Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Galaxie : dynamique'
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Siebert, Arnaud. "Structure et dynamique des disques de la Galaxie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13036.
Full textChemin, Laurent. "Cinématique et dynamique de galaxies spirales." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066052.
Full textNieuwmunster, Niels. "Les systèmes les plus denses de l'Univers : le disque nucléaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5041.
Full textUnderstanding the formation and evolution of galaxies and in particular their galactic centres is one of the most intriguing questions in modern astrophysics. Many spiral galaxies like the Milky Way feature a nuclear stellar disc (NSD) in their centre. The Milky Way's NSD is, together with the nuclear star cluster and the central super massive black hole, one of the main inner components and best local laboratories available for studying galaxy evolution. Because of high extinction, crowding, and the superposition of multiple structures along the line of sight, studies of the inner regions of the Milky Way are however very challenging and very little has been done so far. Thanks to recent data, this thesis aims at unveiling the physical processes which led to the formation of the NSD and its links with the other components of the Milky Way. This manuscript is divided into three parts corresponding to the different methodologies used.For the first part, thanks to high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy, I carried out a chemical analysis of cool giant stars located in the inner Galactic bulge. I measured detailed abundances of the alpha-elements: silicon, magnesium and calcium, using recent and precise theoretical data such as an updated line list, broadening parameters and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium corrections. Based on the derived abundances, a tailored chemical evolution model for the inner Galactic bulge was constructed. I also used spectral analysis to measure the carbon isotopic ratio automatically in solar neighbourhood giant stars in order to establish a relation with asteroseismic stellar mass. This would allow to estimate stellar ages in distant regions such as the NSD.In the second part of this thesis, I studied the dynamics of stars observed in the Milky Way's NSD by doing an orbital analysis. I computed orbits in a non-axisymmetric gravitational potential accounting for the effects of the Galactic bar and derived their fundamental frequencies. This allowed me to identify the orbital resonances and then the different orbit families that may be present in the NSD.In addition to observations, simulations are of great interest to fully understand the physical processes that formed the inner regions of the Galaxy. In this final part, I used a N-body hydrodynamic simulation of an isolated Milky Way like galaxy in order to study the formation of its NSD. This simulation allowed to do a first comparison between observations and simulations in terms of chemistry and dynamics
SEGUIN, PATRICK. "Accretion d'un satellite par une galaxie elliptique massive : friction dynamique." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077187.
Full textLeca, Jérôme. "Cinématique et dynamique galactiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE003/document.
Full textDynamically self-consistent galactic models are necessary for analysing and interpreting star counts, stellar density distributions, and stellar kinematics in order to understand the formation and the evolution of our Galaxy. This thesis aims to modify and improve the dynamical self-consistency of the Besançon Galaxy model in the case of a stationary and axisymmetric gravitational potential. Each stellar orbit is modelled by determining a Stäckel approximate integral of motion. Generalised Shu distribution functions (DFs) with three integrals of motion are used to model the stellar distribution functions. This new version of the Besançon model is compared with the previous axisymmetric BGM2014 version and we find that the two versions have similar densities for each stellar component. The dynamically self-consistency is improved and can be tested by recovering the forces and the potential through the Jeans equations applied to each stellar distribution function. Forces are recovered with an accuracy better than 1 % over most of the volume of the Galaxy
Brière, Élaine. "Étude des régions HII dans la galaxie spirale barrée NGC5430." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26862/26862.pdf.
Full textVallejo, Olivier. "Etude approfondie de la galaxie spirale de type floculent NGC 4414. Dynamique, milieu interstellaire et formation d'étoiles." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002865.
Full textLes observations interférométriques CO ne nous donne pas seulement une courbe de rotation à haute résolution, elles peuvent permettre de mesurer des mouvements non circulaires, de "streaming", qui peuvent être dus à des bras spiraux, si ceux-ci sont persistants. Aucun signe de mouvement de "streaming" n'a été trouvé, puisque les mouvements non circulaires sont 5 à 10 fois plus faibles que dans la galaxie "grand design" M 51. L'émission de la raie de H2S(1-0) n'a pas été détectée, indiquant une absence de chocs violents. Nous avons mis en évidence une différence structurale majeure entre NGC 4414 et M 51 (et d'autres galaxies du même type) en dépit d'une luminosité, d'une masse de gaz et d'un taux de formation d'étoiles semblables. Le contraste bras-interbras est plus faible dans NGC 4414, comme attendu, mais celui-ci augmente fortement en fonction du rayon dans M 51, alors qu'il reste constant dans NGC 4414. J'aboutis à la conclusion qu'il n'y a pas de structure spirale persistante dans NGC 4414.
