Academic literature on the topic 'Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici'

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Journal articles on the topic "Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici"

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Simon, A., and K. Sivasithamparam. "Interactions among Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Trichoderma koningii, and soil bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-150.

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Interactions among Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Trichoderma koningii, and soil bacteria were studied in vitro and in soils suppressive and conducive of the saprophytic growth of G. graminis var. tritici. Fifty-four percent of bacteria isolated from the suppressive soil and 10% from the conducive soil were antagonistic to G. graminis var. tritici in vitro. The reduction in the growth of T. koningii in vitro by metabolite(s) produced in pure culture by soil bacteria was 14 and 28% for the bacteria isolated from the suppressive and conducive soil, respectively. Metabolite(s) produced by T. koningii in pure culture inhibited the growth in vitro of 8 and 65% of the bacteria isolated from the suppressive and conducive soils, respectively. All isolates of Trichoderma tested produced metabolite(s) that inhibited growth of G. graminis var. tritici in pure culture. The metabolite(s) produced by one isolate of T. koningii inhibited growth of all isolates of Trichoderma in vitro. Trichoderma koningii suppressed saprophytic growth of G. graminis var. tritici in irradiated conducive soil in the absence but not in the presence of bacteria isolated from the same soil. The results suggest that the suppressive soil may be more suppressive of the saprophytic growth of G. graminis var. tritici and less suppressive of the growth of T. koningii than the conducive soil.
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Mohammadi, Seddighe, and Leila Ghanbari. "In vitro Antagonistic Mechanisms of Trichoderma spp. and Talaromyces flavus to Control Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici the Causal Agent of Wheat Take-all Disease." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 8 (July 29, 2015): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i8.629-634.271.

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Wheat take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici has recently been detected in different regions of Iran. With respect to biocontrol effect of Trichoderma spp. on many pathogenic fungi, seven isolates of Trichoderma and four isolates of Talaromyces were in vitro evaluated in terms of their biological control against the disease causal agent. In dual culture test the five isolates showed efficient competition for colonization against pathogenic fungus and the highest percentages of inhibition belonging to Talaromyces flavus 60 and Talaromyces flavus 136 were 59.52 and 57.61%, respectively. Microscopic investigations showed that in regions where antagonistic isolates and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici coincide, hyphal contact, penetration and fragmentation of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici were observed. Investigating the effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds at 10 ml concentration showed that the highest inhibition percentage on mycelium growth of the pathogen caused by T. harzianum (44.76%) and T. longibrachiatum (52.38%) respectively.
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Mathre, D. E. "Take-all Disease on Wheat, Barley, and Oats." Plant Health Progress 1, no. 1 (January 2000): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2000-0623-01-dg.

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This diagnostic guide is on Take-all Disease on Wheat, Barley, and Oats, by: Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) causes disease in wheat and barley, G. graminis var. avena causes disease in oats, and G. graminis var. graminis causes disease in grasses. Accepted for publication 30 May 2000. Published 23 June 2000.
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Fouly, H. M., and H. T. Wilkinson. "Detection of Gaeumannomyces graminis Varieties Using Polymerase Chain Reaction with Variety-Specific Primers." Plant Disease 84, no. 9 (September 2000): 947–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.9.947.

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The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of Gaeumannomyces graminis, the causal agent of take-all disease in wheat, oats, and turfgrass. NS5 and NS6 universal primers amplified the middle region of 18S ribosomal DNA of Gaeumannomyces species and varieties. Primers GGT-RP (5′ TGCAATGGCTTCGTGAA 3′) and GGA-RP (5′ TTTGTGTGTGAC CATAC 3′) were developed by sequence analysis of cloned NS5-NS6 fragments. The primer pair NS5:GGT-RP amplified a single 410-bp fragment from isolates of G. graminis var. tritici, a single 300-bp fragment from isolates of G. graminis var. avenae, and no amplification products from isolates of G. graminis var. graminis or other species of Gaeumannomyces. The primer pair NS5:GGA-RP amplified a single 400-bp fragment from isolates of varieties tritici and avenae. Two sets of primer pairs (NS5:GGT-RP and NS5:GGA-RP) were used in PCR reactions to detect and identify the varieties tritici and avenae either colonizing wheat, oats, or grass roots, or in culture. No amplification products were observed using DNA extracted from plants infected with eight other soilborne fungal pathogens or from uninoculated plants.
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Thomas, S. L., P. Bonello, P. E. Lipps, and M. J. Boehm. "Avenacin Production in Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and Its Influence on the Host Range of Gaeumannomyces graminis." Plant Disease 90, no. 1 (January 2006): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0033.

