidly in China, we should make great efforts to research deeply and improve the hot-dip galvanizing technology, especilly in the areas such as zinc alloy plating and the corresponding hot-dip galvanizing technology.

2

Kopyciński, Dariusz, and Edward Guzik. "Intermetallic Phases Formation in Hot Dip Galvanizing Process." Solid State Phenomena 197 (February 2013): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.197.77.

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The study describes the mechanism of structure formation in protective coating, growing on iron surface during hot-dip galvanizing. As a first stage of the galvanizing process, immediately after the iron sample has been dipped in galvanizing bath, a layer of frozen zinc is crystallizing on the sample surface. Next, as a result of isothermal solidification, an alloyed layer of the coating; composed of the sub-layers of intermetallic Fe-Zn phases, is formed. At the initial stage of the existence of the alloyed layer, another layer, that of undercooled liquid, is formed on the surface of iron dipped in liquid zinc. As a result of peritectic reactions under metastable conditions, the individual phases are born, forming sub-layers in the expected sequence of Γ1, δ and ζ.

3

Liu, Qi, Yuqing Cao, Shuai Chen, Xinye Xu, Mutian Yao, Jie Fang, Kuan Lei, and Guiqun Liu. "Hot-Dip Galvanizing Process and the Influence of Metallic Elements on Composite Coatings." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 5 (April 25, 2024): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8050160.

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The corrosion of steel materials has become a global issue, causing significant socio-economic losses and safety concerns. Hot-dip galvanizing is currently one of the most widely used steel anti-corrosion processes. With the rapid advancement of science and technology and emerging industries, the performance of pure galvanized products struggles to meet the demands of practical applications in various environments. Consequently, researchers have begun introducing various metals into the zinc solution to form high-performance alloy coatings. This article primarily explains the process flow of hot-dip galvanizing and the impact of metal elements such as Al, Mg, Sn, and Bi on the coating, as well as outlining the major issues currently faced by the hot-dip galvanizing process. The objective is to offer a more comprehensive introduction to those new to the field of hot-dip galvanizing and to provide theoretical insights for addressing production issues.

4

Sepper, Sirli, Priidu Peetsalu, Mart Saarna, Valdek Mikli, and Priit Kulu. "Effect of Hot Dip Galvanizing on the Mechanical Properties of High Strength Steels." Key Engineering Materials 604 (March 2014): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.604.12.

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Present study focuses on investigating the hot dip galvanizing effect on the mechanical properties of high strength steel. The effect of chemical pre-treatment (hydrogen diffusion) and the effect of hot dip galvanizing temperature on mechanical properties was studied with high strength steel S650MC. Additional tests were made with widely used structural steel S355J2. A batch type hot dip galvanizing process was used and zinc bath temperature was 450 °C and 550 °C. Results of the study show the behaviour of high strength steel during hot dip galvanizing process.

5

Kania, Henryk, Jacek Mendala, Jarosław Kozuba, and Mariola Saternus. "Development of Bath Chemical Composition for Batch Hot-Dip Galvanizing—A Review." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 19, 2020): 4168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184168.

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Obtaining zinc coatings by the batch hot-dip galvanizing process currently represents one of the most effective and economical methods of protecting steel products and structures against corrosion. The batch hot-dip galvanizing process has been used for over 150 years, but for several decades, there has been a dynamic development of this technology, the purpose of which is to improve the efficiency of zinc use and reduce its consumption and improve the quality of the coating. The appropriate selection of the chemical composition of the galvanizing bath enables us to control the reactivity of steel, improve the drainage of liquid zinc from the product surface, and reduce the amount of waste, which directly affects the quality of the coating and the technology of the galvanizing process. For this purpose, the effect of many alloying additives to the zinc bath on the structure and thickness of the coating was tested. The article reviews the influence of various elements introduced into the bath individually and in different configurations, discusses the positive and negative effects of their influence on the galvanizing process. The current development in the field of the chemical composition of galvanizing baths is also presented and the best-used solutions for the selection and management of the chemical composition of the bath are indicated.

6

Costa, Altamirano, Salinas, González-González, and Goodwin. "Optimization of the Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatment Process in Ultra-High Strength Dual Phase Steels Using a Multivariate Model." Metals 9, no. 6 (June 21, 2019): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9060703.

