Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Galaxie : structure'
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Nieuwmunster, Niels. "Les systèmes les plus denses de l'Univers : le disque nucléaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5041.
Full textUnderstanding the formation and evolution of galaxies and in particular their galactic centres is one of the most intriguing questions in modern astrophysics. Many spiral galaxies like the Milky Way feature a nuclear stellar disc (NSD) in their centre. The Milky Way's NSD is, together with the nuclear star cluster and the central super massive black hole, one of the main inner components and best local laboratories available for studying galaxy evolution. Because of high extinction, crowding, and the superposition of multiple structures along the line of sight, studies of the inner regions of the Milky Way are however very challenging and very little has been done so far. Thanks to recent data, this thesis aims at unveiling the physical processes which led to the formation of the NSD and its links with the other components of the Milky Way. This manuscript is divided into three parts corresponding to the different methodologies used.For the first part, thanks to high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy, I carried out a chemical analysis of cool giant stars located in the inner Galactic bulge. I measured detailed abundances of the alpha-elements: silicon, magnesium and calcium, using recent and precise theoretical data such as an updated line list, broadening parameters and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium corrections. Based on the derived abundances, a tailored chemical evolution model for the inner Galactic bulge was constructed. I also used spectral analysis to measure the carbon isotopic ratio automatically in solar neighbourhood giant stars in order to establish a relation with asteroseismic stellar mass. This would allow to estimate stellar ages in distant regions such as the NSD.In the second part of this thesis, I studied the dynamics of stars observed in the Milky Way's NSD by doing an orbital analysis. I computed orbits in a non-axisymmetric gravitational potential accounting for the effects of the Galactic bar and derived their fundamental frequencies. This allowed me to identify the orbital resonances and then the different orbit families that may be present in the NSD.In addition to observations, simulations are of great interest to fully understand the physical processes that formed the inner regions of the Galaxy. In this final part, I used a N-body hydrodynamic simulation of an isolated Milky Way like galaxy in order to study the formation of its NSD. This simulation allowed to do a first comparison between observations and simulations in terms of chemistry and dynamics
Machado, murtinheiras martins Andre. "Statistical analysis of large scale surveys for constraining the Galaxy evolution." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2026/document.
Full textThe formation and evolution of the thick disc of the Milky Way remain controversial. We made use of a population synthesis model of the Galaxy, the Besançon Galaxy Model (Robin et al. 2003), which can be used for data interpretation, study the Galactic structure and test different scenarios of Galaxy formation and evolution. We examined these questions by studying the shape and the metallicity distribution of the thin and thick disc using the population synthesis approach. We imposed on simulations observational errors and biases to make them directly comparable to observations. We corrected magnitudes and colors of stars, from the simulation, using an extinction model. The available extinction models do not always reproduce the exact quantity of extinction along the line of sight. A code to correct the distribution of extinction in distance along these lines have been developed and the corrected extinctions have been applied on model simulations. We studied the shape of the thin disc using photometric data at low latitudes from the SDSS-SEGUE survey. We compared qualitatively and quantitatively observations and simulations and try to constrain the Initial Mass Function. Using the spectroscopic survey SEGUE we selected Main Sequence Turnoff (MSTO) stars (Cheng et al 2012) and K giants to study the metallicity distribution of the thin and thick discs. We computed a distance for each star from the relation between effective temperatures and absolute magnitudes for the observed and simulated catalogs. These two catalogues have the same biases in distances, therefore are comparable. We developed a tool based on a MCMC-ABC method to determine the metallicity distribution and study the correlations between the fitted parameters. We confirmed a radial metallicity gradient of -0.079 ± 0.015 dex kpc−1 for the thin disc. We obtained a solar neighborhood metallicity of the thick disc of -0.47 ± 0.03 dex similar to previous studies and the thick disc shows no gradient but the data are compatible with an inner positive gradient followed by a outer negative one. Furthermore, we have applied the developed tools to the Gaia-ESO spectroscopic survey and computed the metallicity distribution of F/G/K stars in the thin and thick disc assuming a two epoch formation for the thick disc of the Milky Way. We obtained a local metallicity in the thick disc of -0.23 ± 0.04 dex slightly higher than the one obtained with SEGUE but in agreement with Adibekyan et al. (2013) and a radial metallicity gradient for the thick disc in agreement with our previous analysis of SEGUE data and the literature. The local metallicity is in fair agreement with literature at the 3σ level but because the GES data is an internal release under testing further analysis with more data and better calibrations have to be done. The existence of a flat gradient in the thick disc can be a consequence of an early formation from a highly turbulent homogeneous well mixed gas, unless it has suffered heavy radial mixing later on
Siebert, Arnaud. "Structure et dynamique des disques de la Galaxie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13036.
