Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gait parameter

Academic literature on the topic 'Gait parameter'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gait parameter"

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Law, YC, AFT Mak, WN Wong, and M. Zhang. "THE VARIATION OF DYNAMIC FOOT PRESSURE WITH GAIT PARAMETER.(Gait & Motion Analysis)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.115.

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Lindsey, Bryndan, Oladipo Eddo, Matthew Prebble, Shane V. Caswell, Ana M. Azevedo, and Nelson Cortes. "Single-Parameter Gait Modifications Cause Involuntary Secondary Gait Changes." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 51, Supplement (June 2019): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000562594.73889.9d.

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Gong, Zewu, Yunwei Zhang, Dongfeng Lu, and Tiannan Wu. "Vision-Based Quadruped Pose Estimation and Gait Parameter Extraction Method." Electronics 11, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 3702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223702.

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In the study of animal behavior, the prevention of sickness, and the gait planning of legged robots, pose estimation, and gait parameter extraction of quadrupeds are of tremendous importance. However, there are several varieties of quadrupeds, and distinct species frequently have radically diverse body types, limb configurations, and gaits. Currently, it is challenging to forecast animal pose estimation with any degree of accuracy. This research developed a quadruped animal pose estimation and gait parameter extraction method to address this problem. A computational framework including three components of target screening, animal pose estimation model, and animal gaits parameter extraction, which can totally and efficiently solve the problem of quadruped animal pose estimation and gait parameter extraction, makes up its core. On the basis of the HRNet network, an improved quadruped animal keypoint extraction network, RFB-HRNet, was proposed to enhance the extraction effect of quadruped pose estimation. The basic concept was to use a DyConv (dynamic convolution) module and an RFB (receptive field block) module to propose a special receptive field module DyC-RFB to optimize the feature extraction capability of the HRNet network at stage 1 and to enhance the feature extraction capability of the entire network model. The public dataset AP10K was then used to validate the model’s performance, and it was discovered that the proposed method was superior to alternative methods. Second, a two-stage cascade network was created by adding an object detection network to the front end of the pose estimation network to filter the animal object in input images, which enhanced the pose estimation effect of small targets and multitargets. The acquired keypoints data of animals were then utilized to extract the gait parameters of the experimental objects. Experiment findings showed that the gait parameter extraction model proposed in this research could effectively extract the gait frequency, gait sequence, gait duty cycle, and gait trajectory parameters of quadruped animals, and obtain real-time and accurate gait trajectory.
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Ramakrishnan, Tyagi, Seok Hun Kim, and Kyle B. Reed. "Human Gait Analysis Metric for Gait Retraining." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2019 (November 11, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1286864.

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The combined gait asymmetry metric (CGAM) provides a method to synthesize human gait motion. The metric is weighted to balance each parameter’s effect by normalizing the data so all parameters are more equally weighted. It is designed to combine spatial, temporal, kinematic, and kinetic gait parameter asymmetries. It can also combine subsets of the different gait parameters to provide a more thorough analysis. The single number quantifying gait could assist robotic rehabilitation methods to optimize the resulting gait patterns. CGAM will help define quantitative thresholds for achievable balanced overall gait asymmetry. The study presented here compares the combined gait parameters with clinical measures such as timed up and go (TUG), six-minute walk test (6MWT), and gait velocity. The comparisons are made on gait data collected on individuals with stroke before and after twelve sessions of rehabilitation. Step length, step time, and swing time showed a strong correlation to CGAM, but the double limb support asymmetry has nearly no correlation with CGAM and ground reaction force asymmetry has a weak correlation. The CGAM scores were moderately correlated with TUG and strongly correlated to 6MWT and gait velocity.
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Mostafa, Kazi, Innchyn Her, and Yi-Hsien Wu. "The Offset Model of a Hexapod Robot and the Effect of the Offset Parameter." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 2, no. 3 (July 2012): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2012070104.

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Generally, it is claimed that hexapod walking robots are superior to others. However, in some conditions hexapod suffers from stability problems. To solve the problem of stability, this paper proposes a new gait model of hexapod robot named offset model and also investigates the effects of morphological factor of hexapod robots on their locomotion. A comparison between the offset model and general model of hexapod robot is also included. The stability margin and error margin are used to indicate the stability of a hexapod robot, as it walks with different gaits in arbitrary directions. Two hexapod gaits are compared, which are the diametrical gait and the paired metachronal gait. The former is an artificial gait and the latter is a natural gait. The authors conclude that that the stability of a hexapod robot with the diametrical gait can be enhanced by increasing the offset parameter.
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Pepa, Lucia, Federica Verdini, and Luca Spalazzi. "Gait parameter and event estimation using smartphones." Gait & Posture 57 (September 2017): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.06.011.

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Rabin, Ely, Peter Shi, and William Werner. "Gait parameter control timing with dynamic manual contact or visual cues." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 6 (June 1, 2016): 2880–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00670.2015.