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The main process variables to produce galvanized dual phase (DP) steel sheets in continuous galvanizing lines are time and temperature of intercritical austenitizing (tIA and TIA), cooling rate (CR1) after intercritical austenitizing, holding time at the galvanizing temperature (tG) and finally the cooling rate (CR2) to room temperature. In this research work, the effects of CR1, tG and CR2 on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation (EL) of cold rolled low carbon steel were investigated by applying an experimental central composite design and a multivariate regression model. A multi-objective optimization and the Pareto Front were used for the optimization of the continuous galvanizing heat treatments. Typical thermal cycles applied for the production of continuous galvanized AHSS-DP strips were simulated in a quenching dilatometer using miniature tensile specimens. The experimental results of UTS, YS and EL were used to fit the multivariate regression model for the prediction of these mechanical properties from the processing parameters (CR1, tG and CR2). In general, the results show that the proposed multivariate model correctly predicts the mechanical properties of UTS, YS and %EL for DP steels processed under continuous galvanizing conditions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the phase transformations that take place during the optimized tG (galvanizing time) play a dominant role in determining the values of the mechanical properties of the DP steel. The production of hot-dip galvanized DP steels with a minimum tensile strength of 1100 MPa is possible by applying the proposed methodology. The results provide important scientific and technological knowledge about the annealing/galvanizing thermal cycle effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DP steels.

7

Knop, Krzysztof. "Analysis and Improvement of the Galvanized Wire Production Process with the use of DMAIC Cycle." Quality Production Improvement - QPI 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cqpi-2019-0074.

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Abstract The article presents the results in the scope of analysis and improvement of the galvanized wire production process with the use of Six Sigma's DMAIC cycle. The basic problem was identified - incorrect wire diameters after galvanizing and specific tools and methods were used to analyze this problem and look for its solution. The potential of Pareto analysis, SPC method, control plan, 5WHY analysis was used. As a result of the analyzes carried out, the source cause was identified - contaminated containers dispensing the preparation maintaining the temperature in the galvanizing unit. To eliminate the problem, maintenance of the machine used to cover the bare wire with zinc was carried out, which allowed to achieve the following results: standstills at the Drawing and Galvanizing Department were eliminated, the duration of the manufacturing process and the percentage of products beyond the specification were significantly reduced.

8

Álló, Štefan, Vladimir Kročko, Maroš Korenko, Zuzana Andrássyová, and Daniela Földešiová. "Effect of Chemical Degreasing on Corrosion Stability of Components in Automobile Industry." Advanced Materials Research 801 (September 2013): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.801.19.

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This research deals with the corrosion stability of components with a galvanized surface. The aim is to determine how corrosion resistance is influenced by chemical degreasing. The ZiNi galvanizing method in a bath line was performed on 10 components; another 10 pieces were treated by the same galvanizing method, but without previous chemical degreasing. After measuring the thickness of coating, components were inserted into a salt spray corrosion chamber. The test showed that components with a complete galvanizing process revealed no signs of red corrosion after 456 test hours. In components without chemical degreasing, there were signs of red corrosion after 200 test hours. After this research, we can conclude that chemical degreasing in galvanizing processes has a high influence on corrosion resistance.

9

Kopyciński, D., E. Guzik, A. Szczęsny, and D. Siekaniec. "Diffusion Coefficient in the Zinc Coating Shaped on the Surface of Cast Iron and Steel Alloys." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0035.

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Abstract The article presents the method to assess the diffusion coefficient D in the sub-layer of intermetallic phases formed during hot-dip galvanizing “Armco” iron and ductile cast iron EN-GJS-500-7. Hot-dip galvanizing is one of the most popular forms of long-term protection of Fe-C alloys against corrosion. The process for producing a protective layer of sufficient quality is closely related to diffusion of atoms of zinc and iron. The simulation consist in performed a hot-dip galvanizing in laboratory condition above Fe-C alloys, in the Department of Engineering of Cast Alloys and Composites. Galvanizing time ranged from 15 to 300 seconds. Then metallographic specimens were prepared, intermetallic layers were measured and diffusion coefficient (D) were calculated. It was found that the diffusion coefficient obtained during hot-dip galvanizing “Armco” iron and zinc is about two orders of magnitude less than the coefficient obtained on ductile cast iron EN-GJS-500-7.

10

Hocking, G. C., W. L. Sweatman, A. D. Fitt, and C. Breward. "Deformations during jet-stripping in the galvanizing process." Journal of Engineering Mathematics 70, no. 1-3 (July 27, 2010): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10665-010-9394-8.

