Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gait in animals Research

Academic literature on the topic 'Gait in animals Research'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gait in animals Research"

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Gong, Zewu, Yunwei Zhang, Dongfeng Lu, and Tiannan Wu. "Vision-Based Quadruped Pose Estimation and Gait Parameter Extraction Method." Electronics 11, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 3702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223702.

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In the study of animal behavior, the prevention of sickness, and the gait planning of legged robots, pose estimation, and gait parameter extraction of quadrupeds are of tremendous importance. However, there are several varieties of quadrupeds, and distinct species frequently have radically diverse body types, limb configurations, and gaits. Currently, it is challenging to forecast animal pose estimation with any degree of accuracy. This research developed a quadruped animal pose estimation and gait parameter extraction method to address this problem. A computational framework including three components of target screening, animal pose estimation model, and animal gaits parameter extraction, which can totally and efficiently solve the problem of quadruped animal pose estimation and gait parameter extraction, makes up its core. On the basis of the HRNet network, an improved quadruped animal keypoint extraction network, RFB-HRNet, was proposed to enhance the extraction effect of quadruped pose estimation. The basic concept was to use a DyConv (dynamic convolution) module and an RFB (receptive field block) module to propose a special receptive field module DyC-RFB to optimize the feature extraction capability of the HRNet network at stage 1 and to enhance the feature extraction capability of the entire network model. The public dataset AP10K was then used to validate the model’s performance, and it was discovered that the proposed method was superior to alternative methods. Second, a two-stage cascade network was created by adding an object detection network to the front end of the pose estimation network to filter the animal object in input images, which enhanced the pose estimation effect of small targets and multitargets. The acquired keypoints data of animals were then utilized to extract the gait parameters of the experimental objects. Experiment findings showed that the gait parameter extraction model proposed in this research could effectively extract the gait frequency, gait sequence, gait duty cycle, and gait trajectory parameters of quadruped animals, and obtain real-time and accurate gait trajectory.
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Granatosky, Michael C., Caleb M. Bryce, Jandy Hanna, Aidan Fitzsimons, Myra F. Laird, Kelsey Stilson, Christine E. Wall, and Callum F. Ross. "Inter-stride variability triggers gait transitions in mammals and birds." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1893 (December 12, 2018): 20181766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1766.

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Speed-related gait transitions occur in many animals, but it remains unclear what factors trigger gait changes. While the most widely accepted function of gait transitions is that they reduce locomotor costs, there is no obvious metabolic trigger signalling animals when to switch gaits. An alternative approach suggests that gait transitions serve to reduce locomotor instability. While there is evidence supporting this in humans, similar research has not been conducted in other species. This study explores energetics and stride variability during the walk–run transition in mammals and birds. Across nine species, energy savings do not predict the occurrence of a gait transition. Instead, our findings suggest that animals trigger gait transitions to maintain high locomotor rhythmicity and reduce unstable states. Metabolic efficiency is an important benefit of gait transitions, but the reduction in dynamic instability may be the proximate trigger determining when those transitions occur.
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Shen, Zhe, Yudong Ma, and Takeshi Tsuchiya. "Four-Dimensional Gait Surfaces for a Tilt-Rotor—Two Color Map Theorem." Drones 6, no. 5 (April 23, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6050103.

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This article presents the four-dimensional surfaces that guide the gait plan for a tilt-rotor. The previous gaits analyzed in the tilt-rotor research are inspired by animals; no theoretical base backs the robustness of these gaits. This research deduces the gaits by diminishing the adverse effect of the attitude of the tilt-rotor for the first time. Four-dimensional gait surfaces are subsequently found on which the gaits are expected to be robust to the attitude. These surfaces provide the region where the gait is suggested to be planned. However, a discontinuous region may hinder the gait plan process while utilizing the proposed gait surfaces. The ‘Two Color Map Theorem’ is then established to guarantee the continuity of each gait designed. The robustness of the typical gaits on the gait surface, obeying the Two Color Map Theorem, is demonstrated by comparing the singular curves in attitude with the gaits not on the gait surface. The result shows that the gaits on the gait surface receive wider regions of the acceptable attitudes.
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Miller, Pearson W., and Jörn Dunkel. "Gait-optimized locomotion of wave-driven soft sheets." Soft Matter 16, no. 16 (2020): 3991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm02103e.

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Inspired by the robust locomotion of limbless animals, the development of soft robots capable of moving by localized swelling, bending, and other deformation modes has become a target for soft matter research over the last decade.
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Olmstead, M. L., A. S. Litsky, and D. P. Bruns. "Technique and Results for Total Hip Replacement in Sheep: An Experimental Model." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 09, no. 04 (October 1996): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632523.

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SummaryFifty healthy adult Suffolk cross sheep were evaluated as a research animal for cemented total hip replacement. The surgical technique, peri-operative care, and long-term evaluation of the animals is reported. A modular cemented canine hip replacement system was used in this project. Postoperative fractures of the operated femur were observed in five animals. Two sheep developed septic loosening of the acetabular components. Two sheep experienced immediate postoperative luxations. One animal developed an acetabular fracture and infection. Five sheep exhibited mild lameness of the operated limb one year postoperatively, while all others had a normal gait. Postoperative activity level played a significant role in the development of femur fractures.Fifty adult Suffolk cross sheep were evaluated as a research animal for cemented total hip replacement. The surgical technique, peri-operative care and long-term evaluation of the animals are reported.
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Lu, Qiang, and Juan Tian. "Research on Walking Gait of Biped Robot Based on a Modified CPG Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/793208.