Vallejo, Olivier. "Étude approfondie de la galaxie spirale de type floculent NGC 4414 : dynamique, milieu interstellaire et formation d'étoiles." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12660.
Full textCuisinier, François. "Contribution a l'etude chimique et dynamique de la galaxie par des objets ages : etoiles naines et nebuleuses planetaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR13187.
Full textFaure, Carole. "Simulations des effets des bras spiraux sur la dynamique stellaire dans la Voie Lactée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE030/document.
Full textIn an equilibrium axisymmetric galactic disc, the mean galactocentric radial and vertical velocities are expected to be zero everywhere. Recent spectroscopic surveys have however shown that stars of the Milky Way disc exhibit non-zero mean velocities outside of the Galactic plane in both the radial and vertical velocity components. While radial velocity structures have already often been assumed to be linked with non-axisymmetric components of the potential, non-zero vertical velocity structures are usually rather attributed to excitations by external sources. We show that the stellar response to a spiral perturbation induces both a radial velocity flow and non-zero vertical motions. The resulting structure of the mean velocity field is qualitatively similar to the observations. Such a pattern also emerges from an analytic toy model based on linearized Euler equations. In conclusion, non-axisymmetric internal perturbations can also be the source of the observed mean velocity patterns
Thomas, Guillaume. "Tests de la matière noire et de gravitations alternatives avec les courants de marée stellaires de la Voie Lactée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE030.
Full textDuring this thesis, we explored the impact of a modification of the gravitation on the tidal streams. We made the first N-body simulations of the formation of a galactic tidal stream in the MOND paradigm. We compared the results obtained with the predictions of the standard model of the cosmology, ΛCMD, with the aim of finding differences between them that can be observed. We have noticed that the break of the strong equivalence principle generated by a such modification of the gravitation led to a lopsided morphology of the globular clusters, contrary to their elliptical shape in Newtonian dynamics. This morphology of the cluster also generates an asymmetry of length and of number between the two arms of a tidal stream similar to that observed recently in the Palomar 5 stream
Renaud, Florent. "Dynamics of the Tidal Fields and Formation of Star Clusters in Galaxy Mergers." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508301.
Full textVeltz, Lionel. "Formation du disque de la Voie Lactée." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00222104.
Full textSYGNET, J.-FRANCOIS. "Dynamique des galaxies spirales." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077118.
Full textEpinat, Benoit. "Des Galaxies Proches Aux Galaxies Lointaines: Etudes Cinématique et Dynamique." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413769.
Full textEpinat, Benoît. "Des galaxies proches aux galaxies lointaines : études cinématique et dynamique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413769v3.
Full textKinematical studies of low and high redshift galaxies enables to probe galaxy formation and evolution scenarios. Integral field spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study with accuracy nearby galaxies kinematics. Recent observations also gives a new 2D vision of high redshift galaxies kinematics. This work mostly relies on the kinematical sample of galaxies GHASP. This control sample, composed of 203 local spiral and irregular galaxies in low density environments observed with Fabry-Perot techniques in the Ha line (6563 Å), is by now the largest sample of Fabry-Perot data. After a revue on Fabry-Perot interferometry and a presentation of new data reduction procedures, my implications on both 3D-NTT Fabry-Perot instrument and the wide field spectrograph project (WFSpec) for galaxy evolution study with the european ELT are developed. The second section is dedicated to GHASP data. This sample have been fully reduced and analysed using new methods. The kinematical analysis of 2D kinematical maps has been undertaken with the study of the dark matter distribution, the rotation curves shape, bar signatures and the ionized gas velocity dispersion. In a third section, this local reference sample is used as a zero point for high redshift galaxies kinematical studies. The GHASP sample is projected at high redshift (z = 1. 7) in order to disentangle evolution effects from distance biases in high redshift galaxies kinematical data observed with SINFONI, OSIRIS and GIRAFFE. The kinematical analysis of new SINFONI high redshift observations is also presented and high redshift data found in the literature are compared with GHASP projected sample, suggesting some evolution of the galaxy dynamical support within the ages
Hernandez, Olivier. "Cinématique et dynamique des galaxies spirales barrées." Thèse, Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17336.
Full textPrugniel, Philippe. "Galaxies en interaction et evolution dynamique des galaxies elliptiques de faible masse." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30044.