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11

Yang, Tong, Yan Lin He, Hua Wang, Lin Li, and Li Wang. "Selective Oxidation Behavior of Medium Manganese Steel in Hot-Dip Galvanizing Process." Materials Science Forum 960 (June 2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.960.51.

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Surface oxides of medium manganese steel treated under different hot-dip galvanizing processes were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer techniques. Combined with thermodynamic calculation, the effects of dew point and alloying elements on the formation of oxides were investigated. It was shown that many oxides such as Cr2O3 and Al2O3, which deteriorate galvanizing performance largely, were formed at lower dew point, and that the formation of Cr and Al oxides could be effectively inhibited at higher dew point. It was also shown that the formation of MnO could be controlled by regulating the rate of Al/Mn in the composition of experimental steel, thus reducing the surface defect.

12

Kowalik-Klimczak, Anna, Anna Gajewska-Midziałek, Zofia Buczko, Monika Łożyńska, Maciej Życki, Wioletta Barszcz, Tinatin Ciciszwili, et al. "Circular Economy Approach in Treatment of Galvanic Wastewater Employing Membrane Processes." Membranes 13, no. 3 (March 11, 2023): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13030325.

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According to the idea of sustainable development, humanity should make every effort to care for the natural environment along with economic development. Decreasing water resources in the world makes it necessary to take action to reduce the consumption of this resource. This article presents the results of research conducted to improve the use of recyclable materials in line with the circular economy model. The research focused on the development of a technological solution for the recovery of raw materials from galvanic wastewater. The concept of a galvanic wastewater treatment system presented in the article includes wastewater pre-treatment in the ultrafiltration (UF) process and water recovery in the reverse osmosis (RO) process. In addition, the purpose of the work was to manage post-filtration waste (RO retentate) containing high concentrations of zinc in the process of galvanizing metal details. The obtained results indicate that it is possible to reduce the amount of sewage from the galvanizing industry by reusing the recovered water as technical water in the process line. The carried-out model tests of galvanizing confirmed the possibility of using RO retentate for the production of metal parts. The achieved results are a proposal to solve the problem of reducing the impact of galvanic wastewater on the environment and to improve the profitability of existing galvanizing technologies by reducing the consumption of water and raw materials.

13

Hao, Xiao Dong, and Qi Fu Zhang. "Conceptual Design of a Multi-Functional Hot-Dip Galvanizing Simulator." Advanced Materials Research 813 (September 2013): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.813.188.

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Simulation techniques play a crucial role in determining a successful engineering design. A multifunctional galvanizing simulator is the basic equipment for enterprise to acquire the process information for producing annealed sheets, galvanized sheets and galvannealed sheets under laboratory conditions. This paper extended Geros function-behavior-structure framework and used this framework for the conceptual design of a multifunctional hot-dip galvanizing simulator.

14

Jin, HongMei, Yi Li, and Ping Wu. "Prediction of new additives for galvanizing process by the properties of their constituent chemical elements." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 5 (May 1999): 1791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0241.

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Chemical element properties are generally classified in six groups: size, atomic number, electrochemical factor, valence-electron, cohesive energy, and angular valence-orbital. It is well known that some bulk properties of materials, like electrical conductivity and heat capacity of metals, may be interpreted in principle based on their constituent chemical element properties. In this study, effects of additives in galvanizing have been correlated to the chemical element properties of the additives. By screening all chemical elements (in the periodic table of elements) with this model, new additives, like Ca, Sc, Ge, Sr, and Y, have been predicted to reduce the steel weight loss in galvanizing. This model may also help to design new alloys as additives.

15

Gusev, V. M., V. B. Mordynskii, and M. G. Frolova. "Improvement of Dynamic Thermal Diffusion Galvanizing Production Process Efficiency." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 52, no. 7-8 (November 2016): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-016-0233-2.

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16

Vogel, Thomas I. "A Free-Boundary Problem Arising from a Galvanizing Process." SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 16, no. 5 (September 1985): 970–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/0516073.

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17

Dalef, Abdosalam, and Mohammed Alaalem. "Quality Improvement in Hot Dip Galvanizing Process Using Robust Design tools." مجلة الجامعة الأسمرية: العلوم التطبيقية 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/aujas.v1i2.1563.