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The neurophysiological studies of animals locomotion have verified that the fundamental rhythmic movements of animals are generated by the central pattern generator (CPG). Many CPG models have been proposed by scientific researchers. In this paper, a modified CPG model whose output function issin(x)is presented. The paper proves that the modified model has stable periodic solution and characteristics of the rhythmic movement using the Lyapunov judgement theorem and the phase diagram. A modified locomotion model is established in which the credit-assignment cerebellar model articulation controller (CA-CMAC) algorithm is used to realize the pattern mapping between the CPG output and the musculoskeletal system. And a seven-link biped robot is employed to simulate cyclic walking gait in order to test the validity of the locomotion model. The main findings include the following. (1) The modified CPG model can generate spontaneous oscillations which correspond to biological signals. (2) The analysis of the modified locomotion model reveals that the CA-CMAC algorithm can be used to realize the pattern mapping between the CPG output and the musculoskeletal system.
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Hodgetts, Timothy, and Jamie Lorimer. "Animals’ mobilities." Progress in Human Geography 44, no. 1 (December 12, 2018): 4–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132518817829.

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This paper draws together animal and mobility studies to develop the concept of animals’ mobilities. It identifies the parallel intellectual interests in these fields that provide the intellectual foundations for this synthesis, in mobility (over movement), affect, relational space, and ordering practices. It explores what configures an animal’s mobility, knowledge practices for researching and evoking animals’ mobilities, and how animals’ mobilities are governed. The conclusion highlights what these fields gain from this synthesis, and identifies the empirical, political and conceptual contributions that this concept makes to geographical research. The argument is illustrated with examples of large, terrestrial mammals, especially bears.
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Rickard, M. D. "The use of animals in research: counting the costs and the benefits." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 11 (2004): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03233.

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The Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes requires Animal Ethics Committees to assess the merits of any research proposal involving the use of sentient animals. As part of that assessment they should make a judgment as to whether or not the costs to the welfare of the experimental animals are outweighed by the benefits of the predicted experimental outcome (i.e. conduct a cost–benefit analysis). This paper describes one approach that has been proposed to assist Animal Ethics Committees to take all factors into account when making this judgment. When agricultural animals are used in research the potential benefits are usually measured in terms of improved health and welfare or increased productivity when the research outcomes are applied to other animals reared in agricultural enterprises. When the aim of a project is to improve the health and welfare of the animals (i.e. ‘animal benefit’), the benefits are usually obvious and counting the cost is straightforward even if the impact on the animals under experimentation is quite extreme (e.g. death as an unavoidable endpoint in a vaccination experiment). Where the benefits accrue solely in terms of increased productivity or economic gain (i.e. ‘human benefit’), then balancing the costs and the benefits can be more problematical because people’s personal beliefs and their orientation towards animal welfare influence their assessment. Economists indicate that it is not increased productivity per se that generates value but consumption. Therefore, consumer perceptions of any adverse impact that gains in productivity have on the welfare of farmed animals can play a significant role in determining the ultimate benefit (value) of a particular piece of research with the sole aim to increase production and economic gain. This paper will explore some postulated relationships between productivity and animal welfare which could influence consumer preferences and hence the cost–benefit analysis.
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Devolder, Katrien, and Matthias Eggel. "No Pain, No Gain? In Defence of Genetically Disenhancing (Most) Research Animals." Animals 9, no. 4 (April 9, 2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040154.

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Every year, around 12 million animals are used for the purpose of scientific research in the European Union alone. The procedures performed on them often cause significant pain and suffering. Despite regulations aimed at reducing this suffering, we can expect millions of research animals to continue to suffer in the near to mid-term future. Given this reality, we propose the use of gene editing to create research animals with a reduced capacity for suffering, in particular, from pain. We argue that our proposal would be in line with moral principles embedded in European regulations regarding animal research, and that it would facilitate compliance with these regulations. We also respond to the strongest argument against our proposal—the ‘no pain no gain’ argument.
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Marmol-Guijarro, Andres, Robert Nudds, Lars Folkow, John Lees, and Jonathan Codd. "Does posture explain the kinematic differences in a grounded running gait between male and female Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea) moving on snow?" Polar Biology 44, no. 6 (May 5, 2021): 1141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02872-x.

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AbstractThe majority of locomotor research is conducted on treadmills and few studies attempt to understand the differences between this and animals moving in the wild. For example, animals may adjust their gait kinematics or limb posture, to a more compliant limb, to increase stability of locomotion to prevent limb failure or falling on different substrates. Here, using video recordings, we compared locomotor parameters (speed range, stride length, stride frequency, stance duration, swing duration and duty factor) of female Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea) moving in the wild over snow to previous treadmill-based research. We also compared the absolute and body size (body mass and limb length)-corrected values of kinematic parameters to published data from males to look for any sex differences across walking and grounded running gaits. Our findings indicate that the kinematics of locomotion are largely conserved between the field and laboratory in that none of the female gaits were drastically affected by moving over snow, except for a prolonged swing phase at very slow walking speeds, likely due to toe dragging. Comparisons between the sexes indicate that the differences observed during a walking gait are likely due to body size. However, sexual dimorphism in body size could not explain the disparate grounded running kinematics of the female and male ptarmigan, which might be linked to a more crouched posture in females. Our findings provide insight into how males and females moving in situ may use different strategies to alleviate the effects of a variable substrate.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gait in animals Research"

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Chadwick, Wayne. "Observed metabolic changes in male Wistar rats after treatment with an antidepressant implied in undesirable weight gain, or Sutherlandia frutescens for Type II diabetes." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/313.

