Academic literature on the topic 'Galvanic elements'
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Journal articles on the topic "Galvanic elements"
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Petrov, L. N. "Galvanic elements in corrosion cracks." Soviet Materials Science 25, no. 1 (1989): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00727917.
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Fritz, Heinz P., Klaus Stein, and Rudolf Herr. "A new type of electrolyte for galvanic elements." Journal of Power Sources 37, no. 3 (February 1992): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(92)85015-3.
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Petrov, L. N., V. G. Zakharchuk, K. Sulek, and B. Szczegelnjak. "On concentration galvanic elements in corrosion-mechanical cracks." Materials Science 35, no. 2 (March 1999): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02359984.
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Pierozynski, Boguslaw, and Henryk Bialy. "Galvanic coupling effects for module-mounting elements of ground-mounted photovoltaic power station." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2017-0063.
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Abstract This communication reports on the concerns associated with possible generation of galvanic coupling effects for construction materials that are used to manufacture mounting assemblies for ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) power stations. For this purpose, six macro-corrosion galvanic cells were assembled, including: hot-dip Zn/Magnelis®-coated steel/Al and stainless steel (SS)/Al cells. Corrosion experiments involved continuous, ca. three-month exposure of these couplings in 3 wt.% NaCl solution, conducted at room temperature for a stable pH value of around 8. All corrosion cells were subjected to regular assessment of galvanic current-density and potential parameters, where special consideration was given to compare the corrosion behaviour of Zn-coated steel samples with that of Magnelis®-coated electrodes. Characterization of surface condition and elemental composition for examined materials was carried-out by means of SEM and EDX spectroscopy techniques.
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Sriyono, Sriyono, Rahayu Kusumastuti, Sofia Loren Butarbutar, Abdul Hafid, Geni Rina Sunaryo, Diyah E. Lestari, and Elisabeth Ratnawati. "THE DEBRIS PARTICLES ANALYSIS OF RSG GAS COOLANT TO ANTICIPATE SEDIMENT INDUCED CORROSION." Jurnal Pengembangan Energi Nuklir 18, no. 1 (October 20, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jpen.2016.18.1.2675.
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THE DEBRIS PARTICLES ANALYSIS OF RSG-GAS COOLANT TO ANTICIPATE SEDIMENT-INDUCED CORROSION. The reliability of the structures, systems and components (SSC) of the G.A. Siwabessy Multipurpose Research Reactor (RSG-GAS) should be maintained to keep the reactor operates safely. Chemical control and management of coolant is one factor which determines the SSC’s reliability. The debris sedimentation in the primary coolant system must be examined. Debris occurs in the reactor pool, originating from airborne dust from the engineering hall. Several elements contained by the sediment can induce corrosion. This research was conducted to identify the trace elements which were contained in the sediments and determine their concentrations. The objective was to anticipate the occurrence of galvanic and pitting corrosion due to the presence of elements which are more noble than aluminum. The measurement methodology is Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA). Two groups of samples were analyzed; the first group was sampled from the debris trapped in the mechanical filter after the resin column, or known as the resin trap, and second was sampled from the debris which adhered to the heat exchanger tube. The primary coolant debris analysis showed that the neutron-activated sediment contained Na-24, Na-25, Al-28, Mg-27, Cr-51, Mn-54, Mn-56, Co-58, Co-60, Ni-65, and Fe-59. The Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, and Fe are more noble than aluminum can induce galvanic corrosion while Na, Ba, Al, and Mg are not. The radionuclides contained by the result of neutron activation of sediment from the heat exchanger tube are Mn-56, Na-24, As-76, Br-82, Fe-59, Zn-65, Cr-51, La-140, and Sc-46 which are mostly carbon steel corrosion products. Those elements do not initiate galvanic corrosion. The prevention of galvanic corrosion can be done by periodic maintenance.Key Words : sediment, debris, corrosion, galvanic, pitting, RSG Gas
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Savin, Cristian, Carmen Nejneru, Manuela Cristina Perju, Costica Bejinariu, Diana Burduhos-Nergis, and Andrei Victor Sandu. "Galvanic Corrosion of Ductile Cast Iron Coupled with Different Alloys in Synthetic Domestic Waste Water." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.2.6945.
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Waste water is an aggressive environment for transport pumps to treatment plants. The pumps used are generally, immersion pumps and are made of various elements like, rotor, stator, housing, screws, flanges, springs, seals, etc. The construction elements of the pumps are made of various metallic materials, such as nodular cast iron, gray cast iron, low alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum, bronze, brass, copper, etc. When immersed in waste water, the metals form galvanic series. The paper presents the galvanic corrosion analysis of the above-mentioned metals in case the corrosive environment is waste water with various compositions.
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de Oliveira, Cícero Lucas Martins, Francisco José de Paula Filho, João Victor Barbosa Moura, Daniel Muller G. Freitas, and Marcelo Oliveira Santiago. "Characterization of Galvanic Sludges Waste Derived of the Metal Plating Industry from Cariri Region, Northeastern of Brazil." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.541.