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This paper deals with the concept of quality engineering and robust design as one of the new practical methods for the improvement of galvanizing parameters design in order to obtain the best mechanical properties (hardness) by experimental design and robust design tools. By using Taguchi parameter design, three factors (controllable factors) were chosen, which are temperature, time, and withdraw speed, along with three levels for each factor to determine their effect on the hardness in galvanizing steel in order to obtain better quality levels. A L27(33) orthogonal array was selected and used in this experiment. Minitab software was used in design and data analysis to achieve the desired quality objectives. Results show that the best combination to achieve a desired hardness were (T=455 ˚C, t=4 min., and S=6 m/min ). The experiment also revealed that the temperature and time have the largest effect on the hardness. In addition, the optimum condition was verified during the optimization stage using central composite design.

18

Szczęsny, A., D. Kopyciński, and E. Guzik. "Shaping optimal zinc coating on the surface of high-quality ductile iron casting. Part I – Moulding technologies vs. zinc coating." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0060.

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Abstract Studies have demonstrated that in the process of hot dip galvanizing the decisive influence on the mechanism of zinc coating formation and properties has the quality of the mechanically untreated (raw) surface layer of the galvanized product. The terms “casting surface layer” denote various parameters of the microstructure, including the type of metal matrix, the number of grains and the size of graphite nodules, possible presence of hard spots (the precipitates of eutectic cementite) and parameters of the surface condition. The completed research has allowed linking the manufacturing technology of ductile iron castings with the process of hot dip galvanizing.

19

Wegrzynkiewicz, S., D. Jedrzejczyk, I. Szłapa, M. Hajduga, and S. Boczkal. "Influence of a Substrate Surface on the (Zn) – Coating Formation/ Wpływ Powierzchni Podłoża Na Kształtowanie Się Powłoki (Zn)." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 1373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0234.

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Abstract The steel substrate was cut by means of different methods, like water jet, laser or oxyacetylene blowpipe. So, some different surfaces (after cutting / without cutting) were subjected to the (Zn) - hot dip galvanizing. The galvanizing process was performed in industrial conditions by applying the constant temperature equal to 457°C, and a dipping time equal to 150 s. The (Zn) - coating morphologies and sub-layer thicknesses were analyzed to explain some expected differences in the coatings formation

20

Shukla, Sanjeev Kumar, Anup Kumar Sadhukhan, and Parthapratim Gupta. "Development of ANN Model for Prediction of Coating Thickness in Hot Dip Galvanizing Process." International Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 5, no. 2 (2017): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17706/ijmse.2017.5.2.60-68.

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21

Romero, G., A. Palacios, J. Rivera, I. Pérez, D. Lara, J. Rivera, and J. Arredondo. "Robust Control Techniques Applied to the Hot-Dip Galvanizing Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.212.

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This paper presents new results to compute the time-delay margin of the hot-dip galvanizing control system. Compared to previous works on this issue, this paper considers a mathematical model of the plant with two inputs and one output. The inputs are used to regulate the output, which represents the Zinc mass coating of steel strip. To achieve this objective, a multivariable PI controller is used, this controller is tuned applying the well known Ziegler and Nichols method, and then the maximum time-delay is computed in order to guarantee the stability property of the close loop control system. The work bases its results on a transformation of the time-delay operator and it is performed in order to get a two variable polynomial; after this, to obtain the robust stability property, a result based on the Hurwitz matrix is applied.

22

Rudnik, E., G. Wloch, and L. Szatan. "Hydrometallurgical treatment of zinc ash from hot-dip galvanizing process." Minerals & Metallurgical Processing 35, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19150/mmp.8288.

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23

Sepper, S., P. Peetsalu, P. Kulu, M. Saarna, and V. Mikli. "The role of silicon in the hot dip galvanizing process." Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences 65, no. 2 (2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/proc.2016.2.11.

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24

Elsaadawy, E. A., G. S. Hanumanth, A. K. S. Balthazaar, J. R. McDermid, A. N. Hrymak, and J. F. Forbes. "Coating Weight Model for the Continuous Hot-Dip Galvanizing Process." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 38, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-007-9037-2.

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25

Hernández-Betancur, Jose D., Hugo F. Hernández, and Luz M. Ocampo-Carmona. "A holistic framework for assessing hot-dip galvanizing process sustainability." Journal of Cleaner Production 206 (January 2019): 755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.177.

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26

Villamar, Cristina A., Katherine Salazar, Karla Montenegro-Rosero, Luis Huaraca, and Kennedy C. da Conceicao. "Preventive strategies for reuse and recycling of wastewater within the HDG production." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 1 (December 14, 2021): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.621.