Full textTiret, Olivier. "Dynamique des galaxies : gravité newtonienne & gravité modifiée." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335993.
Full textCette expression de la gravitation est non-linéaire et impose une méthode différente de celle utilisée dans les systèmes avec matière noire. J'ai écrit un code permettant la résolution des deux modèles de gravité, ce qui a permis de les comparer. J'ai testé ainsi l'évolution de galaxies spirales isolées puis en interaction. Ces simulations modélisent aussi la dissipation du gaz froid et la formation d'étoiles. Celles-ci ont montré que les galaxies sont moins stables en gravitation modifiée qu'en gravitation newtonienne, elles forment des barres plus rapidement. Ces simulations ont aussi révélé des différences importantes sur les transferts de moment angulaire lors des formations des barres et sur les effets de friction dynamique qui ralentissent les barres. Ce travail a permis de réaliser, pour la première fois en gravité modifiée, des simulations de galaxies en interaction du type des Antennes. Là encore, les effets de friction dynamique ont un rôle majeur sur la durée du temps de fusion, plus long en gravitation modifiée. Ceci ouvre des horizons vers des simulations cosmologiques qui pourraient valoriser un modèle en analysant la formation hiérarchique des structures à partir des fluctuations de densité primordiales. Par ailleurs, la modélisation de la cinématique des galaxies (naines, spirales et elliptiques) est aussi approfondie. En particulier, l'analyse des courbes de rotation des galaxies spirales montre que celles-ci peuvent contenir un composant de gaz moléculaire froid deux fois plus massif que le composant atomique.
Gerin, Maryvonne. "Nuages moleculaires et dynamique des galaxies en interaction." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077226.
Full textGerin, Maryvonne. "Nuages moléculaires et dynamique des galaxies en interaction." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617878d.
Full textMagni, Stefano. "Astrophysical aspects of dark matter direct detection." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS137/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the astrophysical aspects of the direct detection of WIMP dark matter (DMDD). In particular, it focuses on the observational constraints on the astrophysical quantities relevant for DMDD, which impact on the interpretation of the experimental results.We review the formalism of DMDD and we summarize some of the main experimental results in this domain and the statistical methods usually employed to interpret the data, reproducing the associated constraints on the parameter space relevant for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interaction. We summarize the set of astrophysical assumptions usually employed, the Standard Halo Model, and we point out the impact of variations in its parameters on such limits.We outline the main concepts of the dynamics of our galaxy that allow to put the astrophysics related to DMDD in a wider framework. In particular, we review the description of the Galaxy through Milky Way mass models (MWMM), pointing out how the astrophysical quantities are related. We describe some procedures to obtain dark matter phase-space distributions consistent with given dark matter profile and Galactic potential, the simplest being Eddington equation, of which we discuss the limits of applicability. We review in detail the recent literature on the main determinations and uncertainties of the astrophysical quantities relevant for DMDD and of the fundamental Galactic parameters.In the most original part of this thesis we focus on the recent estimates of the local Galactic escape speed published by the RAVE collaboration. We study in detail the implications of these results for the spin-independent interpretation of DMDD experiments. We take into account the correlations between the astrophysical quantities relevant for DMDD calculations, and from the assumed MWMM we compute the dark matter phase-space distribution using Eddington equation, which provides a self-consistent physical connection between the two. This procedure leads to more constraining exclusion curves with respect to the standard ones, due to higher values of the local dark matter density
Copin, Yannick. "Dynamique des galaxies de type précoce:observations 3D et modélisations." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001338.
Full textDans un premier temps, je présente le projet international SAURON, visant à observer un échantillon de ~80 galaxies de type précoce à l'aide d'un spectrographe intégral grand champ dédié. Je décris en particulier le processus spécifique de réduction des cubes de données issues de ce type d'instrument, ainsi que les méthodes mises en oeuvre pour extraire la distribution des vitesses le long de la ligne de vue.
Plusieurs exemples d'apport de la SIC à l'étude de la dynamique des galaxies sont alors présentés. à haute résolution spatiale (0''5), l'observation du noyau double de M31 avec OASIS révèle toute sa complexité morphologique et cinématique. à plus grande échelle (30 x 40 arcsec2), les premiers résultats SAURON permettent d'appliquer une nouvelle caractérisation possible de la cinématique des galaxies à partir de l'étude de leur champ de vitesses bidimensionnel. Enfin, je présente des éléments de modélisation dynamique de Schwarzschild de la galaxie NGC 3377, basée sur les observations totalement complémentaires OASIS et SAURON.