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Type II diabetes is fast becoming a growing problem in developed countries worldwide. Traditionally the median age for diagnosis was around sixty, but recent surveys have shown that the entire age distribution curve has shifted to the left. Western countries boast the worst statistics in which type II diabetes is being reported in children under the age of ten. At such a young age the disease often goes undiagnosed for long periods of time allowing considerable damage to occur. The incidence of type II diabetes is thought to be parallel with the growing rate of obesity associated with a characteristically unhealthy western diet. Type II diabetes is an extremely expensive disease to manage, and with the rapid growth of this pandemic our country will soon feel the economic burden of this disease. It is for this reason that cheaper medication needs to be investigated in the form of traditional plants, such as Sutherlandia frutescens. Prescription medication, such as tricyclic antidepressants, may also increase body weight or appetite thereby playing a role in obesity. The cause of weight gain in such cases may go unrecognized or lead to cessation of the medication with or without the practitioner’s knowledge or approval. It is therefore necessary to investigate the causative agents responsible for the excessive weight gain. Drinking water containing extracts of the S. frutescens, metformin (a well known type II diabetes medication) and amitriptyline (a common tricyclic antidepressant) was administered to three groups of ten male Wistar rats. The control group received water without any medication. The rat’s weight and food consumption was monitored throughout the trial and their oxygen consumption was also determined. Rats were sacrificed after four months of medicinal compliance and glucose uptake, in the presence and absence of insulin, was tested in epididymal fat, liver and muscle. Fasting plasma glucose levels, lipoprotein, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were also determined.
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Wills, Eric David. "Gait animation and analysis for biomechanically-articulated skeletons /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7508.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 281-287). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Kurek, Justin, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Deficits of gait initiation and steady state gait are exacerbated by postural threat in Parkinson's disease patients." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/667.

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The effects of postural threat on gait initiation and steady state gait among Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and age-matched adults were examined. Ten healthy adults (CTRL; mean age= 68.8 ± 8.4, range 56-80 years) and ten PD patients (PDOFF / ON ; mean age= 69.7 ± 10.3, range 54-81 years) initiated gait and continued with steady state walking along a walkway of two different height conditions. PD patients were first tested in a non-medicated state followed by testing in a medicated state. The results showed that gait initiation and steady state gait deficits inherent to PD are exacerbated in a postural threatening environment. As well, medication efficacy for overcoming parkinsonian deficits may be context dependent. These findings confirm the dynamic nature of movement deficits characteristic of parkinsonian patients and provide empirical evidence for specific environments that can create movement difficulties for people with PD.
x, 59 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. --
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Malavé, Laura Helena. "Silhouette based gait recognition research resource and limits /." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000059.

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Malavé, Laura Helena. "Silhouette based Gait Recognition: Research Resource and Limits." Scholar Commons, 2003. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1423.

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As is seen from the work on gait recognition, there is a de-facto consensus about the silhouette of a person being the low-level representation of choice. It has been hypothesized that the performance degradation that is observed when one compares sequences taken on different surfaces, hence against different backgrounds, or when one considers outdoor sequences is due to the low silhouette quality and its variation. If only one can get better silhouettes the perfomance of gait recognition would be high. This thesis challenges that hypothesis. In the context of the HumanID Gait Challenge problem, we constructed a set of ground truth silhouttes over one gait cycles for 71 subjects, to test recognition across two conditions, shoe and surface. Using these, we show that the performance with ground truth silhouette is as good as that obtained by those obtained by a basic background subtraction algorithm. Therefore further research into ways to enhance silhouette extraction does not appear to be the most productive way to advance gait recognition. We also show, using the manually specified part level silhouettes, that most of the gait recognition power lies in the legs and the arms. The recognition power in various static gait recognition factors as extracted from a single view image, such as gait period, cadence, body size, height, leg size, and torso length, does not seem to be adequate. Using cummulative silhouette error images, we also suggest that gait actually changes when one changes walking surface; in particular the swing phase of the gait gets effected the most.
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Low, Lesley Ann. "Stability of coupled van der pol oscillators and applications to gait control in simple animals /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7096.

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Wills, Eric David 1977. "Gait animation and analysis for biomechanically-articulated skeletons." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7508.

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xx, 287 p. ; ill. (some col.) A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call numbers: SCIENCE QP310.W3 W55 2008
Digital three-dimensional (3D) models are useful for biomechanical analysis because they can be interactively visualized and manipulated. Synthesizing and analyzing animal locomotion with these models, however, is difficult due to the large number of joints in a fully articulated skeleton, the complexity of the individual joints, and the huge space of possible configurations, or poses, of the skeleton taken as a whole. A joint may be capable of several biological movements, each represented by a degree of freedom (DOF). A quadrupedal model may require up to 100 DOFs to represent the limbs and trunk segments only, resulting in extremely large spaces of possible body configurations. New methods are presented here that allow limbs with any number of biomechanical DOFs to be kinematically exercised and mapped into a visualization space. The spaces corresponding to the ranges of motion of the left and right limbs are automatically intersected and pruned using biological and locomotion constraints. Hind and fore spaces are similarly constrained so that Genetic Algorithms (GAs) can be used to quickly find smooth, and therefore plausible, kinematic quadrupedal locomotion paths through the spaces. Gaits generated for generic dog and reptile models are compared to published gait data to determine the viability of kinematics-only gait generation and analysis; gaits generated for Apatosaurus, Triceratops , and Tyrannosaurus dinosaur models are then compared to those generated for the extant animals. These methods are used for several case studies across the models including: isolating scapulothorax and shoulder joint functionality during locomotion, determining optimal ankle heights for locomotion, and evaluating the effect of limb phase parameters on quadrupedal locomotion.
Adviser: Kent A. Stevens
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Schuessler, Thomas F. "A computer controlled research ventilator for small animals /." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69704.