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Abstract The hot-dip galvanizing consumes raw materials, supplies, and influence in the quantity/quality of wastewater, opening advantage for its segregation, reuse, and recycling. Therefore, the aim was to establish strategies for segregation, recycling, and preventives process of wastewater from a hot dip galvanizing enterprise (>10,000 t/year of galvanizing steel or gs). A mass balance (inputs-outputs by 1 t gs), Sindex considering organic and inorganic parameters for segregation/recycling, and Water Pinch (Zn, COD, TDS) for reuse opportunities were determined. Flow diagrams were based on three scenarios that combine segregation/reuse/recycling, comparing saving water, energy, costs, and carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions. Results (mass balance) demonstrated that the water consumption in the rising phases (2,355.2 L/t gs) corresponding to 95% of the total water demand. The best scenario combined reuse, segregation and recycling, which decreased up to 36% of treated wastewater, up to 40% of chemicals consumption, about 41% of treatment cost, close to 38% of energy consumed, and up to 17% of CO2-eq emissions by wastewater treatment. Therefore, taking preventive measures without the need of technological changes (treatment) can achieve on efficient water management within of the hot-dip galvanizing production in developing countries.

27

Parmar, Jayraj, Daulat Kumar Sharma, Patel Khyati, and Patel Sweta. "A Review on Galvanizing Coating Defects: Causes and Remedies." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 34, no. 4 (July 30, 2022): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-34(4)-01.

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Hot-dip galvanizing is an efficient technique to control the corrosion of substrates. Producing blemish-free coatings is a challenging task. Continuous work is done on galvanizing technology to achieve excellent surfaces; thus, flaws are encountered at intervals in all continuous galvanizing and galvannealed process. Most of each very small galvanized defect can appear like a draff particle, draff trapped actually a tiny lot of the blemishes found in hot-dipped galvanizing coatings. Also, almost all defects take place due to a roughed or mechanically dented surface, poor bath chemistry management, inadequate washing of the parts, and less maintained apparatus. Thus, the coated products, which are manufactured by galvanizers, have to develop the excellence of the line instrument, the heat treatment management, and the Zn bath in sequence to touching the hard and tough quality essential for automotive uses and applications. This review paper first discusses different types of galvanized coating defects, and then discusses different coating defects like Bare spot, Distortion, Dross, Touch marks, Dents, Rough Coating, Ash Deposit, Mechanical Damage, Blow out, Runs, Uncoated or Ungalvanized Surface, Reactive and Non-reactive steels welded together, Puddling and suggests possible remedial measures to be taken care; at the end, it summarize and concluded.

28

Suarez, Lucia, D. Warichet, and Yvan Houbaert. "Galvanized Coatings Produced in a Hot Dip Simulator (HDS)." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 1048–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.1048.

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Hot dip galvanizing has proven to provide excellent protection against corrosion of steel for a wide range of applications. Coatings of Zn-Al alloys on steel sheet give a high corrosion resistance due to the corrosion prevention by zinc and the passivation by Al. Many important industrial processing steps require a reliable procedure for process verification. Verification on production or pilot lines is neither economical nor efficient. Simulators for the HDP (Hot Dip Process) allow laboratory scale simulations of the (hot dip) coating and of the consequent annealing processes occurring in industrial production lines, serving for process and product improvement and development. To improve and further develop the production and the final coating properties, hot dipping experiments are performed in a HDP simulator using different substrates, bath compositions and hot dipping parameters. The results obtained by these simulations are transferable to the production process of real continuous galvanizing lines. Important industrial steps of the process can be simulated in the HDPS with a high variability of parameters.

29

Rožėnė, Justė, Irmantas Gedzevičius, and Šarūnas Mikaliūnas. "SUVIRINIMO MEDŽIAGŲ ĮTAKOS KARŠTOJO CINKAVIMO PROCESO KOKYBEI TYRIMAS / THE ANALYSIS OF THE WELDING MATERIALS IMPACT FOR THE HOT-DIP GALVANIZATION PROCESS QUALITY." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 11 (May 14, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2019.10053.

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The hot dip galvanizing process is the most popular long-term corrosion protection method for welded constructions. The article analyzes influence of shielding gas by reducing the zinc layer on the seams in MAG welding. The influence of shielding gases on the geometry of the seam and the slagging of the slag is analyzed. Advantages and disadvantages of the applied gas are presented and the thickness of the zinc layers is compared.