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Avenacinase activity has been shown to be a key factor determining the host range of Gaeumannomyces graminis on oats (Avena sativa). G. graminis var. avenae produces avenacinase, which detoxifies the oat root saponin avenacin, enabling it to infect oats. G. graminis var. tritici does not produce avenacinase and is unable to infect oats. G. graminis var. avenae is also reported to incite take-all patch on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). It is unknown whether creeping bentgrass produces avenacin and if the avenacin-avenacinase interaction influences G. graminis pathogenicity on creeping bentgrass. The root extracts of six creeping bentgrass cultivars were analyzed by fluorimetry, thin-layer chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography for avenacin content. Avenacin was not detected in any creeping bentgrass cultivars, and pathogenicity assays confirmed that both G. graminis var. avenae and G. graminis var. tritici can infect creeping bentgrass and wheat (Triticum aestivum), but only G. graminis var. avenae incited disease on oats. These results are consistent with the root analyses and confirm that avenacinase activity is not required for creeping bentgrass infection by G. graminis.
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Kwak, Youn-Sig, Peter A. H. M. Bakker, Debora C. M. Glandorf, Jennifer T. Rice, Timothy C. Paulitz, and David M. Weller. "Diversity, Virulence, and 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol Sensitivity of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici Isolates from Washington State." Phytopathology® 99, no. 5 (May 2009): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-5-0472.

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We determined whether isolates of the take-all pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici become less sensitive to 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) during wheat monoculture as a result of exposure to the antibiotic over multiple growing seasons. Isolates of G. graminis var. tritici were baited from roots of native grasses collected from noncropped fields and from roots of wheat from fields with different cropping histories near Lind, Ritzville, Pullman, and Almota, WA. Isolates were characterized by using morphological traits, G. graminis variety-specific polymerase chain reaction and pathogenicity tests. The sensitivity of G. graminis var. tritici isolates to 2,4-DAPG was determined by measuring radial growth of each isolate. The 90% effective dose value was 3.1 to 4.4 μg ml–1 for 2,4-DAPG-sensitive isolates, 4.5 to 6.1 μg ml–1 for moderately sensitive isolates, and 6.2 to 11.1 μg ml–1 for less sensitive isolates. Sensitivity of G. graminis var. tritici isolates to 2,4-DAPG was normally distributed in all fields and was not correlated with geographic origin or cropping history of the field. There was no correlation between virulence on wheat and geographical origin, or virulence and sensitivity to 2,4-DAPG. These results indicate that G. graminis var. tritici does not become less sensitive to 2,4-DAPG during extended wheat monoculture.
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Friebe, A., V. Vilich, L. Hennig, M. Kluge, and D. Sicker. "Detoxification of Benzoxazolinone Allelochemicals from Wheat byGaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, G. graminis var. graminis, G. graminis var.avenae, and Fusarium culmorum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 2386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.7.2386-2391.1998.