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Understanding the mechanical properties of the respiratory system is an important task in pulmonary physiology. Current research often involves small mammals (mice, rats or guinea pigs) which are easily obtained in large numbers as pure bred strains, thus allowing statistically reliable results with minimal inter-animal variation to be obtained. However, due to the small flow amplitudes involved, the input impedance of common flow measurement devices is often too low to reliably measure tracheal flow. Furthermore, experimental setups are usually very limited in the types of volume, pressure or flow perturbations they can apply to the respiratory system. The computer controlled research ventilator for small animals described here overcomes both problems. Tracheal flow is estimated from the position of the ventilator piston and the pressure within the cylinder. Furthermore, the setup is capable of applying any desired volume perturbation with a bandwidth up to 55 Hz.
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Siegel, Angeline M. "Unspoken connections| Scientists' intersubjective experiences with animals." Thesis, Saybrook University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3711355.

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Little is known about the scientist-animal relationship; therefore, the aim of this study was to learn how moments of intersubjectivity, or "oneness" are created and experienced by scientists. It is by appreciating the risks and vulnerabilities intrinsic to human-animal relationships that propel the present investigation. The current cultural bias of valuing objectification and detachment as the predominant form of scientific investigation overlooks relational subtleties intrinsic to deriving meaning from humananimal studies. By examining scientists and their descriptions of intersubjectivity with their animal participants, a greater understanding of society's philosophical and ethical deliberations on the human-animal relationship may be revealed. An exploratory, sequential mixed-method design was utilized to phenomenologically examine intersubjectivity, as well as to measure the prevalence of its dimensions within the larger academic population. Phenomenological analysis from ten interviews identified humananimal intersubjectivity as having four significant phases: joint mindfulness, synchronized embodiment, intrinsic belonging , and transcendental awareness. Spearman correlational analysis from fifty-four responses to the online survey supported these findings, as well as identified a potential link with the variables of proximity (r s = .469, p < .05, n=25), closeness (rs = .483, p < .01, n=25), similarity (rs = .483, p < .01, n=25) and embodied awareness (rs = .421, p < .01, n=25) that account for variation in the scientific population. When examining past behavior as it related to current scientific practices, gender differences emerged that resemble those reported by neuroanatomical studies. Lastly, further mixed analysis identified academic and cultural risks that were met by employing concealment and silencing strategies. These results add valuable depth in the interpretation of intersubjectivity and its relationship with scientific behavior, as well as insight into the role of intersubjectivity within ethical and philosophical debates.

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Lee, Dong Gil. "Relationship between arch height and midfoot joint pressures during gait." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1227563948.

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Thesis (D. Eng.)--Cleveland State University, 2008.
Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Feb. 2, 2009). Includes bibliographical references. Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.
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Books on the topic "Gait in animals Research"

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M, Brown Curtis. Dog locomotion and gait analysis. Wheat Ridge, Colo., U.S.A. (4401 Zephyr St., Wheat Ridge 80033-3299): Hoflin Pub., 1986.

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Primate locomotion: Linking field and laboratory research. New York: Springer, 2011.

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Hughes, Lizanne S. Research helping animals. Washington, D.C: Foundation for Biomedical Research, 1993.

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Elliott, Rachel Page. Dogsteps, a new look: A better understanding of dog gait through cineradiography ("moving X-rays"). 3rd ed. Sun City: Doral Pub., 2001.

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Vaughan, Christopher L. Gait analysis laboratory: An interactive book & software package. Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1992.

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Bernard, Amblard, Berthoz A, and Clarac François, eds. Posture and gait: Development, adaptation, and modulation : proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Postural and Gait Research, Marseille, France, 29 May-1 June, 1988. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1988.

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Society, Physiological. Using animals in biomedical research. London: The Physiological Society., 1993.

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Ontario. Ministry of Agriculture and Food. The animals for research act. Toronto, Ont: Ministry of Agriculture and Food, 1993.

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Society for Postural and Gait Research. International Symposium. Disorders of posture and gait, 1990: Xth International Symposium of the Society for Postural and Gait Research, München, September 2-6, 1990. Stuttgart ; New York: G. Thieme Verlag, 1990.

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Mains, Richard C. Rodent research. Houston, Texas?]: NASA ISS Program Science Office, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gait in animals Research"

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Camerlink, Irene. "Using neuroscience to better understand animals and their welfare." In Bridging research disciplines to advance animal welfare science: a practical guide, 157–71. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247893.0010.

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Abstract In this chapter, a brief overview of the vast field of neuroscience is given in relation to animal welfare science. The outlined techniques provide examples of how neuroscience can help us to gain insight into animals' mental experiences.
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Salgado Kent, Chandra, Tiago A. Marques, and Danielle Harris. "Fundamental Data Analysis Tools and Concepts for Bioacoustical Research." In Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 1, 319–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97540-1_9.