La dernière partie de cette thèse concerne l'orbite, élément clé de la dynamique galactique, dont la détermination précise des propriétés dynamiques reste l'une des principales pierres d'achoppement dans l'application de la méthode de Schwarzschild. Pour remédier à cette faiblesse, nous avons développé un outil d'analyse des orbites régulières, passant par la reconstruction semi-analytique du tore orbital à l'aide des concepts de la dynamique spectrale.
Boone, Frédéric. "Configurations des interféromètres : dynamique des noyaux actifs de galaxies." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066046.
Full textWozniak, Hervé. "Morphologie et dynamique des galaxies barres de type precoce." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077270.
Full textEmsellem, Eric. "Dynamique stellaire des noyaux de galaxies : observations et modelisation." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077028.
Full textGuennou, Loic. "Les amas DAFT/FADAS : Evolution et cosmologie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4762/document.
Full textI present in this thesis the results obtained from the American French collaboration called the Dark energy American French Team/French American DArk energy Team (DAFT/FADA). The goal of the DAFT/FADA collaboration is to carry out a weak lensing tomography survey of z = 0.4-0.9 rich clusters of galaxies. Unlike supernovae or other methods such as cluster of galaxy counts, weak lensing tomography is purely based on geometry and does not depend on knowledge of the physics of the objects used as distance indicators. In addition, the reason for analyzing observations in the direction of clusters is that the shear signal is enhanced by about 10 over the feld. Our work will contain results obtained on 91 rich clusters from the HST archive combined with ground based work to obtain photo-zs. This combination of photo-z and weak lensing tomography will enable us to constrain the equation of state of dark energy, and the cluster properties evolution with redshift. In this framework, during my PhD, I studied the behaviour and the comnents of the DAFT/FADAS clusters themselves. More precisely, I studied the difuse light contained within 10 clusters of the syrvey as well as their dynamical behaviour on a range of redshifts between z=0.4 and 0.8. indeed, The galaxy clusters themselves are still an important feld of study nowadays, mainly due to the fact they are the largest, at least partially virialized, structures we can observe, allowing us to better understand the history and evolution of our Universe. I present here the latest results obtained so far in my work on the DAFT/FADAS survey
Ninin, Stéphane. "Influence de la dynamique gravitationnelle sur la formation des galaxies." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112400.
Full textOur Universe seems to be made essentially by dark matter, whose gravitational effects are very important, in many astrophysical and cosmological processes. In this Universe, with cosmological parameters known with a still low accuracy, the main mechanisms governing galaxy formation are still not very well known: gas falls inside dark matter potential wells, cools, forms stars that then evolve, heat the interstellar medium, eject gaz and heavy elements. This complex succesion of physicals phenomens, is usually studied by what is called "semi-analytical methods", that modelize them in a simple way. As for dark matter, it is analytically studied in "linear" or "weakly nonlinear" regims, or with numerical simulations. In this thesis, we combine those two differents complementary aspects: N-body simulations and semi-analytical methods. With the use of a N-body code called "tree-code", written and optimized for massively parallels architectures, as Cray T3E for example, we simulated dark matter evolution in several cosmological models. We have first studied dark matter statistical and dynamical properties (mass distribution, merging, fragmentation, etc. . ) and compared our results with theoretical models, for example to the " Press & Schechter" formalism. In hierarchical models of structure formation that we studied, less massive objects form earlier, and then merge in more and more massive ones. Those dark matter halos merging processes can be represented by a tree, that we called "meging tree of the dark matter halos". We coupled this representation of dark matter to semi-analytical methods, to modelize, in this tree, gaz evolution and galaxy formation; and get very encouraging first results while comparing them to observations
Copin, Yannick. "Dynamique des galaxies de type precoce : observations 3d & modelisations." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENSL0149.
Full textBergond, Gilles. "Amas stellaires galactiques et extragalactiques : effets dynamiques de la galaxie hôte." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2002. https://hal.science/tel-02071403.