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We investigated the timing of gait parameter changes (stride length, peak toe velocity, and double-, single-support, and complete step duration) to control gait speed. Eleven healthy participants adjusted their gait speed on a treadmill to maintain a constant distance between them and a fore-aft oscillating cue (a place on a conveyor belt surface). The experimental design balanced conditions of cue modality (vision: eyes-open; manual contact: eyes-closed while touching the cue); treadmill speed (0.2, 0.4, 0.85, and 1.3 m/s); and cue motion (none, ±10 cm at 0.09, 0.11, and 0.18 Hz). Correlation analyses revealed a number of temporal relationships between gait parameters and cue speed. The results suggest that neural control ranged from feedforward to feedback. Specifically, step length preceded cue velocity during double-support duration suggesting anticipatory control. Peak toe velocity nearly coincided with its most-correlated cue velocity during single-support duration. The toe-off concluding step and double-support durations followed their most-correlated cue velocity, suggesting feedback control. Cue-tracking accuracy and cue velocity correlations with timing parameters were higher with the manual contact cue than visual cue. The cue/gait timing relationships generalized across cue modalities, albeit with greater delays of step-cycle events relative to manual contact cue velocity. We conclude that individual kinematic parameters of gait are controlled to achieve a desired velocity at different specific times during the gait cycle. The overall timing pattern of instantaneous cue velocities associated with different gait parameters is conserved across cues that afford different performance accuracies. This timing pattern may be temporally shifted to optimize control. Different cue/gait parameter latencies in our nonadaptation paradigm provide general-case evidence of the independent control of gait parameters previously demonstrated in gait adaptation paradigms.
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Decavel, Pierre, Thierry Moulin, and Yoshimasa Sagawa. "Which gait parameter can be used to evaluate gait improvement in multiple sclerosis?" Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 59 (September 2016): e118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2016.07.267.

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Lee, Daewook, Jiman Soon, Gyuri Choi, Kijoon Kim, and Sangwoo Bahn. "Identification of the Visually Prominent Gait Parameters for Forensic Gait Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 2467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042467.

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Walking patterns can be used as a key parameter in identifying individuals, as it varies visually depending on one’s body size as well as their habits, gender, and age group. In this study, we measure the gait characteristics of a large number of subjects using 34 visual parameters to identify significant parameters that can be used to distinguish individual walking features. We recorded 291 subjects’ walking on a constructed footpath using four video cameras, and data on parameters was calculated at the points of double support, toe-off, and heel-strike. K-means Clustering Analysis and ANOVA were conducted to determine the difference between age, gender, and BMI. As a result, we confirm that parameters related to the spine, neck, and feet are useful for identifying individuals. In the comparative analysis between age groups, the older the age, the more significant variables appeared in the upper body. The difference between genders showed significant parameters in both the upper and lower bodies of males. Similarly, among the large BMI groups, we also derived significant results in the upper and lower bodies. The key parameters derived from this study can be used more effectively in the real-world visual analysis of gait, as the walking characteristics of a large number of subjects have been measured with a similar view as real-world CCTV. This study will be effectively utilized as a foundation for future research attempting to identify people through their gait by distinguishing major gait characteristic differences.
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Bai, Long, Hao Hu, Xiaohong Chen, Yuanxi Sun, Chaoyang Ma, and Yuanhong Zhong. "CPG-Based Gait Generation of the Curved-Leg Hexapod Robot with Smooth Gait Transition." Sensors 19, no. 17 (August 26, 2019): 3705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19173705.

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This paper presents a novel CPG-based gait generation of the curved-leg hexapod robot that can enable smooth gait transitions between multi-mode gaits. First, the locomotion of the curved leg and instability during the gait transitions are analyzed. Then, a modified Hopf oscillator is applied in the CPG control, which can realize multiple gaits by adjusting a simple parameter. In addition, a smooth gait switching method is also proposed via smooth gait transition functions and gait planning. Tripod gait, quadruped gait, and wave gait are planned for the hexapod robot to achieve quick and stable gait transitions smoothly and continuously. MATLAB and ADAMS simulations and corresponding practical experiments are conducted. The results show that the proposed method can achieve smooth and continuous mutual gait transitions, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed CPG-based hexapod robot control.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gait parameter"

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Bäcklund, Tomas. "Development and validation of a system for clinical assessment of gait cycle parameter in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydocephalus." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-82891.

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A number of parameters have been identified as characteristic of the walking pattern in patients with INPH. Most of these have been identified through qualitative surveys and manually conducted test batteries. In order to obtain quantitative, standardized and objective measures, which enable studies based on larger patient populations and comparable results, there is a need for a user-friendly system that can measure specific key parameters over time in a reliable manner in everyday clinical work. Step height, width and the variability in the gait cycle are such parameters which are interesting research areas for this group of patient. Problems with balance and gait are very common in other patient groups as well, particularly in neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke. This is the reason that the development of this gait analyzer is performed. Giving access to a simple and objective method for estimating gait and balance ability in clinical routine investigations would increase the ability to provide the right kind of treatment, confirm treatment results, and conducting larger research studies. Therefore, this equipment can contribute to the assessment of diseases which contain impaired gait. As a first test of the usability and for the validation of accuracy and repeatability of the equipment a group of healthy volunteers was used. Results from tests on healthy subjects show god repeatability between measurements, for step width at normal gait the difference was -0,2 ±0,34 cm (mean, ±SD) and step height 0,69 ±3,34 cm. The stride time variability in the healthy group where very small 0,00048 ±0,00028 s2 with a difference between test of 0,000019 ±0,00038 s2. Three pilot patients have been tested where we have clearly seen indications of increased stride time variability and reduced step height.
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Gravett, Stephanie. "Gait and Mild Cognitive Impairment : How spatiotemporal parameters and gait variability are affected in MCI." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-135836.