Full textJesseit, Roland. "The orbital structure of galaxies and dark matter halos in N-body simulations." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970059388.
Full textPohlen, Michael. "The radial structure of galactic stellar disks surface photometric study on disk galaxies /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964128535.
Full textConn, Anthony Rhys. "Structure of the M31 satellite system : bayesian distances from the tip of the red giant branch." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01012081.
Full textMartin, Nicolas. "A la recherche de structures stellaires du disque galactique au halo de la galaxie d'Andromède." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/MARTIN_Nicolas_2006.pdf.
Full textGOZ, DAVID. "Numerical simulations of galaxies in cosmological volumes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2908076.
Full textBeuret, Maxime. "Formation stellaire dans la galaxie et interaction avec le milieu interstellaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE017/document.
Full textHow stars form? This broad question uses knowledges in several areas, including two majors, the Star Formation and the Interstellar Medium. My thesis is a part of this overall framework. Our galaxy is a laboratory complex for the study of this formation. I became interested in the first stages of the star formations, from Molecular Clouds to protostars. I mainly used data from the Herschel telescope which provides us with images and data in the far infrared and sub-millimiter at an unparalleled resolution. First of all, I built a catalogue of young clumps using SPECFIND, an algorithm of cross-identification. Then I applied an algorithm of clustering, MST, over 100 000 young clumps to find over-densities in order to release the first catalogue of young stellar clusters in a galactic scale. Finally, I studied the physical properties of these clusters and their young clumps
Terral, Philippe. "Structure du champ magnétique interstellaire dans le disque et le halo de notre galaxie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30234/document.
Full textCharacterization of the interstellar magnetic field of our Galaxy is a major challenge for astrophysics. A better understanding of its properties, particularly its structure, would be valuable in many research areas, from cosmic-ray studies to Galactic dynamics and including interstellar medium evolution and star formation. Recent radio observations uncovered common characteristics in the magnetic structure of nearby galaxies similar to the MilkyWay. In face-on galaxies, magnetic field lines appear to form a spiral pattern similar to that observed in the optical. In edge-on galaxies, magnetic field lines appear to be parallel to the galactic plane in the disc and X-shaped in the halo. One may naturally wonder whether such an X-shape structure is also present in the halo of our own Galaxy. The purpose of the work performed during my three years as a Ph.D. student was to try and provide some answers to this question. There are two major difficulties : on one hand, our location within the Milky Way does not mate it to have a global view of its large-scale magnetic structure; on the other hand, the magnetic field is not directly observable, so it is necessary to implement indirect techniques, based on the effect the magnetic field can have on a given observable, to estimate some characteristics of the magnetic field. My own work is based on Faraday rotation. I first built an observational reference map of the Faraday depth of our Galaxy associated with the large-scale magnetic field. To that end, I had to develop a simple model of the turbulent magnetic field in order to substract its contribution to the Galactic Faraday depth from that of the total magnetic field. I then constructed theoretical maps of Galactic Faraday depth based on a set of analytical models of the large-scale magnetic field that are consistent with various (theoretical and observational) constraints and depend on a reasonable number of free parameters. Finally I fitted the values of these parameters through a challenging optimization phase. My manuscript is divided into four main chapters. In Chapter 1, I present the context of my work as well as various general results useful for my study. In Chapter 2 I review all the elements required for my modeling, with emphasis on the set of analytical models used. In Chapter 3, I describe my simulation and optimization procedures. In Chapter 4 I present my results. In this final chapter, I derive the parameter values of the different field models that lead to the best fit to the observations, I try to identify the role of each parameter and its impact on the theoretical map, and I discuss the different geometries allowed in the various cases. Finally, I show that the fit to the observational map is slightly better with a bisymmetric halo field than with an axisymmetric halo field, and that an X-shape pattern in polarization maps naturally arises in the first case whereas the field appears to remain mainly horizontal in the second case
Lombardo, Linda. "Explorer l'histoire de la Galaxie grâce à la spectroscopie stellaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLO011.