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In this study, galvanic sludge waste (GSW) was characterized in order to identify its chemical and structural properties, allowing indicate reuse, treatment and final disposal methods, and evaluate the environmental hazards. The characterization of the galvanic sludge sample originating from a surface treatment plant from galvanic industries of semi-jewels in the Cariri region, NE of Brazil was performed. The chemical characterization of the samples by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) showed that Zn and Cu are the predominant elements. However, elements like Ni, Cd, Mn, Fe, Cr and Co are present as a minority or as trace constituents. The concentrations of residues were higher, except Ni, in the LM industry (27 g Zn.kg -1, 194 g Cu.kg -1, 8 g Fe.kg-1, 538 mg Cd.kg -1, 227 mg Ni.kg -1, 73.5 mg Cr.kg1, 14 mg Co.kg-1) in relation to LJ (11 g Zn.kg-1, 3 g Fe.kg-1, 102 g Cu.kg-1, 2 g Cd.kg-1, 141 mg Ni.kg-1, 11 mg Co.kg-1), denoting that there is no uniform standard in the treatment process of the effluent from baths for Metal deposition. According to the standard procedure (Brazilian norm NBR10004/04) the elements Cd and Cr are the main constituents responsible for the classification of the residues as hazardous. The X-ray diffractogram of the dried galvanic sludge only revealed the presence of BaSO4 and CuO as crystalline phases, a result which agrees with the results from FT-IR. The results point to an attractive way of valorizing GSW avoiding the negative impact associated with its disposal in landfills.
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Дмитриков, В. П., В. В. Падалка, О. В. Проценко, and В. І. Коломєєц. "Технологія переробки відпрацьованих свинцево-кадмієвих гальванічних елементів. Повідомлення 2. Технологічна схема переробки." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 3 (September 27, 2013): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2013.03.36.
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Наведено результати досліджень із реагентної переробки відпрацьованих свинцево-кадмієвих га-льванічних елементів і акумуляторів, які слугують вторинною сировиною для електротехнічної про-мисловості. Розглянуто особливості технологіч-ного проектування, екологічні й економічні аспек-ти переробки. Проаналізовані стадії переробки відпрацьованих свинцево-кадмієвих гальванічних елементів і акумуляторів. Запропонована вдоско-налена методологія і розроблена апаратурно-технологічна схема переробки.
The results of researches on the reagent processing of exhaust leaden-cadmium galvanic elements and accumulators which serve as the second raw material for electrical engineering industry are produced. The features of the technological planning, ecological and economic aspects of processing, are considered. The stages of the processing of exhaust leaden-cadmium galvanic elements and accumulators are analyzed. The improved methodology is offered and the flowsheet of processing is developed.
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Dan, Zhen Hua, Feng Xiang Qin, and Nobuyoshi Hara. "The Refinement of the Nanoporous Copper by Adding Third Elements." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1986–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1986.
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Fine nanoporous copper was fabricated from the amorphous Ti-Cu alloys with a minor addition of silver in 10 mM HF solutions. The pore sizes decreased from 100 nm to 12 nm with the increase of the Ag contents in comparison of Ti60Cu40 ribbons free of Ag. With increasing of the dealloying time, the sizes of the nanopores and ligaments increased for the nanostrucutres on Ti60Cu38Ag2 ribbons since the segregation of the Ag phase which triggered the galvanic dissolution of the adjacent Cu matrix in form of micro-couplings to further coarsen the nanoporous Cu. On the contrary, the trace formation of the Ag phase on the Ti60Cu39Ag1 ribbons had a weak ability to motivate the galvanic dissolution, indicating by the constant pore sizes and slight decrease in the ligament sizes with the increase in the dealloying time. The refinement of the nanoporous structures was ascribed to the drastic decrease in the surface diffusivity. The decrease in the surface diffusivity due to the involvement of Ag with a lower surface diffusivity in comparison of Cu was more than one order of magnitude. The involvement of Ag adatoms restricted the diffusion of Cu adatoms in the interface regions in the inward and outward directions.
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Nemtinov, V. A., M. A. Matrokhin, Yu V. Nemtinova, and A. V. Krylov. "Improving the Design of the Device for Galvanic Coating of Small Parts of Ferrous Metals in Bulk." Vestnik Tambovskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta 26, no. 3 (2020): 472–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/vestnik.2020.03.pp.472-482.
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The analysis of the processes of galvanic coating of ferrous metal parts is carried out. The results of the design development of an improved installation for galvanic coating of small parts of ferrous metals in bulk are presented. The technology of galvanic coating of small parts of ferrous metals in bulk is proposed, calculations are carried out to determine the dimensions of structural elements and an electronic model of the installation is developed. On the basis of the electronic model and drawings, an experimental prototype of the installation was made that implements this process. The approbation of the installation, using the example of the production of a batch of various small parts has shown its high efficiency and prospects for use for a whole class of products made of ferrous metals.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Galvanic elements"
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Heller, Jacques. "Modélisation et caractérisation de transducteurs ultrasonores capacitifs micro-usinés appliqués à la réalisation de transformateurs pour l'isolation galvanique." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4009/document.
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Ces travaux présentent l'étude de transformateurs par voie acoustique, basés sur la technologie CMUT (Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer ), visant à développer des composants monolithiques assurant l'isolation électrique au sein de la commande des interrupteurs à semi-conducteurs. S'agissant de microsystèmes électromécaniques, les CMUTs offrent des perspectives intéressantes en terme d'intégrabilité monolithique avec les interrupteurs à semi-conducteurs. L'architecture proposée est constituée de deux transducteurs CMUTs de part et d'autre d'un substrat en silicium. Un outil de modélisation a été développé dans le but de prédire le comportement du transformateur. Des protocoles de mesure du rendement des dispositifs fabriqués ont été mis en place permettant une évaluation quantitative des performances des prototypes (un rendement de 32 % est atteint avec une marge de progression à 60 %). L'exploitation du modèle développé, et validé par les résultats de caractérisation, a permis de mettre en évidence les limites et perspectives d'amélioration de ces dispositifsThis work is a study of CMUT (Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transduer)based acoustical transformers as a step in the development of insulating components in semiconductor switches control chain. CMUT transducers being electromechanical systems (MEMS), their monolithic integration with semiconductor switches is full of interesting perspectives . The proposed architecture consists of two CMUTs layered on each side of a silicon substrate. A computational tool was designed to predict the behaviour of the transformer. Measurement protocols of the power efficiency of the constructed transformers were set up and allowed to quantify the prototypes' performances (A 32 % efficiency is currently reached, with improvements attainable up to 60 %). Exploring the results of the developed model, validated by bench measurements, allowed to determine the current limits of the transformers as well as perspectives of improvement
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Young, Paul S. "Modeling and Analysis for Atmospheric Galvanic Corrosion of Fasteners in Aluminum." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1430416832.