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Tidigare forskning har funnit samband mellan gång och kognitiv funktion, men sambandet mellan lindrig kognitiv svikt (MCI) och gång är inte helt klarlagt. Syftet med den föreliggande examensuppsatsen var således att undersöka hur gångvariabler och gångvariabilitet är påverkat hos personer med MCI i relation till kognitivt friska individer. Studien genomfördes i det pågående projektet the Healthy Ageing Initiative vid Umeå Universitet. Totalt 1937 personer inkluderades i studien. Samtliga var 70 år gamla och bosatta i Umeå kommun. Totalt 112 personer bedömdes ha MCI utifrån instrumentet Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Gånganalys genomfördes med den elektroniska gångmattan GAITRite® system och deltagarna utförde fyra gångförsök: egenvald hastighet, snabb hastighet, kognitiv dual task och motorisk dual task. Resultatet visade att det finns skillnader mellan grupper vad gäller både spatiala och temporala aspekter, främst i de tre första försöken. Exempelvis uppvisade gruppen MCI lägre gånghastighet, kortare steg och kliv samt längre double support och kortare swing. Gruppen MCI uppvisade högre variabilitet under kognitiv dual task. Ett flertal gång- och variabilitets-variabler under kognitiv dual task kunde, enligt logistisk regression, predicera sannolikheten att ha MCI. Resultaten indikerar att gången hos de med MCI kan ge ökad fallrisk.
Previous research has found a connection between gait and cognitive function. However, the relationship between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and gait has not been fully explored. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine how spatiotemporal gait parameters, and gait variability, are affected in people with MCI compared to cognitively healthy individuals (CHI). The study was carried out in cooperation with the Healthy Ageing Initiative research project, Umeå University, Sweden. A total of 1937 participants were included in the study. All participants were 70-years old and residents of the municipality Umeå. A total of 112 participants were classified as having MCI, as measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Gait analysis was performed with the GAITRite® system, and participants performed four trials: preferred pace, fast pace, cognitive dual task and motor dual task. Results showed group differences in both spatial and temporal aspects of gait, especially during the first three trials. For example, participants with MCI walked more slowly, had shorter steps and strides, as well as a longer duration of the double support phase and lower duration of the swing phase. Participants with MCI revealed higher gait variability during cognitive dual task. Several of these variability variables, as well as spatiotemporal variables, could predict probability of having MCI, as seen through logistic regression. Results indicate that the gait observed in MCI could be related to a higher risk of falling.
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Simoes, Mario Alves. "Feasibility of Wearable Sensors to Determine Gait Parameters." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3346.

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A wearable system that can be used in different settings to collect gait parameters on subjects with a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) would allow clinicians to collect needed data of subjects outside of the laboratory setting. Mild traumatic brain injuries stem from a number of causes such as illnesses, strokes, accidents or battlefield traumas. These injuries can cause issues with everyday tasks, such as gait, and are linked with vestibular dysfunction [1]. Different wearable sensor systems were analyzed prior to starting this study along with relevant gait parameters associated with mild traumatic brain injury. To monitor gait parameters relevant to mild traumatic brain injury (cadence, torso rate of rotation, head rate of rotation and stride length) a wearable sensor system was selected (APDM Opal Movement Monitor [13]) and compared against the gold standard optical tracking system (Vicon) [2]. A group of ten, 20-27 year old, healthy subjects were used to validate the APDM Movement Monitor system using the Pearson's R correlation value [35]. Subjects were asked to wear the APDM movement monitors in conjunction with the reflective markers of the Vicon system while performing three sessions of gait trials: a normal gait speed, a fast gait speed and a slow gait speed. Using the Pearson's R correlation values, cadence, torso rate of rotation, and head rate of rotation were found to be highly correlated between both systems. The Pearson's R correlations for cadence, torso rate of rotation, head rate of rotation and stride length were 0.967, 0.907, 0.942, and 0.861, respectively. These correlation values suggest the gait parameters relevant to mild traumatic brain injury are highly correlated between both the APDM Movement Monitor system and the Vicon system, and APDM's wearable sensor system was lightweight, portable and less costly than the Vicon system.
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Burns, Karlee N. "Impact of Cognitive Tasks on Gait Parameters in Collegiate Athletes." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10262879.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive tasks on gait parameters in a collegiate athlete population. Forty-six current collegiate student-athletes from men’s football, women’s basketball, and women’s volleyball participated in the study. Each participant completed five single task trials walking at a self-selected pace on a ten-meter walkway free of obstacles and other distractions and then completed five dual task trials of walking while completing a cognitive task of either counting backwards from 100 by 7s or spelling common five letter words backwards. Paired samples t-tests showed all gait parameters, including step count ( t(45) = -13.301, p < .001), gait cycle ( t(45) = -14.710, p < .001), cadence ( t(45) = 12.132, p < .001), nominal speed ( t(45) = 18.229, p < .001), peak medial lateral acceleration (t(45) = 2.948, p = .005), peak anterior acceleration (t(45) = 7.005, p < .001), and postural sway (t(45) = 5.355, p < .000) were statistically different, p < .05, between the single and dual task trials. During the single task trials, participants walked faster, took less steps, and had higher acceleration and postural sway values than they did during the dual task trials. Normative reference values for these gait parameters were also determined for this specific population.