Full textThis thesis project presents several studies that are focused on the investigation of the chemical properties of different stellar populations in the Milky Way by means of high-resolution spectroscopy.The thesis is structured as follows:The first chapter is an introduction to the thesis project, and is divided into three sections. The first section describes the structure and formation scenarios of the Milky Way, in particular by referring to the most recent discoveries. The second section introduces the basic concepts and objectives of the studies presented in this thesis work. The third section describes the methods used to analyse the spectroscopic data.The second chapter presents the studies carried out in the context of the MINCE project. The first study is devoted to the chemical analysis of a sample of young giant stars that was serendipitously discovered during the first MINCE observations. My contribution in this work was to derive the stellar parameters, analyse the spectroscopic data, measure the rotational velocities, compare the results with theoretical models and write the paper. The second study presents the results obtained from the analysis of the first sample of MINCE stars. In this work, I contributed to the analysis of some of the stars in the sample.The third chapter presents the results obtained in the context of the CERES project. The first study presents a detailed chemical analysis of the star RAVE J110842.1-715300, with the aim of understanding whether or not it originated in the Omega Centauri globular cluster. My contribution in this study was to derive the stellar parameters of the star. The second study presents the results obtained for the CERES star sample. My contribution was to derive the parameters, compute model atmospheres, measure the chemical abundances, and write the paper.The fourth chapter presents the results obtained in the context of the High-speed stars project. The first study reports the results obtained from the high-resolution follow-up of two young and metal-poor stars in the sample of Caffau et al. (2020), to check whether they are blue stragglers or not. My contribution in this study was to obtain the high-resolution observations with UVES and to analyse the data. These results have not been published yet. The second study presents a detailed analysis of two high-speed stars observed with Subaru. In this study I was involved in the C abundance determination.The fifth chapter presents the results obtained from the chemical analysis of samples of stars selected using the Pristine photometry. The first study presents the chemical analysis of a sample of metal-poor stars that may have been enriched by the explosion of pair instability supernovae. My contribution was to select promising candidates and observe them with the SOPHIE spectrographat Observatoire de le Haute Provence (OHP)in visitor mode. The second study presents the preliminary results obtained from the chemical analysis of a sample of Pristine extremely metal-poor candidates. My contribution in this study was to derive the stellar parameters and the chemical abundances. The paper is in preparation.The sixth chapter concludes the thesis and gathers final reflections and future projects
Brière, Élaine. "Étude des régions HII dans la galaxie spirale barrée NGC5430." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26862/26862.pdf.
Full textMaciejewski, Michal. "Structures de l'espace des phases des halos de matière noire." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066476.
Full textOJHA, DEVENDRA. "Etude de la structure galactique et des populations stellaires. Cinematique des populations stellaires de la galaxie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR13204.
Full textThomas, Romain. "Etude de l'âge des galaxies dans le sondage VUDS à 2." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4762.
Full textAge of galaxie is a crucial parameter in the framework of galaxy formation and evolution. This thesis is based on the study of this parameter in the framework of the VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey. This galaxy survey allows to study galaxies when the universe was young and to go back when it was few hundreads of million years old. During this PhD I could take part of the data processing and I was responsible of all the spectroscopic corrections. I also implemented and improved the GOSSIP software. This software is a template fitting program that allows the extraction of galaxy physical parameters. The use of this software allowed me to study the extinction of the Inter Galactic medium (IGM) as well as their ages. I could then study the epoch of galaxy formation and the evolution of the Hubble parameter
Gallo, Stefano. "On galaxy cluster modelling in the context of cosmological analyses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP075.
Full textGalaxy clusters are the most massive gravitationally bound objects in the Universe. They form from the highest peaks in the primordial density fields, and are located at the nodes of a complex filamentary network called the cosmic web. The number of clusters as a function of mass and redshift, known as cluster number counts, has emerged as a powerful probe to constrain the parameters of the cosmological model. Comparing cluster observation with theoretical predictions requires accurate modelling of the cluster population, which needs to account for the clusters' observable characteristics, as well as their physical relationships with hidden quantities like the total mass. The use of an inaccurate cluster model can result in biased constraints on the cosmological parameters. With the new generation of large cluster surveys, which will significantly reduce the statistical uncertainties of cosmological analyses with galaxy clusters, it becomes crucial to identify and reduce all possible sources of biases associated with inaccurate modelling. It is therefore important to improve our understanding of the physical processes impacting galaxy clusters, and to test the possible impacts of simplifying modelling assumptions on the cosmological analyses. In this Thesis, I approached these issues focusing on two aspects: the characterisation of the matter distribution in cluster environments, beyond the common spherical symmetry assumption; and the impact of assuming an inaccurate cluster model in the cluster detection