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Fang, Haitao. "Investigation of Localized Corrosion of Carbon Steel in H2S Environments." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1323981659.
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Погребова, Інна Сергіївна. "Наукові основи створення синергетичних адсорбційних інгібіторів корозії поліфункціонального призначення." Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2021. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/45499.
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Дисертація присвячена вирішенню важливої науково-технічної проблеми:
підвищенню корозійної стійкості та експлуатаційно-технічних властивостей
металевих виробів, устаткування та пристроїв шляхом використання
синергетичних адсорбційних інгібіторів корозії широкого спектру захисної дії.
Розроблено науково-обґрунтований підхід до створення ефективних інгібіторів
корозії на основі поліфункціональних органічних сполук та комбінацій
органічних сполук і солей металів. Підхід базується на комплексному
дослідженні процесів адсорбції, встановленні взаємозв’язку між будовою
органічних сполук, їх адсорбційними захисними властивостями, визначенні
особливостей кінетики парціальних реакцій конкретних видів корозії і шляхів
впливу на них інгібіторів, врахуванні ефектів внутрішньомолекулярного і
міжмолекулярного синергізму, які виникають при інгібуванні корозії.
Досліджено закономірності адсорбції та захисної дії при кислотній корозії
заліза та вуглецевих сталей різних за хімічним складом монофункціональних і
поліфункціональних органічних сполук. Виявлена роль амінних, піридинієвих,
карбонільних, тіокарбонільних, карбоксильних груп в захисній дії цих
інгібіторів. Розвинені сучасні наукові положення щодо механізму захисної дії
органічних інгібіторів корозії та ролі різних частинних ефектів її інгібування.
Запропоновано і експериментально обґрунтовано рівняння, яке встановлює
взаємозв’язок між кінетичними параметрами корозійних процесів, захисною
дією інгібіторів та їх адсорбційними властивостями з урахуванням механізму
анодного розчинення заліза.
Досліджено і науково обґрунтовано ефекти внутрішньомолекулярного і
міжмолекулярного синергізму, які виникають при інгібуванні корозії металів
поліфункціональними органічними сполуками з атомами Нітрогену, Оксигену,
Сульфуру та сумішами органічних і неорганічних сполук різного механізму
захисної дії. Встановлено, що амінні та піридинові фрагменти
поліфункціональних органічних сполук забезпечують їх захисну дію за
енергетичним механізмом при невисоких температурах, а тіокарбонільних та
карбоксильних – при підвищених. Висвітлено взаємозв’язок між характером сил
взаємодії між адсорбованими частинками та їх захисною дією при кислотній
корозії заліза. Запропоновано новий тип синергетичних інгібіторів кислотної,
сольової та лужної корозії цинку на основі сумішей органічних сполук і катіонів
металів. Встановлено роль модифікації поверхневих властивостей цинку, що
відбувається внаслідок протікання різних електрохімічних процесів в захисній
дії цього типу інгібіторів корозії.
Розроблена модель адсорбції органічних сполук на металах, заснована на
уявленнях про утворення комплексів з частинним переносом заряду та
прогнозуванні її протікання з використанням принципу ЖМКО Пірсона. На
підставі застосування запропонованої моделі адсорбції розроблено напрямки
створення нових ефективних інгібіторів корозії, засновані на врахуванні
адсорбційних властивостей металів, специфіки механізмів корозії, ефектів
синергізму їх захисної дії.
Розроблено нову серію органічних інгібіторів корозії на основі
четвертинних піридинієвих солей з карбонільними групами широкого спектру
дії і поліфункціонального призначення (кислотна корозія, мікробна корозія
металів в умовах бактеріальної сульфатредукції, кислотне корозійно-механічне
руйнування сталей). Досліджено взаємозв’язок між захисною дією органічних
сполук, електронними та стеричними властивостями їх замісників та природою
додаткових функціональних угрупувань, схильних до безпосередньої адсорбції
на сталі. Виявлено роль біологічного та електрохімічного факторів при
інгібуванні корозії металів в умовах бактеріальної сульфатредукції. Науково
обґрунтовано ефект синергізму захисної дії органічних сполук під впливом
продуктів метаболізму бактерій (HS
-
, H
S).
Досліджено вплив інгібіторів на саморозряд, електричні та розрядні
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характеристики цинкових та кадмієвих анодів хімічних джерел струму. На
підставі використання розроблених інгібіторів корозії запропоновано
удосконалені свинцево-цинкові та свинцево-кадмієві елементи з кислотними
електролітами, марганцево-цинкові елементи водно-сольової та водно-лужної
системи. Встановлена перспективність застосування комбінованого
протикорозійного захисту вуглецевих сталей в водних агресивних середовищах
на основі сумісного використання дифузійних покриттів та інгібіторів корозії.
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Mandel, Marcel. "Elektrochemisches Korrosionsverhalten von Nietverbindungen in Hybridbauweise." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-179056.