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Al-Mijalli, Mohammed Hmad Saleh. "Design of an instrumented walkway for measuring the temporal distance parameters of gait." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249763.

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Aldridge, Matthew David. "Measurements of equine gait parameters in the context of injury prevention." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391886.

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Gómez, Pérez Cristina. "Clinically relevant gait parameters in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673520.

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Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of chronic childhood motor disability and it describes a group of permanent disorders affecting movement and posture. Spasticity is often the dominant motor disorder and it causes secondary musculoskeletal problems that, occurring at multiple levels, affect the quality and efficiency of gait. The instrumented gait analysis is an assessment tool that allows a precise quantification of gait characteristics, through objective data that cannot be appreciated visually. This doctoral thesis provides new evidence on clinically relevant gait parameters for the gait assessment of children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Through a systematic review, gait parameters responsive to treatments have been identified. Through a correlational study, the relationship between spatiotemporal parameters, impairments and activity limitations has been evaluated. A gait event detection method for children with cerebral palsy has also been validated.
La paràlisi cerebral és la causa més freqüent de discapacitat motora crònica en la població infantil i descriu un conjunt de trastorns que afecten el moviment i la postura. L’espasticitat és el trastorn motor predominant i provoca problemes múscul-esquelètics secundaris que, actuant a múltiples nivells, afecten la capacitat de marxa. L’anàlisi instrumentada de la marxa és una eina de valoració que permet quantificar les característiques de la marxa mitjançant dades objectives no apreciables visualment. Aquesta tesi doctoral aporta noves evidències sobre paràmetres clínicament rellevants per a la valoració de la marxa dels infants amb paràlisi cerebral espàstica bilateral. Mitjançant una revisió sistemàtica, s’han identificat paràmetres de la marxa sensibles als tractaments. Mitjançant un estudi correlacional, s’ha avaluat la relació dels paràmetres espai-temporals amb deficiències i limitacions en l’activitat. També s’ha validat un mètode de detecció d’esdeveniments de la marxa per a infants amb paràlisi cerebral.
La parálisis cerebral es la causa más frecuente de discapacidad motora crónica en la población infantil y describe un conjunto de trastornos del movimiento y de la postura. La espasticidad es el trastorno motor predominante y provoca problemas músculo-esqueléticos secundarios que, actuando a múltiples niveles, afectan a la capacidad de marcha. El análisis instrumental de la marcha es una herramienta de valoración que permite cuantificar las características de la marcha mediante datos objetivos no apreciables visualmente. Esta tesis doctoral aporta nueva evidencia sobre parámetros clínicamente relevantes para la valoración de la marcha en niños con parálisis cerebral espástica bilateral. Mediante una revisión sistemática, se han identificado parámetros de la marcha sensibles a los tratamientos. Mediante un estudio correlacional, se ha evaluado la relación entre parámetros espacio-temporales, deficiencias y limitaciones en la actividad. También se ha validado un método de detección de eventos de la marcha para niños con parálisis cerebral.
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Kajaks, Tara. "The effect of sustained static kneeling on knee joint gait parameters." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1355.

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Cao, Huiyi. "Remote Gait Monitoring Mobile System Enabled by Wearable Sensor Technology." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1587042096284549.

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Trojaniello, Diana <1986&gt. "Assessment of gait spatio-temporal parameters in neurological disorders using wearable inertial sensors." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7122/1/Trojaniello_Diana_tesi.pdf.

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Movement analysis carried out in laboratory settings is a powerful, but costly solution since it requires dedicated instrumentation, space and personnel. Recently, new technologies such as the magnetic and inertial measurement units (MIMU) are becoming widely accepted as tools for the assessment of human motion in clinical and research settings. They are relatively easy-to-use and potentially suitable for estimating gait kinematic features, including spatio-temporal parameters. The objective of this thesis regards the development and testing in clinical contexts of robust MIMUs based methods for assessing gait spatio-temporal parameters applicable across a number of different pathological gait patterns. First, considering the need of a solution the least obtrusive as possible, the validity of the single unit based approach was explored. A comparative evaluation of the performance of various methods reported in the literature for estimating gait temporal parameters using a single unit attached to the trunk first in normal gait and then in different pathological gait conditions was performed. Then, the second part of the research headed towards the development of new methods for estimating gait spatio-temporal parameters using shank worn MIMUs on different pathological subjects groups. In addition to the conventional gait parameters, new methods for estimating the changes of the direction of progression were explored. Finally, a new hardware solution and relevant methodology for estimating inter-feet distance during walking was proposed. Results of the technical validation of the proposed methods at different walking speeds and along different paths against a gold standard were reported and showed that the use of two MIMUs attached to the lower limbs associated with a robust method guarantee a much higher accuracy in determining gait spatio-temporal parameters. In conclusion, the proposed methods could be reliably applied to various abnormal gaits obtaining in some cases a comparable level of accuracy with respect to normal gait.
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Books on the topic "Gait parameter"

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Maki, B. E. Biomechanical assessment of handrail parameters with special consideration to the needs of elderly users. Ottawa: Editiorial Office, Division of Electrical Engineering,National Research Council of Canada, 1988.