Full textThe subject of the thesis is the structure and dynamics of open and globular clusters in the Galaxy, as well as extragalactic star cluster systems. The aim is to better understand the processes controlling the evolution of stellar clusters, in particular when one takes into account tidal effects which disturb the spatial structure of individual star clusters and the overall distribution of the objects around their host galaxy. For resolved clusters, the detection of tidal tails requires multi-band, wide-field observations. Nearby open clusters were studied on digitized Schmidt plates. Once selected the probable cluster members in the colour-magnitude diagrams, a wavelet transform was used to reveal the shape of the clusters. The tidal extensions detected have been compared to the results of numerical simulations (Bulge attraction and Disk shocking). For the study of more distant objects, deeper images obtained from large format CCDs were needed. They allowed us to discover tidal tails around several binary but also isolated star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Finally, we have started to extend this work to the study of star cluster systems beyond the Local Group. In particular, we observed the Fornax cluster of galaxies and the compact group HCG 90 in order to detect wanderer globular clusters, ejected into the intergalactic space by strong dynamical phenomena occurring between galaxies. These new observations will be compared to numerical simulations of star cluster systems within groups of galaxies. This will bring interesting clues on the formation and evolution galaxies, as well as give new insights in the origin of various stellar populations
Bournaud, Frédéric. "Evolution des galaxies : interactions, fusions, et accrétion de gaz." Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00079377.
Full textDurier, Fabrice. "Formation et évolution des galaxies : propriétés photométriques, dynamiques et chimiques." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4035.
Full textIn this thesis, we report the results of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations that describe accurately both feedback mecanisms and the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium. The joint action of the feedback from supernovae (both type II and type Ia) and central black holes controls the conversion of gas into stars and the accretion process responsible for the growth of central black holes. An adequate choice of the efficiency of these feedback mecanisms allows us to reproduce the bimodality observed in the colour distribution of galaxies. In this context, we show that red galaxies satisfy the Faber-Jackson relation whilst blue galaxies reproduce the Tully-Fisher relation quite well. Furthermore, in agreement with observations, massive galaxies have older and more metal-rich stellar populations than the ones of less massive objects. Such an « anti-hierarchical » behaviour is simply a consequence of the complex effects introduced by the feedback sources. Finally, despite the use of a cosmic star formation law to constrain the star formation rate, simulated galaxies present histories of mass assembly that follow observational expectations : red objects show an early and strong star formation activity whilst blue ones display periods of intense activity over larger time scales
Jourdeuil, Emilie. "N-corps évolutif pour la modélisation photométrique et dynamique des galaxies de type précoce." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00400642.
Full textBelles, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Formation d’étoiles et d’amas stellaires dans les collisions de galaxies." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112312/document.
Full textMergers are known to be essential in the formation of large-scale structures and to have a significant role in the history of galaxy formation and evolution. Besides a morphological transformation, mergers induce important bursts of star formation. These starburst are characterised by high Star Formation Efficiencies (SFEs) and Specific Star Formation Rates, i.e., high Star Formation Rates (SFR) per unit of gas mass and high SFR per unit of stellar mass, respectively, compared to spiral galaxies. At all redshifts, starburst galaxies are outliers of the sequence of star-forming galaxies defined by spiral galaxies. We have investigated the origin of the starburst-mode of star formation, in three local interacting systems: Arp 245, Arp 105 and NGC 7252. We combined high-resolution JVLA observations of the 21-cm line, tracing the HI diffuse gas, with UV GALEX observations, tracing the young star-forming regions. We probe the local physical conditions of the Inter-Stellar Medium (ISM) for independent star-forming regions and explore the atomic-to-dense gas transformation in different environments. The SFR/HI ratio is found to be much higher in central regions, compared to outer regions, showing a higher dense gas fraction (or lower HI gas fraction) in these regions. In the outer regions of the systems, i.e., the tidal tails, where the gas phase is mostly atomic, we find SFR/HI ratios higher than in standard HI-dominated environments, i.e., outer discs of spiral galaxies and dwarf galaxies. Thus, our analysis reveals that the outer regions of mergers are characterised by high SFEs, compared to the standard mode of star formation. The observation of high dense gas fractions in interacting systems is consistent with the predictions of numerical simulations; it results from the increase of the gas turbulence during a merger. The merger is likely to affect the star-forming properties of the system at all spatial scales, from large scales, with a globally enhanced turbulence, to small scales, with possible modifications of the initial mass function. From a high-resolution numerical simulation of the major merger of two spiral galaxies, we analyse the effects of the galaxy interaction on the star forming properties of the ISM at the scale of star clusters. The increase of the gas turbulence is likely able to explain the formation of Super Star Clusters in the system. Our investigation of the SFR-HI relation in galaxy mergers will be complemented by high-resolution HI data for additional systems, and pushed to yet smaller spatial scales
Fouchard, Marc. "Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique des comètes." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4090.