process, and its influence on the cosmological analysis. Concerning the matter distribution in and around clusters, I performed three studies, focusing in particular on the gas component. First, I investigated statistically the azimuthal distribution of matter in a set of simulated clusters, quantifying the departure from spherical symmetry. I showed that the gas azimuthal features are strongly correlated with the dark matter ones and with the cluster's structural and physical properties, as well as the number of filaments connected to the cluster. Second, I conducted a case study on the detectability of filamentary structures in the outskirts of galaxy clusters using statistical methods, based on X-ray and galaxy observations of the cluster Abell 2744. I combined the results of two techniques: the aperture multipole decomposition and the T-Rex filament finder. For the first time in a blind analysis of X-rays alone, I identified three filamentary structures connected to the cluster. From the three-dimensional distribution of galaxies, I identified two additional filamentary structures along the line of sight, in the front and in the back of the cluster. Third, I trained a generative model to produce images of galaxy clusters with realistic morphologies avoiding the high computational costs of cosmological simulations. I showed that the images produced by this model exhibit anisotropic large-scale morphologies, offering improved realism over spherically symmetric analytic generated images. At small scales, the model-generated images appear smoother, more spherical and slightly less concentrated than training images, on average. This may prevent the use of model-generated images in place of high-resolution simulations, but they may be useful to improve realism in low-resolution applications.In the second approach, I studied the effect of the cluster model in the detection of galaxy clusters with the matched multi-filter method in the context of the Planck mission, studying the case in which the real cluster population differs from the model assumed in the detection template. I showed that the shape of the cluster profile has a strong impact on the completeness function, while the effect of non-spherical cluster morphologies is moderate, and that these impacts affect the cosmological constraints, potentially shifting them by up to ~1σ
Cseresnjes, Patrick. "Etoiles variables et microlentilles gravitationnelles : deux outils d'étude de la galaxie naine du Sagittaire et du Centre Galactique." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066411.
Full textMalhan, Khyati. "Stellar streams as probes of dark matter : search and dynamical analysis." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE027/document.
Full textTidal stellar streams are pristine star structures that play central role in addressing long standing mysteries of the Galactic archaeology. Since streams are orbital in nature, they inherently possess the characteristics of unravelling the underlying mass distribution of the galaxy, and can be used to probe the shape of the dark matter halo. Besides testing the ‘hierarchical merging’ scenario of galaxy formation, stream gaps can also provide indirect evidence for the existence of dark matter sub-halos (thereby, in principle, constraining the nature of the dark matter particle itself). Due to all these reasons, the dynamical analysis of stellar streams of the Milky Way Galaxy naturally becomes one of the interesting problems. However, the foremost challenge is to detect these structures. During the thesis, STREAMFINDER algorithm (a state of the art algorithm) was designed to systematically process the Gaia dataset (ESA’s novel astrophysical catalogue containing unprecedented astrometric solutions of over 1.6 billion stars) for the detection of the stellar streams of the Milky Way. This hefty endeavour led to the detection of 10 high confidence stream structures, of which 5 were reported as new discoveries.This harvest of structures also facilitated, for the first time, creation of a panoramic structural and kinematic map of the stellar streams of the Milky Way halo, taking our community a step further in unravelling the complex formation history of our Galaxy. This project was instantly followed by the orbital analysis of one of the detected streams (namely GD-1) to explore the improvements in the gravitational potential models of our Galaxy. The constraints on the Milky Way’s mass and that on the shape of its dark matter halo, that were obtained by simply employing this single stream, revealed the potential power the analysis of an ensemble of streams would hold in in probing the overall galactic mass distribtuion of our Galaxy. Thereby, the thesis paved way for new discoveries of the stellar substructures, also highlighting the future prospects in this field
Soubiran, Caroline. "Réduction et analyse d'un « survey » de mouvements propres : contribution à l'étude de la structure et la cinématique de la galaxie." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1992. https://hal.science/tel-02095464.
Full textHe have treated a set of photographic Schmidt plates, and obtained very accurate measurements of proper motion, magnitude and colour indices for a complete sample, including almost 5000 objects, on a 7 square degree field near the North Galactic Pole. This survey has been analysed for the study of the structure and the kinematics of the Galaxy. After describing the microdensitometer MAMA and some tests which allowed to evaluate its accuracy (0. 6 micron), we detail the reduction of the data, stressing on the methods used to obtain proper motions to better than 2 milliarcsecond per year. Our astrometric and photometric measurements are compared to other data of the same kind, and after estimating the distances for a part of the stellar sample, we deduce some kinematic properties of the disc, the thick disc and the halo of our Galaxy. Complementary observations are proposed to go further into the interpretation of this set of data
Noeske, Kai Gerhard. "Optical and near infrared studies of the photometric structure and starburst activity of blue compact dwarf galaxies." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969518021.
Full textPelliccia, Debora. "Kinematics of COSMOS star-forming galaxies over the last eight billion years." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4733.