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Phipps, Sharon. The development of a database of normal gait parameters using the MkI Surrey Gait Assessment Walkway. 1996.

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Gain-Scheduled Aircraft Control Using Linear Parameter-Varying Feedback. Storming Media, 1996.

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Wright, A. G. Secondary emission and gain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0005.

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Secondary-electron emission generates gain in conventional vacuum photomultipliers with discrete dynodes. This is a cascade process involving between 6 and 20 elements. Generally, the higher the number of stages, the higher is the gain and similarly for applied voltage. Gain is dependent on the composition of the dynodes, with SbCs and activated BeO being the most common materials. There are ten different dynode types, each of which serves a particular purpose: for example, operation in high magnetic fields and high temperature. The continuous channel dynode is available as a single unit and as a multichannel structure, the microchannel plate. The quality of a dynode system is described by its single-electron response. Discrete dynodes produce a spread in output size whereas the channel devices are generally operated in saturation. Gain may be quoted as DC, G, and pulsed ‹g› and methods for measuring these parameters are given.
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An optimal output feedback gain variation scheme for the control of plants exhibiting gross parameter changes. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1987.

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Rathgeber-Lawrence, Rhonda Ann. The effects of soil moisture content and the dynamic properties of the track surface on the kinematic parameters of horses galloping on the straightaway. 1992.

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Rathore, Mukul. Augsta reciklētā asfalta satura maisījumi: projektēšanas parametri un īpašību izvērtējums. RTU Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/9789934228063.

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Promocijas darba mērķis ir izstrādāt jaunu projektēšanas un testēšanas metodiku atjaunojošo piedevu saturošiem asfalta maisījumiem ar augstu reciklētā asfalta saturu, kā arī izvērtēt šādu maisījumu ilgtermiņa mehāniskās īpašības un ietekmi uz vidi. Tika veikts sistemātisks pētījums, kurā izstrādāta jauna procedūra augsta satura reciklētā asfalta maisījumu sagatavošanai laboratorijā. Promocijas darba gaitā izstrādāta stadijas ekstrakcijas metode, lai no reciklētā asfalta maisījumiem iegūtu vairākus saistvielas slāņus. Turklāt aprites cikla novērtēšanas metodē integrēti ceļa segumu projektēšanas aspekti, ļaujot aprēķināt augsta satura reciklētu asfalta maisījumu ietekmi uz vidi.
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Brêtas, Anilce de Araújo. Balanço eletrolítico estratégico na ração de suínos criados em clima quente. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-318-3.

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The effect of Dietary Electrolyte Balance (EB) in rations for growing and finished swine under high temperatures ambient was evaluated. Two hundred male castrated pigs with initial average 25,3±1.3 kg were allotted in completely randomized experimental design with five treatments T1 diet without supplemented electrolyte 191 mEq/kg; T2 (supl B) diet supplementd with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) 250 mEq/kg; T3 (supl B+C) diet supplemented with (NaHCO3) and potassium chloride (KCl) 250 mEq/kg; T4 (supl B) diet supplemented with (NaHCO3) 300 mEq/kg; T5 (supl B+C) diet supplemented (NaHCO3) and (KCl) 300 mEq/kg and four replication and 10 pigs per experimental unit. The average weight of the animals was 68,8±3,4 kg. The performance parameters evaluated were the feed intake (FI), the daily gain (DG), finished weight (FW), nitrogen intake (NI), lysine intake (LI), efficiency of N utilization for weight gain (ENUWG), efficiency of L utilization for weight gain (ELUWG) and the gain:feed ration and physiologic parameters to respiratory frequency (RF) and rectal temperature (RT). Blood was colleted to measure serum concentration of Na, Cl and K. The average temperature was 29,65±1,80ºC with (RU) of 69,6±10,4%. The levels of EB decreased (P<0,05) the (FI) and improved (NI). The others performance parameters evaluated weren’t influenced by treatments (P>0,05). In the termination phase the supplementation with sodium bicarbonate and or potassium chloride with 250 or 300 mEq/kg can be used to correct electrolyte balance under heat stress.
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Bygrave, Lee A. Hardwiring Privacy. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.52.

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This chapter examines regulatory efforts to ensure that due account is taken of privacy and related interests in the development of information systems such that these interests are, in effect, integrated (or ‘hardwired’) into the resulting systems. Such efforts are typically described in terms of ‘Privacy by Design’ and ‘Data Protection by Design’. The basic argument advanced in the chapter is that such efforts are unlikely to gain broad traction, at least in the short term, despite current moves to provide them with increased legal support. This is due to a broad range of factors the most important of which is that any ambitious privacy-hardwiring efforts will clash with powerful business and state interests at the same time as they remain marginal to the concerns of most consumers and engineers. This marginality is exacerbated by poor communication of such efforts’ parameters, methodologies and requirements.
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Book chapters on the topic "Gait parameter"

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Vaidya, Devika Vipin, Rauf Iqbal, and Archana Bhatnagar. "Impact of Footwear on Gait Parameter." In Ergonomics in Caring for People, 3–8. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4980-4_1.

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Fagert, Jonathon, Mostafa Mirshekari, Shijia Pan, Pei Zhang, and Hae Young Noh. "Structural Property Guided Gait Parameter Estimation Using Footstep-Induced Floor Vibrations." In Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, 191–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12115-0_25.