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AbstractBioacoustics is a growing field of research in which sound is measured to gain knowledge about species’ natural history and their environments. For example, bioacousticians have been able to create phylogenies, identify populations, and estimate abundance using sound. Moreover, today, many animals are exposed to human-generated noise, which can impact animals’ behavior, ability to communicate, physiology, hearing, and, in some instances, survival. Bioacoustics, thus, is commonly used to assess and predict the impacts of anthropogenic noise on animals and their populations. The use of bioacoustics to address such research questions, however, is only effective provided the quantitative and statistical analysis methods used are adequate and reliable. While it may not be reasonable to expect a single researcher working in bioacoustics to master all three fields required in bioacoustical research (i.e., biology, acoustics, and statistics), bioacousticians should understand basic statistical concepts, have good knowledge of existing techniques for data analysis, and identify possible pitfalls in survey design. In addition, bioacousticians should be able to conduct a range of current standard analyses, produce informative visualizations, and know when to engage a statistician to perform more sophisticated analyses. This chapter introduces common terms, concepts, and statistical methods available to analyze bioacoustical data. Not surprisingly, most are concepts and methods that could be used for any applied research topic, not necessarily just bioacoustics. The authors’ aim is for this chapter to expose users with no or limited experience in quantitative methods in bioacoustics to key analytical considerations for making valid inferences from acoustic data.
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Rossi, John. "Research: Animals." In Encyclopedia of Global Bioethics, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05544-2_373-1.

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Rossi, John. "Research: Animals." In Encyclopedia of Global Bioethics, 2436–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09483-0_373.

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Attinger, D., S. Luethi, and E. Stuessi. "Comparison of Subjective Gait Observation with Measured Gait Asymmetry." In Biomechanics: Basic and Applied Research, 563–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3355-2_80.

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Mazzapioda, Mariagiovanna, and Stefano Nolfi. "Synchronization and Gait Adaptation in Evolving Hexapod Robots." In From Animals to Animats 9, 113–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11840541_10.

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Lara, Sergio Lerma, Ana Ramírez Barragán, Ma Teresa Vara Arias, Álvaro-Pérez-Somarriba, and Estér Márquez Sánchez. "Gait Analysis Worshop." In Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation, 1111–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34546-3_182.

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Chao, E. Y. S. "Gait Analysis: A Survey." In Biomechanics: Basic and Applied Research, 33–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3355-2_3.

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Haynes, Richard. "Animals in Research." In Life Science Ethics, 267–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8792-8_12.

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Vaghani, Sidhdharthkumar, Yuxiang Pan, Fred Hamker, and John Nassour. "Gait Transition Between Simple and Complex Locomotion in Humanoid Robots." In From Animals to Animats 15, 114–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97628-0_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gait in animals Research"

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Renjewski, Daniel, Susanne Lipfert, and Michael Günther. "The Foot in Walking - Towards Developing a Constrained Model of Stance Phase Dynamics." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89185.

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Abstract Bipedal walking is the most prevalent form of human locomotion — versatile, robust, and efficient. However, it is a form of motion few other animals share, and plantigrade bipedalism is fairly unique to our species. Plantigrade feet play an important role in shaping the fundamental gait dynamics, and understanding their role unlocks a huge potential for biomechanical insights for locomotion research, gait rehabilitation, and humanoid robotics. Still, a comprehensive functional model of the foot, which ties the fundamental dynamics of walking to the interaction of foot and ground, does not yet exist due to the inherent mechanical complexity. In this paper, we present a set of assumptions in detail to simplify the development of a mathematical description of the foot’s motion during stance phase in human walking. These assumptions are validated using experimental data. We can show that the complex motion of the foot can be ultimately reduced to a simple rotation, which allows the formulation of a single degree of freedom equation of motion that ties proximal dynamics and constraints into a planar foot model of dynamic interactions.
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ŠENFELDE, Līga, and Daina KAIRIŠA. "AUTOMATIC CONCENTRATE DISTRIBUTION FOR FATTENING OF ROMANOV × DORPER LAMBS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.062.

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The aim of this research was to study the possibility of using automatic concentrate feeding stations in fattening of lambs. Ten Romanov × Dorper weaned male lambs (initial live weight 21.0 ± 0.86 kg) for fattening were used. Lambs were kept indoors in separate pen and research was carried out in production conditions. Concentrate was distributed for animals individually in automatic feeding station. Adaption period were not applied, eight lambs had the concentrate intake in the automatic feeding station from first research day, one started eat concentrate from third research day and one – from eleventh day of research. The frequency of visits to automatic feeding station and daily concentrate intake was recorded and analyzed. Lamb’s were weighted before research and every fourteen days, live weight changes were analyzed. During all the research average number of daily visits to automatic feeding station of one lamb were 13 visits, average daily concentrate intake per animal was: 84 % of the average ration (1642 g) in all research period. Results shows, that average daily live weight gain was 246 ± 26.3 g, during last quarter daily live weight gain (89 ± 27.7 g) was significantly (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05) lover than in other quarters. For 1 kg lamb live weight gain 5.39 kg concentrate was used.
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Taghavi, Nazita, Greg R. Luecke, and Nicholas D. Jeffery. "A Bionic Test-Bed for Sensing and Balance Augmentation in Biological Applications." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67673.