30

Gadalov, V. N., O. M. Gubanov, Yu V. Skripkina, and Yu M. Subbotina. "Monitoring of the condition and development of package systems for continuous hot-dip galvanizing of thin-sheet steel products." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 12 (November 16, 2021): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2112-03.

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The paper discusses the technical features of modern package systems for continuous hot-dip galvanizing, a distinctive feature of which is a module layout that not only ensures the timely replacement of breaking down individual sections of a continuous line, but also allows to enter/withdraw the equipment in the manufacturing process as needed, which makes it possible to produce the strip with different types of coatings on the same machine. The analysis of the main types of alloys used for hot-dip galvanizing has shown that coatings of all four types of alloys are used for products undergoing cold deformation and cold stamping. It is advisable to coat multi-phase steels for cold deformation with coatings based on Zn, ZnFe or ZnAl. The ability to deform and weldability of products is higher, the greater the thickness of the coating. Consequently, coatings based on ZnFe and ZnAl alloys with a thickness of 18.0 microns and 19.3 microns are suitable for deformable and welded products. To reduce the cost of galvanized metal by reducing the consumption of expensive zinc, one-sided galvanizing of steel sheet is promising. The chemical compositions and applications of the four most widespread zinc-based coatings, namely zinc, zinc-iron, zinc-aluminum and aluminum-zinc, are considered. It is indicated that on modern hot-dip galvanizing lines, the coating on the strip is applied from two sides. However, technologies for unilateral application of zinc coating on a steel strip are currently being developed, the use of which will reduce the consumption of expensive zinc and, consequently, the cost of finished products. Some effective methods and devices for one-sided galvanizing are presented and described

31

Mraz, L., and J. Lesay. "Problems with reliability and safety of hot dip galvanized steel structures." Soldagem & Inspeção 14, no. 2 (June 2009): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-92242009000200011.

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Hot dip galvanizing is very effective means of protection against corrosion. Some recommendation concerning the steel quality are generally known and accepted. The process consists of cleaning (pickling or sand blasting) and dipping the structures or pieces into liquid zinc bath. The case study of hot dip galvanized steels is presented. Some recent failures of hot dip galvanized welded structures and hot dip galvanized high strength steel screws are presented. Structures were made of S355 grade steel and MIG/MAG process was applied for welding. Large cracks were observed in the vicinity of welds after hot dip galvanizing process. The presence of both hydrogen and liquid metal embrittlement was identified and associated mainly with higher hardness of HAZ or the quenched and tempered steels. Possible cracking mechanisms are discussed. The influence of chemical composition and production process (welding, heat treatment) was analyzed according to data published in literature. The solutions and recommendations for avoiding the failure in hot dip galvanized structures are proposed.

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Gapsari, Femiana, Puth H. Setyarini, Khairul Anam, Siti Azizah, and Ria Yuliati. "The Effect of Hot Dip Galvanizing Temperature to Corrosion Rate of Steel as the Material for Chopper Machine." Solid State Phenomena 291 (May 2019): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.291.148.

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This study aims to find material steel for animal feed chopper machine which is not easily corroded with method of hot dip galvanizing (HDG). Steel as machinery components or construction often gets broken before the predicted time because of corrosion. The HDG method was begun by pre-treatment process which were polishing, degreasing, rinsing I, pickling, rinsing II, fluxing, and drying. The main process of galvanizing was done by dipping in 98% of zinc solution with temperature variation of 430, 450, 470, and 490°C. The coating thickness measurement was run with Coating thickness NOVOTEST TP-1M. The corrosion was tested with electrochemical method of potentiodynamic polarization with AUTOLAB PGSTAT 128. The highest value of coating thickness was at galvanized temperature of 490°C which was 88.9 ± 3.24%. The value of standard deviation was indicated by how much the coating homogeneity formed. This was in line with the amount of corrosion rate at galvanized temperature of 490°C. The highest corrosion rate values in H2SO4 and NaCl environment were 1.18 and 0.21 mm/year. The highest hardness value of Zn layer is galvanizing temperature of 490°C which rises 41.71% of the base metal. The coating thickness, corrosion and surface hardness test have thee good agreement.

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Pruncu, C. I., Z. Azari, C. Casavola, and C. Pappalettere. "Characterization and Prediction of Cracks in Coated Materials: Direction and Length of Crack Propagation in Bimaterials." International Scholarly Research Notices 2015 (January 31, 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/594147.