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In dieser Arbeit wurde das elektrochemische Korrosionsverhalten von zwei Nietverbindungen in Hybridbauweise untersucht. Auf der Grundlage von elektrochemischen Polarisationsversuchen der Nietkomponenten sowie durch Simulation mit der Methode der Finiten Elemente konnte das Korrosionsverhalten für den gefügten Zustand abgeleitet werden. Das Korrosionsverhalten für den gefügten Zustand wurde aus der grafischen Analyse der erhaltenen Stromdichte-Potential-Kurven abgeleitet. Zudem wurde in der Simulation ein kritischer Abstand für galvanisch induzierte Lochkorrosion auf der Aluminiumlegierung berechnet. Das grafisch abgeleitete sowie das berechnete Korrosionsverhalten wurden für beide Nietverbindungen im Experiment bestätigt. Weiterhin wurde ein systemspezifischer Werkstoffparameter mit einer neuentwickelten Analysemethode extrahiert und dessen Abhängigkeit von der Expositionszeit der Nietverbindungen in dem Klimawechseltest nach VDA 621-415 und dem VDA 621-414 Freibewitterungstest untersucht.
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Salhi, Lakhdar. "Contribution à l’étude des comportements mécaniques et à la corrosion d’un système de fondation de type pieu vissé dans un sol mou en environnement tropical humide." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0790/document.
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L’objet de cette thèse est l’étude des comportements mécanique et à la corrosion d’un nouveau système de fondation, dit pieux SPIRMEC, adapté aux structures légères. Le travail s’est focalisé sur deux grands aspects. Le premier aspect concerne l’analyse du comportement sous chargement axiale des pieux SPIRMEC sur la base de l’expérimentation et de la modélisation numérique dans un sol mou non cohésif. Quant au deuxième aspect, il traite du problème de la corrosion de l’acier constituant le pieu dans un environnement tropical humide. Le comportement des pieux SPIRMEC sous une charge axiale de traction, dans un sol fin non cohésif, a montré le développement d’une surface cylindrique de rupture. Celle-ci ne dépend pas de la configuration géométrique des pieux tel que : l’espacement S, le diamètre d’hélice Dh et le diamètre du tube d. En adoptant ce critère de rupture et à l’aide d’une analyse statistique des données, nous avons proposé quatre méthodes analytiques de prédiction de la capacité portante des pieux SPIRMEC à partir des essais in-situ et au laboratoire qui sont: • Méthode CPT basée sur la résistance de pointe pénétromètrique (essai CPT), • Méthode MPT basée sur la pression limite pressiomètrique (essai MPT), • Méthode du couple d’installation, • Méthode analytique basée sur les paramètres de cisaillement de sol notamment l’angle de frottement interne (essais triaxial et boîte de cisaillement). Ces méthodes tiennent compte de la géométrie du pieu, du procédé de mise en oeuvre et de la compacité du sol. L’analyse de performance des méthodes proposées a montré que les méthodes analytique et CPT représentent mieux le comportement des pieux testés. La modélisation numérique du comportement des pieux SPIRMEC sous charge axiale de traction a été également étudiée à l’aide du code de calcul Plaxis 2D. Un modèle axisymétrique a été adopté pour modéliser la géométrie de la structure. Le modèle de comportement hardening soil a été retenu pour modéliser le comportement élastoplastiq des couches de sol. Un modèle élastique linéaire a été retenu pour le pieu. Quant au comportement de l’interface sol-structure, il a été pris en compte par un modèle élastoplastique basé sur les critères de Mohr-Coulomb. L’expansion du sol résultant de l’installation des pieux a été approchée par une cavité cylindrique. Cette dernière a été modélisée par des déformations volumiques anisotropes. Nous avons constaté, qu’appliquer une déformation volumique de l’ordre de 40% permet une bonne concordance entre les résultats numériques et expérimentaux. L’étude paramétrique nous a également permis de constater l’existence d’une variation linéaire entre la capacité portante et l’espacement S. Le comportement de l’acier galvanisé dans le sol a été également étudié au moyen de trois approches: électrochimique, visuelles grâce au microscope électronique et gravimétrique. Les tests électrochimiques de corrosion du zinc ont été réalisés dans la solution de sol artificielle pour deux périodes bien distinctes : saison des pluies et après 8 mois de contact sol-pieu. Une forte dépendance est constatée de la vitesse de corrosion de zinc au pH et à la conductivité de la solution. La vitesse de corrosion est plus importante en saison des pluies qu’après 8 mois de contact de pieu avec le sol. Les fortes concentrations en sulfates semblent augmenter la vitesse de corrosion. Les analyses menées au MEB montrent que la zone de fluctuation de nappe et en surface externe (sol/air) sont les zones les plus corrodées. La comparaison entre les différentes techniques d’évaluation de la vitesse de corrosion a montré que l’eau de nappe peut être utilisée comme un milieu représentatif du profil chimique d’un sol non cohésif et légèrement granulaireThe purpose of this thesis is to study the both behaviors mechanical and of the corrosion of a new foundation system, called spirec piles, for lightweight structures. The work was based on two main aspects. The first aspect concerns the analysis of behavior of the spirmec piles under axial loading on the basis of experimental and numerical modeling in a non-cohesive soft soil. On the second aspect, it addresses the problem of corrosion of steel forming the pile in a humid tropical environment. The behavior of the tested piles under axial traction load, in a non-cohesive soil, showed the development of a cylindrical surface of failure. This does not depend on the geometrical configuration of the tested piles such that: the spacing s, the helix diameter dh and the diameter of the shaft. By adopting this failure criterion and using statistical data analysis, we proposed four analytical methods for predicting the bearing capacity of the piles from in-situ and laboratory tests, which are: cpt method based on tip resistance penetrometer (cpt test), mpt method based on pressuremeter limit pressure (test mpt), method of installation torque and analytical method based on the shear parameters of soil (triaxial tests and shear box). These methods take into account the geometry of the pile, the method and implementation of soil compaction. Performance analysis of the proposed methods showed that the analytical methods and cpt represent better the behavior of piles tested. An axisymmetric condition was assumed to model this geometry in two-dimensional space. In this study, we proposed to model the pipe screw pile with plates elements available in plaxis 2d. The helixes were modeled as circular disks. Interface elements were incorporated along the pile to simulate the soil-pile interaction. Hardening soil model was chosen to describe the soil with drained