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Seekircher, Andreas, and Ubbo Visser. "A Closed-Loop Gait for Humanoid Robots Combining LIPM with Parameter Optimization." In RoboCup 2016: Robot World Cup XX, 71–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68792-6_6.

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Zhang, Yue-Peng, Guang-Zhong Cao, Jiang-Cheng Chen, Ye Yuan, Ling-Long Li, Dong-Po Tan, and Zi-Qin Ling. "Gait Time Parameter Analysis-Based Rehabilitation Evaluation System of Lower Limb Motion Function." In Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 90–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13835-5_9.

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Prokopowicz, Piotr, Emilia Mikołajewska, Dariusz Mikołajewski, and Piotr Kotlarz. "Analysis of Temporospatial Gait Parameters." In Theory and Applications of Ordered Fuzzy Numbers, 289–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59614-3_17.

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Della Croce, Ugo, Andrea Cereatti, and Martina Mancini. "Gait Parameters Estimated Using Inertial Measurement Units." In Handbook of Human Motion, 245–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14418-4_163.

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Croce, Ugo Della, Andrea Cereatti, and Martina Mancini. "Gait Parameters Estimated Using Inertial Measurement Units." In Handbook of Human Motion, 1–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30808-1_163-1.

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Ravensberg, C. D. Mischner-van, B. M. Bergkamp, R. Pieters, and R. H. Rozendal. "Gait Parameters of Hemiplegic and Normal Subjects." In Biomechanics: Current Interdisciplinary Research, 543–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7432-9_80.

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Caicedo-Rodríguez, P. E., C. F. Rengifo-Rodas, and L. E. Rodríguez-Cheu. "A human gait temporal parameters calculation algorithm." In VII Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2016, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia, October 26th -28th, 2016, 285–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4086-3_72.

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Jordi, C., J. M. Carrasco, F. Figueras, J. Torra, X. Luri, and E. Masana. "GAIA: Derivation of Stellar Parameters." In Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics III, 481. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1778-6_124.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gait parameter"

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Shieh, Wann-Yun, and Diana Guu. "Homecare gait parameter collection." In 2014 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issnip.2014.6827623.

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GAO, Xing, Fei SHEN, Li WANG, Yingnan MA, Haijun Niu, and Yubo FAN. "Gait Stability Analysis with a Two-dimensional Dynamic Parameter." In ICBBE '20: 2020 7th International Conference on Biomedical and Bioinformatics Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3444884.3444901.

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GARCIA, E., J. ESTREMERA, P. GONZALEZ DE SANTOS, and M. ARMADA. "GAIT PARAMETER ADAPTATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL PERTURBATIONS IN QUADRUPEDAL ROBOTS." In Proceedings of 10th International Conference (CLAWAR 2007). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812770189_0019.

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Dong, Guiyu, Ripeng Qin, Liangliang Han, Jiawei Chen, Kun Xu, and Xilun Ding. "Ground Contact Parameter Estimation Guided Gait Planning for Hexapod Robots." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio55434.2022.10011864.

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Schmitt, John. "Mechanical Models for Insect Locomotion: Parameter Studies." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1756.

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Abstract Motivated by experimental studies of insects, we develop a three-degree-of-freedom, energetically conservative, rigid body model with a pair of elastic legs in intermittent contact with the ground. The resulting piecewise-holonomic mechanical system exhibits periodic gaits whose neutral and asymptotic stability characteristics are due to intermittent foot contact, and are largely determined by geometrical criteria. We study how dynamics depend on physical parameters such as mass, moment of inertia, leg length, leg stiffness, and leg touchdown angle. We develop exact and approximate scaling relations that predict gait scaling in response to individual parameter changes, and suggest that the model is relevant to the understanding of locomotion dynamics across species.
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Shieh, Wann-Yun, Tyng-Tyng Guu, and An-Peng Liu. "A portable smart belt design for home-based gait parameter collection." In 2013 International Conference on Computational Problem-solving (ICCP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccps.2013.6893501.

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Jian Ni and Libo Liang. "Gait recognition method based on hybrid kernel and optimized parameter SVM." In 2009 2nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsit.2009.5234612.

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Zamiri, Amin, Amir Farzad, Ehsan Saboori, Mojtaba Rouhani, Mahmoud Naghibzadeh, and Amin Milani Fard. "An evolutionary gait generator with online parameter adjustment for humanoid robots." In 2008 IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiccsa.2008.4493510.

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Mansouri, M., P. M. Birgani, M. R. Kharazi, M. Lotfian, M. Naeimipoor, and M. M. Mirbagheri. "Estimation of gait parameter using sonoelastography in children with cerebral palsy." In 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591050.

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Stone, E. E., and M. Skubic. "Capturing habitual, in-home gait parameter trends using an inexpensive depth camera." In 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6347142.

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Reports on the topic "Gait parameter"

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Alshahrani, Mastour Saeed, Kumar Gular, Jayashanker Tedla, Kangaraj Rengaramanujam, Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi, Snehil Dixit, and Ravi Shankar Reddy. Effect of Lower Limb Constrained Induced Movement Therapy on Gait, Balance, and Cardiovascular parameters-A systematic review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0008.