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The behaviour of materials is governed by the surrounding environment. The contact area between the material and the surrounding environment is the likely spot where different forms of degradation, particularly rust, may be generated. A rust prevention treatment, like bluing, inhibitors, humidity control, coatings, and galvanization, will be necessary. The galvanization process aims to protect the surface of the material by depositing a layer of metallic zinc by either hot-dip galvanizing or electroplating. In the hot-dip galvanizing process, a metallic bond between steel and metallic zinc is obtained by immersing the steel in a zinc bath at a temperature of around 460°C. Although the hot-dip galvanizing procedure is recognized to be one of the most effective techniques to combat corrosion, cracks can arise in the intermetallic δ layer. These cracks can affect the life of the coated material and decrease the lifetime service of the entire structure. In the present paper the mechanical response of hot-dip galvanized steel submitted to mechanical loading condition is investigated. Experimental tests were performed and corroborative numerical and analytical methods were then applied in order to describe both the mechanical behaviour and the processes of crack/cracks propagation in a bimaterial as zinc-coated material.

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Nasouri, Reza, Kien Nguyen, Arturo Montoya, Adolfo Matamoros, Caroline Bennett, and Jian Li. "Simulating the hot dip galvanizing process of high mast illumination poles. Part II: Effects of geometrical properties and galvanizing practices." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 159 (August 2019): 584–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.05.010.

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Ats-Tsauri, Muhammad Ibrahim, Isdaryanto Iskandar, and Barita Raja Siregar. "Strategi Penentuan Supplier untuk Mitigasi Dampak Kenaikan Harga Bahan Baku pada Industri Manufaktur Baja lapis seng." Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 14, no. 1 (May 12, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/oe.2022.v14.i1.038.

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According to the concept of supply chain management, one of the possible solutions for mutual survival in a turbulent world market is chain cooperation among the producer, his suppliers, and customers. The problem of supplier selection and determination of material quantities supplied is one of the most important activities in the supply chain. The purpose of this research is to propose a model for supplier selection for Cold Rolled Coil (CRC) supply by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), based on decision-making criteria validated by experts in the galvanizing industry. This study found that for galvanizing industry the weight of importance of Cost, Quality, Product, Service, and Delivery criteria is 0.47, 0.19, 0.19, 0.07, and 0.07, respectively. Supplier ranking based on their importance to the industry’s purpose has also been found, which would assist the decision-making process in determining CRC suppliers.

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Galin, R. G., N. A. Shaburova, and D. A. Zakharyevich. "Thermal Diffusion Galvanizing in Ferriferous Zinc Powder." Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.129.

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The features of the growth and the structure of diffusion zinc coatings in the process of galvanizing in powders with nanocrystallized surface area, alloyed with iron, are studied. It is established that the increase in the iron content in the powder substantially increases the area of the zinc solid solution in iron at a constant speed rate of the layer of zinc-iron phases. This effect is accompanied by the change in the morphology of powder particles as a result of iron saturation.

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Trull, Oscar, Juan Carlos García-Díaz, and Angel Peiró-Signes. "Forecasting Irregular Seasonal Power Consumption. An Application to a Hot-Dip Galvanizing Process." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010075.

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Distribution companies use time series to predict electricity consumption. Forecasting techniques based on statistical models or artificial intelligence are used. Reliable forecasts are required for efficient grid management in terms of both supply and capacity. One common underlying feature of most demand–related time series is a strong seasonality component. However, in some cases, the electricity demanded by a process presents an irregular seasonal component, which prevents any type of forecast. In this article, we evaluated forecasting methods based on the use of multiple seasonal models: ARIMA, Holt-Winters models with discrete interval moving seasonality, and neural networks. The models are explained and applied to a real situation, for a node that feeds a galvanizing factory. The zinc hot-dip galvanizing process is widely used in the automotive sector for the protection of steel against corrosion. It requires enormous energy consumption, and this has a direct impact on companies’ income statements. In addition, it significantly affects energy distribution companies, as these companies must provide for instant consumption in their supply lines to ensure sufficient energy is distributed both for the process and for all the other consumers. The results show a substantial increase in the accuracy of predictions, which contributes to a better management of the electrical distribution.

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INAGAKI, Jun-ichi, Michitaka SAKURAI, and Toyofumi WATANABE. "Alloying Reactions and Coating Microstructure in Continuous Galvanizing and Galvannealing Process." Tetsu-to-Hagane 79, no. 11 (1993): 1273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.79.11_1273.

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Marañón, Elena, Yolanda Fernández, and Leonor Castrillón. "Ion Exchange Treatment of Rinse Water Generated in the Galvanizing Process." Water Environment Research 77, no. 7 (November 2005): 3054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143005x73947.