behavior was assigned for all layers. Linear elastic for pile and elastic plastic model based on the mohr-coulomb criterion was used to describe the interface behavior. The lateral expansion generated by the pile shaft was modeled by anisotropic volumetric strains (ɛxx=ɛzz, ɛyy=0). The pile behavior under tensile loading at different volumetric strains, it is clear that the best fit was obtained at volumetric strain of 40%. The parametric study also allowed us to establish the existence of a linear variation between the bearing capacity and spacings. The behavior of the galvanized steel in the ground has also been studied using three approaches such as: electrochemical, microscopic imaging and gravimetrically. Electrochemical tests of the corrosion of the zinc have been made in artificial soil solution into two periods, the rainy season and after eight months of contact soil-pile. Is a strong dependence of the observed corrosion rate of the zinc at the ph and conductivity of the solution. The corrosion rate is higher in the rainy season compared to eight months of contact of the pile with soil. High sulfate concentrations increase the rate of corrosion. The meb analysis shows that the fluctuation zone of the water table is the most corroded area. Comparison between the different methods of evaluating the corrosion rate showed that the ground water may be used as a representative profile of the chemical environment of a non-cohesive soil and slightly granular
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Chen, Jyun-Ting, and 陳俊廷. "Effect of Alloying Elements on the Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of Copper-Aluminum Alloy Couples." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71226583941129135626.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
機械工程系
102
In this study, the potential of couples, copper and various aluminum alloys, were measured. The metallographic microstructures of the couples after immersion in 3.5%NaCl solution for 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 70 days were observed. According to the microstructures, the influence of different aluminum alloys on galvanic corrosion was analyzed. The dynamic polarization curve showed that the corrosion potential of copper was higher than aluminum alloy. From the result of the dynamic polarization scan , a passive region was found for copper in 3.5%NaCl solution. However it was not found for aluminum alloys. The highest potential was the AA7475-C1100 couple, the lowest potential was the AA1050-C1100 couple. The metallographic microstructures showed that corrosion of aluminum alloys were more serious than copper. From the observation of microstructures, large area of corrosion products was found on the surface of copper. From the result of EDS analysis, the corrosion products contained aluminum. Aluminum anode dissolved and reacted with solution. The products deposited on the surface of copper . Therefore, an accelerate corrosion was found at the aluminum alloys. Copper was protected from the corrosion.
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"Numerical Modelling of Galvanic Structural Joints Subjected to Combined Environmental and Mechanical Loading." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.34920.
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abstract: Dissimilar metal joints such as aluminum-steel joints are extensively used in automobile, naval and aerospace applications and these are subjected to corrosive environmental and mechanical loading resulting in eventual failure of the structural joints. In the case of aluminum alloys under aggressive environment, the damage accumulation is predominantly due to corrosion and is accelerated in presence of other metals. During recent years several approaches have been employed to develop models to assess the metal removal rate in the case of galvanic corrosion. Some of these models are based on empirical methods such as regression analysis while others are based on quantification of the ongoing electrochemical processes. Here, a numerical model for solving the Nernst- Planck equation, which captures the electrochemical process, is implemented to predict the galvanic current distribution and, hence, the corrosion rate of a galvanic couple. An experimentally validated numerical model for an AE44 (Magnesium alloy) and mild steel galvanic couple, available in the literature, is extended to simulate the mechano- electrochemical process in order to study the effect of mechanical loading on the galvanic current density distribution and corrosion rate in AE44-mild steel galvanic couple through a multiphysics field coupling technique in COMSOL Multiphysics®. The model is capable of tracking moving boundariesy of the corroding constituent of the couple by employing Arbitrary Langrangian Eulerian (ALE) method.Results show that, when an anode is under a purely elastic deformation, there is no apparent effect of mechanical loading on the electrochemical galvanic process. However, when the applied tensile load is sufficient to cause a plastic deformation, the local galvanic corrosion activity at the vicinity of the interface is increased remarkably. The effect of other factors, such as electrode area ratios, electrical conductivity of the electrolyte and depth of the electrolyte, are studied. It is observed that the conductivity of the electrolyte significantly influences the surface profile of the anode, especially near the junction. Although variations in electrolyte depth for a given galvanic couple noticeably affect the overall corrosion, the change in the localized corrosion rate at the interface is minimal. Finally, we use the model to predict the current density distribution, rate of corrosion and depth profile of aluminum alloy 7075-stainless steel 316 galvanic joints, which are extensively used in maritime structures.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2015
Books on the topic "Galvanic elements"
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Wehner, Heinz. Elementos Galvanicos Secundarios. Marcombo, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Galvanic elements"
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Boese, E., J. Goellner, A. Heyn, and St Eisenberg. "Galvanic Corrosion of Magnesium Alloy AZ91 with Coated Elements." In Magnesium, 599–604. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603565.ch95.
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Brichau, F., and J. Deconinck. "A Numerical Model Coupling Galvanic Corrosion and Ohmic Voltage Drop in Buried Pipelines." In Boundary Element Technology VII, 389–403. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2872-8_27.
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KISHIMOTO, Kikuo, Hiroyuki MIYASAKA, and Shigeru AOKI. "Boundary Element Analysis of the Inverse Problem in Galvanic Corrosion." In Boundary Element Methods in Applied Mechanics, 453–62. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-036958-7.50049-3.