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ABSTRACT The ability of phytopathogenic fungi to overcome the chemical defense barriers of their host plants is of great importance for fungal pathogenicity. We studied the role of cyclic hydroxamic acids and their related benzoxazolinones in plant interactions with pathogenic fungi. We identified species-dependent differences in the abilities of Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici, Gaeumannomyces graminis var.graminis, Gaeumannomyces graminis var.avenae, and Fusarium culmorum to detoxify these allelochemicals of gramineous plants. The G. graminisvar. graminis isolate degraded benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA) and 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (MBOA) more efficiently than did G. graminis var.tritici and G. graminis var. avenae. F. culmorum degraded BOA but not MBOA.N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-malonamic acid andN-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-malonamic acid were the primary G. graminis var. graminis andG. graminis var. tritici metabolites of BOA and MBOA, respectively, as well as of the related cyclic hydroxamic acids. 2-Amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one was identified as an additional G. graminis var. triticimetabolite of BOA. No metabolite accumulation was detected forG. graminis var. avenae and F. culmorum by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The mycelial growth of the pathogenic fungi was inhibited more by BOA and MBOA than by their related fungal metabolites. The tolerance ofGaeumannomyces spp. for benzoxazolinone compounds is correlated with their detoxification ability. The ability ofGaeumannomyces isolates to cause root rot symptoms in wheat (cultivars Rektor and Astron) parallels their potential to degrade wheat allelochemicals to nontoxic compounds.
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Castellanos-Morales, V., R. Cárdenas-Navarro, J. M. García-Garrido, A. Illana, J. A. Ocampo, S. Steinkellner, and H. Vierheilig. "  Bioprotection against Gaeumannomyces graminis in barley a comparison between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 6 (June 18, 2012): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/622/2011-pse.

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Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici causes take-all disease, the most important root disease of cereal plants. Cereal plants are able to form a symbiotic association with soil-borne arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which can provide bioprotection against soil-borne fungal pathogens. However, the bioprotective effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi against soil-borne fungal pathogens might vary. In the present study we tested the systemic bioprotective effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices and Gigaspora rosea against the soil-borne fungal pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in a barley split-root system. Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora rosea colonized the split-root system of barley plants at different levels; however, all arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi clearly reduced the level of root lesions due to the pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis. Our data indicate that some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi need high root colonization rates to protect plants against fungal pathogens, whereas others act already at low root colonization rates.    
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Thompson, Ian A., Don M. Huber, and Darrell G. Schulze. "Evidence of a Multicopper Oxidase in Mn Oxidation by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici." Phytopathology® 96, no. 2 (February 2006): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0130.

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Manganese (Mn) oxidation by the plant-pathogenic fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici has been correlated with virulence in take-all disease. The mechanism of Mn oxidation has not, however, been investigated adequately. Research on bacteria and other fungi indicates that Mn oxidation is most often the result of the activity of multicopper oxidases. To determine if G. graminis var. tritici oxidizes Mn by similar means, the Mn oxidizing factor (MOF) produced by G. graminis var. tritici was characterized by cultural, spectrophotometric, and cellulose acetate electrophoresis methods. Based on our results, the MOF is an extracellular enzyme with an estimated molecular weight of 50 to 100 kDa. Electrophoresis and spectrophotometry indicate that the MOF is a multicopper oxidase with laccase activity.
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Kang, Xingxing, Lanhua Wang, Yu Guo, Muhammad Zain ul Arifeen, Xunchao Cai, Yarong Xue, Yuanqin Bu, Gang Wang, and Changhong Liu. "A Comparative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Hexaploid Wheat’s Responses to Colonization by Bacillus velezensis and Gaeumannomyces graminis, Both Separately and Combined." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 32, no. 10 (October 2019): 1336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-03-19-0066-r.