Full textIn the local Universe it exists a tight relation between the galaxy morphology and other physical parameters, like the galaxy internal kinematics. At higher redshift it is not clear if this relation still exists. The galaxy kinematics is one of the best tool to study the physical processes that govern the galaxy formation, by tracing the galaxy internal distributions of luminous and dark matter and their evolution with time. This thesis presents the new survey HR-COSMOS aimed to obtain the first statistical and representative sample to study the kinematics of star-forming galaxies in the treasury HST/ACS COSMOS deep field at redshift 0
Vallejo, Olivier. "Etude approfondie de la galaxie spirale de type floculent NGC 4414. Dynamique, milieu interstellaire et formation d'étoiles." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002865.
Full textLes observations interférométriques CO ne nous donne pas seulement une courbe de rotation à haute résolution, elles peuvent permettre de mesurer des mouvements non circulaires, de "streaming", qui peuvent être dus à des bras spiraux, si ceux-ci sont persistants. Aucun signe de mouvement de "streaming" n'a été trouvé, puisque les mouvements non circulaires sont 5 à 10 fois plus faibles que dans la galaxie "grand design" M 51. L'émission de la raie de H2S(1-0) n'a pas été détectée, indiquant une absence de chocs violents. Nous avons mis en évidence une différence structurale majeure entre NGC 4414 et M 51 (et d'autres galaxies du même type) en dépit d'une luminosité, d'une masse de gaz et d'un taux de formation d'étoiles semblables. Le contraste bras-interbras est plus faible dans NGC 4414, comme attendu, mais celui-ci augmente fortement en fonction du rayon dans M 51, alors qu'il reste constant dans NGC 4414. J'aboutis à la conclusion qu'il n'y a pas de structure spirale persistante dans NGC 4414.
Faure, Carole. "Simulations des effets des bras spiraux sur la dynamique stellaire dans la Voie Lactée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE030/document.
Full textIn an equilibrium axisymmetric galactic disc, the mean galactocentric radial and vertical velocities are expected to be zero everywhere. Recent spectroscopic surveys have however shown that stars of the Milky Way disc exhibit non-zero mean velocities outside of the Galactic plane in both the radial and vertical velocity components. While radial velocity structures have already often been assumed to be linked with non-axisymmetric components of the potential, non-zero vertical velocity structures are usually rather attributed to excitations by external sources. We show that the stellar response to a spiral perturbation induces both a radial velocity flow and non-zero vertical motions. The resulting structure of the mean velocity field is qualitatively similar to the observations. Such a pattern also emerges from an analytic toy model based on linearized Euler equations. In conclusion, non-axisymmetric internal perturbations can also be the source of the observed mean velocity patterns
Rahal, Youcef Rabah. "Recherche de microlentilles gravitationnelles vers les bras spiraux de la Galaxie et spectroscopie de supernovae dans EROS II." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004301.
Full textDans la seconde partie, nous présentons l'analyse des données spectroscopiques, collectées durant une campagne internationale de recherche de supernovae Ia menée au printemps 1999, à laquelle EROS II a participé. Une vingtaine de supernovae Ia ont été découvertes puis suivies pendant cette campagne. Nous avons réduit les données spectroscopiques les concernant, qui consistent en une centaine de spectres au total. Nous avons developpé pour celà un programme original permettant de séparer le flux de la supernovae de celui de sa galaxie hôte. Nous avons ensuite procédé à une étude de stan dardisations sur un lot regroupant des objets de la campagne 1999 et des objets découverts antérieuement. L'étude sur ces 17 supernovae Ia a permis de confirmer l'interêt des spectres pour la standardis ation. Elle montre en particulier que la standardisation à partir de spectres est aussi efficace que celle basée sur le taux de décroissance des courbes de lumière.
Buote, David Augustin. "The structure of elliptical galaxies and galaxy clusters." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36556.
Full textKruk, Sandor J. "Evolution of barred galaxies and associated structures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:34cc9283-a386-464f-b9ae-1d4e3b4fdf77.
Full textLe, Coarer Etienne. "Application de l'interféromètre de Perot-Fabry à l'étude à grand champ de la galaxie et du Petit Nuage de Magellan. Développement d'un nouvel instrument : Pytheas." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725457.
Full textDelmotte, Nausicaa. "Identifications croisées multi-longueurs d'ondes : Application aux populations stellaires des nuages de Magellan et aux étoiles jeunes de notre galaxie." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004238.
Full textKelvin, Lee Steven. "The structure of galaxies : the division of stellar mass by morphological type and structural component." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3689.