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ZAI-LU, JIN, HUANG YI, and M. IWATA. "APPLICATION OF BEM TO GALVANIC CORROSION PROBLEMS AND THE QUASI-LINEAR METHOD FOR NONLINEAR BOUNDARY PROBLEM." In Boundary Element Methods, 339–48. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-040200-0.50039-x.
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Chien, Chih-Feng, Brent G. Walters, Ching-Yieh Lee, and Ching-Jung Liao. "Developing Musical Creativity Through Activity Theory in an Online Learning Environment." In Research Anthology on Music Education in the Digital Era, 288–308. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5356-8.ch018.
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An online general education platform, e-Holistic (e-HO), was developed to support digital learning. Following Burnard's (2007) adoption of Activity Theory (AT) in designing music education to galvanize learners' creativity, the authors' study extended her theoretical framework through a hypothetical model they designed. From AT, this article investigates a number of elements—musical activities (tools), e-HO (community), emotional arousal (object), and musical creativity (outcome). Through the operation of the AT system, 733 students immersed in musical activities in e-HO were able to compose music even without any musical background. The purpose of this article is to report how an e-HO online activity helps arouse students' emotions and inspire their musical creativity. The structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis indicates that all research hypotheses were supported, and the musical activities on e-HO predicted 71.6% of students' self-assessed musical creativity. Finally, the implications of the authors' findings are reported for the future development of online musical education.
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Allison, Mark A. "Poetic Vanguardism and Political Violence in Capel Lofft’s “Chartist Epic”." In Imagining Socialism, 76–112. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896490.003.0003.
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In 1839, an economically battered Britain teetered on the threshold of revolution. The neo-Spencean poet Capel Lofft aspired to use his anonymously circulated epic, Ernest; or, Political Regeneration, to send it over the brink. Ernest describes, in sanguinary detail, the growth and eventual triumph of an agrarian-communist insurrection. A charismatic poet leads the revolt, using fiery oratory to inspire his co-conspirators. Because Ernest was clearly intended to galvanize militant elements within the Chartist movement into action—and because its author was alarmingly eloquent—hysteria greeted the epic’s appearance. This chapter’s reading of Ernest traces how Lofft employs vanguardism, the belief that artists can lead the masses in a progressive direction, to allay his own doubts about the viability of popular self-governance. More broadly, it utilizes Ernest, a hybrid of contemporaneous radical social and political thought, as a staging ground to investigate the uneasy comingling of Chartism and Owenite socialism, the two great working-class movements of the first half of the nineteenth century. Lofft’s epic stages several questions with exemplary clarity: is revolution a political event, or the anti-political mechanism by which “politics” is definitively superseded? Are the people the heroes of the emancipatory narrative? Or does the revolutionary leader, rendered sublime by the fervency of his commitment, inevitably eclipse them? Can poetry, a literary mode increasingly defined by its detachment from practical concerns, marshal the rhetorical and conceptual resources of the aesthetic to foster national regeneration?
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Rheinfrank, John J., and Arnold Wasserman. "Design for Usability: Crafting a Strategy for the Design of a New Generation of Xerox Copiers." In Usability: Turning Technologies into Tools. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195075106.003.0005.
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As designers, we view our work not merely as the production of products, but also as the creation of evocative and evolutionary artifacts that play important roles in shaping people’s lives. Well-designed artifacts tell people what functions they perform and how they perform them—this is why they have been designed, not merely produced or created. More important, through their design, well-designed artifacts also participate in the construction of human experience. In particular, carefully crafted artifacts can participate in the construction of human experiences surrounding how they (the artifacts themselves) can be used. Thus, we arrive at “Design for Usability,” a phrase we use to refer to the design of an artifact’s use through the design of its physical presence in the world. This chapter, then, is about a shift in perspective from “design as the post hoc application of form and appearance elements to functionality, with the intent of communicating that functionality” to “design as the conscious crafting of usability, through the skillful development of form and appearance elements, with the intent of providing people with the resources to perceive and construct usability themselves.” Expressed another way, we are talking about turning innovative concepts into everyday and universal operations through the design of things. As we said to ourselves while working on the “Design for Usability” project we are about to describe: “If we could make the experience of using a Xerox photocopier as simple and straightforward as the experience of walking through a door, then we will have made a truly usable copier.” We will demonstrate the process of designing according to this shift in perspective through a case study of a successful photocopier-design collaboration between Xerox Corporation (Xerox) and Fitch RichardsonSmith (FRS). Historically, Xerox has always pursued the goal of creating products and services intended to improve how people work and the overall quality of people’s work lives. More recently, Xerox copiers have not been designed as objects, but as artifacts that galvanize the work culture at Xerox to produce them and the widely distributed work culture of Xerox’s customers to make them part of their everyday activities.
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Shedyakov, Vladimir. "ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY REPRODUCTION AND PRODUCT IN CULTIVATION OF A NEW SOCIAL ORDER." In Priority areas for development of scientific research: domestic and foreign experience. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-049-0-13.