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Yu, L. H. Design parameters of the high gain harmonic generation experiment using Cornell Undulator A at the ATF. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/307889.

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YU, L. H. DESIGN PARAMETERS OF THE HIGH GAIN HARMONIC GENERATION EXPERIMENT USING CORNELL UNDULATOR A AT THE ATF. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760976.

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Li, Jia-Qi, PWH Kwong, YW Sun, WS So, and A. Sidarta. A comprehensive appraisal of meta-analyses in exercise-based stroke rehabilitation with trial sequential analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0006.

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Review question / Objective: This study aims to use the trial sequential analysis (TSA) method to examine if the published meta-analyses concerning stroke rehabilitation reached the required information size and if the overall effect size is robust as well. Condition being studied: Stroke rehabilitation. Eligibility criteria: Studies were included if they 1) were meta-analyses of random control trials (RCTs) on people with stroke, 2) included meta-analyses results in gait speed (or 6MWT) or bal-ance performance. Studies were excluded if they 1) were conference abstracts, letters to the editor 2) lack the statistical parameters such as mean, standard deviations (SD), and number value in the articles and raw data from the cited studies cannot be found.
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Adams, Caitlin J., Baishakhi Bose, Ethan Mann, Kendra A. Erk, Ali Behnood, Alberto Castillo, Fabian B. Rodriguez, Yu Wang, and Jan Olek. Superabsorbent Polymers for Internally Cured Concrete. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317366.

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Two commercial superabsorbent polymer (SAP) formulations were used to internally cure cement pastes, mortars, and concretes with a range of water-to-cement ratios (w/c 0.35–0.52). The following properties were determined as a function of cement chemistry and type, use of chemical admixtures, use of slag, and batching parameters: SAP absorption capacity, fresh mixture workability and consistency, degree of hydration, volumetric stability, cracking tendency, compressive and flexural strength, and pumpability. SAP internal curing agents resulted in cementitious mixtures with improved hydration, accelerated strength gain, greater volumetric stability, and improved cracking resistance while maintaining sufficient workability to be pumped and placed without sacrificing compressive or flexural strength. When using SAP, batching adjustments prioritized the use of water reducing admixture instead of extra water to tune workability. While the benefits of SAP internal curing agents for low w/c mixtures were expected, SAP-containing mixtures with w/c ≥ 0.42 displayed accelerated strength development and decreased cracking tendency.
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Patel, Reena. Complex network analysis for early detection of failure mechanisms in resilient bio-structures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41042.

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Bio-structures owe their remarkable mechanical properties to their hierarchical geometrical arrangement as well as heterogeneous material properties. This dissertation presents an integrated, interdisciplinary approach that employs computational mechanics combined with flow network analysis to gain fundamental insights into the failure mechanisms of high performance, light-weight, structured composites by examining the stress flow patterns formed in the nascent stages of loading for the rostrum of the paddlefish. The data required for the flow network analysis was generated from the finite element analysis of the rostrum. The flow network was weighted based on the parameter of interest, which is stress in the current study. The changing kinematics of the structural system was provided as input to the algorithm that computes the minimum-cut of the flow network. The proposed approach was verified using two classical problems three- and four-point bending of a simply-supported concrete beam. The current study also addresses the methodology used to prepare data in an appropriate format for a seamless transition from finite element binary database files to the abstract mathematical domain needed for the network flow analysis. A robust, platform-independent procedure was developed that efficiently handles the large datasets produced by the finite element simulations. Results from computational mechanics using Abaqus and complex network analysis are presented.
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Tummala, Rohan, Andrew de Jesus, Natasha Tillett, Jeffrey Nelson, and Christine Lamey. Clinical and Socioeconomic Predictors of Palliative Care Utilization. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/com.lsp.2020.0006.

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INTRODUCTION: Palliative care continues to gain recognition among primary care providers, as patients suffering from chronic conditions may benefit from use of this growing service. OBJECTIVES: This single-institution quality improvement study investigates the clinical characteristics and socioeconomic status (SES) of palliative care patients and identifies predictors of palliative care utilization. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was used to compare clinical and SES parameters for three groups of patients: (1) palliative care patients who attended at least one visit since the inception of the University Clinical Health Palliative Care Clinic in Memphis, TN in October 2018 (n = 61), (2) palliative care patients who did not attend any appointments (n = 19), and (3) a randomized group of age-matched primary care patients seen by one provider from May 2018 to May 2019 (n = 36). A Poisson regression model with backward conditional variable selection was used to determine predictors of palliative care utilization. RESULTS: Patients across the three care groups did not differ in demographic parameters. Compared to palliative care-referred non-users and primary care patients, palliative care patients tended to have lower health risk (p < 0.001). Palliative care patients did not differ from primary care patients in socioeconomic status but did differ in comorbidity distribution, having a higher prevalence of cancer (𝜒2 = 14.648, df = 7, p = 0.041). Chance of 10-year survival did not differ across risk categories for palliative care patients but was significantly lower for very high-risk compared to moderate-risk primary care patients (30% vs. 78%, p = 0.019). Significant predictors of palliative care use and their corresponding incidence rate ratios (IRR) were hospital referral (IRR = 1.471; p = 0.039), higher number of prescribed medications (IRR = 1.045; p = 0.003), lower Charlson Comorbidity Index (IRR = 0.907; p = 0.003), and lower systolic blood pressure (IRR = 0.989; p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are expected to benefit from and of being high utilizers of palliative care may experience greater clinical benefit from earlier referral to this service.
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Paterson, Andrew H., Yehoshua Saranga, and Dan Yakir. Improving Productivity of Cotton (Gossypsum spp.) in Arid Region Agriculture: An Integrated Physiological/Genetic Approach. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573066.bard.