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Tritrophic interactions involving a biocontrol agent, a pathogen, and a plant have been analyzed predominantly from the perspective of the biocontrol agent. To explore the adaptive strategies of wheat in response to beneficial, pathogenic, and combined microorganisms, we performed the first comprehensive transcriptomic, proteomic, and biochemical analysis in wheat roots after exposure to Bacillus velezensis CC09, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, and their combined colonization, respectively. The transcriptional or translational programming of wheat roots inoculated with beneficial B. velezensis showed mild alterations compared with that of pathogenic G. graminis var. tritici. However, the combination of B. velezensis and G. graminis var. tritici activated a larger transcriptional or translational program than for each single microorganism, although the gene expression pattern was similar to that of individual infection by G. graminis var. tritici, suggesting a prioritization of defense against G. graminis var. tritici infection. Surprisingly, pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity made wheat pretreated with B. velezensis more sensitive to subsequent G. graminis var. tritici infection. Additionally, B. velezensis triggered a salicylic acid (SA)-dependent mode of induced systemic resistance that resembles pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance. Wheat plants mainly depend on SA-mediated resistance, and not that mediated by jasmonic acid (JA), against the necrotrophic pathogen G. graminis var. tritici. Moreover, SA–JA interactions resulted in antagonistic effects regardless of the type of microorganisms in wheat. Further enhancement of SA-dependent defense responses such as lignification to the combined infection was shown to reduce the level of induced JA-dependent defense against subsequent infection with G. graminis var. tritici. Altogether, our results demonstrate how the hexaploid monocot wheat responds to beneficial or pathogenic microorganisms and prolongs the onset of take-all disease through modulation of cell reprogramming and signaling events.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici"

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Dyer, Sonya. "The role of colonisation of soil and wheat roots by Trichoderma koningii in biological control of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd9966.pdf.

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Wake, Katherine Ann. "Host specificity and saponin resistance in oat-attacking isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301960.

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Freeman, Jacqueline. "Molecular variation and population dynamics of the wheat take-all fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici)." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410142.

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Stanway, C. A. "Double-stranded RNA viruses and pathogenicity of the wheat take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37865.

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Genowati, Indira. "Take-all in Wheat: PCR Identification of the Pathogen and the Interactions Amongst Potential Biological Control Agents." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35050.

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Gaeumannomyces graminis var. triciti (Ggt), the causal agent of take-all in wheat, is difficult to detect accurately and rapidly due to its similarity to fungi in the Gaeumannomyces-Phialophora complex. My objectives are to detect the fungus in infested plants and soil, and to predict effective combinations of bacteria as biological control agents. Detection was based on avenacinase-based primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions specified by earlier research. PCR conditions were modified to effect detection. The annealing temperature was lowered from 68 to 62°C for plant and soil extracts, and the concentration of Taq polymerase was doubled for soil extracts. The lowest detection limit for plant extraction was with plant grown on 4 g Ggt-infested millet seed per kg soil, and that for soil extraction was 16 mg of purified Ggt DNA per g soil. Chemical and cultural control methods are currently inadequate. Biological control using bacteria is an alternative. Combinations of several bacterial strains are expected to work better than a single strain, but they may be less effective if bacteria antagonize each other or compete for the same rhizosphere habitat. Antagonism of potential biological control agents were assessed using a Petri plate assay. To estimate possible habitat competition, nutritional profiles of the strains were evaluated using the BIOLOG system. I hypothesized that bacteria not antagonistic to each other and having low coefficients of nutritional similarity would make better biological control combinations. Six bacterial combinations gave better mean root weight in the greenhouse experiment but not in the field.
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Ross, Ian Lindsay. "Mechanisms of biocontrol of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici by Pseudomonas corrugata strain 2140 : genetic and biochemical aspects." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr824.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 207-220. Pseudomonas corrigata strain 2140 (Pc2140), isolated from wheat field soil in Australia, antagonises the take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) in vitro and significantly reduces take-all symptoms on wheat in pot trials. This study investigates the mechanisms by which the biocontrol agent reduces the disease symptoms. Biochemical analysis of metabolites of P. corrugata 2140 reveal a number of compounds potentially antagonistic to Ggt and which may play a role in disease control. These include water-soluble antibiotics, siderophores, proteases, peptides and volatiles including hydrogen cyanide.
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Schreiner, Karin. "Identifizierung mikrobieller Antagonisten gegen den bodenbürtigen phytopathogenen Pilz Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici und Nachweis antagonistisch wirkender Metaboliten." kostenfrei, 2008. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/645671/645671.pdf.

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Nkemka, Pamela Nkengafac. "The effects of cereal-clover bicropping on the epidemiology of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) in wheat." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298856.