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The aim of the work is to analyse the range of possibilities for environmentally friendly reproduction not so much as a separate direction (in particular, the green economy), but as a pivotal direction of structural transformations on a paradigmatic scale. The emphasis on the characteristics of nature similarity, friendliness, mutual interest, tolerance, equality, and equivalence is recorded as an important element of global and national changes. Close entry into local communities and respect for their value-sense complexes becomes an element of the convergence strategy. The formation of a social order that cultivates environmentally friendly reproduction is closely related to the unity of public and private interests, mechanisms of partnership and acts as the foundation of social state with power (in particular, government) responsible to the people. The methodology of both research and presentation of material integrates an abstract-theoretical approach with a concrete-historical one. The cultivation of the green economy is associated not only with the necessary increase in the competitiveness of products, but also with an inalienable change in the entire way of life, the formation of a new social order (including in the economy). The complex development of the environment for interaction of business entities is also considered as a significant factor in national, regional and international security, and the focus on environmentally friendly reproduction and products as a promising direction of integration. Protection of domestic producers of goods and services, creators of tangible and intangible products is an important area of ensuring real economic sovereignty and promoting national interests. The growth of measures of pro-social development and the realization of the giftedness of the population in creative (primarily, scientific and intellectual) activities is becoming an indispensable necessity for organic socio-economic development. The organic nature of changes requires being based on both global and own patterns and peculiarities, their basic value-sense complexes and traditions, social foundations and political forms. Accordingly, the search for alternative dominant models of a combination of reasonable individual initiative and state regulation, based on broad theoretical and methodological research and explicit applied sound, is especially in demand when the paradigmatic level changes. On the contrary, training (often outdated and non-working) fragments of Western social science does not galvanize the socio-political corpse of a fading social paradigm. Such attempts especially clearly demonstrate their inconsistency when the practical-theoretical paradigm is changed, when attempts to apply clichés from the rump of the conceptual apparatus of Western modernity are not able to confirm their practical truth, to justify the use of terminology. Successful overcoming of the next evolutionary barrier and overcoming the contours of tension requires the development of adequate theoretical and practical tools. The postponement of urgent changes due to the global epidemic was not only additionally updated, but also increased the degree of their public relevance. Latently, there is the cultivation of new tools, the development of the opening opportunities for the formation of a higher moral order of environmentally friendly means of self-realization and cooperation: by no means only technical and technological, but also socio-economic and financial too.
Conference papers on the topic "Galvanic elements"
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Antonov, Mykola, and Iurii Krysan. "An Electronic Key with Galvanic Isolation for Monitoring the State of Elements in Energy Converters." In 2020 IEEE Problems of Automated Electrodrive. Theory and Practice (PAEP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/paep49887.2020.9240828.
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Chen, Yixin, Emmanuel Simon, Bing Sheng Khoo, Esther Lee, Meailing Chooi, Meng Hao, Jingjing Shao, Younan Hua, and Xiaomin Li. "A Comprehensive Investigation of the Galvanic Corrosion Induced Ag-Al Bond Degradation in Microelectronic Packaging Using Argon Ion Milling, SEM, Dual Beam FIB-SEM, STEM-EDS, and TOF-SIMS." In ISTFA 2014. ASM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2014p0166.
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Abstract In this study, a comprehensive investigation of the Ag-Al bond degradation mechanism in an electrically failed module using the argon ion milling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dual beam focused ion beam-SEM, scanning transmission electron microscopy energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry is reported. It is found that the bond degradation is due to the galvanic corrosion in the Ag-Al bonding area. Specific attention is given to the information of microstructures, elements, and corrosive ions in the degraded bond. In this study, it is believed that the Ag-Al bond degradation is highly related to the packaging designs.
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Fialkova, Svitlana, Honglin Zhang, Zhigang Xu, and Jagannathan Sankar. "Effect of Sample Preparation on Volta Potential Measurements of Plastically Deformed Mg-Al Alloys." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11783.
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Abstract The low corrosion resistance of Mg alloys is the major challenge that slows down the actual application of these lightweight materials. Magnesium has a more negative standard reduction potential than common alloying elements — aluminum and zinc. The formation of local galvanic couples was reported in AZ31-AZ91 alloys due to precipitation of secondary phases, and it was suggested that these galvanic couples provided initiation sites for localized pitting corrosion. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) technique is a precise tool to study the Volta potential distribution on surfaces. Since the lateral resolution of SKPFM maps can reach several nanometers, the technique can be used to detect the deformation-induced formation of nano-particles and phases nucleates. However, the precision of the measurements is affected by several factors: tip-sample distance, humidity, the roughness of the surface and tip characteristics, i.e. tip radius, conductivity, and stiffness. Taking into account that magnesium surface is commonly covered by the self-forming oxide layer, which is reducing electrical sensitivity of the tip, the sample preparation and handling can be considered the major factor that affects the quality of measurements by SKPFM. The aim of our work was to investigate different alternative sample preparation methods for SKPFM and to compare the results (Volta potential maps and topography) with the optical, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy maps. The samples were prepared by mechanical polishing, mechanical polishing followed by chemical etching and mechanical polishing followed by ion-milling. For our study, we used a laboratory hot-rolled magnesium-aluminum alloy samples and analysis were focused on typical metallurgical features: surface topography, intermetallic nano-particules and phases nucleates, grain boundary precipitates and grain boundaries.
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Haschka, Markus, and Volker Krebs. "A Direct Approximation of Cole-Cole-Systems for Time-Domain Analysis." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84579.
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Cole-Cole-systems are important in electrochemistry to represent impedances of galvanic elements like fuel cells. Fractional calculus has to be applied for system analysis of Cole-Cole-systems in the time-domain. The representation of fractional differential equations of Cole-Cole-systems is addressed in this contribution. Usually, the fractional derivation is approximated, to ensure that the fractional system can be represented by conventional differential equations of an integer order. This article presents a new opposite approach, which results by direct approximation of the Cole-Cole-systems by conventional linear time invariant systems. The method considered is based on the distribution density function of relaxation times of first order Debye-processes. This distribution density is an alternative representation of the transfer behavior of such a system. Several approximation methods, based on an analysis of the distribution density, are presented in this work. The feasibility of these methods will be demonstrated by a comparison of simulated data of the approximation models to ideal data and reference values, respectively.