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Objectives: We seek to establish the basis for improving cotton productivity under arid conditions, by studying the water use efficiency - evaporative cooling interrelationship. Specifically, we will test the hypothesis that cotton productivity under arid conditions can be improved by combining high seasonal WUE with efficient evaporative cooling, evaluate whether high WUE and/or evaporative cooling are based on specific physiological factors such as diurnal flexibility in stomatal conductance, stomatal density, photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and plant water status. Genes influencing both WUE and evaporative cooling, as well as other parameters such as economic products (lint yield, quality, harvest index) of cotton will also be mapped, in order to evaluate influences of water relations on these parameters. Approach: Carbon isotope ratio will be used to evaluate WUE, accompanied by additional parameters to elucidate the relationship between WUE, evaporative cooling, and cotton productivity. A detailed RFLP map will be used to determine the number, location, and phenotypic effects of genes underlying genetic variation in WUE between cultivated cottons, as well as test associations of these genes with traits of economic importance such as harvest index, lint yield, and lint quality. Major Conclusions: Productivity and quality of cotton grown under well-watered versus water-limited conditions was shown to be partly accounted for by different quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Among a suite of physiological traits often found to differ between genotypes adapted to arid versus well-watered conditions, genetic mapping implicated only reduced plant osmotic potential in improved cotton productivity under arid conditions. Our findings clearly implicate OP as a major component of cotton adaptation to arid conditions. However, testing of further physiological hypotheses is clearly needed to account for additional QTL alleles conferring higher seed-cotton yield under arid conditions, such as three of the five we found. Near-isogenic lines being made for QTLs discovered herein will offer a powerful new tool useful toward identification of the underlying gene(s) by using fine-scale mapping approaches (Paterson et al 1990). Implications: Adaptation to both arid and favorable conditions can be combined into the same genotype. We have identified diagnostic DNA markers that are being applied to creation of such desirable genotypes. Simultaneous improvement of productivity (and/or quality) for both arid and irrigated conditions will require more extensive field testing and the manipulation of larger numbers of genes, reducing the expected rate of genetic gain These difficulties may be at least partly ameliorated by efficiencies gained through identification and use of diagnostic DNA markers. Genomic tools and approaches may expedite adaptation of crops to arid cultivation, help to test roles of additional physiological factors, and guide the isolation of the underlying genes that protect crop performance under arid conditions.
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Miles, Gaines E., Yael Edan, F. Tom Turpin, Avshalom Grinstein, Thomas N. Jordan, Amots Hetzroni, Stephen C. Weller, Marvin M. Schreiber, and Okan K. Ersoy. Expert Sensor for Site Specification Application of Agricultural Chemicals. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570567.bard.

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In this work multispectral reflectance images are used in conjunction with a neural network classifier for the purpose of detecting and classifying weeds under real field conditions. Multispectral reflectance images which contained different combinations of weeds and crops were taken under actual field conditions. This multispectral reflectance information was used to develop algorithms that could segment the plants from the background as well as classify them into weeds or crops. In order to segment the plants from the background the multispectrial reflectance of plants and background were studied and a relationship was derived. It was found that using a ratio of two wavelenght reflectance images (750nm and 670nm) it was possible to segment the plants from the background. Once ths was accomplished it was then possible to classify the segmented images into weed or crop by use of the neural network. The neural network developed for this work is a modification of the standard learning vector quantization algorithm. This neural network was modified by replacing the time-varying adaptation gain with a constant adaptation gain and a binary reinforcement function. This improved accuracy and training time as well as introducing several new properties such as hill climbing and momentum addition. The network was trained and tested with different wavelength combinations in order to find the best results. Finally, the results of the classifier were evaluated using a pixel based method and a block based method. In the pixel based method every single pixel is evaluated to test whether it was classified correctly or not and the best weed classification results were 81% and its associated crop classification accuracy is 57%. In the block based classification method, the image was divided into blocks and each block was evaluated to determine whether they contained weeds or not. Different block sizes and thesholds were tested. The best results for this method were 97% for a block size of 8 inches and a pixel threshold of 60. A simulation model was developed to 1) quantify the effectiveness of a site-specific sprayer, 2) evaluate influence of diffeent design parameters on efficiency of the site-specific sprayer. In each iteration of this model, infected areas (weed patches) in the field were randomly generated and the amount of required herbicides for spraying these areas were calculated. The effectiveness of the sprayer was estimated for different stain sizes, nozzle types (conic and flat), nozzle sizes and stain detection levels of the identification system. Simulation results indicated that the flat nozzle is much more effective as compared to the conic nozzle and its relative efficiency is greater for small nozzle sizes. By using a site-specific sprayer, the average ratio between the spraying areas and the stain areas is about 1.1 to 1.8 which can save up to 92% of herbicides, especially when the proportion of the stain areas is small.
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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,
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