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Goodier, Robert Iain. "The role of cell density dependent signalling in interactions between Pseudomonas corrugata and the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU117871.

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Quorum sensing using N-acyl homoserine lactone (N-AHL) signal molecules is a cell density-dependent mechanism which allows bacterial cells to co-ordinate their behaviour in concern with their own population size. Previous studies have indicated that the pathogenic fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) secretes a homoserine lactone that promotes gene expression in the potential biocontrol bacterium Pseudomonas corrugata. The aim of this thesis was therefore to investigate the role of N-AHL signalling in interactions between these two organisms. It was demonstrated that Ggt does not produce an N-AHL signal molecule or similar autoinducer capable of causing the reported increased transcription in P. corrugata. P. corrugata however was confirmed to produce an N-AHL signal molecule, and it was decided to elucidate this system to determine its possible role in expression of virulence/pathogenicity genes. aA gene was identified from the P. corrugata genome with significant homology to the LuxI family of AHL synthases. This was confirmed experimentally to produce multiple N-AHL signal molecules and the gene termed 'pcoI'. A putative transcriptional activator was also identified and termed 'pcoR', but was not required for production of N-AHL. Sequence analysis revealed close homology to Sa1A, a newly identified regulatory required for virulence and toxin production in P. syringae. Both genes were demonstrated to be involved in Ggt suppression in vitro. This work has provided a glimpse into the hierarchy and complex nature of signal pathways regulating virulence/pathogenicity in P. corrugata. Understanding the mechanisms through which the biocontrol of plant disease occurs is critical to the eventual improvement and wider use of biocontrol methods. In addition, the information from this study may prove beneficial for the manipulation of parameters affecting pathogenesis of P. corrugata and for the eventual control of plant disease.
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Inwood, Richard J. "The impact of annual grasses and grass removal with herbicides on carry-over of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ai63.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici"

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Howie, William Johnston. Factors affecting colonization of wheat roots and suppression of take-all by pseudomonads antagonistic to Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. 1985.

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Bull, Carolee Theresa. Wheat root colonization by disease-suppressive or nonsuppressive bacteria and the effect of population size on severity of take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. 1987.

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Hamdan, Hasnah. The fluorescent siderophore of Pseudomonas fluorescens: Role in suppression of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and genetic analysis of siderophore production. 1988, 1988.

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Duffy, Brion K. A new selective medium for Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, and evaluation of combinations of Pseudomonas spp. and fungal biocontrol agents for take-all suppression. 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici"

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Herdina, K. Ophel-Keller, D. Roget, and P. Harvey. "Comparison Between a DNA-Based Assay and a Soil Bioassay in Quantifying the Amount of Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var. Tritici in Soil." In Developments in Plant Pathology, 503–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0043-1_111.

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Schisler, D. A., M. H. Ryder, and A. D. Rovira. "An improved, in vitro technique for rapidly assaying rhizosphere bacteria for the production of compounds inhibitory to Rhizoctonia solani and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici." In The Rhizosphere and Plant Growth, 302–3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3336-4_60.

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AMELUNG, D. "A Simple Method for Identification of Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var. Tritici Walker." In Biotic Interactions and Soil-Borne Diseases, 412–13. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88728-3.50078-0.

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Buck, K. W. "Viruses Of The Wheat Take-All Fungus, Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var. Tritiei." In Fungal Virology, 221–36. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351072205-8.

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DUTRECQ, A., P. DEBRAS, J. STEVAUX, and M. MARLIER. "Activity of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol Isolated from a Strain of Pseudomonas Fluorescens to Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var. Tritici." In Biotic Interactions and Soil-Borne Diseases, 252–57. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88728-3.50047-0.

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SARNIGUET, A., and PH LUCAS. "Possible Role of Manganese in the Relation between Gaeumannomyces Graminis var. Tritici and Fluorescent Pseudomonas in the Development of Take-All (Abstract)." In Biotic Interactions and Soil-Borne Diseases, 284. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88728-3.50053-6.

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