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In this research, we are working to develop a wearable device for stabilizing walking in dachshunds with spinal cord injuries. Our approach is to use sensors on the dog to measure the angle of the torso and stimulate leg motion to balance the animal during standing and walking. The first step in this work is to develop a mechanical test-bed in order to replicate the motion and muscle response during the gait of the dog. This testbed will be used for exploring sensor device operation and for developing appropriate leg stimulation to achieve stability. This robotic testbed is a replica of dog’s rear limbs and is programmed to mimic the gait of the dog. Our initial experiments test the automatic stabilization of the robot by mimicking the walking gait of a healthy dog. We use test data from an actual dog walking on a treadmill to develop representative walking gait characteristics for use on our experimental test bed. Our results show that our bionic dog is an acceptable replica for use in testing the stabilization and control algorithms.
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Wong, Kaufui V., Yading Dai, and Brian Paul. "Anthropogenic Heat Release Into the Environment." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89465.

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This work is intended to systematically study an inventory of the anthropogenic heat produced. This research strives to present a better estimate of the energy generated by humans and human activities, and compare this estimate to the significant energy quantity with respect to climate change. Because the Top of Atmosphere (TOA) net energy flux was found to be 0.85±0.15 W/m2 the planet is out of energy balance, as studied by the group from NASA in 2005. The Earth is estimated to gain 431 TW from this energy imbalance. This number is the significant heat quantity to consider when studying global climate change, and not the 78,300 TW, the absorbed part of the primary solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface, as commonly cited and used at present in the literature. Based on energy supplied to the boilers (in the Rankine cycle) of at least 13 TW, body energy dissipated by 7 billion people and their domestic animals, the value of the total world anthropogenic heat production rate is 15.26 TW or 3.5% of the energy gain by the Earth. Based on world energy consumption and the energy dissipated by 7 billion people and their domestic animals, the value of the total world anthropogenic heat production rate is 19.7 TW or about 5% of the energy gain by the Earth. These numbers are significantly different from 13 TW. More importantly, the figures are 3.5 to 5% of the net energy gained by the Earth, and hence significant. The quantity is not 0.017% of the absorbed part of the main solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface and negligible.
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Sharifyanov, Bilus, Halyaf Ishmuratov, and Fanuz Shagaliev. "Use of silos of legume-cereal grass mixtures in the diets of young cattle." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-28-76-184-190.

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The purpose of this work is to increase the intensity of growth and development of young cattle when rearing highly productive cows, as well as when fattening for meat through the use of energy-saturated high-protein silos harvested using a new technology in feeding diets. To solve the tasks set in the conditions of LLC "Yenikeyev" Dyurtyulinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, crops of mixtures of high-protein, energy-saturated unconventional and crops of mixtures of traditional fodder crops were isolated and silos were prepared by preliminary drying to 70% humidity and using a new generation preservative Biosib. The study of the chemical composition and nutritional value of feed was carried out in the laboratories of zooanalysis of the Bashkir Research Institute of the UFIC RAS and BASHNPVL according to generally accepted methods. Studies have shown that silos from legume-cereal grass mixtures, harvested according to new technologies, are real reserves for replenishing the range of feed for young cattle when growing highly productive cows in the winter-stall period of maintenance, as well as when fattening for meat. The feed is highly nutritious and of good quality. 1 kg of feed contains 0,22-0,24 EKE and 19,0-23,9 g of digestible protein. Feeding heifers 7 kg / head / day of silage of a mixture of eastern goat and boneless stalk increases the intensity of their growth. Compared with the control, the average daily gains in live weight of animals in the experimental group were 7,8% higher. The use of 8 kg of silage in the diet of heifers of a mixture of eastern goat and boneless stalk, while reducing the proportion of concentrates by 0,2 kg, contributes to an increase in live weight gain by 9,0% compared with a group of animals receiving a similar feed mixture of alfalfa and boneless stalk. Feeding bulls 12 and 17 kg of silage with a mixture of eastern goat and boneless stalk also increases the intensity of their growth. In comparison with the control, the average daily increments of animals of the experimental groups were higher by 9,5 and 14,3%. The use of 12 and 17 kg of silage in the diets of fattened young animals of a mixture of eastern goat and boneless rump reduces the cost of concentrated feed per unit of increase by 9,3 and 37,2%.
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Zhang, Zhaonian, Philippe Pouliquen, Allen Waxman, and Andreas G. Andreou. "Acoustic Micro-Doppler Gait Signatures of Humans and Animals." In 2007 41st Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2007.4298383.

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Zuo, Guohua. "Research of Animals' Subconscious Art Creation." In 2016 5th International Conference on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ssehr-16.2016.20.

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Pang, Kerong, Tianzheng Wan, and Xiang Yuan. "Research and Development of Xenotransplantation using Animals." In The International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011216500003443.

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Verbrugghe, Adronie, and Alexandra Rankovic. "Dietary choline in feline nutrition and its role in obesity prevention and liver health." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/gyun6061.