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Dakhili, Nafiseh, Hekmat Razavizadeh, M. T. Salehi, and S. Hossein Seyedein. "Recovery of Zinc from the Final Slag of Steel's Galvanizing Process." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.592.

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With the rising cost of zinc reaching historic levels, more emphasis is being placed on technologies to increase the efficient utilization of zinc. One area targeted for increased efficiency is in-house recycling of metallic zinc industrial wastes. The largest consumer of zinc is the hot-dip galvanizing of steel. Large amount of zinc slag containing more than 50% zinc, are accumulated during galvanization processes at the surface of molten zinc bath and is usually skimmed manually. At First, The pyrometallurgical recovery of zinc from slag samples was carried out, and parameters affecting recovery processes such as time, temperature, and flux percentage were studied. The results obtained revealed that zinc metal is successfully recovered from these secondary resources. The recovery efficiency is 70% for zinc waste materials having a particle size diameter of + 1.25 mm. An optimum percentage of 25% weight of ammonium chloride fluxing agent was obtained. The optimum temperature for the recovery process was 700°C.

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Shin, Ki Tae, and Wan Kyun Chung. "A new Model and Control of Coating Process at Galvanizing line." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 41, no. 2 (2008): 9138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-kr-1001.01544.

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王, 智燕. "Application Study of Process Control System in Cold Rolling Galvanizing Line." Computer Science and Application 12, no. 06 (2022): 1499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/csa.2022.126149.

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Li, Peng, and Han Chen. "Vibration Analysis of Steel Strip in Continuous Hot-Dip Galvanizing Process." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 01, no. 06 (2013): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2013.16007.

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Inagaki, Jun-ichi, Michitaka Sakurai, Akihiko Nakamura, Noboru Taguchi, and Masahiro Shoji. "Development of Controlling Technology for Galvannealed Coating in Continuous galvanizing Process." Materia Japan 33, no. 4 (1994): 450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.33.450.

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Moon, Kyung-Man, Jae-Hyun Jeong, Jun-Mu Park, Myeong-Hoon Lee, and Tae-Sil Baek. "Improvement of Hot Dip Galvanizing Process by Additive to Flux Solution." Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering 49, no. 6 (December 31, 2016): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5695/jkise.2016.49.6.513.

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LACANETTE, Delphine, Stéphane VINCENT, Eric ARQUIS, and Pascal GARDIN. "Numerical Simulation of Gas-Jet Wiping in Steel Strip Galvanizing Process." ISIJ International 45, no. 2 (2005): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.45.214.

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Chakraborty, A., M. Manna, A. Pandey, and M. Dutta. "Development of an improved tube galvanizing process by prior metallic coating." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 213, no. 9 (September 2013): 1501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.03.016.

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Ilinca, F., F. Ajersch, C. Baril, and F. E. Goodwin. "Numerical simulation of the galvanizing process during GA to GI transition." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 53, no. 10 (2007): 1629–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1376.

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Bellini, Costanzo, Francesco Iacoviello, Francesco Carlino, and Vittorio Di Cocco. "The influence of hot dip galvanizing process on intermetallic phases formation." Material Design & Processing Communications 1, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): e39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mdp2.39.

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Sun, Chuhao, Ying Lin, Jiayong Cao, Chenglong Tang, and Xuemin Wang. "Numerical study of gas-solid two-phase flow in the snout of continuous hot-dip galvanizing process." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2760, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2760/1/012007.

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Abstract In the hot-dip galvanizing process for strip steel, zinc vapor oxidizes and forms zinc ash in the snout. Given that the snout connects the annealing furnace, the zinc ash will return to the annealing furnace with the gas, affecting the upstream process. The gas-solid two-phase flow regularity in the snout is the key issue for zinc ash control. In this paper, the snout of a hot-dip galvanizing production line was taken as the physical model. The two-phase flow was simulated by the Euler-Lagrange method and the zinc ash particles were simulated via the discrete phase model (DPM). The results show that several vortex regions exist in the snout due to the forced convection caused by the moving strip and changes in flow channel sizes. There exist differences in the movement of zinc ash with different diameters. Small zinc ash has a strong tracking performance with the gas. Large zinc ash is easy to remain in the snout. In addition, orthogonal analysis was conducted to determine the optimal parameter combination. The research results provide theoretical guidance for the operation scheme of the gas circulation system.