Full textLee, Bomee, Mauro Giavalisco, Katherine Whitaker, Christina C. Williams, Henry C. Ferguson, Viviana Acquaviva, Anton M. Koekemoer, et al. "The Intrinsic Characteristics of Galaxies on the SFR–M ∗ Plane at 1.2 < z < 4: I. The Correlation between Stellar Age, Central Density, and Position Relative to the Main Sequence." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627039.
Full textDraper, Christian D. "Search for Dwarf Emission Line Galaxies in Galaxy Voids." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7604.
Full textCousin, Morgane. "Formation & Evolution des galaxies par l'approche semi-analytique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968765.
Full textPicaud, Sébastien. "Etude des regions centrales de la Voie Lactée en infrarouge proche." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004293.
Full textMaltby, David Terence. "The effect of the galaxy environment on the size and structure of galaxies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13059/.
Full textRoldán, Carlos Antonio Calcáneo. "The evolution of dark matter substructure." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4232/.
Full textMartin, Nicolas Ibata Rodrigo. "A la recherche de structures stellaires du disque galactique au halo de la galaxie d'Andromède." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2006. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/575/01/PhD_martin.pdf.
Full textWicker, Raphaël. "Baryons in galaxy clusters : astrophysical effects and cosmological constraints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP114.
Full textGalaxy clusters are the most massive gravitationally bound structures of the universe, and the history of their formation is a direct consequence of the evolution of the large scale structure of the universe. As a result, studying these objects allows to constrain cosmological parameters, which are at the core of the models describing the evolution of our universe. The use of galaxy clusters as cosmological probes relies on the observation of their matter content, and in particular their content in ordinary matter, or "baryons". Baryonic matter is mainly present under the form of stars in galaxies and of gas inside the intra-cluster medium. However, baryons in galaxy clusters are subject to astrophysical effects which will impact their properties. These effects need to be analysed in detail in order to obtain an in depth understanding of these objects and to properly constrain the conditions that dictated their formation, their assembly, and their current properties.I propose in this thesis a thorough analysis of baryons and of their effects in clusters, from galaxies to the gas, using observations in optical, X-ray, and millimeter wavelengths. A first part of my study is focused on galaxies and the analysis of their properties from optical spectroscopy, inside two triple-cluster systems discovered by the Planck satellite. I show that these two systems appear as triple only due to projection effects on the line of sight, and that they are actually constituted of isolated clusters lying at several hundreds of megaparsecs from each other, except for a cluster pair. I show in addition that inside the most distant cluster, several galaxies are still star-forming, contrary to the galaxies in lower redshift systems. This may be the sign of a transition between a regime of high star formation in high redshift systems and the low star formation regime which is observed in low redshift clusters.The remainder of my work is dedicated to the gas fraction in galaxy clusters, in particular to constrain the bias which appears following the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium when measuring cluster masses. This "hydrostatic bias", if poorly understood, is responsible for biased cosmological constraints from galaxy clusters. By using gas masses and total masses computed under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium in X-ray observations, I computed the gas fraction of 120 galaxy clusters, and constrained the value of the hydrostatic bias, as well as its evolution with mass and redshift. I show that the evolution of the bias is degenerate with cosmological parameters, leading to aberrant cosmological constraints when assuming the wrong evolution for the bias. I however show that these results are dependent on the considered sample, with trends of the bias changing depending on the mass and redshift selection of the sample. In any case, whatever the sample selection I find that my results are in agreement with a collection of other measurements of the bias using other methods, as well as with predictions from hydrodynamical simulations. These results are nevertheless in tension with the value of the bias preferred by the combination of cosmic microwave background observations with galaxy cluster number counts.Finally I combined gas fraction data of clusters with cluster number counts from millimeter wavelengths observations. This allowed me to study the constraints on cosmological parameters that this combination allowed, as well as the constraints on the hydrostatic bias. I show that adding gas fraction to cluster counts allows to break degeneracies that exist between the hydrostatic bias and cosmological parameters, without any prior on the bias.My work thus allowed to improve the understanding of the astrophysical properties of baryons in galaxy clusters. I notably highlighted some of the links and correlations between astrophysical effects and cluster cosmology, allowing for an accurate and robust description of these objects
Sridhar, Srivatsan. "Analyse statistique de la distribution des amas de galaxies à partir des grands relevés de la nouvelle génération." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4152/document.
Full textI aim to study to which accuracy it is actually possible to recover the real-space to-point correlation function from cluster catalogues based on photometric redshifts. I make use of cluster sub-samples selected from a light-cone simulated catalogue. Photometric redshifts are assigned to each cluster by randomly extracting from a Gaussian distribution having a dispersion varied in the range σ (z=0) = 0.005 à 0.050. The correlation function in real-space is computed through deprojection method. Four masse ranges and six redshifts slices covering the redshift range 0
Hamadache, Clarisse. "Recherche d'effets de microlentille gravitationnelle vers le centre galactique avec les données d'EROS-II." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008874.