Full textCometary dynamics is a complex subject, characterized by various regimes of motion. In order to model cometary dynamics in a proper way, it is important to identify clearly these different regimes. This is why a fast Lyapunov indicator in the frame of gravitational continuous dynamical systems was first developed. The conditions under which a well known, published Monte Carlo method can be applied to the dynamics of Jupiter family comets were then studied. Although a number of improvements were introduced in the model, it turned out that the dynamics of Jupiter family comets is not amenable to Monte Carlo modelling du to the presence of many mean motion resonances with Jupiter. In this thesis a model which is able to reproduce effects of the galactic tide on the Oort cloud comet using a mapping is developed. This mapping correctly reproduces the dynamics of comets with semi-major axis ≤ 30000 AU, and is 500 times faster than the use of direct numerical integrations
Reynaud, Denis. "Dynamique du gaz interstellaire dans les galaxies spirales barrées : une étude en interférométrie millimétrique de NGC 1530." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10044.
Full textPoirier, Sébastien. "Etude de l'évolution chimique et dynamique d'objets proto-galactiques : Application à l'évolution des galaxies spirales." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13003.
Full textThis thesis investigates the evolution of galaxies. To understand the evolutionary nature of spiral galaxies, we investigate the relations between the chemistry and the dynamics. We have implemented a numerical code coupling chemistry and dynamics in a way fully self-gravitational, self-consistent and tridimensional, and including the Iron, Oxygen and Magnesium chemical enrichment, due to the supernovae of type Ia and type II. To investigate the question of the intrinsic evolution of a galaxy, we consider a set of proto-galactic objects leading by monolithic collapse to a galactic disc. The morphological, kinematical and chemical characterization of these objects show the validity of such an approach. These galaxies develop a spiral structure due to the density wave led by the presence of a bar possessing a weak box/peanut structure. We do not detect the growth of a bulge during the course of our simulations. We show that these galaxies contain abundance gradients and a unique stellar population. We conclude that external influences are important in the formation of the different stellar populations of a galaxy. Furthermore, we are involved in the photometry and the spectroscopy of distant galaxy clusters of the EDisCS project. We have had key responsibility for the production of the spectroscopic masks for the instrument VLT-FORS2 by the implementation of a program to automatically select galaxies to be observed. We have in addition developed a program to perform a two-dimensional decomposition of the galaxy luminosity profile
Fleck, Jean-Julien Boily Christian M. "Approche numérique de la dynamique et de l'évolution stellaires appliquées à la fusion galactique." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/792/01/Fleck2007.pdf.
Full textCarcaud, Pierre. "Étude de quelques modèles cinétiques décrivant le phénomène d'évaporation en gravitation." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018326.
Full textRoussel, Helene. "Emission en infrarouge moyen des poussières dans les galaxies spirales : liens avec la formation d'étoiles et avec la dynamique des galaxies barrées." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122948.
Full textLa validité de l'émission en infrarouge moyen en tant que traceur de la formation d'étoiles a d'abord été examinée dans les disques, où une seule phase de poussière domine (les porteurs des bandes aromatiques), puis cette étude a été étendue aux régions
circumnucléaires, plus denses et actives, ainsi qu'à des galaxies à flambée de formation d'étoiles, où un continuum thermique se superpose aux bandes aromatiques. La réponse de la poussière à la formation d'étoiles a été explorée sur cinq ordres de grandeur.
Par ailleurs, les propriétés des galaxies fortement barrées ont été comparées à celles des galaxies faiblement ou non barrées, et interprétées dans le cadre des modèles hydrodynamiques, qui prévoient qu'un potentiel gravitationnel barré peut induire des écoulements de gaz massifs vers les régions centrales, avec des conséquences indirectes sur l'activité stellaire et l'évolution morphologique des galaxies isolées. Au cours de cette étude, quelques paramètres régulant les variations des couleurs en infrarouge moyen ont été mis en relief.
Roussel, Hélène. "Emission en infrarouge moyen des poussieres dans les galaxies spirales : liens avec la formation d'etoiles et avec la dynamique des galaxies barrees." Strasbourg 1, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122948.
Full textFragkoudi, Frantzeska. "Modelling peanuts in barred galaxies : gas flows and constraints on the dark matter content." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4747/document.