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In North America, 60% of cats is estimated to be overweight or obese, predisposing cats to obesity-related health consequences, which reduce quality and quantity of life. Weight loss is recommended, yet current protocols are often unsuccessful. Moreover, drastic energy restriction can put overweight and obese cats at risk of developing feline hepatic lipidosis which can be fatal if left untreated.Choline, an essential nutrient, can be found naturally in organ meats, eggs, soybean and wheat germ. Commercial pet foods contain a supplemental source of choline to meet the recommendations set by the Association of American Feed Control Officials. For cats, 2400 mg/kg diet on a dry matter basis or 600 mg/1000 kcal metabolizable energy is recommended for growth and adult maintenance. Choline is a methyl group donor involved in multiple metabolic pathways and plays an important role in fat metabolism and mobilization, particularly in the liver. Choline is a precursor for phosphatidylcholine, an essential component of very-low-density lipoproteins, crucial for exporting triglycerides and cholesterol out of the liver and into circulation. Research in many animal species, including cats, has found that a diet deficient in choline results in hepatic fat accumulation. Similarly in rats, high-fat diet-induced fatty livers were reversed with choline. Choline supplementation studies in the animal nutrition field have largely focused on growth and weight gain in livestock. This research uncovered decreased fat deposition and increased lean carcass composition with supplementation of choline or its derivative betaine. This session will summarize recent choline research in cats. The findings suggest that supplementing choline, above an animal’s recommended allowance, may help to reduce body fat gain in growing kittens after neutering, and help mobilize fats from the liver in overweight and obese cats, proposing a novel nutritional strategy for obesity prevention and liver health in domestic cats.
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Tinini Alvarez, Israel Raul, and Guillermo Sahonero-Alvarez. "Gait Recognition Based on Modified Gait Energy Image." In 2018 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/shircon.2018.8592975.

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Reports on the topic "Gait in animals Research"

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Osborne, Nikki. Research Integrity: A primer on research involving animals. Edited by Josephine Woodhams. UK Research Integrity Office (UKRIO), February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37672/ukrio.2019.01.animals.

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Osborne, Nikki. Research Integrity: A primer on research involving animals. UKRIO, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37672/ukrio.2021.02.animals.

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This document seeks to highlight the abundance of information regarding good practice, responsible conduct and integrity that relates to animal use in research. General awareness of these across the Life Science research community is highly variable. However, many of the documents referenced here offer useful tools to assist in the review of training, support and/or mentoring to equip students and staff with the necessary knowledge and skills that they will need to achieve, or work towards achieving, the expectations described above.
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Zurlo, Joanne. Institute of Laboratory Animals Research (ILAR). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416653.

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Kokolova, L. M., L. Y. Gavrilieva, S. M. Stepanova, S. V. Dulova, and I. I. Romanov. RESEARCH OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN FISHING ANIMALS IN THE ECOSYSTEM OF THE FAR NORTH. Ljournal, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/2108-1986-gelmint.

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Weinberg, Zwi G., Richard E. Muck, Nathan Gollop, Gilad Ashbell, Paul J. Weimer, and Limin Kung, Jr. effect of lactic acid bacteria silage inoculants on the ruminal ecosystem, fiber digestibility and animal performance. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587222.bard.

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The overall objective of the whole research was to elucidate the mechanisms by which LAB silage inoculants enhance ruminant performance. The results generated will permit the development of better silage inoculants that maximize both silage preservation and animal performance. For this one-year BARD feasibility study, the objectives were to: 1. determine whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in inoculants for silage can survive in rumen fluid (RF) 2.select the inoculants that survived best, and 3. test whether LAB silage inoculants produce bacteriocins-like substances. The most promising strains will be used in the next steps of the research. Silage inoculants containing LAB are used in order to improve forage preservation efficiency. In addition, silage inoculants enhance animal performance in many cases. This includes improvements in feed intake, liveweight gain and milk production in 25-40% of studies reviewed. The cause for the improvement in animal performance is not clear but appears to be other than direct effect of LAB inoculants on silage fermentation. Results from various studies suggest a possible probiotic effect. Our hypothesis is that specific LAB strains interact with rumen microorganisms which results in enhanced rumen functionality and animal performance. The first step of the research is to determine whether LAB of silage inoculants survive in RF. Silage inoculants (12 in the U.S. and 10 in Israel) were added to clarified and strained RF. Inoculation rate was 10 ⁶ (clarified RF), 10⁷ (strained RF) (in the U.S.) and 10⁷, 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹ in Israel (strained RF). The inoculated RF was incubated for 72 and 96 h at 39°C, with and without 5 g 1⁻¹ glucose. Changes in pH, LAB numbers and fermentation products were monitored throughout the incubation period. The results indicated that LAB silage inoculants can survive in RF. The inoculants with the highest counts after 72 h incubation in rumen fluid were Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 and a L. plantarum/P. cerevisiae mixture (USA) and Enterococcus faecium strains and Lactobacillus buchneri (Israel). Incubation of rumen fluid with silage LAB inoculants resulted in higher pH values in most cases as compared with that of un-inoculated controls. The magnitude of the effect varied among inoculants and typically was enhanced with the inoculants that survived best. This might suggest the mode of action of LAB silage inoculants in the rumen as higher pH enhances fibrolytic microorganisms in the rumen. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the inoculated RF tended to be lower than in the control RF after incubation. However, L. plalltarull1 MTDI resulted in the highest concentrations of VFA in the RF relative to other inoculants. The implication of this result is not as yet clear. In previous research by others, feeding silages which were inoculated with this strain consistently enhanced animal performance. These finding were recently published in Weinberg et.al.. (2003), J. of Applied Microbiology 94:1066-1071 and in Weinberg et al.. (2003), Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (accepted). In addition, some strains in our studies have shown bacteriocins like activity. These included Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum Mill 1. These results will enable us to continue the research with the LAB strains that survived best in the rumen fluid and have the highest potential to affect the rumen environment.
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Stassen, Elsbeth N. New balance In animal husbandry : Farewell address upon retiring as Professor of Animals and Society at Wageningen University & Research on 21 November 2019. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/514446.