Full textAlpaslan, Mehmet. "The cosmic web unravelled : a study of filamentary structure in the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4906.
Full textFlores, Herrera Mario Andres de Jesus. "Galaxy formation: from primordial fluctuations to structure formation in the Universe." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14761/.
Full textLegrand, Louis. "Large surveys : from galaxy evolution to cosmological probes." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP023.
Full textLarge galaxy surveys are like open windows on our Universe: they provide precious insights on its components and on its evolution. On the one hand, pencil surveys go deep into the cosmos to explore the formation and evolution of galaxies. On the other hand, wide surveys are mapping the distribution of matter on large scales to understand the nature of dark energy and dark matter.During my thesis, I explore the capabilities of these large surveys to address the following questions:1. What are the main drivers of galaxy evolution? 2. What improvements on our knowledge of the Universe will be brought by upcoming wide galaxy surveys? Using precise galaxy stellar-mass function measurements in the COSMOS field, I first determine the stellar-to-halo mass relation through a parametric abundance matching technique. Thanks to the completeness of the COSMOS survey from z ~ 0.2 to z ~ 5, I obtain for the first time this relation over such a large redshift range from a single coherent sample.I find that the ratio of stellar-to-halo mass content peaks at a characteristic halo mass which increases up to z = 2.3 and remains flat up to z = 4.This steady increase of the characteristic halo mass questions the role of cold gas inflows as drivers of galaxy formation at high redshift.To address this question, I link observations of the cold molecular gas content in galaxies up to z = 4 to the evolution of the dark matter halo mass. I find that the joint evolution of cold gas mass fraction and halo mass is in agreement with the hypothesis of cold gas inflows being responsible of efficient galaxy formation at high redshift.With the scope of maximising the cosmological power of next generation spectroscopic surveys, I show that a novel cosmological observable, the angular redshift fluctuations (ARF) will provide complementary cosmological information in addition to the standard angular galaxy clustering. Due to its distinct sensitivity to the peculiar velocity field, I find that the cosmological and galaxy bias parameters express different degeneracies when inferred from ARF or from angular galaxy clustering.As such, combining both observables breaks these degeneracies and greatly decreases the marginalised uncertainties, by a factor of at least two on most parameters in the ^CDM and wCDM models.As part of the Euclid collaboration, I then investigate the cosmological power of the upcoming Euclid survey, which will offer us an exquisite measurement of the matter distributions on the full extra-galactic sky.In order to fully exploit all the potential of the Euclid survey it is crucial to combine it with upcoming CMB surveys.I use the Fisher formalism to forecast the benefits of performing a joint analysis of CMB probes with Euclid main probes (weak lensing and galaxy clustering). I test both the standard cosmological model, ^CDM, and its extensions, and show that CMB will improve the constraints by a factor two on most cosmological parameters, and most notably on dark energy modified models which are of key interest for Euclid
Tamm, Antti. "Structure of distant disk galaxies /." Tartu : Tartu Univ. Press, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/517158086.pdf.
Full textTurnbull, Alexander James. "Fine structure in elliptical galaxies." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323441.
Full textKendall, Sarah Anne. "Spiral structure in nearby galaxies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611638.
Full textLima-Neto, Gastao Bierrenbach. "Formation de galaxies elliptiques et structure des amas de galaxies." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077317.
Full textDurkalec, Anna. "Properties and evolution of galaxy clustering at 2." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4758/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of the properties and evolution of galaxy clustering for galaxies in the redshift range 22. I was able to measure the spatial distribution of a general galaxy population at redshift z~3 for the first time with a high accuracy. I quantified the galaxy clustering by estimating and modelling the projected (real-space) two-point correlation function, for a general population of 3022 galaxies. I extended the clustering measurements to the luminosity and stellar mass-selected sub-samples. My results show that the clustering strength of the general galaxy population does not change significantly from redshift z~3.5 to z~2.5, but in both redshift ranges more luminous and more massive galaxies are more clustered than less luminous (massive) ones. Using the halo occupation distribution (HOD) formalism I measured an average host halo mass at redshift z~3 significantly lower than the observed average halo masses at low redshift. I concluded that the observed star-forming population of galaxies at z~3 might have evolved into the massive and bright (Mr<-21.5) galaxy population at redshift z=0. Also, I interpret clustering measurements in terms of a linear large-scale galaxy bias. I find it to be significantly higher than the bias of intermediate and low redshift galaxies. Finally, I computed the stellar-to-halo mass ratio (SHMR) and the integrated star formation efficiency (ISFE) to study the efficiency of star formation and stellar mass assembly. I find that the integrated star formation efficiency is quite high at ~16% for the average galaxies at z~3
Gil, Marín Héctor. "New techniques for the analysis of the large scale structure of the Universe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83609.