Full textBy exploring the dynamics of galaxies we obtain a wealth of information regarding their various mass components, their formation and evolution. In this thesis I make extensive use of dynamical models obtained directly from images of observed galaxies. I therefore start by improving these models by including the geometry of boxy/peanut (B/P) bulges, and quantifying their effects on the models. B/P bulges have a significant effect on the potential, forces, orbital structure and bar strength of the models, and as such should be included in order to make them as accurate as possible. I then employ dynamical models with and without B/P bulges to determine their effect on gas inflow to the central regions. I show that in the presence of B/P bulges the bar strength is reduced, as is the amount of gas inflow, leading to smaller mass concentrations in the centres of galaxies. Furthermore, I employ dynamical models to carry out a detailed study of the nearby galaxy NGC 1291. I use the non-axisymmetric nature of the bar, which induces shocks in the gas - thus creating dust lanes along the leading edges of the bar - to put constraints on the mass-to-light ratio of the disc. The results argue strongly that NGC 1291 has a maximal disc, i.e. that in the central regions, baryonic matter dominates over the dark matter. Furthermore I place limits on the pattern speed of the bar, showing that the bar rotates fast. I thus demonstrate that the dynamical method used can provide constraints on the dark matter distribution of observed galaxies, and therefore also on current models of galaxy formation and evolution
Vollmer, Bernd. "Dynamique des galaxies spirales d'amas et du centre galactique : comparaison entre observations et simulations." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077233.
Full textAubert, Dominique. "Mesure et implications dynamiques des flux de matière noire à la surface du viriel des halos de galaxies." Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110561.
Full textVeltz, Lionel Bienaymé Olivier Freeman Ken. "Formation du disque de la Voie Lactée." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/871/01/VELTZ_Lionel_2007.pdf.
Full textEscalera, Eric. "Etude dynamique et structurale des amas de galaxies : une utilisation de la Transformée en Ondelettes." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30258.
Full textMagnard, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés dynamiques et spectrales des amas de galaxies en X." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066237.
Full textPeirani, Sébastien. "Aspects dynamiques et physiques de la matière noire." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4101.
Full textThis work aims to study the dynamics of dark matter halos as well as the possibility of detection of gamma-rays resulting from the annihilation of neutralinos, supposed to be the constituent of dark matter (DM). In a first step, numerical simulations have been performed in the context of the Lambda-CDM cosmology and we have studied the effects of merger/accretion on the angular momentum evolution of halos and their dynamical relaxation. Our results indicate that halos acquire angular momentum essentially by the transfer of orbital angular momentum to spin during merger/accretion events rather than by tital torques. In a second step, we have studied the effects of the inclusion of a cosmological constant term in the spherical Tolman-Lemaître collapse model and re-derived masses for some nearby groups of galaxies, in particular the Local Group and Virgo. Our procedure yields a new evaluation of the Hubble constant in quite agreement with recent determination by other methods. Finally, we have predicted gamma-rays fluxes from different sources as M31, M87, Draco and Sagittarius and their detectability by the forthcoming GLAST satellite. The analysis of detection or not at different energy thresholds allows to constraint the neutralino mass and the spatial distribution of DM in those objects
Aubert, Dominique. "Mesure et implications dynamiques des flux dematière noire à la surface du viriel des halos de galaxies." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110561.
Full textCet objectif nécessite à la fois une description correcte des processus dynamiques internes et une bonne connaissance des propriétés des environnements dans lesquels baignent les halos. Afin de répondre à cette double exigence, le cadre propose ici repose sur une approche hybride où les processus internes sont abordés via les outils analytiques de la dynamique galactique, tandis que les caractéristiques des interactions sont extraites de simulations à grande échelle. Les échanges (accrétion et champ de marée) entre les halos et le milieu extérieur sont décrits en termes de flux de matière au travers de la sphère de viriel et de potentiel projetés. La description des interactions se ramène à la caractérisation statistique d'une condition limite. Cette vision “halocentrique” permet en outre de conserver l'information angulaire et cinématique nécessaire au calcul de la réponse dynamique des halos.