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Schumerth, Dennis J. "Thin-Wall Titanium Condenser Tubing: The Next Plateau." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26121.
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Commercially pure (cp.) titanium and its alloys provide excellent resistance to general and localized corrosion attack under most oxidizing, neutral and inhibited reducing conditions in aqueous environments. Titanium is also notable for its outstanding resistance to chlorides and other halides generally present in most process streams. In addition, titanium resists other malicious phenomenon including steam and particle erosion, crevice corrosion, galvanic attack and MIC. Given this general corrosion immunity, designers have increasingly applied thin-wall condenser tubing in pursuit of cost savings and performance enhancement. Typically, these thin-wall applications have, over the past several years, been limited to 25 BWG or 0.020”/0.5mm walls or heavier. The “industry” has, out of necessity, moved to address the special nuances of the 25 BWG including design, procurement, handling, fabrication and testing parameters with increasing success. It would appear however, that designers, operators and pundits alike require further education and refinement on the specific operational characteristics when integrated into the powerplant environment. Considerable work has been recently completed investigating even thinner wall titanium tubing. This paper will address the essential data elements of this expanded research focusing specifically on Grade 2 titanium in 27 BWG or 0.016”/0.4mm. Since a significant portfolio of 27 BWG installations is rapidly taking shape, it is prudent to examine key ingredients that would warrant consideration of this “next-plateau” gauge material. Indeed, work is currently underway exploring the technology required to fabricate condenser tubes as thin as 30 BWG /0.013”/0.3 mm.) In summary, the paper will present and summarize substantive evidence suitable for comparison against previously acquired empirical data and prior art.
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Callejon, M. A., L. Fernandez-Jimenez, J. Reina-Tosina, and L. M. Roa. "Galvanic intrabody communication for brain stimulation: A finite-element simulation study." In 2017 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization for RF, Microwave, and Terahertz Applications (NEMO). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nemo.2017.7964173.
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Ates, Kayhan, and Sukru Ozen. "Modelling of Galvanic Coupled Intrabody Communication due to Finite Element Method." In 2019 Medical Technologies Congress (TIPTEKNO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tiptekno.2019.8895216.
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Ansari, Seyedmasoud, and Colin G. Farquharson. "3D finite‐element simulation of electromagnetic data for inductive and galvanic components." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2011. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3628189.
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Duddu, Ravindra, Nithyanand Kota, and Siddiq Qidwai. "An Extended Finite Element Model of Crevice and Pitting Corrosion." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50423.
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A sharp interface model formulation is developed for simulating the electrochemical environment in crevices/pits due to galvanic corrosion in aqueous media. The concentration of ionic species and the electrical potential in the crevice is established using the non-dimensionalized Nernst-Planck equations along with the assumption of local electro-neutrality. The crevice/pit interface fluxes are defined in terms of the cathodic and anodic current densities using Butler-Volmer kinetics. The extended finite element method is used to discretize the governing equations and the level set function to describe the interface morphology independent of the underlying finite element mesh. The advantage of this formulation is that it eliminates the need for cumbersome mesh generation and remeshing when the interface morphology changes. Numerical investigations of steady-state intergranular crevice corrosion in idealized Al-Mg alloy microstructures in two-dimensions are conducted to establish the viability of the formulation. Simulation results predict large pH and chloride concentration within the crevice environment, which leads us to the conclusion that chemical reactions and precipitation play a prominent role during crevice corrosion.
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Socariceanu, M., X. An, A. Deighton, and A. Friday. "Corrosion Assessment of Aluminium Conductor for Medium Voltage Cables for Subsea Umbilical System." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77483.
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High tensile strength aluminum offers great potential as a conductor material for Medium Voltage power cables within subsea umbilicals. Its excellent fatigue performance makes it suitable for dynamic umbilicals and its high tensile strength and light weight make it an ideal candidate for deepwater dynamic umbilicals either as an independent load bearing member or as an electrical conductor taking load share in an armoured or steel tube umbilical. Umbilicals, are the bundles of electrical and hydraulic components that connect and control elements of a subsea Oil and Gas production system. 6000 series aluminum conductors, commonly known as AAAC (All Aluminum Alloy) conductors are widely used on high voltage overhead transmission lines, primarily on long spans due to their increased tensile strength. They have been widely used in various environments and possess an excellent track record. However, the use of AAAC 6000 series in a subsea umbilical system is novel. The cable located inside an umbilical bundle is normally of a wet insulation design, and an area of concern is that the seawater may permeate through the cable insulation allowing the conductor material to be in contact with water throughout its design life. Hence the corrosion resistance of the AAAC 6000 series in a seawater environment is of paramount importance and therefore must be assessed. This paper details the corrosion assessment of the 6000 series aluminum power cable conductor at RINA Consulting Ltd’s laboratories together with complimentary field testing. The presented test results are based on long term (6–12 months) laboratory testing. The test programme investigated permeation, impact of temperature, effect of hydrostatic pressure and galvanic corrosion, with the tests being performed on material coupons and cable samples in a simulated seawater environment. Also detailed is the outcome of a full-scale cable field immersion test, 6 months under 1000m depth at seabed temperature of 10°C. The results demonstrated that there was no Cl− and Na+ ion permeation through the insulation layer. Also, there is no sign of aluminium conductor corrosion and no drop-in insulation resistance witnessed for all tested samples at temperatures up to 90°C and under a high pressure of 300bar after a one year test period, which is sufficient to qualify use in a subsea application. Based on the results of the presented laboratory testing and field immersion testing, it can be concluded that 6000 series aluminium conductors within ‘wet design’ Medium Voltage power cables will not be susceptible to corrosion in a subsea environment and could be used in other applications such as renewables.