Full textLa cosmologia és la disciplina que estudia l’Univers com a conjunt. L’objectiu és indagar i entendre l’origen, l’evolució, l’estructura i el destí final del cosmos, així com les lleis que el regeixen. Actualment la cosmologia es fonamenta en la teoria del Big Bang, que engloba l’astronomia observacional i la física de partícules. A cosmologia, el terme d’estructura a gran escala es refereix a la caracterització de la distribució de matèria i radiació a escales típicament superiors a 10Mpc (desenes de milions d’anys llum). Les missions científiques de mapeig i cartografiat del cel han proporcionat informació essencial sobre el contingut i les propietats d’aquesta estructura. S’ha determinat que l’organització de l’Univers a aquestes escales segueix un model jeràrquic amb una organització superior de supercúmuls i filaments. A escales superiors no s’ha trobat evidència de cap estructura continuada. A aquest fenomen se’l coneix com el Final de la Grandesa. L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és l’estudi de l’estructura a gran escala de l’Univers des d’un punt de vista teòric. En particular els diferents capítols d’aquesta tesi se centren en desenvolupar eines estadístiques per millorar l’enteniment de la natura dels constituents de l’Univers. En el Capítol 1 es presenta una introducció als conceptes bàsics de la cosmologia actual amb èmfasi en l’estructura a gran escala de l’Univers. En el Capítol 2 es presenta una extensió al models d’halos clàssic on s’inclou una dependència dels halos amb l’entorn. Amb aquest tipus de models s’espera poder explicar millor com les galàxies es distribueixen al cosmos d’acord amb les seves propietats físiques. En el Capítol 3 es presenta un mètode per determinar paràmetres cosmològics tals com el factor de creixement. L’avantatge de la tècnica presentada aquí és que permet reduir l’efecte de la variància còsmica que domina quan estudiem les escales pròximes a la grandària de l’Univers observat. En el Capítol 4 s’utilitza la tècnica del bispectre per determinar com de diferent és la Relativitat General de les teories de gravetat modificada al nivell de la funció de correlació de tres punts. En el Capítol 5 presentem una fórmula analítica pel càlcul del bispectre de matèria fosca calibrada a partir de simulacions de N-cossos. Finalment en el Capítol 6 presentem les conclusions d’aquesta tesi i les perspectives futures. Esperem que els treballs i esforços realitzats, així com els resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesi sigui útils per futurs projectes científics. En particular, esperem que les tècniques que aquí es presenten combinades amb dades de missions científiques de cartografiat i mapeig de galàxies puguin ser útils per extreure informació rellevant sobre l’evolució i estructura del cosmos i que així puguin ajudar a desentrellar la natura i les propietats de la matèria i energia fosca.
Santiago, Bautista Iris del Carmen. "Étude des propriétés des galaxies dans les structures filamentaires." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30034.
Full textThe baryonic component of the Large Scale Structure (LSS) of the Universe is composed by concentrations of gas and galaxies forming groups, clusters, elongated filaments and widely spread sheets which probably underline the distribution of dark matter. Nevertheless, according to the current cosmological models, most of the baryonic material in the Universe has not yet been directly observed. Numerical simulations suggest that from one-half to two-thirds of all baryons may be located out of clusters of galaxies, pervading the structures between them. The most concentrated structures, which we call systems of galaxies (i.e., groups and clusters) usually contain high density hot gas (1 - 10 keV) that cools radiatively, emits at X-rays wavelengths and interacts with the cosmic microwave background at millimeter wavelengths (Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect, SZ). For the less dense structures, filaments and sheets, the baryons are probably in moderately hot gas phase (0.01 - 1 keV), commonly named as warm hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). In this PhD Thesis, we study the environmental effects associated to the different components of the LSS. For the galaxy systems, we aim to characterize the intra cluster medium (ICM) through the analysis of the S-Z effect. We employ the ACT and Planck data to analyze the gas pressure profiles of a sample of low mass galaxy clusters. For the least dense structures, we assembled a sample of filament candidates composed by chains of clusters that are located inside superclusters of galaxies. We aim to probe the filament structure skeletons and characterize their components (galaxies, groups/clusters and gas)
Naab, Thorsten. "Structure and dynamics of interacting galaxies." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961763744.
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