La dynamique est abordée dans le régime des faibles interactions via une description perturbative non linéaire de la réponse d'un système non collisionnel ouvert. Compte tenus des temps dynamiques courts opérant au sein des halos, l'influence des faibles perturbations se manifeste via des processus résonnants, correctement décrits par un formalisme en angle-actions. Cette théorie doit permettre de décrire des phénomènes tels que la friction dynamique ou l'effeuillage par effet de marée. A partir d'une extension de la “méthode matricielle” décrivant la dynamique dans l'espace des angles-actions, il est démontré comment cette technique analytique exprime directement les caractéristiques statistiques de la réponse des halos en fonction des propriétés de leur environnement. Cette “propagation statistique” ne fait pas appel aux réalisations individuelles de systèmes en interaction, mais nécessite une connaissance complète des propriétés de l'accrétion et du champ de marée, ainsi que leurs interdépendances statistiques. L'évolution séculaire du halo dans le régime des interactions récurrentes est également décrite dans un formalisme quasi-linéaire. L'évolution de la fonction de distribution du halo y est décrite comme une diffusion au long cours des orbites du système, induite par la présence de perturbations externes.
Les propriétés de l'accrétion et du champ de marée sont extraites d'un ensemble de simulations cosmologiques permettant de réduire les effets de variance cosmique. Cette mesure permet une description quantitative des interactions et représentative de la diversité des cas de figure. Ces études sur simulations sont limitées au régime de faibles interactions pour des redshifts inférieurs à 1. La distribution du flux de masse au rayon de viriel a permis de contraindre quantitativement le degré d'anisotropie de l'accrétion de matière par les halos. Cette mesure en termes de flux est complétée par une étude détaillée de la distribution des satellites qui confirme un excès d'accrétion équatoriale de l'ordre de 15 pour cents et qui est interprétée en termes de flux filamentaire. Les propriétés de l'accrétion et du potentiel sont abordées de façon plus exhaustive via une description adaptée à la propagation statistique. Les propriétés cinématiques de la matière passant au travers du rayon de viriel mettent en évidence le caractère distinct de la matière nouvellement accrétée de celle ayant déjà interagit avec le halo. Cette différence se manifeste dans la trajectoire des flux de masse impliqués ou dans leurs vitesses caractéristiques. Les mesures de corrélations angulo-temporelles du potentiel au rayon de viriel indiquent un champ de marée stationnaire et hautement quadripolaire, traitant la distribution de matière dans les régions périphériques du halo. Les mêmes corrélations sont mesurées pour le flux de masse, montrant en particulier l'invariance au cours du temps du spectre de puissance de la matière noire au rayon de viriel. Une courte étude sur la distribution des métaux liés aux sous-structures illustre comment les études observationnelles peuvent fournir des contraintes statistiques sur la distribution de matière au sein des halos.
De façon générale, l'établissement d'un lien entre propriétés statistiques de l'environnement et distribution des réponses dynamiques des halos permet d'envisager un large champ d'applications. D'une part, la connaissance des flux doit permettre de prédire les propriétés statistiques de la répartition de la matière noire au sein des halos. À l'inverse, les traceurs observationnels de la distribution de matière (émission X, effet SZ, lentilles gravitationnelles, systèmes absorbants) fournissent des contraintes sur les propriétés réelles des flux, ainsi que sur les modèles sous-jacents de halos (profil de masse par exemple) et sur les biais associés aux traceurs utilisés (rapports M/L par exemple). Enfin, une validation à terme de la propagation statistique permet d'entrevoir la mise en place de l'inversion dynamique qui permet de remonter à l'histoire d'interaction d'un halo à partir de son état actuel.
Boldrini, Pierre. "The cusp-core problem in dwarf galaxies : new solutions." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS082.
Full textThis doctoral research focuses on the nature of the dark matter (DM) and more particularly on the inconsistency of inner DM density profiles in dwarf galaxies, the cusp-core problem. We have found new resolutions of this cold DM challenge at small scales using high resolution fully GPU N-body simulations. First, we have re-investigated the Fornax cusp-core problem using observational results on the spatial and mass distributions of globular clusters in order to put constraints on the DM profile. Then, N-body simulations were designed to demonstrate that DM minihalos, as a new component of globular clusters, resolve both the timing and cusp-core problems in Fornax if the globular clusters were recently accreted. Secondly, we have examined whether DM candidates in the form of PBHs can solve the cusp-core problem in low-mass galaxies. This mechanism works for PBHs in the 25-100 Msol mass window but requires a lower limit on the PBH mass fraction of 1% of the total dwarf galaxy DM content. Then, we have demonstrated that subhalos sink and transfer energy via dynamical friction into the centres of dwarf galaxies. This dynamical heating kicks any central intermediate massive BH out to tens of parsecs. Finally, we demonstrate that accretion of a satellite on a highly eccentric orbit causes the formation a DM core and naturally explains a present BH offset by sub-parsecs in M31