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Hodnett, John, Ralph Eshelman, Nicholas Gardner, and Vincent Santucci. Geology, Pleistocene paleontology, and research history of the Cumberland Bone Cave: Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail. National Park Service, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296839.

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The Cumberland Bone Cave is a public visitation stop along the Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail renowned for its unique fossil resources that help reconstruct Appalachian middle Pleistocene life in the mid-Atlantic region of North America. This site is gated for safety and to prevent unwanted exploration and damage. Approximately 163 taxa of fossil plant and animals have been collected from Cumberland Bone Cave since 1912. Most of the fossils that have been published pertain to mammals, including many extinct or locally extirpated genera and species. Though the early excavations made by the Smithsonian Institution between 1912 and 1915 are the best known of the work at Cumberland Bone Cave, over many decades multiple institutions and paleontologists have collected and studied the fossil resources from this site up until 2012. Today, fossils from Cumberland Bone Cave are housed at various museum collections, including public displays at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington D.C. and the Allegany Museum in Cumberland, Maryland. This report summarizes the geology, fossil resources, and the history of excavation and research for Potomac Heritage Trail’s Cumberland Bone Cave.
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Pounds, L. R., P. D. Parr, and M. G. Ryon. Resource management plan for the Oak Ridge Reservation. Volume 30, Oak Ridge National Environmental Research Park natural areas and reference areas--Oak Ridge Reservation environmentally sensitive sites containing special plants, animals, and communities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179639.

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P., BASTIAENSEN. Triage in the trenches, for the love of animals : a tribute to veterinarians in the First World War. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/bull.2018.nf.2883.

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On the occasion of the centenary of the First World War, remembered across the world from 2014 until the end of 2018, many aspects and experiences of this global conflict have been re-examined or brought to light for the first time, as we honour the memory of those estimated 16 million soldiers and civilians who perished in what was then known as the ‘Great War’, or the ‘War to End All Wars’. So many of these died on the infamous fields of Flanders, where Allied and Central Forces dug themselves into trenches for the better part of four years. Over the past few years, new research has brought to light many insights into the plight of animals in this War, which – for the younger readers amongst you – was fought at the dawn of motorised warfare, using anything powered by two or four feet or paws, from the homing pigeons delivering secret messages across enemy lines, to the traction provided by oxen and mules to pull cannons and other heavy artillery, to the horses of the cavalry. Not least among these roles was the supply of animal protein to the troops, whether this came through the specific designation of animals for this purpose or as the result of a failed attempt at delivering any of the above services. Several leading publications today have documented the role (and suffering) of animals in ‘La Grande Guerre’. Less so the role of veterinarians in the ‘War to End All Wars’. Who were they? How many? How were they organised? What did they do, on either side of the enemy lines? The present article is a humble attempt to shed some light on these veterinary colleagues, based on available, mostly grey, literature…
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Hodges, Thomas K., and David Gidoni. Regulated Expression of Yeast FLP Recombinase in Plant Cells. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7574341.bard.

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Research activities in both our laboratories were directed toward development of control of the FLP/frt recombination system for plants. As described in the text of the research proposal, the US lab has been engaged in developing regulatory strategies such as tissue-specific promoters and the steroid-inducible activation of the FLP enzyme while the main research activities in Israel have been directed toward the development and testing of a copper-regulated expression of flp recombinase in tobacco (this is an example of a promoter activation by metal ions). The Israeli lab hat additionally completed experiments of previous studies regarding factors affecting the efficiency of recombinase activity using both a gain-of-function assay (excisional-activation of a gusA marker) and loss of function assay (excision of a rolC marker) in tobacco. Site-specific recombinase systems, in particular the FLP/frt and R/RS systems of yeast and the Cre/lox system of bacteriophage P1, have become an essential component of targeted genetic transformation procedures both in animal and plant organisms. To provide more flexibility in transgene excisions by the recombinase systems as well as gene targeting, and to widen possible applications, the development of controlled or regulated recombination systems is highly desirable and was therefore the subject of this research proposal. There are a few possible mechanisms to regulate expression of a recombinase system. They include: 1) control of the recombination system by having the target sites (e.g. frt) in one plant and the flp recombinase gene in another, and bringing the two together by cross fertilization. 2) regulation of promoter activities by external stimuli such as temperature, chemicals, metal ions, etc. 3) regulation of promoter activities by internal signals, i.e. cell- or tissue-specific, or developmental regulation. 4) regulation of enzyme activity by providing cofactors essential for biochemical reactions to take place such as steroid molecules in conjunction with a steroid ligand-binding protein (domains). During the course of this research our major emphasis have been focused toward studying the feasibility of hybrid seed production in Arabidopsis, using FLP/frt. Male-sterility was induced using the antisence of a pollen- and tapetum-specific gene, bcp1, isolated from Arabidopsis. The sterility inducing gene was flanked by frt sites. Upon cross pollination of flowers of male-sterile plants with pollen from FLP-containing plants, viable seeds were produced, and the progeny hybrid plants developed normally. The major achievement from this work is the first demonstration of using a site-specific recombinase to restore fertility in male-sterile plants (see attached paper, Luo et al., Plant J 2000; 23:423-430). The implication from this finding is that site-specific recombination systems can be applied in crop plants as a useful alternative method for hybrid seed production.
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